Now I propose to consider an even more interesting topic - “Traditions of the Russian people”, a project for classes in a preschool educational institution. Perhaps this is a professional deformation: everything that I encounter, I try to make it useful for children.
Education - including knowledge of traditions. This knowledge should be instilled from kindergarten. It happens that kids remember a little. But when they repeatedly encounter the topic, they remember and understand the terms. For example, our guys are often inspired by the phrase "Wooden Russia" (this is about houses made of logs). The level of knowledge in children is different. Some parents read fairy tales, others do not, others know about the toy bun on the phone. We always make the first lesson on traditions introductory.
A little earlier in the article, I already started sketching on this topic. Today we will continue the work, detailing it. To make it easier, you need to sketch out a lesson plan on paper. We work in the following sequence:
- We break the project with children "Traditions of the Russian people" into separate thematic parts. We come up with names for them.
- We select material for each: proverbs, riddles, pictures, cartoons, games. Better with a margin - and suddenly something "does not work."
- We bring objects to the group, make presentations from pictures, select video material. We write eyeliners and make connections between parts - to move from one concept to another. Our work is a bit like writing a script.
We will prepare the project "Traditions and customs of the Russian people" in the preparatory group. For kids, you can simplify and shorten the flow of information, focus more on pictures and games.
I recommend not to stretch the lesson for a long time, otherwise the perception becomes dull. And do not try to embrace the immensity: you cannot tell about all the traditions at once. Because from an overabundance of information, everything is mixed up in the minds. It is better to tell briefly with a couple of examples. In the introduction, you can tell that Russia is big, it is inhabited by many peoples. Therefore, there are many traditions. Say a few words about the history and nature of the country.
Useful literature on the topic
- Electronic manual "Spiritual and moral culture and traditions of the Russian people" . This is a handy PC program, not a book. The material is systematized by sections, the methodologist has something to profit from.
- To get to know our country better will help a wonderful "Guide for children. Russia" . This is a link to the electronic PDF format, although there is also a paper edition.
- Toddlers do not like to hear how to do something with their own hands. I recommend to try coloring "Russian traditions" . There is so much to say and show about it. And then, to consolidate, let the child color nesting dolls, toys, dishes from the pages of the publication I.
- Pedagogical collection of Ushinsky "On the upbringing of children and youth" . It will be useful for children's teachers.
The project "Traditions and customs of the Russian people" in middle group and the eldest can be supplemented with another useful book. It is called "Growing up cultural: for children 5-6 years old" . The book briefly and simply talks about Russian traditions: clothing, decoration of the hut, and other components of culture. The edition with illustrations will be useful for home reading. There is generally a lot of useful things: how to behave on the street, in nature, etc.
interesting thematic literature I will give below - in subsections dedicated to a particular tradition. There will be about tea drinking, toys, musical instruments.
Project for children "Traditions of the Russian people": national cuisine
National dishes are an important part of the cultural heritage. Not without reason, when people go abroad, they want to try something from the local cuisine. To begin with, you can ask the children what products are traditional for our cuisine (cereals, cereals, milk, vegetables, etc.). Peasants of moderate income ate meat on holidays. I suggest asking the children what dishes they know. national cuisine. Think about cabbage soup, cereals, pies, dumplings, kvass, okroshka.
The saying “Schi and porridge is our food” was not born from scratch. This is truly folk food. In the project "Traditions of the Russian people" ( senior group) you can already turn on the Call Me games. For example, everything that is made from flour (kalachi, bread, pies, pancakes, pancakes). And also - what fillings are used for pancakes, what products are needed for cabbage soup. I will say that potatoes were not originally added to cabbage soup, it began to spread in Russia only in the 18th century.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the sweets. There were not so many types, but almost all of them were well known. Among them are jams, marshmallows, gingerbread and kalachi. By the way, jelly was considered not food, but drink. To interest children, I recommend offering them a coloring book. "Russian gingerbread" . It can be said about ritual dishes. This is Easter, krashenki, kutya, pancakes for Maslenitsa.
The project "Traditions of the Russian people": we talk about architecture and life
In the past, wood was the most widely available building material. Huts were built from logs. They had wooden walls, ceilings, rafters for the roof. Russian wooden buildings built without a single nail are known all over the world.
What are the traditions of the Russian people without proverbs? The project can be supplemented with folk sayings about the hut. Ask the children to explain how they understand the meaning of these proverbs. For instance:
- Without holding the ax, you will not cut down the hut.
- The hut is red with corners, and dinner with pies.
- There is no need for an empty castle hut.
If possible, the huts were decorated with carved elements on the roof, platbands, etc. The Russian hut is repeatedly mentioned in fairy tales. Ask the children which ones. For example, Baba Yaga lived in a hut on chicken legs. In The Hare's Hut, a cunning fox chases a hare out of his home. Here there is cartoon on this topic for 6 minutes.
The project "Traditions and Customs of the Russian People" (middle group) will be incomplete without mentioning the stove. They called her the nurse. In the oven they cooked food and baked bread, heated water, it was used for heating. They stoked with firewood, which was harvested and dried in advance. They slept on the stove, washed in it. This is not a joke, a wood-burning stove was used instead of a bath. And the body was rubbed with ashes instead of soap. You can talk about the bath.
Peasant furniture was usually made of wood. These were benches and benches, tables, supplies (high "pencil cases" with shelves for dishes), looms, cradles, chests, beds (flooring for sleeping). Crockery and utensils were made of earthenware and wood. Utensils are rockers, buckets, barrels, baskets, tubs, tubs, troughs, mortars.
The project "Culture and Traditions of the Russian People" would not be complete without mentioning churches. They were also built by craftsmen from wood. The material burns easily and deteriorates from the weather. Therefore, there are very few ancient wooden structures left. Brick was also used, but it was expensive. It was a building material for the rich. The pictures show the golden domes of the churches.
Russian traditions for children: a project about folk crafts
You can talk briefly about embroidery, carving, modeling toys. And you can really separate this topic into a separate project. It will turn out very colorful.
Craftsmen and craftsmen were loved in Russia. They said about them: "Jack of all trades", or "Golden hands". Talented craftsmen carved wood, wove and sewed, made things from ceramics and metal. You can invite children to admire the products of folk crafts - in pictures or in reality. It's just a stretch here!
In the project to familiarize children with the traditions of the Russian people, I propose to add a story about Gzhel, golden Khokhloma, Dymkovo or Filimonov toys, Zhostovo painting. You can interest children by giving things to touch. For example, Tula painted whistles just ask to be whistled in them. And nesting dolls - to be disassembled and reassembled.
Coloring "Russian toys" will help you get used to the shape and traditional colors of painted crafts. Worth every penny, kids love it. Recommend another coloring book "Russian souvenirs" . I myself get a lot of pleasure from it (visual).
The project "Traditions and culture of the Russian people": interesting about clothes
To make clothes, the raw materials had to be prepared independently. Weaving the fabric, dressing the leather, embroidering by hand, cutting and sewing. The traditional men's costume included a shirt and trousers, zipun, caftan, boots or bast shoes. There were also other outerwear - for example, a scroll, an army coat, etc.
Women's costume is much more diverse. The basis was also a shirt. Next, a sundress or poneva (loinclothes such as skirts) was put on. Body warmer, shushpan, fur coats, muffs and much more were used. Stories about kokoshniks, monists, kolts and gaitans often cause delight.
On the topic there is a children's allowance "Russian folk costume" . With it, you can supplement the project for the middle group "Traditions and customs of the Russian people." There are notes of classes on national clothes.
Talking about intangible traditions
In Russia they liked to receive guests. Treat them, persuade them to eat and taste. Krylov wrote about excessive zeal to please in Demyanova's Ear. From the traditions of hospitality, the proverb "In cramped quarters, but not offended" was born. Like, there is enough space for everyone at the table. On the other hand, people's day was full of things to do. Therefore, they said that "An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar."
One of the traditions of hospitality is tea drinking. It can be included in the "Customs and Traditions of the Russian People", a project for a preschool educational institution. Probably everyone has heard the saying: “What, you won’t even drink tea?” Not offering tea to a guest was something unthinkable, and refusing it was insulting. They drank tea with bagels, jams, honey, milk, pastries.
I liked the children's edition “Tea drinking. Acquaintance of children with Russian folk traditions» . In the lesson, you can show the paintings "Birthday in the Garden" by Bogdanov-Belsky, "For Tea" by Makovsky. Tell about the samovar or bring it to class. I love this riddle.
It has water, but it is not a river.
Though with a beak, but not a rook.
He is not a stove, although he is a stove,
The coals made him hot.
And pot-bellied, and good-natured,
He gathered guests for dinner,
Tea is poured, steam is steaming!
Oh, thank you ... (samovar).
If you are doing the project "Traditions and Customs of the Russian People" in kindergarten, it is worth mentioning the gatherings. This is the time when people gathered in one hut and did their own work. They spun, embroidered, planed spoons and sang. This usually happened in the evenings in winter, because in the summer there was a lot of field work. Here are proverbs about labor and work:
- The work of the master is afraid.
- Without effort, you can not catch a fish from a pond.
Russian people celebrated holidays. On the day of the church festival, one had to get up early, put on the best clothes, go to church. After the service, they went home or to nature: to sing, play, dance. They celebrated Christmas time, Maslenitsa, Easter, the Annunciation, Intercession, and other holidays. It can be mentioned that earlier children were called by the name of the saint, whose name day was celebrated in the days closest to the birth. Or older relatives.
Folklore and oral art
In the project in the middle group “Traditions of the Russian people”, I recommend including the theme of games and round dances. It is better to play something with moderate activity - for example, in "Brook" or "Ring-Ring". It is worth doing this in the middle or at the end of the lesson so that the children warm up. By the way, mothers and daughters, hide-and-seek, hide-and-seek, patties - these are all folk games.
Russian folk songs and fairy tales are those that do not have an author. They were composed by the people themselves, passed from the elders to the younger, and so many generations. As part of the project with children "Traditions of the Russian people" you can ask what fairy tales and songs they know. Something to read or offer to sing. Here is a small selection of songs for children . They are common and they are special. For example, wedding, majestic, round dance, lullabies, ditties.
Traditional musical instruments include balalaika, accordion, harp, tambourine, horn, whistles, spoons, firewood (a kind of xylophone). I highly recommend the book Traditions of folk culture in the musical education of children. Russian folk instruments» .
"Traditions of the Russian people": we will do the project!
At the end of the lesson, you can ask the children questions or riddles. I can say for sure: for each methodologist, these projects are different! Because of the selected pictures and text, eyeliners, style and sequence of information presentation. Do not be lazy when choosing material. Let your lesson turn out to be colorful and memorable!
What would you say if your child was given tea from a samovar in kindergarten? Is it dangerous or not? Still, boiling water spills, you never know what. To do so or not to do so? Or is it better to just arrange a tea party with bagels, and bring tea from the kitchen?
I end with this. Reward me for my efforts, like or repost. Especially if the article was helpful. See you soon on my blog!
Sincerely, Tatyana Sukhikh! Till tomorrow!
national culture- this is the national memory of the people, what distinguishes this people among others, keeps a person from depersonalization, allows him to feel the connection of times and generations, receive spiritual support and life support.
mentality- each nation has its own unique properties of mentality, inherent only to it, depending on the mentality of the nation, traditions, rituals, customs and other components of culture are built. The mentality of the Russian people, of course, is qualitatively different from other nationalities, primarily in special hospitality, breadth of traditions and other features.
"tradition", "custom", "rite"- the most important elements of the culture of each nation, these words are familiar to everyone, evoke certain associations in memory and are usually associated with memories of that “gone Russia”. The inestimable value of traditions, customs and rituals is that they sacredly preserve and reproduce the spiritual image of a particular people, its unique features, accumulating all the accumulated cultural experience of many generations of people, bring into our lives all the best of the spiritual heritage of the people. Thanks to traditions, customs and rituals, the peoples most of all differ from one another.
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Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution kindergarten "Solovushka" in Zernograd Customs, rituals and traditions of the Russian people "The farther into the future we enter, the more we value the past ..." Prepared by: educator - Korsunova Lyudmila Viktorovna
Goals and objectives: to cultivate interest in history and folk art; to acquaint with folk traditions, customs, rituals; expanding their understanding of the culture of the Russian people; development of aesthetic and moral perception of the world; give an idea about the structure of the house, the history of folk costume, folk craft, folklore, Russian national cuisine.
National culture is the national memory of the people, what distinguishes this people among others, keeps a person from depersonalization, allows him to feel the connection of times and generations, receive spiritual support and life support. Mentality - each nation has its own unique properties of mentality, inherent only to it, depending on the mentality of the nation, traditions, rituals, customs and other components of culture are built. The mentality of the Russian people, of course, is qualitatively different from other nationalities, primarily in special hospitality, breadth of traditions and other features. “Tradition”, “custom”, “rite” are the most important elements of the culture of every nation, these words are familiar to everyone, evoke certain associations in memory and are usually associated with memories of that “gone Russia”. The inestimable value of traditions, customs and rituals is that they sacredly preserve and reproduce the spiritual image of a particular people, its unique features, accumulating all the accumulated cultural experience of many generations of people, bring into our lives all the best of the spiritual heritage of the people. Thanks to traditions, customs and rituals, the peoples most of all differ from one another.
Maslenitsa (seeing off winter and meeting spring) - lasted a whole week and starting from Thursday of the Maslenitsa week, all work stopped, noisy fun began. We went to visit each other, generously treated ourselves to pancakes, pancakes, pies, and there was also a drink. Wide Maslenitsa - Cheese Week! You came dressed up to us to meet Spring. We will bake pancakes and have fun all week, To drive the cold winter out of the house! Monday - "Meeting" Tuesday - "Flirty" Wednesday - "Gourmet" Thursday - "Razgulyay" Friday "Evenings at the mother-in-law" Saturday - "Sister-in-law's treats" Sunday - "Forgiveness Day" Lush festivities The fair crowns. Goodbye, Maslenitsa, come again!
Easter (the flowering of spring, the awakening of life) - a church holiday On Easter, they decorated the house with cut willows, baked fancy breads (Kulichs, Paskhas), dyed eggs (Krashenki), attended church, went to visit each other, exchanged krashenkas at a meeting, christened ( kissed), greeted each other: "Christ is risen!" - "Truly risen!" Eggs are a symbol of the Sun and the birth of new life. On Easter they danced, walked the streets, rode on a swing, rolled eggs. After the Easter week, on Tuesday they celebrated parental day - they visited cemeteries, brought food to the graves of deceased relatives, including Easter.
Russian hut Russian traditional house consists of two parts: cold (canopy, cage, basement) and warm (where the stove was located). Everything in the house was thought out to the smallest detail and verified over the centuries. The house was built from pine. And the roof was covered with straw or aspen planks. The front end of the roof had a ridge - a sign of aspiration. Only the Russians compared the house to a chariot that should lead the family to a better future. Outside, the houses were decorated with carvings. The tradition of using platbands has been preserved to our times. In the passage, the owners kept various utensils, and in the house itself, the so-called “baby kut” clearly stood out. Where housewives cooked and needlework.
Whatever the tower, no hut - Gilding, yes carving. Tower, tower, tower, It is intricate and tall, It has mica windows, All the architraves are carved, And on the roof of the cockerels Golden combs. And in the railing on the porch, the Master cut out rings, Curls and flowers And painted them by hand. There are carved doors to the tower, On the doors there are flowers and animals, In the tiles on the stove in a row Birds of paradise sit.
Next to the front room A bedroom in the next room, And the bed in it is high, High - up to the ceiling! There are featherbeds, blankets And there are a lot of pillows, And there stands, covered with a carpet, A chest with the mistress's goods.
A Russian stove in a hut There are carved benches on the walls And a carved oak table. Herbs dry near the stove, Collected them in the spring Yes, they boiled the infusion to Drink in the winter from the twigs. The main thing in the house was the stove. The walls are black, smoky, Not beautiful from the inside, But not rotten, and Served kind people from the heart. (furnaces were heated in black)
Red corner in a Russian hut "... Goy you, my dear Russia, Huts, robes in images ..."
Russian towels Towel - a small towel for wiping hands and face, and also hung for decoration in the red corner of the hut. Towel is a symbol of home and family. This is not only a towel, but also an item for ceremonies and rituals. A linen towel embroidered along the edges with large roosters. Cheerful creation of female hands: Two roosters - oblique combs, spurs; They blew the dawn, and around Everything they braided flowers, patterns lay down.
Dishes in Russia
Women's costume: Maiden's shirt, festive headdresses, ponyova National dress Men's suit: Shirt, ports, belt, sermyaga
Bast shoes Bast shoes are one of the most ancient types of footwear. Bast shoes were woven from the bast of various trees, mainly linden (bast shoes), from bast - linden bast, soaked and torn into fibers (bast shoes). Bast shoes were also made from the bark of willow (verzka), willow (willow), elm (elm), birch (birch), oak (oak), from tal (shelyuzhnik), from hemp tows, old ropes (kurps, krutsy, chuni, whisperers ), from horsehair - manes and tails - (hairmen), and even from straw (strawmen).
Russian hospitality Russian hospitality is also an integral part of our cultural traditions. Guests were also always welcome, shared with them the last piece. No wonder they said: “What is in the oven - swords on the table!” Guests were greeted with bread and salt. With the words: "Welcome!" The guest breaks off a small piece of bread, dips it in salt and eats Dear guests we meet with a lush round loaf. He is on a painted saucer With a snow-white towel! We bring you a loaf, Bowing, we ask you to taste!
Russian kitchen
The art of folk crafts is a link between the past and the present, the present and the future. The Russian land is rich in a variety of folk crafts: Gzhel, Khokhloma, Zhostovo, Russian nesting dolls, Palekh, Tula samovars, Vologda lace, Russian enamel, Ural crafts, Pavlovsk Posad shawls and other folk crafts
Russian folklore various works folk art (folklore): vintage lyric songs, wedding, round dance, calendar and ritual, dance; however, in Everyday life ditties, songs, sentences, round dances, games, dances, dramatic scenes, masks, folk costumes, original props, oral folk art - pestles, riddles, fairy tales, sayings and much more ditties prevailed
Russian folk musical instruments Folk instruments in folklore are usually used in the life of shepherds or for certain types of dances and songs. string instruments - balalaika, beep, wind instruments wind instruments - pipe, horn, zhaleyka military pipes, hunting horns, tambourines.
Not a single house in Russia could do without folk amulets. The Russian people believed that amulets reliably protect against diseases, the "evil eye", natural disasters and various misfortunes, to protect the house and its inhabitants from evil spirits, diseases, to attract the brownie and appease him. Going on a long journey, a person took a talisman with him so that the goodness and love invested in him would warm his soul and remind him of his home and family. Protect in Russia
Doll-amulet Russian folk doll is a historical particle of the culture of the peoples of Russia. The doll, as a game image, symbolizes a person, his era, the history of the culture of peoples (Russian rituals and customs). Rag dolls were made in folk traditions using ancient techniques and technologies. Since ancient times, a folk doll has been made from twigs and patches, dry grass. Dolls symbolized everything secret and magical that is in the human soul.
Brownies Brownies - live in houses and yards. In Russia, they believed that not a single house stands without a brownie. The well-being of the house directly depended on a respectful attitude towards the brownie. When moving to a new place, the brownie was always called with him. He was transported in a bast shoes, on a bread shovel or on a broom, while saying “here are those sleighs, go with us. If in which house the Brownie falls in love with the owner, then he feeds and grooms his horses, takes care of everything, and the owner himself weaves his beard into braids . Whose house does not fall in love with, there ruins the owner to the root, transferring his cattle, disturbing him at night, and breaking everything in the house.
If you imagine a family in the form of a tree, then the crown is you, our future, then what pleases the eye of the branch is your parents, the various lines of its descendants, the trunk is your ancestors. And the roots are the ancestor, this is what holds the crown, these are traditions " Genealogical tree» Family tree - a schematic representation of family ties in the form of a tree. A family tree is also called the representation of pedigrees in the form of ascending or descending genealogical tables
Thank you for attention!
Group children's creative project
"Customs and Traditions of the Circassians".
The project was developed by: teacher Khapacheva Saida Makhmudovna
Project type: creative, children's with the participation of educators, pupils kindergarten, parents of pupils, music directors.
Project theme: "Customs and Traditions of the Circassians". Relevance of the topic:
"What you show a child is dear to him" - so the Circassians have long said. Indeed, the wisdom of the people does not require comment. It's great when a child is brought up in the first place, in the spirit of their national traditions and customs. For without knowing one's history, language, art, it is impossible to fully understand and study the culture of another people.
Our teaching staff works to educate and educate children on the traditions of all peoples living on the territory of the Republic of Adygea, introducing preschoolers to folk art, national culture, customs and traditions.
The didactic meaning of creative activity lies in the fact that it helps to connect learning with life, forms creative skills, develops cognitive activity, independence.
Objective of the project:
Introducing children to the cultural heritage, spiritual values of peoples.
Project objectives:
Instill feelings in the next generation
national pride in their native language and culture.
curiosity, desire independent knowledge
and contemplation.
Introducing children of another nationality to the Adyghe
culture, traditions.
Integration of educational areas: Cognition. Artistic creativity. Communication. Reading fiction. Music. Socialization.
Project duration: short.
Project participants: older children and preparatory groups, educators, parents.
Project Implementation Plan:
Conducting consultations for parents on the organization,
preparation and implementation of the project.
Expected Result:
1. Creation of a single innovation space,uniting the teaching staff of preschoolinstitutions.
2. Expanding children's knowledge about the history, traditions and culture of peoples.
3. Development in children of active, independent, creativepersonality.
Project products:
photographic materials,
video footage,
Scenario of the holiday "Customs and traditions of the Circassians",
project folder,
Exhibition of children's works,
Creation of a mini-museum of household items and musical instruments,
TV story.
Scenario
A holiday dedicated to the customs and traditions of the Adyghe people.
Tasks: acquaintance with the Adyghe folk games, songs, dances, with the poetry of the Adyghe writers and poets.
(Music sounds, the leader enters the hall in the dance)
Leading : Oh kup!!! Nepe tizehahe kyek1ol1ag'ekhem zek1emi salam fabe shjosehi. Tizehahe zyfeg'ehhyg'er adyge shen-khabzekhem yazehetyk1e sabykher ne1uase fetsh1yneu ary.
Good afternoon friends! We are glad to welcome you today to our Spring Festival! Guys, you know that our republic is multinational and many people live in it. different peoples.
Leading : Tell me, do you know the name of our republic?
Children : Yes, the Republic of Adygea.
Leading : Right. Do you know what peoples live in our republic?
Children : Adygs, Russians, Armenians, Greeks.
Leading : Well done boys. Each of these peoples honors its language, traditions, and history. So today, we want to invite you to the world of Adyghe culture and show you all the beauty, grandeur and traditions of the Adyghe people.
Our holiday is opened by the guys of the senior group, who have prepared a very beautiful and unusual dance for you.
(Children's dance "Zefak")
Leading : Our holiday continues, and now we will listen to the poems of our Adyghe poets.
(Reading poems by children)
"Adyghe table" was written by Ruslan Nekhay, read by Stepan Kachura
"My Adygea" written by Jafar Chuyako, read by Lunin Matvey and Rudenko Arina
"Adagabzer syan" was written by Iskhak Mashbash, Kushu Amin, Bizhev Samir and Khapachev Rasit read.
Leading : The guys at our holiday are grandmothers, and what they are doing, we will find out now, let's listen to what they are talking about here.
1- I'm granny : Today is a holiday, spring is on the street, everyone is in a good mood, our grandchildren have come to visit, that's how many of them, mashallah! And we are sitting here and sad, let me fry your shawls, and while the shawls are frying, let's sing a beautiful song to our children.
(Grandmothers sing the Adyghe folk song "Ade syda dzhi kyehugger to her").
Leading : Our grandmothers sang a very beautiful song to us. Did you guys like the song?
Children : Yes, I like.
Leading : While the grandmothers were singing, one of them knitted an unusual toy and wants to play with you.
2- I'm granny : The game is called "Het nah psynkG?" ("Who is faster?") Girls will participate in this game.
(A game is being played with the girls.)
2- I'm granny : And the next game is for our boys. Find out who is the strongest and most dexterous of them. The game is called "Hat nah lesh?" ("Who is stronger?")
(The game is played with the boys.)
Leading : Here are some interesting games our grandmothers know, did you like it?
Children : Yeaaah, I liked it.
(While the children are playing folk games, a baby cradle (kush'e) is brought into the hall).
Leading: Children, listen... I think I hear a baby crying.
D-Igrandmother: (He enters the center of the hall with a baby in his arms) Guys, look, we have a baby. Today we will conduct the ceremony of the first bathing of the child.
(A ritual of bathing a child is performed, which is accompanied by the words of the host.)
Leading : After the birth of a child, the rite of the first bath was performed by a "mamyka", which means "kind woman" in translation. How was it done in the old days: they took a copper basin, poured cold water into it, added ashes and threw gold jewelry into this water. What did these attributes mean?
A child was hardened in cold water with ashes. Gold foreshadowed a long and happy life for this child.
The ritual of bathing was accompanied by such complaints: Grow your arms, Walk your legs, Wear your body, Speak your tongue, feed your head!
Then the child was wrapped in a soft diaper, thoroughly dried, then they put on him a "mouse dress" - "tsygyo dzhan", which was not hemmed so that the child's life would not become short. And the water in which the child was bathed was poured into an inaccessible clean place. This ended the rite of bathing the baby.
Leading : Approximately 2 weeks after the birth of the child, the ceremony of placing the child in the cradle was performed.
(The 3rd grandmother performs the rite of laying, accompanied by the words of the host.)
Leading : This ceremony was performed approximately 2 weeks after birth. Here it is important to note what the cradle was made of. It was made from hawthorn. Since the hawthorn was considered the strongest and happiest tree.
In the beginning, a cat was placed in the cradle so that the child could sleep sweetly. An egg was laid there, which foreshadowed the baby a long life.
Wanting to protect the child from the "evil evil eye", the Circassians observed a number of customs: Near the cradle they put a cup with consecrated prayer water and laid an egg there, believing that when an evil spirit appeared, the egg would crack. Therefore, each visitor had to wet his hand with water and wipe the forehead of the child.
As a rule, the ritual "kush'ehapkhe" was accompanied by a lullaby or a lullaby tune. Under the light rocking of the cradle, the child gradually fell asleep.
Leading : So that our child sleeps soundly, let's sing him the song "Glory to the Adyghe language"
(Children sing a song.)
Leading :
leading uy:
Leading : The Circassians have long celebrated the arrival of spring. On this day, a sacred tree was decorated. They tied colorful ribbons on a tree and made a wish for the year to be rich and fruitful.
Guys, come on, and we will tie ribbons on a tree and make a wish.
Children decorate the sacred tree. Sounds folk music "Uj"
leading uy: Here we made our wishes. And now I invite everyone to the dance of friendship "Uj khurai"
Children, teachers, guests dance. The 1st grandmother comes in with a tray.
1- I'm granny : Guys, while you were dancing and having fun, ours is ready. Help yourself. (Distribution of treats)
Leading : Our holiday has come to an end. Goodbye
Review
Preschool age is a bright, unique page in the life of every person. During this period, the process of socialization begins, the connection of the child with the leading spheres of life is established: the world of people, nature. At this age, the formation of the foundations of morality through folk pedagogy, emotional responsiveness is relevant.
The creative short-term project "Customs and Traditions of the Circassians", led by the senior educator of MBDOU No. 16 Kachura O.A., was developed and implemented with the aim of familiarizing children with the cultural heritage, spiritual values of the peoples.
In the process of working on the project, the following tasks were solved:
To form in the younger generation a sense of national
pride in their native language and culture.
To deepen knowledge about the history, traditions and culture of peoples.
To develop creative cognitive activity in children,
curiosity, desire for self-knowledge and
reflection.
Acquaintance with the Adyghe folk games.
Introducing children of another nationality to the Adyghe culture,
traditions.
One of the promising methods that contribute to the familiarization of preschoolers with folk pedagogy is the design method, which allows raising children to be sociable, kind, inquisitive, proactive, striving for independence and creativity. The maximum use of various types of children's activities, their integration, creative organization (creativity), variability in the use of material - these are the keys to success in raising and educating children.
The following project implementation plan was used:
Creating a situation to motivate the start of the project.
^ Conducting consultations for parents on the organization, preparation and implementation of the project.
Conducting conversations with children about the upcoming work.
In the course of working on the project, the children's knowledge of the history, traditions and culture of peoples expanded. They became more active, independent in creative activity. Creative skills were formed, cognitive activity expanded.
The acquired knowledge is reflected in the project products:
photographic materials,
video materials,
exhibition of children's works,
creation of a mini-museum of household items and musical instruments,
^ story on television.
Thus, the project "Customs and Traditions of the Circassians" can be considered effective:
expanded the knowledge of children;
a unified innovation space has been created, uniting
teaching staff of a preschool institution;
At intensified work with parents.
This work is of great practical importance, can be used in working with children in various directions Keywords: social and personal development, cognitive and speech, artistic and aesthetic.
The pedagogical value of this project lies in the fact that it is possible for each child to implement it.
Municipal preschool educational autonomous institution
"Kindergarten No. 18 "Nest" of the combined type of Orsk"
project
"Life and traditions of the Russian people"
Developed
Art. educator VKK MDOAU No. 18
Sharova Olesya Viktorovna
Orsk, 2016
Very often behind events
And behind the hustle and bustle of days
We don't remember our old days
We forget about her.
Became more familiar
We are flying to the moon.
Let's remember
old habits!
Let's remember
our antiquity!
Rationale:
The formation of moral values is the most important indicator of a holistic personality, truly independent and responsible, able to create their own idea of their future. life path. We are increasingly thinking about the future of our children. What lies ahead for them? What spiritual legacy will we leave them? What are the customs and traditions?
Our time is a time of change. Now Russia needs people who are able to make non-standard decisions, who can think creatively. After all, only such individuals will contribute to the development of science, culture, industry and thereby raise the prestige of the country to the proper level.
Therefore, in conditions of emotional inferiority, moral and spiritual poverty of modern society as a whole and of a person in particular, the development of the cultural needs of the individual from early childhood becomes one of the most important tasks of upbringing and education.
According to A.I. Arnoldov, N.P. Denisyuk, L.A. Ibragimova, A.I. Lazarev, V.M. Semenov, introducing new generations to the national culture is becoming an urgent pedagogical issue of our time. Since each nation not only preserves the historically established educational traditions and characteristics, but also seeks to transfer them to the future so as not to lose the historical national face and identity.
Introduction to the traditions of the people is especially significant in the preschool years. The child, according to V.G. Beznosov, V.P. Zenkovsky, D.S. Likhachev, is a future full member of the society, he will have to master, preserve, develop and pass on the cultural heritage of the ethnic group through inclusion in culture and social activity.
The foregoing, as well as the developmental features of children preschool age, which are manifested primarily in the intensive development of thinking and other intellectual processes, a significant change in the motivational sphere, orientation towards social relations in the world of adults, give reason to assume the following: preschool age is the most optimal for the beginning of purposeful education by means of ethnographic culture.
The formation of the foundations of folk culture should be comprehensive, permeate all activities of preschoolers, be carried out in everyday life and in an organized way. educational activities, at events organized in kindergarten and at home.
To familiarize preschoolers with traditional folk culture, life, traditions, certain conditions have been created in the preschool educational institution:
Multifunctional centers in the groups of preschool educational institutions "Center for Disguise", "Center for Solitude", "Center for Books", "Center for Art Activities".
- "Center of the theater", where various types of theaters are located.
Audio library with recordings of folk songs and melodies, fairy tales.
Museum of national life, organization of excursions, photo report of the visit to the local history museum of the city of Orsk - Russian hut.
Organization and holding folk holidays, holidays of the national calendar.
Decorative works - applied arts, painting and household items.
Library with oral folk art, small folklore genres, fiction from different peoples of the world.
Card file of folk games, folk toy and national doll.
The ongoing project "Calendar and Ritual Holidays"
Joint creative activity of children and adults (teachers, parents, narrow specialists) within the framework of the "Autumn Gatherings".
Organization of interactive exhibitions and mini-museums.
The presence of a theoretical base of experience
The traditions of the people are what most fully reflects its spiritual appearance and inner world, the living national memory of the people, the embodiment of the path they have traveled and the unique spiritual experience. What ultimately keeps a person from depersonalization allows him to feel the connection of times and generations. The richest cultural heritage of our ancestors goes back centuries, in the daily experience of creative work and wise, respectful development of the surrounding nature. A special way was formed folk life, closely associated with the annual cycles of renewal and extinction of nature, reflected in its own way in riddles, proverbs and sayings, sincere songs and mischievous ditties, legends and fairy tales. Another, living evidence of the richness of the everyday culture of the Russian people is its customs and holidays, as well as church rites and sacraments. The preservation of this heritage is a noble task that has fallen to the lot of patient workers, collectors and researchers of the national spiritual heritage, such as V.I.Dal, I.S.Sakharov, M.Zabylin, A.N.Afanasiev. In the same row, the name of A.V. Tereshchenko, an outstanding expert on Russian rituals and customs, the author of numerous works on the bright and harmonious world of the folk culture of our ancestors, rightfully deserves to be mentioned.
Researchers of this problem G.V. Alekseeva, K.V. Chistov, T.V. The process of transferring culture reveals the continuity of cultural traditions that go from generation to generation, and the development of culture always involves the development of the very creator of all culture - a person. Speaking of traditional culture, we cannot get away from the concept of "historical memory", just as we cannot get away from ourselves. This broad concept includes all the diversity of folk traditions, national characteristics, spiritual way of life, ceremonies, rituals, holidays, costumes, crafts. It implies such occupations of hundreds of thousands of people by amateur creativity in its traditional forms.
Traditional folk culture is the deep basis of the whole variety of directions, types and forms of culture of modern society. It consolidates all the experience of practical and spiritual activity accumulated over the centuries, through it the most important national ideals, moral principles and moral attitudes are formed, the norms of social relations, family, community, labor relations between generations are regulated.
The fundamental role in the development of a child's spirituality, the formation of a civic position, the assimilation of socio-cultural norms and national cultural traditions belongs to preschool childhood.
Project type: creative, educational.
Project type: family, group.
Expected results:Children have ideas about the traditions, life of the Russian people. They are aware of the role of labor in the life of Russians, they know and keep the historical and spiritual memory, and they are able to apply the knowledge gained in later life. Active participation of parents in the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers
Location:MDOAU "Kindergarten No. 18"
Dates:September - January 2016.
Project participants:
- children and parents of older children,age from 5 to 6 years;
Musical director of MDOAU No. 18 - Kruglova Yu.A., Mikhailichenko E.Yu.
Educators of senior groups - Kolomiets T.N., Didenko O.V.
Teacher-psychologist - Veksel A.V.
Relevance of the topic
V last years The problem of patriotic education of preschool children has become very relevant. It is given great importance in the project "National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation". Among the targets to be formed by the end
preschool age, indicated the mastery of ideas about society,
Its cultural values, about the state and belonging to it.
Currently under patriotic education is understood as the interaction of an adult and children in joint activities and communication, aimed at revealing and forming in a child the universal moral qualities of a person, familiarizing with the origins of the national regional culture, the nature of his native land, cultivating an emotionally effective relationship, a sense of belonging, attachment to others. From preschool age, a child must be brought up as a patriot - a person who has a sense of the Motherland, who loves the country in which he
Born and growing, its traditions, history, culture, language.
The relevance of the organization of project activities is due to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards for the results of teaching and raising children, which involve the formation of their value-semantic orientation and the development of life competence. world, observation and voluntary attention develop, speech enriches and develops, adequate self-esteem, self-control skills and positive relationships with teachers and children are formed.
Main problem:The centuries-old experience of mankind has shown the importance of introducing children to the culture of their people, since the appeal to the paternal heritage brings up respect, pride in the land on which we live.
From this follows an important problem: to awaken in the child those moral feelings and desires that will help him in the future to join the folk culture, life, traditions and be an aesthetically developed personality.
Hypothesis - the formation of the foundations of folk culture should be comprehensive, permeate all activities of preschoolers, be carried out in everyday life, at specially organized educational activities and events organized in kindergarten and at home.
Objective of the project: To form in children ideas about the traditions and life of the Russian people; awakening interest in one of the most beautiful pages of human life, education aesthetic sense, development emotional perception and artistic taste.
Considering, what in Currently, interest in understanding, strengthening and actively promoting national cultural traditions is beginning to grow, she has chosen the theme of her work “Formation of children's knowledge about the culture and life of the Russian people”. I considered it necessary to start by introducing children to the culture, life and traditions of the Russian people, since from communication with parents it turned out that many of them cannot tell about the life of our ancestors and what household items they used, they do not know Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters .
Tasks:
Defined in work with children the following tasks:
- introduce children with features of the life and way of life of the Russian people.
- Give an idea about the wise science of building a Russian hut, the traditional purpose and use of each part of the hut, its everyday and festive decoration; Russian costume.
- To give an idea of the traditional qualities of the character of a Russian person: hospitality, diligence, kindness, respect for elders.
- To help, through acquaintance with the hut, to understand the fairy tale, to reveal some unfamiliar aspects of the life of a village person to a child living in modern urban conditions.
- To instill in the child an interest and love for the history, culture, customs and traditions of their people, to cultivate patriotic feelings.
- To instill love for the native nature, the desire to protect and protect its beauty.
- To expand and activate the vocabulary of children at the expense of native Russian words and concepts, to instill a love for the beauty and wisdom of Russian speech.
Novelty: The peculiarity of my project, in my opinion, is that together with the family we not only learn, master new things, but also work and have an active rest. We work in the same team "Educators-Children-Parents", where parents become active participants in the life of children in kindergarten.
In our work, we rely on the following scientific principles:
The principle of developmental education, the purpose of which is the development of the child.The developing nature of education is realized through the activity of each child in the zone of his proximal development.
Principles of scientific validity and practical applicability. The content of the material should correspond to the main provisions of developmental psychology and preschool pedagogy, while being able to implement preschool education in mass practice;
Comply with the criteria of completeness, necessity and sufficiency, that is, allow solving the set goals and objectives only on the necessary and sufficient material, as close as possible to a reasonable "minimum";
To ensure the unity of the educational, developmental and teaching goals and objectives of the process of educating preschool children, in the process of implementing which such knowledge, skills and abilities are formed that are directly related to the development of preschool children.
Optimality and effectiveness of funds
The main methods of work are visual-auditory, information-receptive and reproductive, which are applied taking into account the principle of didactics (from simple to complex).
visual-auditory methodis the leading method of musical education, since without it the perception of music is impossible. Using this method, we encourage children to compare, compare. For example, a comparison of "live" sound and recording, a comparison of two (three) works that contrast with each other. We offer older children to distinguish between versions of the same work.
Information-receptive methodwe use to transfer knowledge about music, composers, performers, musical instruments, explain the musical works that they listen to, teach them to independently apply mastered performing creative skills and abilities. Using this method, we make poetic comparisons with pictures of nature, metaphors, epithets, which allow us to characterize the connection of sound images with life.
One of the directions conversations - characterization of the emotional-figurative content of music: feelings, moods expressed in the work. The information-reproductive method develops the figurative speech of children. Children begin to understand that music can express not only a cheerful and sad mood, but also a wide variety of feelings and their shades - tenderness, excitement, triumph, light sadness, sorrow, etc.
reproductive methodwe use to consolidate the learned material, repetition. We use tasks of two levels: in the first - we work out ways to apply knowledge according to the model; in the second, children perform variable tasks that require rethinking and creative application of the acquired knowledge.
Methods and techniques of work to familiarize children with Russian folk art
- Memorizing nursery rhymes, jokes, invocations.
- Use of proverbs, riddles, sayings.
- Reading fiction.
- Use of Russian folk songs and dances.
- Conducting Russian folk games.
- The use of Russian folk costumes in holidays and independent activities.
- The use of toys and handicrafts.
- Puppet show performance.
- Playing scenes and episodes of fairy tales.
- A story about folk customs and traditions.
- Examination of illustrations about Russian life.
- Conversations, questions, clarifications
Forms of educational work with children
- Organized classes.
- Team work.
- Holidays and entertainment.
- Observations in everyday life and nature.
- Organization of competitions of drawings and crafts
- Visiting thematic exhibitions
- Watching videos, listening to music.
- Meeting interesting people.
Target orientation
The experience of project activities on the topic "Life and traditions of the Russian people" is addressed to creative teachers and parents who are interested in the problem of interaction between kindergarten and family in introducing children to traditional folk culture.
The main directions of our work:
1. Creating an atmosphere of national life- creation of the interior of the Russian hut "Gornitsa"
Everyone knows that the surrounding objects have a great influence on the formation of the spiritual qualities of the child - they develop curiosity, bring up a sense of beauty. We decided that the children should be surrounded by objects typical of Russian folk life. This will allow children from an early age to feel part of a great nation.
We tried to recreate the main details and furnishings of the Russian hut, conveying the spirit and atmosphere of Russian life. In our room there is a samovar, a cast-iron pot, a tong, wooden spoons and bowls, an iron, a comb, a spindle, a rubel, a yoke, embroidered tablecloths, napkins and other household items, there are also expositions of “Russian Folk Costume”, “Folk Toy”, national embroidery, knitting, weaving, samples of folk crafts: "Khokhloma", "Gestures", "Gorodets".
With what interest the children looked at old things.
Children having fun in role-playing games used household items, played didactic folk games, looked at illustrations, drew, sculpted and much more.
2. Use of folklore(fairy tales, proverbs, sayings, counting books, nursery rhymes, etc.).
In oral folk art, as nowhere else, the features of the Russian character inherent in him were reflected. moral values- ideas about goodness, beauty, truth, fidelity, etc. A special place in such works is occupied by a respectful attitude to work, admiration for the skill of human hands. Due to this, folklore is the richest source of cognitive and moral development of children.
3. Acquaintance with folk art.
The people showed their creative aspirations and abilities only increating itemsnecessary in work and life. However, this world of utilitarian things reflected the spiritual life of the people, their understanding of the world around them - beauty, nature, people, etc. Folk craftsmen did not literally copy nature. Reality, colored by fantasy, gave rise to original images. So fabulously beautiful were born murals on spinning wheels and dishes;patterns in lace and embroidery; fancy toys.
Considering folk art as the basis of national culture, we consider it very important to acquaint pupils with it.
4. Acquaintance with Russian folk games.
Russian folk games attracted our attention not only as a genre of oral folk art. In folk games there is a huge potential for the physical development of the child, and therefore we decided to introduce folk games into the program for organizing children's motor activity.
Stages of project implementation:
I stage. Conceptual (from September 01 to September 15, 2015) - substantiation of the relevance of the topic, motivation for its choice. Formulation of tasks and goals of the project.
Holding a parent round table on the topic: "Traditions of the Russian people."
Familiarization with the content of books. Reading cognitive and fiction.
primary monitoring.
Parent survey.
Involving parents in the collection of materials: videos, illustrations, etc.
Invite parents to create a project: "Traditions and life of the Russian people"
Stage II. Formative (from September 16 to January 20, 2016) - activities in accordance with the approved content of the project plan
Lessons according to the plan.
Conversations.
Reading cognitive and fiction.
Listening to classical music.
Watching videos, presentations.
Excursion to the Russian hut.
Holding exhibitions of works from vegetables and fruits, an exhibition of drawings, a competition for the best recipe of my grandmother.
Stage III. Reflection (from January 20 to January 31, 2016) - generalization and systematization of the knowledge gained by pupils, summing up in the discussion of activities in the children's team.
Monitoring.
Making the album "Traditions of the Russian people" together with children and parents.
Open lesson "Life and traditions of the Russian people"
Release of information to the site
Project presentation
Activities with children
Lesson "Mother Russia".
Purpose: To acquaint children with how our homeland used to be called and why.
Conversation on the painting "Peasant family".
Excursion to local history museum city of Orsk Russian hut
Viewing the presentation "Russian hut".
Purpose: To introduce the life of a peasant family.
Organization of the photo exhibition “And there is no end to surprise when nature has golden autumn”
Purpose: To develop aesthetic perception, the ability to see the beauty of nature.
Reading the Russian folk tale "Tops and Roots".
Viewing the presentation "The work of the peasants."
Purpose: To acquaint the peasants with the work.
Reading the works of Bianchi.
Purpose: Show based works of art the author's love for his native nature.
Exhibition of children's drawings "Golden Autumn"
Conversation "Mother - Osenins".
Purpose: To introduce children to one of the main holidays of the autumn period.
Listening to Tchaikovsky's The Four Seasons.
Purpose: To show, on the basis of musical works, the author's love for his native nature.
Lesson "Proverbs and sayings associated with the autumn period."
Purpose: To introduce children to small folklore forms. Learn to understand the essence of proverbs and sayings.
Conversation "Zimki on Pokrov - the period of weddings"
Purpose: To tell the children about the Veil and the traditions associated with this day.
Conversation "Women's autumn work"
Purpose: To acquaint children with the work that women did in the autumn.
Application "Decorate a towel"
Round dance game "Kapustinsky round dances"
Purpose: To introduce children to the round dance games of the autumn period.
Drawing "Painting a spoon"
Listening to Russian folk songs.
Purpose: To show, on the basis of folk songs, the life and life of the Russian people.
The game is fun for the Boyars.
Purpose: To show children how they rested in the old days.
An evening of riddles about the autumn period, harvest, household utensils, etc.
Purpose: To consolidate the names of vegetables, fruits, household utensils, etc. with children.
Viewing the presentation "Russian National Costume"
Purpose: To give children an idea of the Russian national costume.
Drawing "Paint a sundress and a shirt."
Drawing "Paint the kokoshnik".
Monitoring.
The final event of the project "Life and traditions of the Russian people" "Traditions of our people in the autumn period."
Purpose: To consolidate children's knowledge about the traditions of the Russian people in the autumn.
Events with parents
Campaign "Make a collage about the traditions of your family"(Children make a collage with their parents and decorate it colorfully.)
Purpose: To involve parents in the project. Develop children's curiosity.
Release for parents of the folder-slider "Traditions of the Russian people".
Round table "Traditions of the Russian people"
Purpose: To involve parents in creating a book about the traditions of the Russian people
Exhibition of works from vegetables and fruits.
Invite parents to read the following works of art to their children:A. Pushkin "A sad time!" , A. Pushkin “Autumn” (excerpt), I. Demyanov “Autumn”, I. Demyanov “Raindrops are flying”, N. Nekrasov “Glorious Autumn”, A. Fet “The swallows are gone”, short stories M. Prishvina about autumn, Russians folk tales"Smart worker", "Flying ship", "Seven Simeons - seven workers", "Porridge from an ax", "Two brothers", "Sivka-burka", "Plowman".
Watch with children the cartoon "Autumn Ships", "Autumn Cares".
Pick up and write down the names of fairy tales that talk about the value of labor, its significance in our lives
Competition for the best recipe for my grandmother's porridge.
Give parents the task of finding material for the album "Traditions of the Russian people in the autumn period."
Performance at the start of the project
- children do not have knowledge about the diversity of cultural traditions, they are not able to correlate the features of the life of the people with their cultural traditions, in particular the content of folk holidays, they do not realize their originality and the value of each of the folk cultures.
- children's knowledge of what is not included in the circle of their daily environment is superficial, fragmentary and scattered. Many did not show emotional responsiveness when looking at photographs of situations that did not have personal significance for them.
- children are practically not familiar with the cultural traditions of their people.
- Most of the children showed an active interest in the culture and traditions of their people and an interest in folk holidays.
- Most of the children focused on photographs, illustrations depicting the features of life, cultural traditions of their people, but rarely showed emotional responsiveness when perceiving objects that did not have personal significance.
- A small percentage of children were able to sing a lullaby and a Russian folk song, a chants, remember the drawing of lots or name a holiday.
Conclusion: Summing up the results of our survey, we were convinced that the children could not answer some questions, and some were difficult to answer. We came to the conclusion that work in this direction should be planned and systematic.
Secondary monitoring will be carried out at the end of November.
MONITORING.
At the initial stage of our work, we revealed the level of knowledge of children about the traditions of the Russian people in the senior group.
Criteria for a diagnostic map.
High level
Uses in active speech nursery rhymes, jokes, proverbs and sayings, riddles, counting rhymes, figurative expressions.
He knows folk signs, knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs and make appropriate conclusions.
Knows epic and fairytale heroes, knows how to recognize them in works of fine art and artistic creativity
Knows the names of seasonal holidays. Knows how to explain what kind of holiday it is and when it happens.
Can play in mobile and round dance folk games.
Knows the history of Russian folk costume, distinguishes between hats (women's, girls', men's)
Average level.
Knows nursery rhymes, jokes, riddles, counting rhymes, figurative expressions and uses them in speech
Knows folk signs and notices them in everyday life
Knows the name of some folk holidays and takes part in them
Knows Russian folk outdoor games and knows how to explain the rules of some of them
Knows some elements of the Russian folk costume and distinguishes between headdresses
Low level.
Knows nursery rhymes, proverbs, signs, riddles, counting rhymes and sometimes uses them in speech
Knows folk tales
Knows the name of some holidays, but takes a passive part in them
Knows 2-3 outdoor games and knows how to explain the rules to them
Diagnostic results at the end of the project
In children:
- children showed independent attempts to communicate about what they saw, with peers and adults.
- children have ideas about the value and originality of folk culture, but in a situation of choice, children still prefer familiar holidays.
- children familiar with folk holidays, as a rule, name the festive rites and traditions of their native people.
- most of the children showed an active interest in the culture and traditions of their people and an interest in folk holidays.
- children are familiar with a variety of holiday traditions, folklore.
- they can highlight the similarities and differences of holidays, are able to explain what this or that holiday means, that is, they can correlate cultural traditions with the peculiarities of life, living conditions.
- children have an active interest, as in the culture of their own people, children are interested in cultural traditions that are directly related to them, have been experienced by them.
- Children show initiative, independence, a desire to reflect in their play and activities the knowledge gained about the cultural traditions of the family.
For parents:
- We got acquainted with the culture and traditions of our people, the specifics of folk holidays through active forms of interaction between the teacher and children.
- We got acquainted with the traditions of folk holidays and the principles of organizing education in the family, aimed at familiarizing children with traditional folk culture and forming a tolerant attitude towards the culture of various peoples.
- The sphere of participation of parents in the organization of the educational process in the group has expanded, parents are actively involved in the life of the group and kindergarten.
- In the kindergarten, together with their parents, a museum of folk life and culture was created, in which children had the opportunity to get acquainted with the features of the home and way of life.
- A card file of mobile folk games and folklore, a folk toy and a national doll have been created.
- Scripts for the holidays "Christmas", "Maslenitsa", "Easter" and "Trinity" were compiled.
Conclusion: At the end of the project “Life and Traditions of the Russian People”, children expressively read poetry, know national dances, songs, folk games. The result of the work with the children of our kindergarten was the final event "Traditions of our people in the autumn" at which the children showed practically good knowledge in mastering folklore material.
CONCLUSION
In the process of implementing the project, preschoolers received extensive knowledge about the history of peasant dwelling- the hut, about its structure, about the life of the peasants.
Children got acquainted with ancient household items and their modern counterparts, got the opportunity to use these items in practice. The vocabulary of pupils was enriched with the names of objects of Russian life.
The children took part in making the model of the hut, its decoration: they made furniture, utensils, windows and doors.
In the classes of the "Skillful Hands" circle, children were introduced to the basics of crafts that were considered "female" and "male" in Russia.
All this undoubtedly contributed to the development of thinking, broadening the horizons of preschoolers and fostering respect and love for Russian folk culture.
State Educational Institution "Zolinsky special (correctional) boarding school for orphans and children left without parental care, with disabilities"
The project was developed by the teacher Volochay S.A.
With. Zolino
year 2013
Brief summary of the project
This project is the organization of work to familiarize pupils with the peoples of Russia and their traditions and customs, understanding the significance of work to familiarize pupils with folk traditions and customs, understanding the importance of preserving the cultural values of the Russian people. This work was carried out partially through search-research, integrative activities in the process of various forms of work aimed at expanding the potential of children's creative abilities, correcting the emotional and volitional sphere of pupils, revealing the abilities of each pupil, based on his capabilities through the activation of children's life activity during extracurricular time. When planning work on the project, we created the most adequate model of activity so that its content, forms and methods of implementation would contain various situations that the child is able to resolve, and their resolution would guide his development.
Relevance
The events of the present time confirm that the instability of the economic sphere, the social differentiation of society, the devaluation of spiritual values have a negative impact on the public consciousness of the majority of social and age groups of the country's population. Indifference, selfishness, cynicism, unmotivated aggressiveness, disrespect for the state and social institutions, and nationalism have become widespread in the public mind. The gradual loss by our society of the traditionally Russian patriotic consciousness has become more and more noticeable.
Therefore, the idea arose to develop a project on this topic, because knowledge of the customs and traditions of the peoples living in Russia, cultivating the ability to respect the positions and values of other people has great importance to shape the child's personality. And joint work introduces a child with disabilities to work. The affairs of such a child are small and simple, but they are of great importance for the possibility of more successful socialization in society.
Target:
Raising a sense of patriotism through acquaintance with the traditions and customs of the Russian people
Tasks:
Development of goodwill and emotional and moral responsiveness, understanding and empathy with the feelings of other people;
Raising the desire to learn the culture of their people, through acquaintance with the traditions and customs of the peoples of the North;
development of the skill of monologue speech;
