The story of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "First Love" tells about emotional experiences young hero, whose childhood feelings have grown into an almost insoluble problem of adult life and relationships. The work also touches on the relationship between father and son.
History of creation
The story was written and published in 1860 in St. Petersburg. The work was based on the real emotional experience of the writer, so a clear parallel can be drawn between his biography and the events of the story, where Volodya or Vladimir Petrovich is Ivan Sergeevich himself.
In particular, in his work, Turgenev fully described his father. He became the prototype for the character of Peter Vasilyevich. As for Zinaida Aleksandrovna herself, the prototype for her character was the first love of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, who was also his father's mistress.
Due to such frankness and transference of life real people on the pages of the story, the public met her rather ambiguously. Many condemned Turgenev for his excessive frankness. Although the writer himself has repeatedly admitted that he does not see anything wrong with such a description.
Analysis of the work
Description of the work
The composition of the story is built as Volodya's recollection of his youth, namely, the first almost childish, but serious love. Vladimir Petrovich - 16-year-old boy, main character works, who comes to a country family estate with his father and other relatives. Here he meets a girl of incredible beauty - Zinaida Alexandrovna, with whom he falls irrevocably in love.
Zinaida loves to flirt and has a very capricious disposition. Therefore, he allows himself to accept courtship from other young people, in addition to Volodya, without making any choice in favor of any one, specific candidate for the role of his official boyfriend.
Volodya's feelings do not reciprocate in her, sometimes the girl allows herself to mock him, ridiculing their age difference. Later, the main character learns that his own father has become the object of desire for Zinaida Alexandrovna. Unnoticed spying on the formation of their relationship, Vladimir understands that Pyotr Vasilyevich has no serious intentions towards Zinaida and plans to leave her soon. Having accomplished his plan, Peter leaves the country house, after which he suddenly dies for everyone. On this, Vladimir stops his communication with Zinaida. After a while, however, he learns that she got married and then died suddenly during childbirth.
main characters
Vladimir Petrovich is the main character of the story, a 16-year-old boy who moves to a country estate with his family. The prototype of the character is Ivan Sergeevich himself.
Pyotr Vasilyevich is the father of the protagonist, who married Vladimir's mother because of her rich inheritance, who, in addition, was much older than himself. The character was based on real existing person father of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.
Zinaida Alexandrovna is a young 21-year-old girl who lives next door. Has a very frivolous disposition. It has an arrogant and capricious character. Due to her beauty, she is not deprived of the constant attention of suitors, including from Vladimir Petrovich and Pyotr Vasilyevich. The prototype of the character is considered to be Princess Ekaterina Shakhovskaya.
The autobiographical work "First Love" is directly related to the life of Ivan Sergeevich, describes his relationship with his parents, mainly with his father. A simple plot and ease of presentation, which Turgenev is so famous for, helps the reader to quickly immerse himself in the very essence of what is happening around, and most importantly, to believe in sincerity and experience with the author all his emotional experience, from appeasement and delight to real hatred. After all, there is only one step from love to hate. It is this process that the story mainly illustrates.
The work demonstrates exactly how the relationship between Volodya and Zinaida is changing, and also illustrates all the changes between the son and father when it comes to love for the same woman.
The turning point of the protagonist's growing up emotionally is perfectly described by Ivan Sergeevich, because his real life experience is taken as the basis.
D. z .: on the trail. lesson (March 26) - checking homework. Please complete the task for everyone, because absence from the lesson is not the reason for unfulfilled homework. All grades for homework will be published in the journal.
March 26, (if N. V. does not come out) - we will finish "First Love" and start A. N. Ostrovsky (play "Poverty is not a vice")
Episodes
IN work of art, as in life, the episode plays a big role. Indeed, in our life, characters are revealed precisely in small situations. Do you want to understand someone better? See how he behaves in minute situations.
Writers actively use it. Therefore, we turn to any episode of the story.
Take one of the episodes
(for example, “Game of forfeits” (ch. VII);
"Thunderstorm" (ch. VII);
"Jump from the wall" (ch. XII);
“Explanation of Zinaida with her father” (Chapter XXI), but you can take absolutely any episode for analysis) and describe it, please, according to the proposed plan.
E p i s o d e P lan
1. Episode Location In the development of the plot and composition of the work. Its conditional name.
2. The speech structure of the episode: dialog ( speech characteristics heroes, features of the author's remarks), narration (image of events), description (portrait, landscape, psychological state of the heroes), author's reasoning (lyrical digressions).
3. What events are happening in the episode, who participates in them, what sides of the character of the characters are revealed? (Or: What is described and how? What details of the descriptions can be considered key? What thesis is proved in the author's reasoning? What is the pathos of the author's narration?)
4. How and for what purpose does the author use the details of subject representation? (Or: What arguments does the author give to prove his theses?)
5. What figurative and expressive means of artistic speech does the writer use, for what purpose?
6. What is the emotional tone of the episode. How is it created?
7. Determine the theme and problem of the work. How did they develop in this episode? What is the significance of the episode for revealing the main idea of the work, expressing the author's position?
Characteristics of the heroes of the story
Of course, we will focus on the heroes" love triangle":Zinaida, Voldemar and father
A plan to help you understand the hero of the story
- Portrait (based on quotes only)
- Landscape and its role in revealing the characteristics of the character
- Speech
- Actions (key episodes)
- Conclusions.
The story “First Love” is a work about the complexity of human relationships, about how tragic relationships between people can be if they are not based on love. This is the tragedy of a father bound by marital ties, a family in which there is no love. This is the tragedy of Zinaida, who fell in love with the man of her dreams, but due to circumstances did not have the opportunity to connect with him. This is the tragedy of the boy Voldemar, whose first love turned out to be so dramatic.
But still, the most important thing is Love as a wonderful feeling, as an eternal human value. Even tragic, unrequited love is beautiful if only because it awakens in a person the best strings of his soul.
Glory came to this greatest writer not only thanks to novels and short stories. Numerous stories, plays, poems in prose played an important role. He was a very versatile writer.
The author did not pursue quantity. It is known that he wrote his works slowly, nurturing the idea for a long time. Despite this, his works regularly appeared on the pages of magazines and in separate books.
The famous story "First Love" Turgenev wrote when he was already 42 years old. In his work, he tried to comprehend the past years, to understand his past. Therefore, the whole literary plot steeped in autobiography.
The history of the creation and design of the story "First Love"
Turgenev's story with a beautiful and unusual title - "First Love" was written by the author at a time when he was in the city on the Neva. It is known that the events that once happened to the writer himself served as the basis for the author's plot. And so, being in St. Petersburg from January to March 1860, he takes on his new work, the idea of which had long been born in his head.
According to the plot, the author tells about emotional experiences that caused new feelings in the main character. A small childhood love on the pages of Turgenev's story turns into adult love, filled with tragedy and sacrifice. It is known that almost every hero of this work had prototypes, since this story was written on the basis of the author's personal emotional experience and the events that once happened in his family.
As the writer himself later admitted, he tried to portray all events as they are, without hiding or embellishing anything.
"A real incident is described without the slightest embellishment."
The author believed that there was nothing wrong with telling the truth, no, he had nothing to hide, and someone would take his plot as a model and this would help to avoid many mistakes and tragedies. This Turgenev story was first published in Russia, the year of its publication is 1860.
The plot of Turgenev's story "First Love" is built as if it were memories. The story is told from the perspective of an elderly man who remembers his first love. The author took as the main character of his story young man Vladimir, who was barely 16 years old.
According to the plot, the main character, along with his family, goes to rest in a family estate, which is located outside the city. In this rural peace and tranquility, he meets a young and beautiful girl. Zinaida at that time was already 21 years old. But Vladimir is not at all embarrassed by the age difference. So the main female character appears in Turgenev's story - Zinaida Alexandrovna Zasekina. Of course, she is young and beautiful, so it's hard not to fall in love. Yes, Vladimir fell in love with Zina, but it turns out that he is not the only one in love. Around a pretty girl there are constantly applicants for her location.
But the character of the girl is not the most diligent. Realizing that men really like her, Zina is not averse to sometimes cruelly making fun of them. So she doesn’t like Vladimir at all, but, seeing his suffering, she decides to play him a little, showing her capricious and playful disposition. Sometimes Zinaida Alexandrovna makes fun of him in front of everyone, because he is too young. But Turgenev's hero endures all this, as he is deeply in love. And only after some time Vladimir suddenly finds out that Zinaida is also very much in love and this object of her love is his father.
One day he witnesses a secret meeting between Zinaida Alexandrova and Pyotr Vasilyevich, his father. From everything he saw and said, he understood that his father left the girl forever, because the whole family was leaving back to the city from the village. And a week later, Vladimir's father has a completely unexpected stroke, and he dies. Zinaida is getting married very soon to some Mr. Dolsky. Four years later, the young woman dies in childbirth.
Prototypes of the heroes of Turgenev's story "First Love"
All Turgenev's heroes in his story "First Love" have fictitious names, but according to the memoirs of contemporaries, they all have prototypes. As soon as the story came out, everyone recognized real people in it: the writer himself, his mother, father and the girl with whom the author was in love. Let's take a closer look at their prototypes:
♦ Vladimir, Turgenev's main hero is the author himself, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.
♦ Zinaida Alexandrovna - Princess Ekaterina Lvovna Shakhovskaya, who was a poetess. It is known that the young author was deeply in love with her, but it soon became clear that she was his father's mistress. Her fate: marriage and death after childbirth, were in reality.
♦ Pyotr Vasilyevich, the father of the protagonist - Sergei Nikolayevich Turgenev, who married a woman for convenience. Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova was much older than him, and he did not love her at all. Hence his romances with other women.
It is known that due to the fact that the marriage of the writer's father was not for love, the novels of Sergei Nikolayevich were frequent. His wife, the mother of the writer, was engaged in housekeeping, stood firmly on her feet. Therefore, the couple lived on their own. In the story, the author shows such a married couple, from the relationship of which their son suffers - a completely young creature. It is easy to recognize the author himself. This whole story takes place at the moment when Ivan Turgenev lives in a village, in the Moscow region, in order to prepare for exams for entering the university.
The young man is passionately in love, and the girl flirts and jokes with him. Volodya completely forgets about his studies and thinks only about Zinochka. Therefore, so much in Turgenev's story is devoted to describing the experiences and feelings of a young man, which are constantly changing and in some ways even resemble a storm, a flash. It is worth noting that Volodya is still happy, although the girl just laughs at him. But still, the anxiety gradually grows, and soon the young man begins to understand that Zina is not so simple: she has a secret life and she is also in love with someone.
Soon, not only the hero, but also the readers begin to guess who Zinaida is in love with. The tone of the whole narrative of Turgenev's story changes greatly and the word "love", which before that was stormy and enthusiastic, becomes dark and tragic. The feelings of the girl are much deeper than that of the main character. And Vladimir understands that this is what it is true love. It's so different, everyone has their own, which is impossible to understand and explain. And as confirmation of this - the ending of the story, where the hero becomes a witness to the explanation of two people in love who cannot be together.
But Volodya is not offended by them, realizing that this love is real and he has no right to condemn or interfere with such true love. This love is multifaceted, beautiful, complex. The author himself tried to find it all his life.
Composition of Turgenev's story
In its composition, Turgenev's story "First Love" is a rather simple work, but deep and meaningful. It has twenty chapters. The narrative is built in the form of memories, so the presentation is sequential and in the first person, since the author is the main character himself, who talks about what happened to him in his youth. Although the name, of course, has been changed: Vladimir Petrovich.
Turgenev's story begins with a short prologue that shows the background to all these memories and introduces the reader to what they are about to learn. So, Vladimir, being at the age, in one of the companies tells the story of his first and tragic love. He does not want to tell his friends orally, as they did, but informs them that he will definitely write this story and read it to them at the next new meeting. And he keeps his word. After that, the story itself follows.
Detailed analysis of the twelfth chapter of Turgenev's story
A special place in the entire Turgenev story is occupied by the twelfth chapter, which is the culmination of the entire plot. It is here, in this chapter, that the hero's feelings reach their highest intensity. In it, the author describes that feeling, better than which he never had in his life. The plot of this chapter allows you to understand a girl who at first seems frivolous and not serious, but it turns out that she is capable of suffering and deep and serious feelings. But only these "illegal" feelings become a real tragedy for her, and, most likely, this pushes her to commit unpredictable, and sometimes cruel acts.
The author argued that what he had to endure at the age of 16 is simply bliss, which, unfortunately, will never happen again. The writer measured a lot of things in life through love, therefore, his heroes in Turgenev's story pass through the test of love. Ivan Sergeevich shows that his heroes must necessarily take place as individuals. Turgenev's psychologism is always secret, he does not give their open description, only general hints that helped readers plunge into the depths of sensuality. In this chapter, there are many experiences of Vladimir, which show his inner world, and this helps to understand the content of the entire work.
With the help of his work, Turgenev himself was able to relive his youthful excitement, and show the reader all the versatility of love.
“I didn’t have a first love,” he said at last, “I just started with a second one,” such a strange and even, at first glance, absurd thought practically begins the story of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev “First Love”. Of course, this technique is only an additional highlight of the work, these words sound from the lips minor hero who does not appear again in the story. But this phrase can surprise, make you think, or at least get interested. The reader thinks: everyone had a first love. But the writer, enriched by vivid life experience, seems to answer with his story: for everyone who loved.
The story "First love" - real story writer's love. Moreover, the story is so tender, touching and real in its inconsistency that it is worth the great attention of everyone who wants to feel, together with the main character, the first love of a sixteen-year-old boy and his first steps in knowing adult love, though not his own, but people dear to him.
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev did not hide the fact that the story of his story "First Love" was his own story. That the prototype of the protagonist Vladimir Petrovich is himself, the prototype of Pyotr Vasilyevich is his father, and the prototype of the beautiful Zinaida Alexandrovna is Turgenev's first love and his father's mistress, Princess Ekaterina Lvovna Shakhovskaya.
According to the plot of the story, the main character Vladimir Petrovich, a sixteen-year-old young man, fell in love with a charming twenty-one-year-old girl, the daughter of an impoverished princess, Zinaida Alexandrovna, who moved to live in an outbuilding that was rented out by Vladimir's family. As it turned out later, Zinaida secretly met with Vladimir's father, Pyotr Vasilyevich, who married for convenience and did not love Vladimir's mother. There were mutual feelings between the father of the protagonist and Zinaida, but a legal marriage, a money issue and, possibly, other life obstacles that are not emphasized in the story, could not allow this story to end happily.
For the fact that the writer did not hide this family truth, he was condemned, the public did not want to accept such a real story. Turgenev himself believed that nothing worth hiding could be found in this story:
“A real incident is described without the slightest embellishment ... I portrayed my father. Many condemned me for this, and in particular they condemned me for the fact that I never hid it. But I don't think there's anything wrong with that."
In the work itself, the writer, through the main character, also shows that "there is nothing bad in this." Moreover, an important feature of the relationship between father, son and their different love to the same woman is revealed in the story through the son's feelings for his father. They did not change after Vladimir found out about the relationship between his father and Zinaida Alexandrovna, on the contrary, he began to respect his father even more:
“My wound healed slowly; but, in fact, I had no bad feeling against my father. On the contrary: he seemed to have grown up in my eyes... Let the psychologists explain this contradiction as they know.”
Really, explain how you want. It is, and the writer does not hide it. His feelings for his father are not accidental, they contain something important: what prejudices, obligations, family ties or chains can you talk about if, along with this, very close, there is true love? Who will be against a sincere passionate feeling, who will dare to condemn it?
On the feminine side of this love story stands the image of the young princess Zinaida Alexandrovna. This is a bright and at the same time sinful angel, whose sacrifice and devotion is admirable. Everyone around seems to be in love with the princess. Rich and talented people are ready to marry her. But she loves the one and only, with whom the happiness of living together is not destined.
As soon as Zinaida moved into the wing near Vladimir's house, his young, ardent heart, seeking love, could not resist the charms of a beautiful creature. But even after Vladimir found out about the relationship between Zinaida and his father, he not only continues to love her with his special love, but also begins to really understand Zinaida as a human being and even admire her sacrificial feelings:
“One thought did not go out of my head: how could she, a young girl - well, still a princess, decide on such an act, knowing that my father was not a free man, and having the opportunity to marry at least, for example, Belovzorov ? What did she hope for? How could she not be afraid to ruin her whole future? Yes, I thought, this is love, this is passion, this is devotion ... and I remembered Lushin's words: sacrificing oneself is sweet for others.
So, thanks to a combination of circumstances, Vladimir Petrovich began to understand a real adult feeling. But not through his own, first, tender love, but through the mutual strong feelings of his father and this very “first love” of the protagonist.
Rethinking the relationship of Zinaida Alexandrovna with her father and his own experience of love, Vladimir realized that his feelings are only a prelude to something greater and more powerful:
“The last month has made me very old - and my love, with all its worries and sufferings, seemed to me something so small, and childish, and miserable in front of that other, unknown something that I could hardly guess and which I frightened, like an unfamiliar, beautiful, but formidable face, which you try in vain to make out in the twilight ... "
Vladimir's father, who found himself in a tragic situation, in his last letter to his son wrote the following line: “My son,” he wrote to me, “be afraid female love, be afraid of this happiness, this poison ... ”But the main character, recalling his first strong feelings, which are undoubtedly strongly connected with the images and fates of Zinaida Alexandrovna and Pyotr Vasilyevich, says:
“And now, when evening shadows are already beginning to overtake my life, what is left for me more fresh, more expensive than the memories of that quickly flying, morning, spring thunderstorm?”
And if this is only the first love, then what can we say about those moments of happiness experienced by people who love each other not “quickly flying”, but such, for which it’s not scary to give one’s life, love? Perhaps this was precisely the love of Father Turgenev and the young princess. And it is about this feeling, as opposed to the “morning, spring thunderstorm,” that the writer tells in his story.
"First Love" is a work of art that can teach you to feel. This is the beauty of form and the truth of life. Not everyone can present their personal story so vividly, interestingly and tastefully. Not everyone will be able to notice the main and secondary in it, not everyone will find suitable nuances, correctly place accents and add the necessary “accessories”. Not to mention that not everyone's life is painted with such bright, contrasting colors. Or maybe not everyone wants to see something in their life that may interest others. In a word, Ivan Sergeevich is a classic of literature, a master of his craft. And his love story, set out in the story, is another proof of this.
Illustration: Nikita Melikhov
The description of Zinaida testifies to her romanticism, youth; Vladimir sees the girl among the greenery, in the garden - this reveals Zina's connection with nature, the harmony of her image. Everything is good in her, and Vladimir is ready to give everything so that “these fingers slap on his forehead” too. Fans are crowding around the girl, who is not yet familiar to the protagonist - it is clear that she seems to Turgenev a mystery, and he would, perhaps, submit to her will. Some time after they met, Vladimir falls in love with Zinaida. The feeling of the young man is obvious: he is trying to stand out from the mass of admirers in front of her, fulfills many of her desires, which Zinaida unconsciously expresses; in the end, this is only his first love, and "what is in the soul, then on the face."
Zinaida sees this love; she is torn between Vladimir and his father, who is also infatuated with her. Turgenev emphasizes Zina's ability to understand other people's experiences, her prudence. She carefully weighs the situation before coming to a decision: to become a mistress married man by destroying his family, or loving his son, still a boy?
Turgenev also conveys the torment before the choice, emphasizing her humanity and sincerity. “I’m disgusted with everything,” she whispered, “I would go to the ends of the world, I can’t bear it, I can’t cope ... And what awaits me ahead! .. Oh, it’s hard for me ... my God, how hard! ”
Vladimir's mother does not like the princess and the princess: she calls the girl a proud and grisette, and her mother is “une femme capable de tout”, a woman capable of anything. But this does not drop Zinaida in the eyes of the reader - after all, the mother is worried about her son, who fell in love with a poor girl with many admirers, she does not want the boy to be unhappy. The poor woman is jealous of the young neighbor and her husband. Turgenev takes pity on Vladimir's mother: her husband does not need her, who married her for convenience, being ten years younger than her; she never calls him by name - this emphasizes her uselessness to a rude husband. The author understands her feelings.
Turgenev looks at the whole situation not as obsolete memories; he seemed to be going through everything himself, sympathizing with Vladimir, his mother, Zina! There is no irony in his attitude towards Vladimir - and this is manifested in the description of traits, actions. And although Vladimir Petrovich himself recounts the events, he does not ridicule his mistakes, does not condemn anyone. If the image of Zina is written with reverence, then the author sympathizes with Vladimir. His portrait is not given, as the narration is in the first person. We can judge the inexperience of the young man, he is still just a child: only a month ago his tutor left him, the boy shoots a raven in the garden, he does not know how to react to Zinaida's tears, to dishonorable act father. Vladimir sincerely loves Zina, he fulfills her quirks: he jumps from a high wall, participates in ridiculous games. In his attitude towards the hero, Turgenev demonstrates sympathy, empathy - problems have fallen on his head, which sometimes even an adult cannot solve. The depth of Vladimir's feelings is emphasized by the author's complete lack of selfishness - the young man wants only the happiness of his beloved, he wants her not to suffer and be with those who are dear to her.
Thanks to the kind of management storyline in the story, the depiction of the characters by the author, the reader looks at the events through the eyes of a sixteen-year-old boy.
So, the pure image of this young man is written with sympathy and sympathy.
What is the attitude of the author to the young man's father, Pyotr Vasilyevich? Everything shows that Vladimir, and therefore Turgenev, condemns him with restraint. Here is what the narrator says about his father: “My father, a man still young and very handsome, married her (mother) for convenience; she was ten years older than him. My mother led a sad life: she was constantly worried, jealous - but not in the presence of her father; she was very afraid of him, but he behaved sternly, coldly, remotely...”
These lines explain the harsh character, coldness with his son and wife, the dishonesty of Pyotr Vasilyevich. Only egoism governs him - but the author does not speak about this directly; he only talks about the behavior of this character, without commenting on his actions.
It is hard not to notice that Turgenev expects the reader to evaluate the intrigue of the story, close to the main character, the boy, which means that we will not find in the work an open condemnation of the father by the son.
Simultaneously with Vladimir's love for Zinaida, Pyotr Vasilyevich is also fond of the girl. However, he is not interested in the feelings of an unhappy wife, a son in love and Zina. Quarrels break out between the spouses, Vladimir suffers, Zinaida rushes between father and son - and Pyotr Vasilyevich calmly uses the situation for his own purposes. The suffering and pain of loved ones does not bother him.
Vladimir does not believe until the last minute that his father is deceiving him and his mother, although everyone around is talking about it. Once Volodya sees his father in the night garden, going to the princess, but justifies him in his own eyes. For a boy, he is an undeniable ideal.
At the end of the story, Pyotr Vasilyevich takes his son for a horseback ride and stops by the princess, thinking that Volodya does not see him. This is when a young man's hopes are dashed.
Perhaps the prototype of Pyotr Vasilyevich was Turgenev's mother, a cruel and power-hungry woman? If so, it is precisely because of this that the author respects, but does not love, Father Vladimir.
Pyotr Vasilyevich himself knows that he hurts everyone: his wife, son, Zina. His cruelty is also emphasized by the fact that he is capable of inflicting not only moral suffering, but also physical pain on loved ones: “Father suddenly raised the whip with which he knocked dust from the hem of his coat, and a sharp blow was heard on this bare arm to the elbow. I could hardly restrain myself from crying out, and Zinaida shuddered, silently looked at my father and, slowly raising her hand to her lips, kissed the scar that had turned red on her. This episode takes place during the horse ride of Vladimir and his father. To convince the young man of the cruelty of his father, the author gave him the opportunity to be there at that very moment.
Reading any talented work, we are involuntarily imbued with the feelings of the author, we can easily see his position. Moreover, it is enough for the author to describe several features of the hero, and not speak openly about the qualities of the character - and the reader will understand how the author relates to his hero or his idea, which means that he will build his own judgment on this. We soon learned of Turgenev's attitude towards the young, fledgling Vladimir; to Zinaida, who is in confusion and placed before difficult choice, to Peter Vasilievich, dry and cruel destroyer.
The skill of Turgenev as a writer is apparently manifested in the fact that when reading a story, one does not think about what kind of artistic techniques the author achieves the desired effect. No normal person would probably think that the scene of Zinaida's humiliation in the episode with the whip was written in order to demonstrate the cruelty and inhumanity of Pyotr Vasilyevich. At the same time, this episode, like the whole story, carries a certain emotional charge - the author's reverent attitude to the sincere feeling of the young hero, Turgenev's contempt for prudence, coldness, selfishness. Indeed, despite the century that has passed since the writing of the story, despite the significantly changed relations between people, the position of the author of “First Love” remains understandable and close modern reader. Perhaps because first love is a concept that exists outside of time, Turgenev's talent and skill allow us to make sure that the feelings experienced by his heroes in the last century are quite relevant today.
