Literature - grade 10.
Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics»
(based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")
Lesson objectives: to reveal the peculiarities of the author's position through the comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop characterization skills literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; educate a thoughtful reader, enrich the speech of students.
Lesson equipment: portrait of IAGoncharov, text of the novel by IAGoncharov “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.
Students should know:
Contents of the novel by IAGoncharov "Oblomov";
The main idea of the work;
Main images.
Students should be able to:
Correctly answer the questions posed by the teacher;
Summarize and systematize educational material;
Improve the skills of working with text;
Draw conclusions and link them into a monologue statement.
During the classes.
IOrganizational moment.
IIImplementation of d.z. (IA Goncharov "Oblomov", The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, values (part 2,
Chapters 1 - 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)
IIICommunication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Work according to the lesson plan.
1. Introductory remarks.
Good afternoon guys! The study of the novel by IA Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of a person ... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (writing the topic in notebooks).
Work plan:
1.The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, values (part 2, chapters 1 - 4)
2. Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz, Oblomov (homework check)
3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
You need to compare these heroes, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.
Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:
- Ilya Oblomov and Andrey Stolts ... who are they - doubles or antipodes?
Let's define the lexical meaning of the words antipode and double
2. Vocabulary work.
Antipode - (Greek antipodes - facing feet to feet). 1. only plural. Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geogr.). 2. to someone or someone to something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is his perfect antipode or he is his perfect antipode.
Double - a person who has complete resemblance to another (both about a man and a woman).
What is your perception of Oblomov and Stolz?
Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov already took place in the previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, not focused. Let's give him a more detailed description. (students' answers)
(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:
In connection with Oblomov's guests, which Ilya Ilyich "did not like", in contrast to his childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, whom he "loved sincerely";
In connection with the dreams of the protagonist, where is Stolz, who knew and appreciated best qualities Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the pictures of a happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;
Stolz also appears in Oblomov's Dream, fits into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood that shaped the hero.
Teacher: Unexpectedly, the appearance of the hero in the finale of the first part and chapters 1 - 2 of the second part tell about Stolz.
3. Stills from the film "A few days in the life of I. I. Oblomov"
(meeting between Oblomov and Stolz).
We see that these two people are real friends. But these heroes are different, dissimilar. Let's use, together with the author, a way of characterizing a hero known in the literature - a comparative characteristic. Before you is a worksheet, which contains the criteria for upbringing, the purpose of life, the content of the activity, the attitude towards women, their family life and position in life. In the output column, we will make notes ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.
4. Consider all the features of the heroes.
(Students' answers: Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Pledged program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
friendship
Perception of life
Love test
a) Appearance: ( when they appeared before the reader)
- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the heroes?
"... thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered in his whole face", the same age as Oblomov, "thin, his cheeks are almost completely no, ... the complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; although a little greenish eyes, but expressive "
b) Origin:
…
…a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). Sh graduated from the university brilliantly, served with success, and retired to pursue his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods overseas; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia. The image of Sh. Is built on the basis of the idea of balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and the spiritual, reason and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. Is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love. (or ... from a poor family: his father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.
c) Education.
- What kind of education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell us about it.
Parents wanted to present Ilya with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with different tricks.” Parents taught him to be idle and calm (they did not allow him to pick up the dropped thing, dress, pour himself water). the stigma of slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a deep sleep.
Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street. "And what are the servants for?" Soon Ilya himself realized that giving orders was calmer and more convenient. A dexterous, agile child is constantly stopped by his parents and a nanny for fear that the boy will "fall, hurt himself" or catch a cold, he was cherished like a greenhouse flower. "Seekers of manifestations of power turned inward and nickle, withering." (Oblomov)
His father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent his son, who graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, strictness and accuracy ... (Stolz)
Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz's childhood passed, how the process of his upbringing went.
Reading the episode (Stolz's Farewell to his father) by roles.
What impression does this scene make on you?
How can you comment on this?
What did his father teach him? What did A. Stolz feel?
Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as the opposite of the main character; with Stolz everything is different.
His upbringing is laborious, practical, he was brought up by life itself (cf. “If Oblomov’s son had disappeared ...”).
A special conversation is required: the attitude of the mother; mother and father; Oblomovka, a princely castle, as a result of which "the bursh did not work out", which replaced the "narrow German track" with a "wide road".
Stolz - Stolz (“proud”). Does he live up to his last name?
Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: "Education", indicate the antipode).
d). Education:
…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from the University in Moscow.
From the age of eight he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorted out biblical verses in the warehouses of Herder, Wieland and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, bourgeois and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov's fables and analyzed Telemak's warehouses. "
On the basis of upbringing and education, a certain program was laid.
What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?
e) Pledged program.
Oblomov
Dream. Stagnation and sleep - the passive beginning found consolation in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, not caring about his outcome and the decency of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the swindlers who robbed his estate).
“Lying down with Ilya Ilyich was not a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state”.
What was Stolz most afraid of?
Justifying their answers with the text, the students say that dreams, imagination (“optical illusion,” as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).
Stolz
Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was constant, energy and vigorous activity - an active principle
“He is incessantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they will send him; you need to write a project or adapt a new idea to the case - they choose it. Meanwhile, he travels to the world and reads: when he has time - God knows. "
- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?
Students: “To live four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps and carry the vessel of life to the last day, without shedding a single drop in vain ...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is ...in peace and pleasure ; see about Oblomov's dreams in the 8th chapter of the first part).
Teacher: 3-4th chapters of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is a dispute where the views and positions of the heroes collided.
The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!
- How does the dispute arise?(Oblomov's dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)
This is not life!
- When does the turning point in the dispute come?(Labor path: Stolz's disagreement with the ideal of a friend, after all, this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of a lost paradise, drawn by Oblomov, and labor as “an image, content, element and purpose of life.”)
(Physical education)
An introduction to the meaning of life.
Stills from the film "A few days from the life of I. I. Oblomov" ( second monologue. Oblomov's confession, p. 166. "Do you know, Andrey ...")
In what setting does the conversation take place?
What is I. Oblomov talking about?
How did each of the heroes come to light in the dispute?
f) Views on life
Oblomov
“Life: life is good!” - says Oblomov, - “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, the heart? Look where the center around which all this revolves: there is no him, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Do they not sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more to blame than them, lying at home and not infecting the head with threes and jacks? "
Stolz.
g) Purpose of life
Live your life happily; so that she "does not touch". (Oblomov)
“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stolz)
g) Perception of life
Oblomov wants to do whatever the soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against; never bother. (Oblomov)
Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, a direct, real outlook on life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will go away. "
- With which of the heroes and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?
- Is there one answer to this question?
(In the course of the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)
Teacher: In conversations (disputes), the author often gives the last word to Stolz, but it seems that he cannot argue with Oblomov. Why? He cannot even when the last word is his. Internally, we feel, we understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov's resistance (recall the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz surrenders and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).
Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?
Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
Oblomov
Stolz
Peace (apathy)
"... he is incessantly in motion ..."
Sleep (inaction)
"Balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit"
Dream - "shell, self-deception"
"He was afraid of every dream ... he wanted to see the ideal of being and aspirations of a person in a strict understanding and direction of life"
Fear of Circumstances
"He attributed the cause of all sufferingyourself "
The aimlessness of existence
“I prioritized persistence in achieving goals” (Stolz)
Labor is a punishment
"Labor is an image, element, content, purpose of life" (Stolz)
Make a conclusion that , at what levels, in what details is revealed
- Isn't Stolz too positive in his views?
Or maybe Oblomov is right: people looking for meaning in high life- the dead, such a life is useless vanity. Why is he lying on the couch worse ?!
Is the poetic perception of Oblomov's life the refinement of the hero's soul, "subtle poetic nature" or a way to hide from reality?
The strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: a hero and circumstances, a false and positive meaning of existence?
Outcome:
- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?
(Argument. What value orientations (which of the heroes) will you take in your life baggage?)
- How did our heroes turn out to be in love? Have you passed the test of love or not?
Student responses:
Oblomov and Stolz
Oblomov gave up love. He chose rest. “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it. " He was frightened, he needs not equal love, but mother's love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).
Stolz he loved not with his heart, but with his mind “I developed the conviction that love, with the power of the Archimedean lever, moves the world; that it contains as much universal, irrefutable truth and good as lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse. " He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I am glad that I met her abroad, glad that she listens to him and does not even notice that sometimes she does not understand Olga's sadness.
- How do we observe our heroes in friendship and in relation to others?
(Student responses: Oblomov and Stolz)
h) Friendship
- Based on what has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.
Characteristics of heroes:
Oblomov and Stolz
1. Oblomov. The kind, lazy person is most worried about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the sofa, without taking off his comfortable robe, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created, the amazing childish purity of his soul and introspection, worthy of a philosopher, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness.
2. Stolz ... Strong and smart, he is in constant activity and does not shy away from the darkest work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became rich and famous person... A real "iron" character has formed, but in some way it resembles a machine, a robot, so clearly programmed, verified and calculated his whole life is a dryish rationalist in front of us.
The answer to the problematic question: Oblomov and Stolz - doubles or antipodes? (words of the student).
V Summarizing.
Yes, Goncharov wanted to oppose the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the author's attitude to the hero is manifested.
- Let's remember where the heroes of the novel come to?
Oblomov dies, leaving his son behind.
Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for Oblomov's sake and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering it a blessing for her son.
Olga is very bad (Oblomov is missing), there is no love, and without her life has no meaning.
Andrei Stolts is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a "heart of gold" for him.
So, all the heroes as a result came to the same "Oblomovism"!
Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further independent adult life. Take energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will in your life baggage from Stolz, but do not forget about your soul, taking from Ilya Oblomov kindness, honesty, tenderness, romance. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol "Take away with you on the way, leaving the soft youthful years in the harsh, hardening courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, do not pick it up later!"
VI . Homework :
Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov":
Individual tasks:
1 .. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (chapter 5)
2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (Ch. 6-12)
3. Obraz Pshenitsyna (part 3), a new apartment on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.
Evaluations
Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
"... about thirty-two or three years of age, average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea ... an even light of carelessness glimmered in my whole face"
the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, dark-skinned and no blush; although a little greenish eyes, but expressive "
Origin
from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.
…from a poor family: father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman
Upbringing
his parents accustomed him to idleness and peace (they did not allow him to pick up the dropped thing, dress, pour himself water) labor in the wreck was a punishment, it was believed that he bears the stigma of slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a deep sleep.
his father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, strictness and accuracy.
Education
…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from the University of Moscow
Pledged program
… vegetation and sleep - a passive beginning
From the age of eight he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorted out biblical verses in the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, bourgeois and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov's fables and dismantled Telemak in the warehouses.
… energy and vigorous activity - an active principle.
Outlook on life
“Life: life is good!” - says Oblomov, - “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, the heart? Look where the center around which all this revolves: there is no him, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Do they not sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more to blame than them, lying at home and not infecting the head with threes and jacks? "
Stolz learns life, asks her: “What to do? Where to go next? "And it goes! Without Oblomov ...
The purpose of life
Live your life happily; so that she "does not touch".
"Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine."
friendship
There are acquaintances, but there is not a single real friend, except for Stolz.
Stolz always and everywhere had many friends - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to people-personalities, sincere and decent.
Perception of life
The hesitant one - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bully: it will pinch stealthily, then suddenly it will come straight from the forehead and sprinkle it with sand ... no urine!”
Oblomov wants to do whatever the soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against; never bother.
Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; "..." life touches! " "And thank God!" - said Stolz. "
Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, a direct, real outlook on life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will go away. "
Love test
he needs love not equal but maternal (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)
he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Pledged program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
friendship
Perception of life
Love test
Oblomov and Stolz
Stolz - the antipode of Oblomov (Principle of the antithesis)
The entire figurative system of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is aimed at revealing the character, essence of the protagonist. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a bored gentleman, lying on the couch, dreaming of transformations and a happy life with his family, but doing nothing to make dreams come true. The antipode of Oblomov in the novel is the image of Stolz. Andrei Ivanovich Stolts is one of the main characters, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolts, a Russianized German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlevka, which is five miles from Oblomovka. In the first two chapters of the second part goes detailed story about Stolz's life, about the conditions in which his active character was formed.
1. General features:
a) age ("Stolz is the same age as Oblomov and he is already over thirty");
b) religion;
c) training in the boarding house of Ivan Stolz in Verkhlev;
d) service and quick retirement;
e) love for Olga Ilyinskaya;
f) kind attitude towards each other.
2. Various traits:
a ) portrait;
Oblomov ... “He was a man of about thirty-two or three years of age, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with lack of: any definite idea, any concentration in the facial features. "
«… flabby beyond his years whether from lack of movement or air. In general, his body, judging by the matte, too white necks, small plump arms, soft shoulders seemed too pampered for a man. His movements, when he was even alarmed, were also restrained. gentleness and not devoid of a kind of grace of laziness. "
Stolz- the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. Sh .'s portrait contrasts with Oblomov's: “It is all composed of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blood English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but not a sign of fat roundness ... "
Getting acquainted with the portrait characteristics of this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to dreaminess. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.
b) parents, family;
Oblomov's parents are Russian, he grew up in a patriarchal family.
Stolz. - a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). “Stolz was only half German by his father; his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith, his native language was Russian ... ”. Mother was afraid that Stolz, under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but Stolz's Russian entourage prevented.
c) education;
Oblomov moved “from embraces to the embraces of family and friends,” his upbringing was of a patriarchal nature.
Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: "From the age of eight he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorting through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summing up the illiterate accounts of peasants, bourgeois and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov's fables and analyzed Telemac's warehouses."
When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, forced him to work. Then Stolz began to send his son to the city with errands, "and it never happened that he forgot something, altered, overlooked, made a mistake."
Upbringing, like education, was twofold: dreaming that a "good bursh" would grow out of his son, the father encouraged boyish fights in every possible way, without which the son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared "by heart", Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son back where he came from - and every time young Stltz returned with lessons learned.
From his father he received a "labor, practical education", and his mother introduced him to the beautiful, tried to put in the soul of little Andrei love for art, for beauty. His mother "in her son ... dreamed of the ideal of a gentleman," and his father taught him to hard, not lordly work.
d) attitude towards studying in a boarding house;
Oblomov studied "out of necessity," "serious reading bored him," "but the poets hurt him ... for a living"
Stolz always studied well, was interested in everything. And was a tutor at my father's boarding house
e) further education;
Oblomov lived in Oblomovka until he was twenty, then graduated from the university.
Stolz graduated brilliantly from the university. Parting with his father, who sent him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz. says that he will certainly follow his father's advice and will go to Ivan Bogdanovich's old friend Reingold - but only when he, Stolz, will have, like Reingold, a four-story house. Such independence and independence, as well as self-confidence. - the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov lacks so much.
f) lifestyle;
"Lying at Ilya Ilyich's was his normal state."
Stolz has a thirst for action
g) housekeeping;
Oblomov did not do business in the village, received an insignificant income and lived on credit.
Stolz serves successfully, retires to pursue his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods overseas; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia.
h) life aspirations;
Oblomov in his youth "prepared for the field", thought about the role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded from his dreams social activities, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, friends.
Stolz, chose an active principle in his youth ... Stolz's ideal of life is unceasing and meaningful work, it is "the image, content, element and purpose of life."
i) views on society;
Oblomov believes that all members of the world and society are "dead, sleeping people", they are characterized by insincerity, envy, the desire by any means to "get a loud rank", he is not a supporter of progressive forms of economic management.
According to Stolz, with the help of the organization of "schools", "piers", "fairs", "highways", the old, patriarchal "scraps" should be turned into comfortable estates that generate income.
j) attitude towards Olga;
Oblomov wanted to see loving woman able to create a serene family life.
Stolz marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries to present in their active, full of work and beauty alliance ideal family, a true ideal that does not work out in Oblomov's life: “We worked together, dined, went to the fields, played music< …>as Oblomov dreamed ... Only there was no slumber, despondency, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no sluggish look, no word; the conversation did not end with them, it was often hot. "
k) relationship and mutual influence;
Oblomov considered Stolz his only friend, able to understand and help, he listened to his advice, but Stolz failed to break Oblomovism.
Stolz highly appreciated the kindness and sincerity of the soul of his friend Oblomov. Stolz does everything to awaken Oblomov to activity. In friendship with Oblomov Stolz. he also turned out to be at his best: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the intrigues of Tarantyev and Mukhoyarov, who tricked Oblomov into signing a fake loan letter.
Oblomov is used to living on Stolz's orders in the smallest matters, he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stolz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything, however, and Oblomov is in no hurry to follow Stolz's advice: they have too different ideas about life, about work, about the application of strength.
After the death of Ilya Ilyich, a friend takes on the education of Oblomov's son, Andryusha, named in his honor.
m) self-esteem ;
Oblomov constantly doubted himself. Stolz never doubts himself.
m) character traits ;
Oblomov is inactive, dreamy, slovenly, indecisive, gentle, lazy, apathetic, not devoid of subtle emotional experiences.
Stolz is active, harsh, practical, neat, loves comfort, open in emotional manifestations, reason prevails over feeling. Stolz could control his feelings and was "afraid of every dream." Happiness for him was consistency. According to Goncharov, he "knew the value of rare and expensive properties and wasted them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive ...".
The meaning of the images of Oblomov and Stolz.
Goncharov reflected typical features in Oblomov patriarchal nobility... Oblomov has absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character.
Stolz in Goncharov's novel was assigned the role of a man capable of breaking Oblomovism and reviving the hero. According to critics, the ambiguity of Goncharov's idea of the role of "new people" in society led to the unconvincing image of Stolz. As conceived by Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not portray the hero in specific activities. The author only informs the reader about what Stolz has been and what he has achieved. Showing Stolz's Parisian life with Olga, Goncharov wants to reveal the breadth of his views, and in fact reduces the hero
So, the image of Stolz in the novel not only clarifies the image of Oblomov, but is also interesting to readers for its originality and the complete opposite of the main character. Dobrolyubov says about him: “He is not the person who will be able, in a language understandable to the Russian soul, to tell us this omnipotent word“ forward! ” Dobrolyubov, like all revolutionary democrats, saw the ideal of a "man of action" in serving the people, in the revolutionary struggle. Stolz is far from this ideal. However, next to Oblomov and Oblomovism, Stolz was still a progressive phenomenon.
The novel "Oblomov" is one of the iconic works of the 19th century, covering many social and philosophical themes... An important role in disclosure ideological meaning works plays an analysis of the relationship in the book of two main male characters... In the novel "Oblomov", the characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz reflect their completely different natures, opposed by the author.
According to the plot of the work, the heroes are best friends from an early age, helping each other as much as possible even in adulthood: Stolz Oblomov - by solving many of his pressing problems, and Ilya Ilyich to Andrei Ivanovich - with pleasant conversations, allowing Stolz to restore peace of mind.
Portrait characteristics of heroes
Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz in Goncharov's novel Oblomov are given by the author himself and is most remarkable when comparing their portrait characteristics, as well as characters. Ilya Ilyich is a soft, quiet, kind, dreamy, reflective goof who makes any decision at the behest of his heart, even if his mind leads the hero to the opposite conclusions. The appearance of the introverted Oblomov fully corresponds to his character - his movements are soft, lazy, round, and the image is characterized by excessive effeminacy, not typical for a man.
Stolz, both internally and externally, is completely different from Oblomov. The main thing in the life of Andrei Ivanovich is the rational grain, in all matters he relies only on reason, while the dictates of the heart, intuition and the sphere of feelings for the hero are not only something secondary, but are also inaccessible, incomprehensible to his rational reflections. Unlike Oblomov, "flabby beyond his years," Stolz seems to be made up of "bones, muscles and nerves." His life is a rapid race forward, an important attribute of which is the constant self-development of the individual and continuous work. The images of Oblomov and Stolz seem to be mirror image each other: active, extroverted, successful in society and in the career field, Stolz is opposed to the lazy, apathetic, unwilling to communicate with anyone, let alone re-enter the service, Oblomov.
Differences in the upbringing of heroes
When comparing Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz, as well as for a better understanding of the characters' images, it is important to briefly describe the atmosphere in which each of the characters grew up. Despite the "addictive", as if covering with a veil of half-sleep and laziness, Oblomovka's environment little Ilya was a cheerful, active and curious child, which at first is very similar to Stolz. He wanted to learn as much as possible about the world around him, but the excessive care of his parents, the "hothouse" upbringing, the inculcation of obsolete, obsolete and aimed at the ideals of the past, made the child a worthy successor of the traditions of "Oblomovism", the bearer of the "Oblomov" worldview - lazy, introverted, living in his own illusory world.
However, Stolz also did not grow the way he could have grown. At first glance, the combination in his upbringing of the strict approach of a German father and the tenderness of a noble mother of Russian origin would allow Andrei to become a harmonious, comprehensively developed personality. Nevertheless, as the author points out, Stolz grew "a cactus accustomed to drought." The young man lacked love, warmth and gentleness, since he was mainly raised by his father, who did not believe that a man needed to be instilled in sensitivity. However, Stolz's Russian roots until the end of his life were looking for this warmth, finding it in Oblomov, and then in the idea of Oblomovka, which he denied.
Education and career of heroes
The inconsistency of the characters of Stolz and Oblomov is already evident in teenage years when Andrei Ivanovich, trying to learn as much as possible about the world around him, tried to instill in Ilya Ilyich a love of books, ignite a flame in him that would make him strive forward. And Stolz succeeded, but for a very short time - as soon as Oblomov remained himself, the book became less important for him than, for example, a dream. Somehow, rather for his parents, Ilya Ilyich graduates from school, and then from university, where he was absolutely not interested, since the hero did not understand how mathematics and other sciences could be useful to him in life. Even a single failure in the service was the end of his career for him - it was too hard for the sensitive, soft Oblomov to rebuild under the strict rules of the capital world, far from the norms of life in Oblomovka.
Stolz, on the other hand, with his rational, active outlook on the world, is much easier to move up the career ladder, because any failure was more likely another incentive for him than a defeat. Andrei Ivanovich's continuous work, high working capacity, the ability to please others made him a useful person at any workplace and a pleasant guest in any society, and all thanks to the purposefulness laid down by his father and the continuous thirst for knowledge, which his parents developed in Stolz in childhood.
Characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz as carriers of two opposite principles
In the critical literature, when comparing Oblomov and Stolz, it is widely believed that the characters are two opposites, two types of “superfluous” heroes who, in their “pure” form, cannot be found in real life, even though Oblomov is a realistic novel , and, therefore, the described images must be typical images. However, when analyzing the upbringing and formation of each of the characters, the reasons for Oblomov's apathy, laziness and dreaminess become clear, as well as excessive dryness, rationality, even a similarity with a certain Stolz mechanism.
Comparison of Stolz and Oblomov makes it possible to understand that both heroes are personalities not only typical of their time, but also tendentious images for any time. Oblomov is a typical son of wealthy parents, brought up in an atmosphere of love and heightened care, protected by his family from the need to work, decide something and actively act, because there will always be "Zakhar" who will do everything for him. Stolz, on the other hand, is a person who, from an early age, is accustomed to the need to work and work, while being deprived of love and care, which leads to a certain inner callousness of such a person, to a misunderstanding of the nature of feelings and emotional deprivation.
Product test
VitalOblomov and Stolz ideals
Throughout his life, I.A.Goncharov dreamed of people finding harmony of feeling and reason. Hereflected on the strength and poverty of “a person oncemind ”, about the charm and weakness of the“ man of the heart ”.In "Oblomov" this idea became one of the leading,In this novel, two types of male characters are contrasted: passive and weak Oblomov, withhis heart of gold and pure soul, and energetic Stolz, able to overcome anystanding by the power of your mind and will. However, whatGoncharov's human ideal is not personifiedvan in none of them. Stolz does not seema writer with a more complete personality than Aboutcrowbar, at which he also looks "sobereyes. " Unbiased exposing the "extremes"nature of both, Goncharov advocated thethe loyalty of the spiritual world of a person with all the diversity of its manifestations.
Each of the main characters of the novel had their ownunderstanding the meaning of life, your life ideasalas that they dreamed of realizing. At the beginningnarratives to Ilya Ilyich Oblomov a little over thirty years old, he is a columnar nobleman, possessingbody of three hundred and fifty souls of serfsyang inherited by him. Having served after graduating from Moscow University for threeyears in oyne of the metropolitan departments, he youretired with the rank of collegiate secretary.Since then he lived in St. Petersburg without a break. novelbegins with a description of one of his days, his habits and character. Oblomov's life to thattime has turned into a lazy crawlfrom day to day". Having retired from vigorous activity, he lay on the sofa and irritatedargued with Zakhar, a serf servant whory courted him. Revealing socialthe roots of Oblomovism, Goncharov shows that
“It all started with the inability to put on stockings, but the it seemed like an inability to live. "
Raised in a patriarchal noblefamily, Ilya Ilyich perceived life in ObloMovka, his family estate, with her peace and withoutaction as the ideal of a human beingniya. The norm of life was ready and taught aboutparents, and they took it from their parents. Three main acts of life were constantly played out in front of little Ilyusha in childhood; homeland, weddings, funerals. Then after were given by their subdivisions: christenings, name days,family holidays. Focus on thisall the pathos of life. This was "shirocky expanse of lordly life "with itsness, which has forever become the ideal of life for Ob lomov a.
All Oblomovites treated work as a punishment and did not like it, considering it something of a humiliationnym. Therefore, life in the eyes of Ilya Ilyich oncewas divided into two halves. One consisted of truand boredom, and these were synonyms for him.The other is out of peace and peaceful fun. In about lomov ke Ilya Ilyich was also instilled in the feelingin superiority over other people. "Another"he cleans his boots, dresses himself, escapes himselffor what you need. This "other" haswork tirelessly. Ilyusha, on the other hand, was "brought up tenderly.but, neither cold nor hunger, he did not endure, there was no needknew, did not earn bread for himself, black workI didn’t do it. ” And he considered studying as a punishment sent by heaven for sins, and avoided schoolclasses whenever possible. After graduating from uni version, he was no longer concerned with his education, was not interested in science, art, politics.
When Oblomov was young, he expected a lot fromfate, and from myself. Prepared to serve fatherland, play a prominent role in public
life, dreamed of family happiness. But the days went byafter days, and he was still going to start life, everythingdrew my future in my mind. However, "the flower of life blossomed and did not bear fruit."
The future service did not appear to him in the formharsh activities, and in the form of some "familieslesson ". It seemed to him that the officials,employees together form a friendly and closea family whose members tirelessly care for mutual pleasure. However, his youthfulthe views were deceived. Not youpowers of difficulties, he resigned,alive for only three years and having done nothing mean corporeal.
Only Stolz's youthful fervor could stillhit Oblomov, and in dreams he sometimes burned out fromthirst for work and a distant but attractive pricewhether. It happened, lying on the couch, he flared upthe desire to point out to humanity its vices.He will quickly change two positions, with shiningeyes rise on the bed and inspiredlooks around. It seems that his high wuxiit is about to turn into a heroic deed and bring good consequences to mankind. Sometimes he imagineshimself an invincible commander: he will invent a war, arrange new crusades, perform feats of goodness and magnanimity. Or, introducinghimself a thinker, an artist, he in his mindreaps laurels, everyone worships him,the crowd chases after him. However, in reality he was notable to figure out how to manage your ownestate and easily became the prey of such scammers as Tarantyev and the ebrat "his apartment shooting gallery mistress.
Over time, he developed remorse that haunted him. He was in painfor his underdevelopment, for the severity that prevented himlive. He was gnawed by envy that others live like thisfull and wide, but something prevents him from boldly walking
through life. He painfully felt that wellthe neck and the bright beginning are buried in him, as in a grave. He tried to find the culprit outside himself and did not finddil. However, apathy and indifference quickly replaced is there anxiety in his soul, and he is again peacefulslept on his couch.
Even love for Olga did not revive him for practicaltic life. Faced with the needI can act, overcoming the ones that got in the waydifficulties, he got scared and retreated. Having settledon the Vyborg side, he completely left himself to the cares of Agafya Pshenitsyna, windowshaving deliberately removed from active life.
In addition to this inability brought up by the lordship,Oblomov is prevented from being active by many othergoe. He really feels objectively su the existing disunity of the "poetic" and"Practical" in life, and this is the reason for his bitter disappointment. He is outraged that the highest meaning of human existence in society is often replaced by false, imaginarycontent "Although Oblomov has nothing to argue withStolz's reproaches, some kind of spiritual righteousness for key in the confession of Ilya Ilyich that he failed to understand this life.
If at the beginning of the novel Goncharov says more rit about Oblomov laziness, then at the end the theme of Oblomov's "golden heart" sounds more and more insistently,which he carried unharmed through life. NotOblomov's happiness is associated not only with socialenvironment, the influence of which he could not resistyat. It is also contained in the “fatal excess of hearttsa ". The softness, delicacy, vulnerability of the hero disarm his will and make him powerless in the face of people and circumstances.
As opposed to passive and idleness To Oblomov, Stolz was conceived of a carrum as a completely unusual figure, Gonchathe moat sought to make it attractive to
reader with his "efficiency", rationalpracticality. These qualities have not yet beencharacteristic of the heroes of Russian literature.
Son of a German burgher and a Russian noblewoman,Andrei Stolts from childhood thanks to his father sexchil labor, practical education. It is incombined with the poetic influence of his mothermade him a special person. UnlikeOutwardly rounded Oblomov, Stolz was thin, all consisted of muscles and nerves. From himbreathed some freshness and strength.<«Как в орга there was nothing superfluous in hisism, and in his temperhe was looking for the proper functions of his lifebalancing the practical sides with subtlethe needs of the spirit. " "He walked steadily through life"cheerfully, lived on a budget, trying to spend everyevery day, like every ruble. " He attributed the cause of any failure to himself, “and not veshawl like a caftan on someone else's nail. " He aimeddevelop a simple and direct view ofa life. Most of all he feared the imagination,"This two-faced companion", and every dream,therefore, everything mysterious and mysterious is notthere was a place in his soul. Anything that does not exposeanalysis of experience does not correspond to practicalwhich truth, he considered a deception. Labor was imagezom, content, element and purpose of his lifeneither. Above all, he put persistence in dospursuing goals: it was a sign of characterin his eyes. According to the author's thoughts, personalitiesthe future must belong to Stolz:"How many Stolts should appear under the Russian in my names! "
Emphasizing rationalism and volitional qualitieshis hero, Goncharov, however, was aware of the serStoltz's childish callousness. Apparently a man"Budget", emotionally fit into rigid and tight limits, not the hero of Goncharov, the writer speaks of the "moral
your hero as a physiological work opganism or the dispatch of official dutiesnost. Friendly feelings cannot be "sent".However, in relation to Stolz to Oblomov, thisthe tint is present.
In the development of the action, Stolz is little by little aboutreveals himself as "not a hero." For Goncharov, whory sang the holy folly of Chatsky and preredly understood the anxiety of great spiritualrequests, it was a sign of internal failure. Lack of high purpose, I understandthe meaning of human life is constantly being discoveredrushes, despite the ebullient activityStolz in the practical sphere. He has nothing to skacall Oblomov in response to the admission that histhe friend did not find meaning in the life around him. Having received Olga's consent to the marriage, Stolz pronouncedsits puzzling words: "All found, nothinglook, nowhere else to go. " And later he will carefully try to persuade the alarmedOlga resign herself to the "rebellious questionmi ", excluding the" Faustian " anxiety.
Remaining objective about everyonehis heroes, the writer explores the innerthe possibilities of different modern humanstypes, finding strength and weakness in each ofthem. However, Russian reality has not yetwaited for her true hero. According to DoBrolyubov, a real historical case in Russiathis was not in the sphere of practicality and bargaining, butin the field of the struggle for the renewal of the public criminal codefret. Active existence and new, asset people were still only a prospect, alreadyvery close, but still not realstew. It has already become clear what kind of person is not neededRussia "but that kind of deactivities and the type of actor that she needs are.
Introduction
Goncharov's work Oblomov is a socio-psychological novel based on the literary method of antithesis. The principle of opposition can be traced both when comparing the characters of the main characters, and their basic values and life path. Comparison of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz in the novel "Oblomov" makes it possible to better understand the ideological concept of the work, to understand the reasons for the tragedy of the fate of both heroes.
Features of the lifestyle of the heroes
The central character of the novel is Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich is afraid of life's difficulties, does not want to do anything or decide. Any difficulty and the need to act cause sadness in the hero and even more immerse him in an apathetic state. That is why Oblomov, after the first failure in the service, no longer wanted to try his hand at a career and hid from the world around him on his favorite couch, trying not only not to leave the house, but also not even to get out of bed unless absolutely necessary. The way of life of Ilya Ilyich is similar to a slow dying - both spiritual and physical. The hero's personality is gradually degrading, and he himself is completely immersed in illusions and dreams that are not destined to come true.
On the other hand, Stolz's difficulties spur him on, any mistake for him is just an excuse to move on, achieving more. Andrei Ivanovich is in constant motion - business trips, meetings with friends and social events are an integral part of his life. Stolz looks at the world soberly and rationally, in his life there are no surprises, illusions and strong shocks, because he calculated everything in advance and understands what to expect in each specific situation.
The lifestyle of the heroes and their childhood
The development and formation of the images of Oblomov and Stolz is shown by the author from the earliest years of the heroes. Their childhood, adolescence and adulthood pass in different ways, they are instilled with different values and life guidelines, which only emphasizes the dissimilarity of the characters.
Oblomov grew like a greenhouse plant, fenced off from the possible influences of the surrounding world. Parents pampered little Ilya in every possible way, indulged his desires, were ready to do everything to make their son happy and satisfied. The very atmosphere of Oblomovka, the hero's native estate, requires special attention. Slow, lazy, and poorly educated villagers saw labor as a kind of punishment. Therefore, they tried to avoid him in every possible way, and if they had to work, they worked reluctantly, without any inspiration or desire. Naturally, this could not but affect Oblomov, who from an early age absorbed the love of an idle life, absolute idleness, when Zakhar can always do everything for you - as lazy and slow as his master. Even when Ilya Ilyich finds himself in a new, urban environment, he does not want to change his lifestyle and start working intensively. Oblomov simply closes himself off from the surrounding world and creates in his imagination a certain idealized prototype of Oblomovka, in which he continues to "live".
Stolz's childhood goes on differently, which is primarily due to the roots of the hero - a strict German father tried to raise a worthy bourgeois from his son, who could achieve everything in life on his own, without fear of any work. The refined mother of Andrei Ivanovich, on the contrary, wanted her son to achieve a brilliant secular reputation in society, therefore, from an early age, she instilled in him a love of books and arts. All this, as well as the evenings and receptions regularly held at the Stoltsev estate, influenced little Andrei, forming an extroverted, educated and purposeful personality. The hero was interested in everything new, he knew how to confidently move forward, so after graduating from university he easily took his place in society, becoming an indispensable person for many. Unlike Oblomov, who perceived any activity as an aggravating necessity (even university studies or reading a long book), for Stolz his activities were an impetus for further personal, social and career development.
Similarities and differences in the way of life of the heroes
If the differences in the lifestyles of Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz are noticeable and obvious almost immediately, correlating, respectively, as a passive lifestyle leading to degradation and an active one aimed at all-round development, then their similarity is visible only after a detailed analysis of the characters. Both heroes are "superfluous" people for their era, they both do not live in the present time, and therefore are in a constant search for themselves and their true happiness. The introverted, sluggish Oblomov with all his might clings to his past, to the “paradise”, idealized Oblomovka - a place where he will always feel good and calm.
Stolz, on the other hand, strives exclusively for the future. He perceives his past as a valuable experience and does not try to cling to it. Even their friendship with Oblomov is full of unrealizable plans for the future - about how you can transform the life of Ilya Ilyich, make it brighter and more real. Stolz is always one step ahead, so it is difficult for him to be an ideal husband for Olga (however, Oblomov's "extra" nature in the novel also becomes an obstacle to the development of relations with Olga).
Such isolation from others and inner loneliness, which Oblomov fills with illusions, and Stolz with thoughts of work and self-improvement, become the basis of their friendship. The characters unconsciously see in each other the ideal of their own existence, while completely denying the lifestyle of their friend, considering it either too active and saturated (Oblomov was even upset that he had to walk in boots for a long time, and not in his usual soft slippers), or excessively lazy and inactive (at the end of the novel, Stolz says that it was "Oblomovism" that killed Ilya Ilyich).
Conclusion
Using the example of the lifestyle of Oblomov and Stolz, Goncharov showed how the fates of people who come from the same social stratum, but received a different upbringing, can differ. Depicting the tragedy of both characters, the author shows that a person cannot live, hiding from the whole world in an illusion or giving himself excessively to others, up to mental exhaustion - in order to be happy, it is important to find harmony between these two directions.
Product test
