Art is a reflection of creativity, a way to capture, reproduce thoughts, fantasies and reality, requiring special skill. Art occupies one of the leading positions in human life. This is one of the main ways to express yourself, it forms the inner world of a person, his spiritual values, fills life. They can describe and express their emotions, feelings, encourage action and development.
Art is the soul of mankind, which originated from ancient times, when people expressed themselves in rock art. Almost every person knows from childhood the beautiful classical works of Tchaikovsky, Mozart, Bach, paintings by the unsurpassed Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, authors of literary works, as well as monuments of architecture and sculpture. Art contains feelings that a person tries to convey to the world.
Psychology of art
To various directions The activities that psychology deals with also include art. The psychology of art considers how the creation and perception of works affects the life of a person. It explores the motives that encourage creativity, the process itself, the author's abilities, his feelings and experiences at the time of the creation of the work. The creators transferred their life problems to music, works, to the canvas, equated themselves with the characters they created. In art, the formation of the personality of the author himself, which can be traced by psychology, takes place. It also studies and analyzes how the impact of certain works makes a different impression on people, causes different emotions.
Vygotsky "Psychology of Art" made a huge contribution to the development of this science with his work. He characterized the theory of art and gave rise to a new direction in this area.
Types and functions of art
There are three types of art:
- spatial: painting, architecture, sculpture, graphics;
- temporary: literary works, music
- spatio-temporal: dance, cinematography, television art, circus.
Each type includes many subspecies, as well as genres. One of the functions of art is to convey information, emotions and feelings that can affect mood. It can also be used for medicinal purposes, art therapy is quite common. Often, psychologists, based on the drawings of patients, can draw certain conclusions about his mental and emotional health, because the drawing conveys an inner vision of the world.
Man is the main theme of almost all creations. Perfect images of personality are created in the art of any era. Since ancient times, feats have been sung, ideal body proportions have been drawn, and perfect sculptures have been created.
Art is one of the important stages in human evolution, participates in the formation of public opinion and different points of view. It relentlessly haunts us all our lives, in it we find new knowledge, pleasure, answers to important and interesting questions. It is usually in tune with our thoughts. Of all the diversity that art provides, a person finds to his liking what is closest and most understandable to him.
Music has a great influence on a person. She is able to pacify and excite the feelings of a person, immerse herself in her thoughts, relieve stress and tension. Music affects emotions, makes you cry or rejoice. Listening to classical music can increase mental abilities or cure a person of certain ailments, and in nursing mothers, increase milk production.
A person in art is imprinted for centuries. People die, but art remains, passes through years and centuries, tells future generations about past worldviews, transfers to the world when the work was created, helps to feel the atmosphere of that time and tradition. Each era brings its own changes to art, brings something new, complements. A person must want to take art into himself so that it has a beneficial effect on him and conveys the true meaning of his destiny.
Was last modified: April 20th, 2019 by Elena Pogodaeva
Art is one of the main forms of the spiritual culture of mankind, which arose in ancient times. So, already in the era of the Upper Paleolithic, 40 thousand years ago, there was "cave art" - wonderful rock engravings and paintings in which our distant ancestors depicted animals and hunting scenes.
Later sculpture, music, architecture, theatre, fiction. These are classic art forms that are thousands of years old. The development of forms and types of art continues in our time. AT modern world, thanks to the development of technology, some new types of art have appeared, for example, the art of cinema, art photography, and now the art of computer graphics is emerging.
All this suggests that a person's life is impossible without art, that it meets some of his deepest needs. To explain its character, we must remember that man is an active being. Through their activities, people master the world around them and transform it.
There are three main forms of human exploration of the world:
practical-active- it is governed by such general needs and goals as benefit and good;
cognitive - its purpose is true;
artistic- serves as its value the beauty.
Therefore, it is possible to determine art like a way development and transformation of the world according to the laws of beauty.
The specifics of art is to represent reality through artistic images, that is, in a specific sensual form, and not with the help of concepts and theories as in scientific knowledge. This is evident in painting or sculpture. But even literature, although the figurative side is not striking in it, differs essentially from knowledge. For example, historians or sociologists, studying the society of nobility in XIX Russia, describe and explain it with the help of such concepts as "estate", "serfdom", "autocracy", etc. In contrast, Pushkin and Gogol brilliantly portrayed the essence of this society in images Onegin and Tatyana, Chichikov and a series of landowners from " dead souls". These are two different, but complementary ways of knowing and reflections of reality. The first is to discover general, natural in the studied reality, the second - on the expression of reality through personal images, through the consciousness and experiences of individual characters.
The role of art in human lifeand societies is determined by the fact that it is addressed to the human consciousness in its entirety. Artistic creativity and the perception of works of art gives a person a deeper understanding and knowledge of life. But at the same time art affects him the senses, experiences, develop it emotional area. We have already noted the great role of art in shaping moral ideas person. And, of course, the perception of works of art gives people aesthetic enjoyment, experience beautiful, and also makes them complicit creativity artist.
In all these respects, art has great power, not without reason Dostoevsky said: "Beauty will save the world."
Ideas about the role of art have changed throughout history. The important role of art was already recognized in ancient society. For example, Plato and Aristotle believed that art should purify the soul from base passions and elevate it. They assigned a special role in this to music and tragedy.
In the Middle Ages, the main role of art was seen in subordination to the tasks of worship. Art played, for example, a very significant role in the design of churches and in the religious rites of Orthodoxy.
During the Renaissance, art, especially painting, took center stage in spiritual culture. Leonardo da Vinci considered art as a "mirror" of the world and even put painting above science. Many thinkers of this era saw in art the freest and most creative activity of man.
In the Age of Enlightenment, the moral and educational function of art was emphasized above all.
In the XX century. many thinkers began to talk about the crisis of art, about the fact that contemporary art is losing its functions in society. For example, German philosopher culture of the early 20th century. O. Spengler believed that modern western culture enters the period of decline. High classical art gives way to technical arts, mass spectacles, sports. Modern art is losing its harmony and figurativeness; abstract painting appears, in which the integral image of a person disappears.
Kinds of art. The study of art, the classification of its various types is engaged in a special philosophical science - aesthetics. Types of art can be distinguished by the material in which artistic images are embodied. These are sound in music, lines and colors in graphics and painting, stone and form in sculpture and architecture, movement in dance, etc. Each material requires its own means, its own "language". This is evidenced by the fact that the content of works of one type of art cannot be adequately conveyed in the language of another type.
The famous German philosopher and esthetician F. Schelling in early XIX in. proposed a classification of the main types of art, which remains important today. Schelling considered art to be the highest, most creative human activity. He argued that all kinds
arts have a single foundation - mythology, and that all the arts are interconnected and express a single idea of beauty.
Schelling divided the arts into real and ideal. Real - music, painting, plastic (architecture and sculpture). Ideal - literature and poetry. Music is an expression of the rhythm and harmony of the world. Painting is the first form of art that reproduces images. Art, synthesizing music and painting, Schelling sees in plastic. He poetically called architecture "frozen music".
Literature and poetry use the word - the freest and richest means of expression. Therefore, they are above the arts that use sound, stone or color to express artistic ideas. Schelling considered poetry to be the highest form of artistic creativity, expressing the essence of art in general.
Elite, folk and mass art. Art, and in a certain respect spiritual culture as a whole, can also be subdivided according to a different, sociological principle. From this point of view, art is divided into high (elitist), folk and mass.
For centuries, high art was mainly produced and consumed by a rather narrow elite of society - its privileged classes.
folk art - folk songs, dances, carnivals, folklore, popular prints, household decorative crafts, etc. - developed within the framework of customs and rituals and existed in an unwritten form. This type of art expresses the deep aesthetic needs of the people, often within the framework of folk art, genuine masterpieces arise. Folk art is characteristic primarily for traditional society; in modern society, there is not much room left for it.
The emergence of mass culture and related art is associated with the establishment of industrial civilization, the growth of cities, technical progress, which led to the emergence of photography, radio, cinema, television. This led to the emergence of new ways of producing and consuming art. The main genres of mass art are melodrama, detective story, science fiction, variety art, circus, musical, rock music, etc. The main purpose of this art is to give entertainment, to cause thrills.
The quality of mass art, as a rule, is low. Unlike folk art, mass art is created not by the people, but for the people. It is created by professionals who often act not so much as artists, but as businessmen. Their merchandise is often "kitsch," a gaudy mass production of endless soap operas. There is now an entire industry of mass culture for the production of such art. At the same time, some art theorists note that in modern society with its "postmodern culture" the line between high and mass art is beginning to blur.
Introduction 3
1. The essence of art and its place in human life and society 4
2. The emergence of art and its necessity for man 8
3. The role of art in the development of society and human life 13
Conclusion 24
References 25
Introduction
Man comes into contact with art every day. And usually not in museums. From birth and throughout life, people are immersed in art.
The building of a hotel, station, shop, apartment interior, clothing and jewelry can be works of art. But they may not be. Not every painting, statue, song or porcelain service is considered a masterpiece. There is no recipe where it would be precisely stated what and in what proportions must be combined to make a work of art. However, you can develop your ability to feel and appreciate the beautiful, which we often call taste.
What is art? Why does it have such magical power over a person? Why do people travel thousands of kilometers to see with their own eyes the great works of world art: palaces, mosaics, paintings? Why do artists create their creations, even if it seems that no one needs them? Why are they willing to risk their well-being in order to realize their plan?
Art is often called a source of pleasure. From century to century, millions of people enjoy the images of beautiful human bodies on the canvases of Raphael. But the image of Christ, crucified and suffering, is not intended for enjoyment, and yet this plot has been common to thousands of painters for many centuries...
It is often said that art reflects life. Of course, this is largely true: often the accuracy, the recognizability of what the artist depicts, is amazing. But it is unlikely that a simple reflection of life, its copying, would cause such a strong interest in art and admiration for it.
In this essay we will consider the place and role of art in human life.
1. The essence of art and its place in the life of man and society
The word "art" in Russian and many other languages is used in two senses - in a narrow sense (a specific form of practical-spiritual exploration of the world), and in a broad sense - as highest level craftsmanship, skills, regardless of the sphere in which they manifest themselves (military leadership, the skill of a surgeon, shoemaker, etc.) (2, p. 9).
In this essay, we are interested in the analysis of art in the first, narrow sense of the word, although both senses are historically interconnected.
Art as an independent form of social consciousness and as a branch of spiritual production grew out of the production of the material, was originally woven into it as an aesthetic, purely utilitarian moment. A person, emphasized A.M. Gorky, is an artist by nature, and he strives to bring beauty everywhere in one way or another (1, p. 92). The aesthetic activity of a person is constantly manifested in his work, in everyday life, in public life, and not only in art. There is an aesthetic assimilation of the world by a social person.
Art implements a number of social functions.
First, it is its cognitive function. Works of art are a valuable source of information about complex social processes, sometimes about those, the essence and dynamics of which science grasps much more difficult and belatedly (for example, turns and fractures in the public consciousness).
Of course, not everyone in the surrounding world is interested in art, and if they are, then in varying degrees, and the very approach of art to the object of its knowledge, the angle of its vision is very specific in comparison with other forms of social consciousness. Man has always been and remains the general object of knowledge in art. That is why art in general and, in particular, fiction are called human studies, a textbook of life, and so on. This emphasizes another important function of art - educational, that is, its ability to have an indelible impact on the ideological and moral development of a person, his self-improvement, or, conversely, his fall.
And yet, the cognitive and educational functions are not specific to art: these functions are performed by all other forms of social consciousness. The specific function of art, which makes it art in the true sense of the word, is its aesthetic function. Perceiving and comprehending a work of art, we do not just assimilate its content (like the content of physics, biology, mathematics), we pass this content through our heart, our emotions, give sensually concrete images created by the artist an aesthetic assessment as beautiful or ugly, sublime or base, tragic or comic. Art forms in us the very ability to give such aesthetic assessments, to distinguish the truly beautiful and sublime from all kinds of ersatz.
Cognitive, educational and aesthetic in art are merged together. Thanks to the aesthetic moment, we enjoy the content of a work of art, and it is in the process of enjoyment that we are enlightened and educated. In this regard, they sometimes talk about the hedonistic function of art (from the Greek "hedone" - pleasure).
For many centuries in the socio-philosophical and aesthetic literature the debate continues about the relationship between beauty in art and reality. This reveals two main positions. According to one of them (in Russia, N.G. Chernyshevsky proceeded from it in his dissertation "On the Aesthetic Relations of Art to Reality"), the beautiful in life is always and in all respects higher than the beautiful in art (1, p. 94). In this case, art appears as a copy of the typical characters and objects of reality itself and a surrogate for reality. Obviously, an alternative concept is preferable (Hegel, A.I. Herzen, etc.): the beautiful in art is higher than the beautiful in life, because the artist sees more sharply, farther, deeper, feels more powerful and more colorful than his future viewers, readers, listeners, and that is why can ignite, inspire, straighten them with his art. Otherwise, in the function of a surrogate or even a duplicate, society would not need art (4, p. 156).
Each form of social consciousness reflects objective reality in a specific way, inherent to it alone.
A specific result of the theoretical reflection of the world is a scientific concept. It is an abstraction: in the name of knowing the deep essence of an object, we abstract not only from its directly sensually perceived, but also from many logically deduced features, if they are not of paramount importance. Another thing is the result of an aesthetic reflection of reality. As such, there is an artistic, concrete-sensual image, in which a certain degree of abstraction (typing) is combined with the preservation of concrete-sensual, individual, often unique features of the reflected object.
Hegel wrote that "sensual images and signs appear in art not only for the sake of themselves and their direct manifestation, but in order to satisfy the highest spiritual interests in this form, since they have the ability to awaken and affect all the depths of consciousness and evoke their response in spirit" (4, p. 157). Revealing the specifics of artistic thinking in comparison with other forms of social consciousness, this definition, in full accordance with the main paradigm of the Hegelian philosophical system, leads to the conclusion about the artistic image as an expression of an abstract idea in a concrete-sensual form. In reality, the artistic image captures not an abstract idea in itself, but its concrete carrier, endowed with such individual features that make the image lively and impressive, not reducible to the same-order images already known to us. Let us recall, for example, the Artamonovs by M. Gorky and the Forsytes by D. Galsworthy (5).
Thus, unlike the scientific concept, the artistic image reveals the general in the individual. Showing the individual, the artist reveals in it the typical, that is, the most characteristic of the entire type of depicted social or natural phenomena.
The individual in the artistic image is not just interspersed with the general, it "revives" it. It is the individual in a genuine work of art that grows up to the concept of type, image. And the brighter, more accurately small, individual, specific details are noticed, the wider the image, the broader generalization it contains. The image of Pushkin's Miserly Knight is not only a specific image of a greedy old man, but also a denunciation of the very greed and cruelty. In Rodin's sculpture "The Thinker" the viewer sees something more than a specific image recreated by the author.
In connection with the fusion of the rational and concrete-sensual in the image and the emotional impact of art derived from this, the artistic form acquires special significance. In art, as in all spheres of the world around us, the form depends on the content, is subordinate to it, serves it. Nevertheless, this well-known proposition must be emphasized, bearing in mind the thesis of representatives of formalist aesthetics and formalist art about a work of art as a "pure form", a self-sufficient "play of form", etc. At the same time, the scientific understanding of art has always been alien to a nihilistic attitude towards form, and even any belittling of its active role in the system of the artistic image and the work of art as a whole. It is impossible to imagine a work of art in which the content would not be expressed in an artistic form.
In different types of art, the artist has different means of expressing content. In painting, sculpture, graphics - this is color, line, chiaroscuro; in - music - rhythm, harmony; in literature - the word, etc. All these means of representation constitute elements of the artistic form, with the help of which the artist embodies his ideological and artistic conception. The form of art is a very complex formation, all elements of which are naturally interconnected. In Raphael's painting, Shakespeare's drama, Tchaikovsky's symphony, Hemingway's novel, one cannot arbitrarily change the construction of the plot, character, dialogue, composition, one cannot find another solution to harmony, color, rhythm, so as not to violate the integrity of the whole work.
2. The emergence of art and its necessity for man
Art as a special area human activity, with its independent tasks, special qualities, served by professional artists, became possible only on the basis of the division of labor. The creation of arts and sciences - all this was possible only with the help of an intensified division of labor, which had as its basis a large division of labor between the masses engaged in simple physical labor and a few privileged ones who manage work, are engaged in trade, state affairs, and later also science and art. . The simplest, completely spontaneous form of this division of labor was precisely slavery” (2, p. 13).
But since artistic activity is a peculiar form of cognition and creative work, then its origins are much more ancient, since people worked and in the process of this work cognized the world around them long before the division of society into classes. Archaeological discoveries over the past hundred years have discovered numerous works of fine art by primitive man, the prescription of which is estimated at tens of thousands of years. These are rock paintings; figurines made of stone and bone; images and ornamental patterns, carved on pieces of deer antlers or on stone slabs. They are found in Europe, and in Asia, and in Africa, these are works that appeared long before a conscious idea of \u200b\u200bartistic creativity could arise. Very many of them, reproducing mainly figures of animals - deer, bison, wild horses, mammoths - are so vital, so expressive and true to nature that they are not only precious historical monuments, but also retain their artistic power to this day (2, p. 14).
The material, objective nature of works of fine art determines especially favorable conditions for a researcher of the origin of fine art in comparison with historians studying the origin of other types of art. If the initial stages of the epic, music, dance have to be judged mainly by indirect data and by analogy with the work of modern tribes that are at the early stages of social development (the analogy is very relative, which can be relied on only with great care), then the childhood of painting, sculpture and graphics rise before our eyes.
It does not coincide with the childhood of human society, that is, the most ancient epochs of its formation. According to modern science, the process of humanization of ape-like human ancestors began even before the first glaciation of the Quaternary era and, therefore, the "age" of mankind is approximately one million years. The first traces of primitive art date back to the Upper Paleolithic, which began about a few tens of millennia BC. e. It was a time of comparative maturity of the primitive communal system: the man of this era in his physical constitution was no different from modern man, he already spoke and knew how to make rather complex tools from stone, bone and horn. He led a collective hunt for a large animal with a spear and darts. Clans united into tribes, matriarchy arose.
More than 900 thousand children had to pass, separating ancient people from a man of the modern type, before the hand and brain were ripe for artistic creation.
Meanwhile, the manufacture of primitive stone tools dates back to much more ancient times of the Lower and Middle Paleolithic. Already Sinanthropes (whose remains were found near Beijing) reached a fairly high level in the manufacture of stone tools and knew how to use fire. People of a later, Neanderthal type processed tools more carefully, adapting them to special purposes. Only thanks to such a “school”, which lasted for many millennia, did the necessary flexibility of the hand, the fidelity of the eye and the ability to generalize the visible, highlighting in it the most essential and character traits, - that is, all those qualities that manifested themselves in the wonderful drawings of the Altamira cave. If a person did not exercise and refine his hand, processing such difficult-to-process material as stone for food, he would not be able to learn to draw: without mastering the creation of utilitarian forms, he could not create an artistic form. If many and many generations had not concentrated the ability of thinking on the capture of the beast - the main source of life for primitive man - it would not have occurred to them to depict this beast.
So, firstly, “labor is older than art” and, secondly, art owes its origin to labor. But what caused the transition from the production of exceptionally useful, practically necessary tools to the production of “useless” images along with them? It was this question that was most debated and most confused by bourgeois scholars, who strove at all costs to apply I. Kant's thesis about the "purposelessness", "disinterest", "intrinsic value" of the aesthetic attitude to the world to primitive art.
K. Bucher, K. Gross, E. Grosse, Luke, Breuil, W. Gausenstein and others who wrote about primitive art argued that primitive people engaged in "art for art's sake", that the first and defining stimulus for artistic creativity was the innate human desire for play (2, p. 15).
Theories of “play” in their various varieties were based on the aesthetics of Kant and Schiller, according to which the main sign of aesthetic, artistic experience is precisely the desire for “free play of appearances” - free from any practical goal, from logical and moral evaluation.
“Aesthetic creative impulse,” wrote Schiller, “imperceptibly builds in the midst of the terrible realm of forces and in the midst of the sacred realm of laws a third, cheerful realm of play and appearance, in which it removes the shackles of all relationships from a person and frees him from everything that is called coercion as in the physical and in the moral sense” (2, p. 16).
Schiller applied this basic position of his aesthetics to the question of the origin of art (long before the discovery of genuine monuments of Paleolithic creativity), believing that the “fun kingdom of play” was already being erected at the dawn of human society: “... now the ancient German is looking for more brilliant animal skins, more magnificent horns, more elegant vessels, and the Caledonian seeks out the most beautiful shells for his festivities. But, content with the fact that a surplus of the aesthetic has been introduced into the necessary, the free impulse to play finally breaks completely with the fetters of need, and beauty itself becomes the object of human aspirations. He decorates himself. Free pleasure is credited to his need, and useless soon becomes the best part of his joy. However, this view is refuted by the facts.
It cannot be denied that colors, lines, as well as sounds and smells, also affect the human body - some in an irritating, repulsive way, others, on the contrary, strengthen and contribute to its correct and active functioning. One way or another, this is taken into account by a person in his artistic activity, but in no way lies at its basis. The impulses that forced Paleolithic man to draw and carve figures of animals on the walls of caves, of course, have nothing to do with instinctive impulses: this is a conscious and purposeful creative act of a being who has long since broken the chains of blind instinct and embarked on the path of mastering the forces of nature, and therefore, and understanding of these forces.
Man draws the beast: in this way he synthesizes his observations on him; he more and more confidently reproduces his figure, habits, movements, his various states. He formulates his knowledge in this drawing and reinforces it. At the same time, he learns to generalize: in one image of a deer, features observed in a number of deer are transmitted. This in itself gives a huge impetus to the development of thinking. It is difficult to overestimate the progressive role of artistic creativity in changing the consciousness of man and his relationship to nature. The latter is now not so dark for him, not so encrypted - little by little, still groping, he studies it.
Thus, primitive fine arts are at the same time the germs of science, more precisely, primitive knowledge. It is clear that at that infantile, primitive stage of social development these forms of cognition could not yet be dissected, as they were dismembered in later times; at first they acted together. It was not yet art in the full scope of this concept and was not knowledge in the proper sense of the word, but something in which the primary elements of both were inseparably combined (3, p. 72).
In this regard, it becomes understandable why early art pays so much attention to the beast and relatively little to man. It is aimed primarily at the knowledge of external nature. At the very time when animals have already learned to depict remarkably realistically and vividly, human figures are almost always depicted very primitively, simply clumsily, with the exception of some rare exceptions, such as, for example, the reliefs from Lossel. In Paleolithic art, there is not yet that predominant interest in the world of human relationships, which distinguishes art, which delimited its sphere from the sphere of science. According to the monuments of primitive art (at least fine art), it is difficult to learn anything about the life of the tribal community other than its hunting and related magical rites; the main place is occupied by the very object of hunting - the beast. It was his study that was of the main practical interest, since it was the main source of existence - and the utilitarian-cognitive approach to painting and sculpture was reflected in the fact that they depicted mainly animals, and such breeds, the extraction of which was especially important and at the same time difficult and dangerous, and therefore, required especially careful study. Birds and plants were rarely depicted.
Drawing the figure of an animal, in a certain sense, a person really "mastered" the animal, since he cognized it, and knowledge is the source of domination over nature. The vital necessity of figurative knowledge was the reason for the emergence of art. But our ancestor understood this "mastery" in the literal sense and performed magical rites around the drawing he made to ensure the success of the hunt. He fantastically rethought the true, rational motives of his actions. True, it is very likely that by far not always fine art had a ritual purpose; here, obviously, other motives also participated, which have already been mentioned above: the need for the exchange of information, etc. But, in any case, it can hardly be denied that most of the picturesque and sculptural works served magical purposes.
People began to engage in art much earlier than they had a concept of art, and much earlier than they could understand for themselves its real meaning, its real usefulness.
Mastering the art of portraying visible world, people also did not realize the true social significance of this skill. Something similar to the later formation of the sciences, also gradually freed from the captivity of naive fantastic ideas, took place: medieval alchemists sought to find the "philosopher's stone" and spent years of hard work on this. They never found the Philosopher's Stone, but they gained valuable experience in studying the properties of metals, acids, salts, etc., which paved the way for the subsequent development of chemistry.
Speaking about the fact that primitive art was one of the original forms of knowledge, the study of the surrounding world, we should not assume that, consequently, there was nothing in it in the proper sense of the word aesthetic. The aesthetic is not something fundamentally opposed to the useful.
The content of early art is poor, its outlook is closed, its very integrity rests on the underdevelopment of social consciousness. The further progress of art could be carried out only at the cost of the loss of this original integrity, which we already see at the later stages of the primitive communal formation. Compared with the art of the Upper Paleolithic, they mark a certain decline in artistic activity, but this decline is only relative. Schematizing the image, the primitive artist learns to generalize, abstract the concepts of a straight or curved line, circle, etc., acquires the skills of conscious construction, rational distribution of drawing elements on a plane. Without these latently accumulated skills, the transition to those new artistic values that are created in the art of ancient slave-owning societies would have been impossible. We can say that in the period of primitive art, the concepts of rhythm and composition are finally formed. In this way, artistic creativity tribal system clearly shows the need for art in human life.
3. The role of art in the development of society and human life
There has been and is a lot of controversy about the role of art in the development of society and in the life of an individual, art critics put forward a variety of concepts, but the level of mass artistic culture in the Russian Federation fell as low as, perhaps, in any civilized country.
We are probably the only state where art and music are actually eliminated from general education. Even the coming humanitarization envisages, without change, the "residual" role of the arts. Unfortunately, the principle of scientific character has long and undividedly dominated in education. Everywhere, in all pedagogical documents, it is only about mastering the scientific method of cognition, the assimilation of scientific knowledge and skills, the formation of a scientific worldview. And so in all documents - from the most traditional to the most innovative. Moreover, even in the analysis of art, not only in secondary school, but also in higher education, a purely scientific approach was established (6, p. 12).
Wrong has taken root; misrepresentation that there is no significant connection artistic development, firstly, with the morality of man and society, and secondly, with the very development of human thinking.
Nevertheless, human thinking is initially two-sided: it is made up of a rational-logical and emotional-imaginative side as equal parts. Human scientific and artistic activity are based on different forms of thinking that caused their development, completely non-identical objects of cognition, and the ensuing demand for fundamentally different forms of transferring experience. These positions, which naturally follow from the formula “art is not science”, may cause doubts and rejections. And they will be based on a completely non-scientific, but a trivial, everyday attitude towards the arts; an understanding of their role only as a sphere of recreation, creative entertainment, aesthetic pleasure, and not a special, equal scientific, indispensable sphere of knowledge.
It is widely believed that emotional-figurative thinking, which historically really flourished earlier, is more primitive than rational, something not quite human, semi-animal. On such a delusion is based today the rejection of this path of cognition as insufficiently developed and “insufficiently scientific” and it is forgotten that it has developed and improved in the same way since the emergence of mankind (6, p. 13).
There is no human thinking, consisting only of rational-logical, theoretical consciousness. This kind of thinking is made up. A holistic person takes part in thinking - with all his "irrational" feelings, sensations, etc. And, developing thinking, you need to form it holistically. In fact, in the development of mankind, two most important systems of cognition of the world have developed. We think in their constant interaction, whether we like it or not. This is how it happened historically.
If we compare these two sides of thinking in a diagram, we get the following:
Forms of thinking Field of activity and result of work Subject of knowledge (what is known) Ways of mastering experience (how is it known) Results of mastering experience
Rational-logical scientific activity. Outcome - concept Real object (subject) Study of the content of Knowledge. Understanding the patterns of natural and social processes
Emotionally figurative artistic activity. The result is an artistic image Attitude to the object (subject) Experience of the content (accommodation) Emotional and value criteria of life, expressed in incentives for actions, desires and aspirations
The table shows that everything in these two rows is different - both the subject of knowledge, and the ways and results of its development. Of course, the spheres of activity here indicated are those where these forms are manifested only most clearly. In all areas of labor activity, they "work" together, including in scientific, industrial and artistic.
Scientific activity (and cognition) develops the sphere of theoretical thinking more actively than any other.
But artistic activity also develops its own sphere of thinking as a priority. The scientific one is rather able to exploit it and use it to help itself (6, p. 14).
When studying a plant: its flowers, fruits or leaves, a Russian or Mexican scientist is interested in completely objective data: its genus and species, shape, weight, chemical composition, development system - that which does not depend on the observer. The more accurate, the more independent of the student the data and conclusions of observation are, the more valuable they are, the more scientific. Artistic observation and its results are fundamentally different. They cannot and should not be objective at all. They are necessarily personal, mine. The result is my personal attitude to this plant, flower, leaf - whether they cause me pleasure, tenderness, sadness, bitterness, surprise. Of course, all of humanity is looking at this object through me, but also my people, my history. They build the paths of my perception. I will perceive a birch twig differently than a Mexican. There is no outside of me artistic perception, it cannot take place. Emotions cannot be impersonal.
That is why it is impossible to pass on to new generations the experience of emotional-figurative thinking through theoretical knowledge (as we have persistently tried until now). This experience is useless only to study. With such a "study", for example, moral feelings, such as feelings of tenderness, hatred, love, turn into moral rules, into social laws that have nothing to do with feelings. Let's be sincere: all the moral laws of society, if they are not experienced by the individual, are not contained in feelings, but only in knowledge, are not only not durable, but are often the object of anti-moral manipulations.
L. N. Tolstoy rightly said that art does not convince anyone, it simply infects with ideas. And the "infected" can no longer live otherwise. Awareness of belonging, assimilation, empathy - this is the power of human thinking. Global technocratization is disastrous. Psychologist Zinchenko wrote very correctly about this: “For technocratic thinking, there are no categories of morality, conscience, human experience and dignity.” Harshly said, but true.
BM Nemensky clarifies why: technocratic thinking is always the primacy of means over meaning (6, p. 16). For the meaning human life- it is the human improvement of the relationship of a person with the world, the harmonization of these relations. With the integrity of the two ways of cognition, the scientific one provides the means for harmonization, while the artistic one includes the introduction of these means into the system of actions and determines the formation of human desires as incentives for action. When the emotional and value criteria are distorted, knowledge is directed to anti-human goals.
With oppression, underdevelopment of the emotional-figurative sphere, today's distortion occurs in our society - the primacy of means, confusion of goals. And this is dangerous, because whether we want it or not, whether we understand it or not, it is our feelings that determine the “first movements of the soul”, determine desires. And desires, even contrary to beliefs, form actions.
Two ways of cognition arose precisely because there are two objects, or objects, of cognition. And the object (subject) of cognition for the emotional-figurative sphere of thinking is not the reality of life itself, but our human emotional-personal attitude towards it. In this case (the scientific form) the object is cognized, in the other (artistic) the thread of the emotional-value connection between the object and the subject is cognized - the relation of the subject to the object (object). And here is the root of the whole problem.
And then the thread of understanding the activity of the emotional-figurative sphere of thinking stretches to those types of labor where this form is most manifested, to art. Art is polyfunctional, but its main role in the life of society is precisely this - analysis, formulation, fixation in a figurative form and transfer to the next generations of the experience of emotional and value relations to certain phenomena of people's relationships with each other and with nature. Naturally, as in scientific form, there is a struggle of ideas, tendencies in relation to the phenomena of life. Ideas not only useful, but also harmful to society, live and oppose. And society intuitively selects and consolidates from them what it needs today for flourishing or for decline.
Isn't it time to look for ways of harmonious development, but not among the older generations, which is late, but among the generation entering into life? You just need to realize that we offer more than one developmental flux instead of another. It is necessary to achieve precisely harmony in the development of thinking. But for this it is necessary to accept as an objective reality the two-sidedness of our thinking: the presence of rational-logical and emotional-figurative thinking, the presence of different circles of knowledge corresponding to them - a real object and the relationship of the subject to the object. And if we accept these two sides, then it is easy to accept two ways of mastering experience - studying the content of experience and living, experiencing the content. Here, it is here that the basis of artistic didactics is laid - nothing else is given (6, p. 17).
However, upon careful analysis, one can feel the different roles of the three forms of plastic-artistic thinking in the behavior and communication of people.
Decoration. Only freely born Roman citizens had the right to wear an outfit. Special decrees on costume in Europe were issued already in the 13th century. In most of them, strict rules were defined for which class which suits could be worn. For example, in Cologne in the XV century. judges and doctors had to walk in red, lawyers - in purple, other pundits - in black. For a long time in Europe, only a free man could wear a hat. In Russia, under Elizabeth, people without a rank did not have the right to wear silk, velvet. In medieval Germany, serfs were feared death penalty it was forbidden to wear boots: this was the exclusive privilege of the nobles. And in Sudan there is a custom to thread brass wire through the lower lip. This means that the person is married. The same goes for her hairstyle. And today, choosing for himself this or that type of clothing or its cut, a person who refers himself to a certain social group uses them as social symbols that act as a regulator of relations between people. The business of decorating oneself, weapons, clothes, dwellings has been a non-entertainment activity since the formation of human society. Through decoration, a person distinguished himself from the environment of people, designating his place in it (hero, leader, aristocrat, bride, etc.) and introducing himself to a certain community of people (warrior, tribal member, caste member or businessman, hippie, etc.). d.). Despite the more multifaceted play on decor, its root role remains the same today - a sign of communion and isolation; a sign of a message that affirms the place of a given person, a given group of people in the environment of human relations - it is here that the basis for the existence of decoration as an aesthetic phenomenon (6, p. 18).
The fact that the masses of Russians are illiterate in this area leads to many social breakdowns and personal moral breakdowns. Experts rightly point out that society has not yet developed a systematic system of language teaching. decorative arts. Everyone goes through the school of the language of such communication completely independently and spontaneously.
The constructive line of artistic and plastic thinking performs a different social function and responds to a different need. It is possible to trace the role of this line of thinking in that art, where it is revealed more clearly and appears openly as the leading one. The construction of any objects is directly related to human communication, but other than decor. Architecture most fully (as well as design) expresses this line of artistic thinking. She builds houses, villages and cities with their streets, parks, factories, theaters, clubs - and not only for the convenience of everyday life. The Egyptian temple by its design expressed certain human relationships. The Gothic temple, and the medieval city itself, its design, the character of the houses are completely different. Fortress, castle of the feudal lord and noble estate of the XIII century. were a response to various social, economic relations, differently shaped the environment for people to communicate. It is not for nothing that architecture is called the stone chronicle of mankind; we can use it to study the changing nature of human relations.
The influence of architectural forms on our lives is not difficult to feel today. For example, how much the destruction of Moscow courtyards changed in the development of children's games. Until now, there are no organic forms of self-organization of the children's environment in these huge undivided buildings. Yes, and relations between adults and neighbors are built differently, or rather, they are almost not built. By the way, there is something to think about. To what extent does our everyday architecture correctly express the type of human relations we desire? We need an environment for communication, to create strong human bonds. Now neighbors, even on the same floor, may not know each other at all, have no relationship. And architecture contributes to this in every possible way, it does not have an environment for communication. Even at the humanities faculties of Moscow State University, people have nowhere to sit and talk. There are only lecture halls and halls for mass meetings. There is no planned environment where an individual can communicate with an individual, argue, talk, reflect. Although, perhaps, in previous periods of the history of our society, this was not necessary. And outside of architecture and in spite of it, it is extremely difficult to create conditions for communication. So, in addition to a narrow-utilitarian function (protection from cold, rain and providing conditions for work), architecture plays a significant social, “spiritual-utilitarian” role in shaping human relations. It performs the function of a constructive element of artistic thinking: it forms a real environment that determines the character, lifestyle and relationships in society. By this, it, as it were, sets the parameters and sets milestones for a certain aesthetic and moral ideal, creates an environment for its development. The formation of an aesthetic ideal begins with the construction of its foundations and fundamental properties. The constructive sphere fulfills its purpose through all the arts.
The pictorial basis of plastic-artistic thinking is manifested in all the arts, but it becomes the leading line in the fine arts proper and even most sharply in the easel arts - in painting, graphics, sculpture. For the sake of what needs of society did these forms of thinking develop? The possibilities of these forms, in our opinion, are the most subtle and complex. They are largely research and in some ways similar to scientific activities. Here is an analysis of all sides real life. But the analysis is emotional-figurative, and not the objective laws of nature and society, but the nature of a person's personal, emotional relations with his entire environment - nature and society. It is through the personality of each of us that our human - common - can only manifest itself. A society without individuals is a herd. So, if in science the conclusion is: “I know, I understand”, then here: “I love, I hate”, “I enjoy it, it causes disgust”. This is the emotional value criteria of a person.
The pictorial form of thinking expands the possibilities of figurative systems, filling them with the living blood of reality. This is where thinking takes place in real visible images (and not just an image of reality). It is thinking with real images that makes it possible to analyze all the most complex, subtle aspects of reality, realize them, build an attitude towards them, variably and sensually (often intuitively) compare one’s moral and aesthetic ideals with it and fix this attitude in artistic images. Attach and share with other people.
It is precisely because of this that fine art is a powerful and subtle school of emotional culture and its chronicle. It is this side of artistic thinking that makes it possible for the fine arts to raise and solve the most complex spiritual problems of society.
Elements of artistic thinking, like three hearts, three motors of the artistic process, participate in shaping the character of human society, in their own way influence its forms, methods, and development.
The change in the tasks of art at different stages of the formation of the moral and aesthetic ideal of each time is manifested in the pulsation of these three trends. The rise and fall of each of them is a response to changes in society's demands for art as a tool that helps it not only form the moral and aesthetic ideal of the time, but also establish it in Everyday life. From practice through its spiritual, emotional, moral and aesthetic development again to the daily practice of life - this is the way to implement these foundations. And each basis (sphere) has its own, unique and irreplaceable function, generated by the specifics, the nature of its capabilities.
Art appears in its true meaning as one of the most important forms of self-consciousness and self-organization of the human collective, as a manifestation of an irreplaceable form of thinking developed over millions of years of human existence, without which human society could not have taken place at all.
Conclusion
In this work, we examined the role of art in the life of society and every person, and focused on the specifics of one of the forms of manifestation of emotional-figurative thinking - the plastic-artistic sphere of activity.
This is not only a theoretical problem. The existing reluctance to see the reality of these forms of thinking results in the formation of a one-sided intellect. There was a worldwide fetishization of the rational-logical path of cognition.
Professor of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology J. Weizenbaum writes about this danger: “From the point of view of common sense, science has become the only legitimate form of knowledge... forces all other forms of knowledge. Such thoughts were also expressed by our scientists. Suffice it to recall the philosopher E. Ilyenkov. But society does not listen to them at all.
Lost, not developed and not transmitted from the ancestors of the tradition of emotional and value culture. And it is they who constitute the culture of attitude to the world, which underlies all human activity, the basis of human action.
Bibliography
1. Apresyan R. Aesthetics. – M.: Gardariki, 2003.
2. General history of arts. In 9 volumes. T.1. Primitive art. - M., 1967.
3. Loktev A. Theory of Art. – M.: Vlados, 2003.
4. Ilyenkov E. Works. – M.: Logos, 2000.
5. Art. – M.: Avanta+, 2003.
6. Nemensky B.M. Emotionally-figurative cognition in human development / In the book. Modern art: development or crisis. - M .: Knowledge, 1991. S. 12-22.
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(406 words) Art is perhaps one of the most important areas of human existence. It has given us a great many beautiful eternal creations: elegant music, majestic masterpieces of architecture, thoughtful books and much, much more. In my opinion, the influence of art on the history of mankind in general and the human soul in particular is truly enormous. Confirmation of this can be found not only in Russian, but throughout the world literature.
For example, O. Henry in his story "The Pharaoh and the Choral" tells us about the New York beggar Sopi. This degraded, immoral man pursues one single goal - to get into prison so that he can spend the winter in warmth and comfort, doing nothing at the same time. For the sake of realizing his plan, Sopi commits many dubious acts: he steals, riots and debauchery, but the doors of the cherished prison remain closed to him. Already completely desperate, the protagonist suddenly hears the sounds of a chorale coming from the church. Music strikes Soapy to the core, the shameless tramp realizes how low he has fallen. A new beginning is born in his soul, which calls him to take the right path. He is reborn and firmly decides to start life from scratch. The power of art is truly limitless, because only a melody can transform a person beyond recognition.
N.V. Gogol in the story "Portrait" draws before us the fate of the artist Andrei Petrovich Chartkov. A talented but poor young man, by the will of providence, becomes the owner of a huge amount of money. Andrey's first noble impulse is to go headlong into work, to bring his talent to perfection. But immersed in the cycle secular life, the main character eventually moves away from real art, turning into a servant of the rich. He creates beautiful, perfect in form, but dead and meaningless crafts, losing talent in exchange for fleeting fame. Some time later, a picture of the former comrade Chartkov, who devoted his whole life to art, sacrificed everything for him, is brought to Russia. Having only once looked at the work of a true artist, Andrey realizes the meaninglessness of his life, he understands that in the pursuit of fame he killed his talent. Main character in vain he tries to revive the creator in himself, but his attempts turn out to be meaningless, the muse left him. In desperation, Chartkov begins to buy up and destroy the most beautiful paintings, and then falls ill and dies. According to Gogol, without true art, human life has no meaning.
Art contains a great power that can not only lift a person to the height of bliss, making him better, but also overthrow him, turning him into dust. It all depends on the personality itself and its readiness to listen to the call of beauty that heals the world. She plays on the strings of the human soul, controlling us, tuning and detuning us like an instrument, which is why the results of creative efforts occupy an important place in the life of each of us.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!Art is the activity of the individual. With the help of it, he learns the world, rests and creates something new. The role and importance of art in human life cannot be underestimated. Without it, it would be almost impossible. This is a kind of foundation for further discoveries.
What is art
This is a creative activity that allows a person to realize his inner world. You can create with the help of sounds, dances, drawings, words, colors, various natural materials and so on. Art is one of the many forms of consciousness of intelligent beings. It arises due to the creativity of specific individuals who touch on topics that are interesting not only to the author, but also to other people. Many people ask: “Does a person need art?” The answer is definitely yes, because it is a way of knowing the world. Science is also one of the types of acquiring knowledge from the surrounding reality. Art can be:
- Craft. Any kind of human activity is considered a creative process. Skill in some area: sewing, beadwork, furniture making and so on is considered an art. After all, a person tries to convey his vision of the world into reality.
- cultural activity. People have always strived for something beautiful. By creating something good, a person emphasizes his love and peacefulness.
- Any expressive form. With the development of society and aesthetic knowledge, art can be called absolutely any activity that expresses some meaning with the help of special means.
This term is quite broad. If it is interpreted on the scale of the entire human society, then this is a special means for cognition or reflections of the surrounding world, spirituality and consciousness of the individual. There is practically no person who could not give him an explanation. Listen to your inner world and determine what art is for you. After all, it is valuable both for a particular author and for all people in general. During the existence of mankind, a lot of works of art have already been created that you can admire and that can inspire you to your own creative ideas.
The history of the emergence of art
According to one theory, for the first time a person began to engage in creativity during primitive society. Witnesses to this are rock inscriptions. These were the first mass art forms. They were applied mainly for practical use. About 40 thousand years ago, art became an independent way to explore the world. It was represented by various rituals, musical compositions, choreography, wearable decorations, images on rocks, trees and skins of dead animals.
AT primitive world art performed the function of transmitting information. People could not communicate using language, so they transmitted information through creativity. Therefore, art for the people of those times was an integral part of existence. For drawing images, objects from the surrounding world were used and various colors of them.
Art in the ancient world
It was in ancient civilizations, such as: Egypt, India, Rome, and so on, that the foundations of the creative process were laid. Even then, people began to think about whether art is necessary for a person. Each developed center of civilization had its own unique style, which survived for many centuries and did not change. At this time, the first works of artists had already begun to be created. The ancient Greeks portrayed the human body best of all. They could correctly depict muscles, posture and respect the proportions of the body.
Art in the Middle Ages
People of these times focused their eyes on biblical stories and spiritual truths. In the Middle Ages, they no longer wondered whether a person needed art, because the answer was obvious. A gold background was used in painting or mosaics, and people were depicted with ideal proportions and body shapes. Art of various kinds penetrated into the sphere of architecture, beautiful statues were built. People were not interested in what real art was, they just created their own beautiful works. Some Islamic countries attributed divine power to such creations. The people from India used the art for religious dancing and sculpture. The Chinese preferred bronze sculptures, wood carvings, poetics, calligraphy, music, and pictorial drawings. The style of this people changed every era and bore the names of the ruling dynasties. In the 17th century, it spread in Japan. By this time, people already knew what real art was. After all, it has already seriously influenced the upbringing of a useful person for society. It also served good rest and relaxation.
The Renaissance and the Modern World
Mankind has returned to humanism and material values. This influenced the development of art. Human figures have lost their idealized forms. During these eras, artists tried to show the Universe and various ideas of that time. There were already a lot of interpretations of "what is art". Creative people perceived it as a way to convey human individuality. Already to XIX century a lot of styles were formed, such as symbolism or fauvism. However, already in the 20th century, many scientific discoveries and developing technologies happened. In this period creative personalities were looking for new ways to display their inner world and reflect modern beauty.
In the second half of the twentieth century, the direction of modernism joined the art. People tried to find the truth and followed strict standards. During this period, there were a lot of critics of painting who suggested that it was over.
What is art
In the modern world, the creative process has reached an unprecedented development. Using the World Wide Web different kind skill spreads with great speed. Art is as follows:
- Spectacular art. It includes theatres, operas, circuses, cinema and so on. With the help of visual perception, the authors convey their vision of the world and various events. Directors create films that reflect the existing problems of the world. Many branches of art serve as entertainment for a person, for example, the circus.
- Art. This area includes photography, painting, comics, sculpture and silent films. The authors, with the help of a static picture, convey the nature, the life of a people, the problems of mankind. Silent cinema is a dynamic art form. In the modern world, this phenomenon has already lost its popularity.
- Expressive art. People reflect their views in literature, create beautiful buildings. They also express the inner world in music and choreography. Most of the works raise global problems and vices of mankind. Thanks to this, people improve and move away from evil and self-flagellation.
For creative self-expression, man has invented a lot of materials. Artists use paint, canvases, ink, and so on. Architects - clay, iron, gypsum and more. Thanks to modern methods of storing information, a person can transfer his creations to an electronic version. Already, there are many musicians, artists, directors and writers who use the computer to create works of art.
Modern world and art
The creative sphere of life teaches the individual true beauty, makes him more merciful and kinder. Also, art teaches to look at simple things from a different angle, most often positive. In all creations there is not one certain meaning, each person in them is looking for something of his own. Also, everyone individually chooses the type of activity for themselves. It can be painting, ballet or even classic literature. People, through creativity, learn compassion, sensitivity and emotionality. Everyday life can oppress a person, and art reminds us how beautiful the world around him can be. Many people feed on just positive energy from various author's works.
From an early age, an individual is instilled with a love for creativity. Introducing children to art allows them to learn to understand literature, painting, architecture, music and much more. It develops the personality. However, there are times when a person does not understand why art is needed. Such behavior is one of the stages of personality development, after which people have an involuntary craving for something new unknown. This allows you to broaden your horizons, improve and form individual moral values. The most important thing is that creativity makes a person better.
How art affects personality development
Man is a creature that is formed with the help of surrounding events and other opinions. Art occupies a special place in this process, it affects both a particular individual and society as a whole. Thanks to him, a person develops pleasant feelings, interesting thoughts, moral principles, and the development of modern art helps him in this. Life without this industry is almost unreal. It would be dry, but for individuals with a wealth inner world presented only in black and white. Literature as art occupies a special place in existence. She is able to fill a person like a jug of water, life principles and looks. Leo Tolstoy believed that spiritual beauty could save humanity. With the study of the work of various authors, people become internally attractive.
AT fine arts a person tries to convey his point of view on the world around him, sometimes from his imagination. After all, he cannot recreate what does not exist. Each image conveys a specific thought or feeling of the creator. Man eats these works of art. If the message was kind, then the person will radiate positive emotions. Aggressive creativity gives rise to negative feelings in a person. In life, people must have positive thoughts and deeds, otherwise humanity is threatened with extinction. After all, if everyone around him wishes evil, then mass acts of violence and murders can begin.
Introducing children to art
Parents begin to engage in the cultural education of their child almost from birth. Introducing children to art is an important part of education. positive personality. School age considered the most favorable for the development of a cultured person. At this stage, in schools, the child develops sympathy for classical works. In the lessons they consider the great artists, writers, musicians and their significant contribution to the culture of mankind. In the future, they will better perceive the work of various authors and not ask about why art is needed. However, when children enter the middle classes, teachers do not pay due attention to creativity. In this case, many parents send them to special art schools. The ability to learn something new, interest in art, the ability to create and be a kind person are brought up in children. After all, a significant role in the development of a mature personality is played by artistic creations.
Art and literature
The word is an integral part of creativity. Thanks to him, you can very accurately convey information, events, feelings, and so on. capable of conveying to a person a wide range of emotions and outlooks on life. Also, imagination helps to convey pictures of indescribable beauty. Thanks to the word, people can experience joy, feelings, condolences, sadness, and so on. The text in the book is somewhat reminiscent of an alternate reality.
The writers also talk about their assumptions that relate to the future of mankind. There are a lot of popular dystopias that reflect a not at all bright future, for example: "Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley, "1984" by George Orwell. They serve as a warning to a person so that he does not forget to love and tries to appreciate everything that he has. This fact shows why the art of negative literature is needed. After all, such books ridicule the problems of people: insane consumption, love of money, power, and so on. After all, these things do not bring happiness at all, and you need to do only noble deeds and have honor.
What is the art of photographs and paintings for?
Almost every person likes to decorate the walls of his house with the work of artists or photographers. However, not everyone thought why they hang there and how they affect mood. Psychologists believe that the images on the walls can affect a person. The picture primarily affects the subconscious, and it is very important what color it is. Effects of coloration of images:
- Orange color. He is able to create a warm and warm feeling in a person. However, some works can, on the contrary, irritate.
- Red paintings. This is one of the most influencing colors on people. healthy people it can feed with passion and warmth. Patients with psychological disorders may develop aggression.
- Green. It's the color of everything flora which creates a feeling of security and freshness in a person.
- Blue images. They are able to give people peace and some coolness. All light colors have a positive effect on the emotional state of a person.
Experts have found out for a very long time that different colors of paintings and photographs can improve mood, put emotions in order and, in some cases, heal. However, some people may still have a question about why image art is needed. They can be observed in schools, kindergartens, educational institutions and some workplaces. Often these are peaceful landscapes, forests and portraits of some beautiful people.
