The novel "Oblomov", written by Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov, was published in one thousand eight hundred and fifty-ninth year. This is the author's best work, and even now it enjoys success among readers. Ivan Alexandrovich in "Oblomov" depicted the traditional type of Russian person, the embodiment of which in the work was Ilya Ilyich.
Let us turn to the novel and see how the author gradually, in full, reveals the image of Oblomov. Goncharov introduces his hero to different situations in order to maximize all the disadvantages and advantages of the Oblomov type. Ilya Ilyich goes through trials both by friendship and love, and, nevertheless, is he doomed to disappear?
To answer this question, let's analyze his life. The first time we meet with Oblomov is in his apartment on Gorokhovaya Street, but during the novel we learn more and more about him, and therefore we can imagine a rather intelligible picture of his past life. Ilya Ilyich's childhood passed in the family estate - Oblomovka. Ilyusha was a playful boy. He, like all children, wanted movement, new impressions, but his parents in every possible way protected him from unnecessary worries, did not burden him with anything, but forbade him to show any freedom.
Sometimes the gentle solicitude of his parents bored him. Whether he will run down the stairs or across the yard, suddenly ten desperate voices are heard after him: “Ah, ah! hold it, stop it! will fall, hurt! Wait, wait ... "
It is not for nothing that Dobrolyubov writes: “From an early age he sees that all housework is done by lackeys and maids, and papa and mamma only give orders and scold for bad performance. Therefore, he will not kill himself over work, no matter what they say to him about the necessity and sacredness of work. And now he already had the first notion - that sitting with folded hands is more honorable than fussing at work ... ”Indeed, all decisions in the house were made without his participation, and Ilya's fate was decided behind his back, so he had no idea of \u200b\u200badulthood in which got completely unprepared.
So, having arrived in the city, Ilya Ilyich tried to find an occupation to his liking. He tried to write, to serve as an official, but all this seemed to him empty, meaningless, because there he had to do business, which, due to his upbringing, he did not like, especially the meaning of these activities Oblomov did not know and did not strive to understand, therefore considered that this is not life, because it does not correspond to his ideals, which consist in a peaceful, calm, carefree life, hearty food and serene sleep. This is exactly the way of life that Oblomov leads at the beginning of the novel. He did not pay much attention to his appearance: he was wearing a robe that was of particular importance for Ilya Ilyich. These were the clothes that he considered best for himself: the robe “soft, flexible; he, like an obedient slave, obeys the slightest movement of the body. " It seems to me that the robe is a key detail in Oblomov's portrait, since it symbolizes the way of life of this person, to some extent reveals to us his character: lazy, calm, thoughtful. Ilya Ilyich is a homebody. There is no tyranny in Oblomov, inherent in the owners of serfs, or stinginess, or any sharply negative qualities. This is a kind sloth prone to daydreaming.
His portrait and the interior of the room tell us a lot about the character of the protagonist. Oblomov is a man of about thirty two or three years old, “of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, any concentration in the facial features,” which indicates the absence of a goal in life. At first glance, it seemed that his room was beautifully cleaned, but, looking closely, you notice a layer of dust on all things, unfinished books, remnants of meals, which suggests that a person living here is trying to create the appearance of decency of that time, but not a single thing does not complete.
This was the impression of Ilya Ilyich only at the beginning of the novel, because, having met Olga, he was greatly transformed, the former Oblomov remained only in his memories, and the new one began to read, write, work a lot, set goals and strive for them. He, as if, woke up from a long hibernation and began to catch up. That's what love does to a person! Moreover, Olga all the time urged Ilya to action. Finally, a full-blooded life began to play in him.
Love of Oblomov and Ilyinskaya continues until Ilya Ilyich has to face real life, until decisive action is required of him, until Olga realizes that she loves the future Oblomov. “I recently found out that I loved in you what I wanted to be in you, what Stolz pointed out to me, what we invented with him. I loved the future Oblomov! " Neither friendship, nor even such pure, sincere love could make him give up his peaceful, calm, carefree life. Ilya Ilyich moved to the Vyborg side, which can be called the “new Oblomovka”, because there he returned to his former way of life. Pshenitsyn's widow is exactly the ideal of a wife that was presented to Oblomov during his dreams, she does not force him to do anything, does not require anything. And Ilya Ilyich from such a life again begins to degrade. But I don't think you can blame him for everything. “What killed you? There is no name for this evil ... ”- Olga exclaims at parting. "There is ... Oblomovism!" he whispered, barely audibly.
Oblomov himself was well aware that the life he leads would not bring anything to future generations, but there was no such motive life force that could bring him out of a state of apathy towards everything around him. Ilya Ilyich “painfully felt that he was buried, as in a grave, some kind of good, bright beginning ... But the treasure was deeply and heavily littered with rubbish, superficial rubbish. Someone seemed to have stolen and buried in his own soul the treasures brought to him by the world and life ”.
Oblomov is kind and hospitable: his doors are open to all friends and acquaintances. Even Tarantiev, who is rude and arrogant with Ilya Ilyich, often dines at his house.
And love for Olga reveals his best qualities: kindness, nobility, honesty and “dovish tenderness”.
Is Oblomov significantly different from most people? Of course, laziness, apathy and inertia are in one way or another characteristic of many. The reasons for the appearance of such qualities can be different. Some people believe that their whole life is a continuous series of failures and disappointments, therefore they do not seek to change it for the better. Others are afraid of difficulties, so they try to protect themselves from them whenever possible. However, people still have to face reality, learn about its cruel sides, struggle with difficulties in order to celebrate success or fail as a result. This is precisely the meaning of human life.
If a person decides to protect himself from all possible and impossible difficulties, then his life gradually turns into something completely monstrous. This is exactly what happened with Oblomov. Unwillingness to live according to the existing laws of life leads to a gradual, but very rapid degradation. At first, a person thinks that it is still possible to change, that very little time will pass and he will "rise again", shake off laziness and despondency, like an old dress, and take up affairs that have been waiting for him for a long time. But time passes, strength is depleted. And the person still remains in the same place.
Introduction
Goncharov's novel Oblomov is a landmark work of Russian literature of the 19th century, describing the phenomenon of Oblomovism, which is characteristic of Russian society. A striking representative of this social trend in the book is Ilya Oblomov, who comes from a family of landowners, whose family way was a reflection of the norms and rules of Domostroi. Developing in such an atmosphere, the hero gradually absorbed the values \u200b\u200band priorities of his parents, which greatly influenced the formation of his personality. A brief description of Oblomov in the novel "Oblomov" is given by the author at the beginning of the work - he is an apathetic, introverted, dreamy man who prefers to live his life in dreams and illusions, presenting and experiencing fictional pictures so vividly that he can sometimes sincerely rejoice or cry from those scenes that are born in his mind. Oblomov's inner softness and sensuality seemed to be reflected in his appearance: all his movements, even in moments of anxiety, were restrained by external softness, grace and delicacy, excessive for a man. The hero was flabby beyond his years, had soft shoulders and small plump hands, and a sedentary and inactive lifestyle was read in his sleepy gaze, which lacked any concentration or some basic idea.
Oblomov's life
As if a continuation of the soft, apathetic, lazy Oblomov, the novel describes the life of the hero. At first glance, his room was beautifully decorated: “There was a mahogany bureau, two sofas upholstered with silk fabric, beautiful screens with embroidered birds and fruits unprecedented in nature. There were silk curtains, carpets, several paintings, bronze, porcelain and many beautiful little things. " However, if you look closer, you can see cobwebs, dusty mirrors and long-open and forgotten books, stains on carpets, uncleaned household items, bread crumbs and even a forgotten plate with a gnawed bone. All this made the hero's room unkempt, abandoned, gave the impression that no one had lived here for a long time: the owners had long since left their homes without having time to clean up. To some extent, this was true: Oblomov had not lived in the real world for a long time, replacing it with an illusory world. This is especially clearly seen in the episode when his acquaintances come to the hero, but Ilya Ilyich does not even bother to extend his hand to them to greet, and, moreover, to get out of bed to meet the visitors. The bed in this case (like the dressing gown) is the borderline between the world of dreams and reality, that is, getting out of bed, Oblomov to some extent would agree to live in the real dimension, but the hero did not want this.
The influence of "Oblomovism" on Oblomov's personality
The origins of Oblomov's all-encompassing escapism, his irresistible desire to escape from reality, lie in the "Oblomov" upbringing of the hero, about which the reader learns from the description of Ilya Ilyich's dream. The character's native estate, Oblomovka, was located far from the central part of Russia, located in a picturesque, peaceful area, where there have never been strong storms or hurricanes, and the climate was calm and mild. Life in the village flowed steadily, and time was measured not by seconds and minutes, but by holidays and rituals - births, weddings or funerals. The monotonous quiet nature was reflected in the character of Oblomovka residents - the most important value for them was rest, laziness and the opportunity to eat well. Labor was viewed as a punishment and people tried in every possible way to avoid it, to delay the moment of work, or to force someone else to do it.
It is noteworthy that the characterization of Oblomov's hero in childhood differs significantly from the image that appears to readers at the beginning of the novel. Little Ilya was an active child with a wonderful imagination, interested in many people and open to the world. He liked to walk and explore the surrounding nature, but the rules of Oblomov's life did not imply his freedom, so his parents gradually re-educated him in their own image and likeness, growing him as a “greenhouse plant”, protecting him from the hardships of the outside world, the need to work and learn new things. Even the fact that they gave Ilya to study was more a tribute to fashion than a real necessity, because for any slightest reason they themselves left their son at home. As a result, the hero grew up, as if closed from society, not wanting to work and relying in everything on the fact that if any difficulties arise, it will be possible to shout "Zakhar" and the servant will come and do everything for him.
The reasons for Oblomov's desire to get away from reality
The description of Oblomov, the hero of Goncharov's novel, gives a vivid idea of \u200b\u200bIlya Ilyich as a person who is firmly fenced off from the real world and internally does not want to change. The reasons for this lie in Oblomov's childhood. Little Ilya was very fond of listening to tales and legends about great heroes and heroes that the nanny told him, and then imagine himself as one of these characters - a person in whose life a miracle will happen at one moment, which will change the current state of affairs and make the hero a cut above others. However, fairy tales differ significantly from life, where miracles do not happen by themselves, and in order to achieve success in society and a career, you must constantly work, step over the falls and persistently move forward.
Greenhouse education, where Oblomov was taught that someone else would do everything for him, combined with the dreamy, sensual nature of the hero, led to the inability of Ilya Ilyich to fight difficulties. This feature of Oblomov manifested itself even at the moment of the first failure in the service - the hero, fearing punishment (although, perhaps, no one would have punished him, and the matter would have been decided by a banal warning), he quits his job and does not want to face a world where everyone for himself. An alternative to harsh reality for the hero is the world of his dreams, where he imagines a wonderful future in Oblomovka, his wife and children, a pacifying calmness that reminds him of his own childhood. However, all these dreams remain only dreams, in reality Ilya Ilyich in every possible way postpones the issues of arranging his native village, which is gradually destroyed without the participation of a reasonable owner.
Why didn't Oblomov find himself in real life?
The only person who could get Oblomov out of his constant half-asleep idleness was the hero's childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. He was the complete opposite of Ilya Ilyich, both in external description and in character. Always active, striving forward, able to achieve any goals, Andrei Ivanovich nevertheless treasured his friendship with Oblomov, since in communication with him he found that warmth and understanding that he really lacked in his environment.
Stolz was most fully aware of the destructive influence of "Oblomovism" on Ilya Ilyich, therefore, until the last moment, he tried with all his might to pull him out into real life. Once Andrei Ivanovich almost succeeded when he introduced Oblomov to Ilyinskaya. But Olga, in her desire to change the personality of Ilya Ilyich, was driven exclusively by her own egoism, and not by an altruistic desire to help a loved one. At the moment of parting, the girl tells Oblomov that she could not bring him back to life, because he was already dead. On the one hand, this is so, the hero is too firmly mired in "Oblomovism", and in order to change his attitude towards life, it took inhuman efforts and patience. On the other hand, active and purposeful by nature, Ilyinskaya did not understand that Ilya Ilyich needed time to transform, and he could not change himself and his life in one jerk. The break with Olga became for Oblomov an even greater failure than a mistake in the service, so he finally plunges into the networks of “Oblomovism”, leaves the real world, not wanting to experience mental pain anymore.
Conclusion
The author's characteristic of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, despite the fact that the hero is the central character, is ambiguous. Goncharov exposes both his positive traits (kindness, tenderness, sensuality, the ability to experience and sympathize) and negative (laziness, apathy, unwillingness to decide anything on his own, refusal of self-development), depicting a multifaceted personality in front of the reader, which can cause both sympathy and disgust. At the same time, Ilya Ilyich is undoubtedly one of the most accurate depictions of a truly Russian person, his nature and character traits. This particular ambiguity and versatility of Oblomov's image allow even modern readers to discover something important for themselves in the novel, posing those eternal questions that Goncharov raised in the novel.
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Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the protagonist of Goncharov's novel of the same name. This image is unique in that it fully exposes an uncharacteristic negative quality in the field of literature, but the inherent state of every person is laziness. Some people find the strength to overcome laziness and make laziness a periodic guest, for some, as in Oblomov's case, laziness becomes a constant companion in life. Why is this happening, is there a way out of this situation and on whom does the result of such a confrontation depend? Goncharov gives answers to these questions, depicting all the consequences of such a life on the example of the nobleman Oblomov.
Oblomov is of noble origin
"A nobleman by birth." He has 300 serfs:
"Three hundred souls".
Ilya Ilyich is the owner of the family estate, in which he has not been for 12 years:
"The twelfth year in St. Petersburg"
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov lives in Petersburg on:
"Gorokhovaya street"
His age is not exactly known
He is "a man of about thirty-two or three years of age."
Oblomov has an attractive appearance, he evokes sympathy:
"Of medium height, good-looking"
He has gray eyes, but they are kind of empty:
"With dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, any concentration in the facial features."
Oblomov leads a passive way of life, he is rarely out of the house, so his face seems colorless:
“Ilya Ilyich's complexion was neither ruddy, nor dark, nor positively pale, but indifferent, or seemed so, perhaps because Oblomov was somehow flabby beyond his years: from a lack of movement or air, or maybe, both ”.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the summary of the novel by I. Goncharov, which talks about the two sides of Russia in the 19th century.
Carelessness is Oblomov's constant state, his personal belongings also acquire this characteristic:
"From the face, carelessness passed into postures of the whole body, even into the folds of a dressing gown."
At times, his state of carelessness changed to boredom or fatigue:
“Sometimes his eyes were darkened by an expression as if tired or bored; but neither fatigue nor boredom could not for a minute drive away from the face the softness, which was the dominant and basic expression, not only of the face, but of the whole soul. "
Oblomov's favorite clothes - dressing gown
"... Made of Persian fabric, a real oriental robe, without the slightest hint of Europe, without tassels, without velvet, without a waist, very roomy, so Oblomov could wrap himself in it twice."
His robe was considerably worn, but Oblomov is not embarrassed by this: “it lost its original freshness and in some places replaced its primitive, natural gloss with another, acquired one, but still retained the brightness of oriental paint and the strength of the fabric”.
Ilya Ilyich chose the dressing gown because it is as “soft” as its owner:
“The dressing gown had in Oblomov's eyes the darkness of invaluable virtues: it is soft, flexible; the body does not feel it on itself; he, like an obedient slave, obeys the slightest movement of the body. "
Oblomov's favorite pastime is lying on the couch, he has no good reason for this - he does it out of laziness:
"Lying down for Ilya Ilyich was neither a necessity, like a patient or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state."
In Ilya Ilyich's office there are many things that their owner does not need - they were purchased and supplied because it was so:
“I looked at the decoration of my office so coldly and absent-mindedly, as if asking with my eyes:“ Who dragged and instructed all this? ”.
In the house, rented by Oblomov, there is no order - dust and debris were evenly distributed over all objects: “On the walls, near the paintings, a cobweb, saturated with dust, was molded like scallops; mirrors, instead of reflecting objects, could rather serve as tablets for writing down some notes on them by dust. The carpets were stained. "
The days of Ilya Ilyich always follow the same scenario - he does not get up for a long time, walks on the couch and intends to get up all morning, to redo a bunch of things, but he constantly puts off his intention:
“I set out to get up, wash my face and, having drunk tea, think well, figure something out ... For half an hour he lay there, tormented by this intention, but then decided that he would still have time to do this after tea, bed, especially since nothing prevents lying and thinking. "
Some time later, the Oblomovs were rich and wealthy, but then things got worse, why this happened, the Oblomovs themselves do not know:
"He grew poorer, became shallow and finally imperceptibly lost between the old noble houses."
Oblomov often likes to call Zakhar's servant to him, almost always these are empty requests, sometimes Ilya Ilyich himself does not know why he called Zakhar:
“Why did I call - I don’t remember! Go to your room for now, and I will remember. "
From time to time, Oblomov's apathy subsides, he reprimands Zakhara for the mess and garbage in the house, but the matter does not move further than reprimands - everything remains in its place: “... does the moth start from the dust? Sometimes I even see a bug on the wall! "
Ilya Ilyich does not like changes, the need to move makes him terribly upset, he tries to postpone this moment as much as possible, ignores the request of the homeowner to speed up the move:
“For a month, they say, they promised, but you’re not moving out… let the police know.”
Fear of changing your life
He himself is aware of such an intolerance for change.
"... I can't stand any changes."
Oblomov does not tolerate the cold:
"Do not come, do not come: you are from the cold!"
Dinner parties and large gatherings seem boring and stupid to Ilya Ilyich:
“Oh my God! Here is boredom - it must be hellish! "
Oblomov does not like to work:
"Work from eight to twelve, from twelve to five, and at home, oh, oh."
Penkin's characteristic about Oblomov:
"... an incorrigible, carefree sloth!"
Oblomov believes that the work should not be too tiring: "At night to write ... when to sleep something"
Oblomov's acquaintances are surprised at his inactivity. Taraniev says this about Ilya Ilyich's laziness:
"It is soon twelve o'clock, and he is lying around"
Tarantiev deceives Oblomov and often takes money from him: "... snatched the banknote from Oblomov's hands and promptly hid it in his pocket."
Several years ago Oblomov tried to enter the service and became a collegiate secretary. The work was given to him with difficulty:
"... running around, bustle began, everyone was embarrassed, everyone knocked each other off their feet."
In view of his laziness and absent-mindedness, service became hell for Oblomov, he barely served two years and left the service, considering this type of activity unsuitable for him:
"Ilya Ilyich suffered from fear and longing in the service, even with a kind, condescending boss."
Ilya Ilyich often makes mistakes in his work, once he mixed up the addresses and sent the necessary documents not to Astrakhan but to Arkhangelsk. When the error was found out, Oblomov was worried for a long time, because he realized the irresponsibility of his act:
“Although he and everyone else knew that the boss would only comment; but my own conscience was much stricter than a reprimand. "
The only person who can stir up this sloth is his childhood friend Andrei Stolts:
"Stolz's youthful heat infected Oblomov, and he burned out with a thirst for work."
Studying was difficult for Oblomov - his parents often gave him indulgences and left him at home, at a time when the educational process was not completed. Oblomov never tried to correct this state of affairs, the level of his education suits Ilya Ilyich:
“… He had a whole abyss between science and life, which he did not try to cross. He had life by itself, and science by itself. "
From constant idleness and immobility, Oblomov begins to appear various deviations in the functioning of the systems of his body:
"The stomach hardly boils, the stomach is heavy, heartburn tortured, breathing is hard."
He does not like to read any books or newspapers - Oblomov is satisfied with his detachment from life. This case is too tedious for the lazy Oblomov:
“The pages on which the books were unfolded were covered with dust and turned yellow; it is evident that they were abandoned long ago; the number of the newspaper was last year. "
Parents dreamed of the day when their son would gain a position in society, receive a significant promotion, but at the same time they did not understand that an uneducated person would never achieve this, they seriously thought that this could happen by chance or some kind of machination:
“They dreamed of a uniform sewn for him, imagined him as an adviser in the House, and even his mother as a governor; but they would like to achieve all this somehow cheaper, with various tricks. "
Zakhar's attempts to stir up the owner do not lead to anything good. Oblomov fights off the servant:
“Oblomov suddenly, unexpectedly jumped to his feet and rushed at Zakhar. Zakhar rushed from him as fast as he could, but on the third step Oblomov sobered completely out of sleep and began to stretch, yawning: "Give ... kvass."
Stolz and Oblomov are associated with childhood memories - Andrei cannot see how his friend's days pass aimlessly:
"Everyone is busy, only you don't need anything."
Stolz manages to activate Ilya Ilyich. He pulls Oblomov out into the light, where Ilya Ilyich at first feels ill at ease, but over time, this feeling passes. Stolz is agitating his friend to go abroad together. The friend agrees. Oblomov enthusiastically starts preparing:
"Ilya Ilyich already had his passport ready, he even ordered a travel coat and bought a cap."
Oblomov's love for Olga
Ilya Ilyich's love was the reason for the refusal to travel - a new feeling does not allow Oblomov to leave, even for a short time, the object of his adoration:
"Oblomov did not leave in a month or three." Oblomov's move is finally underway.
Ilya Ilyich does not experience stress at the same time - his thoughts are occupied by Olga Ilyinsky:
"Tarantiev moved his entire house to his godfather, to a side street on the Vyborg side."
Oblomov first fell in love. He is ashamed of his feelings, does not know how to act and how he should behave in relation to his beloved:
“My God, how pretty she is! There are such in the world! He thought, looking at her with almost frightened eyes.
Oblomov is a sensual, impulsive person, succumbing to emotions, he confesses his love to Olga:
"I feel ... not music ... but ... love."
Oblomov is not distinguished by courage - in difficult situations, he flees. It seems to him better than saying or doing something out of place: "I ran out of the rooms without looking back."
Ilya Ilyich is a conscientious person, he worries that his actions or words could provoke unpleasant experiences in those people who are dear to him:
"I was tormented by the fact that he frightened, insulted her"
Oblomov is a very emotional person, he is not used to hiding his feelings
"... I am not ashamed of the heart."
The emerging Love for Olga became the reason not only for his physical, but also mental activity. He begins to actively read books, because his beloved likes to listen to retellings of books, attends theater and opera. He behaves like a true romantic - he walks in nature, gives Olga flowers:
“He is with Olga from morning to evening; he reads with her, sends flowers, walks on the lake, in the mountains. "
Inactivity, fear of change played a cruel joke with Oblomov. The uncertainty that arose between Oblomov and Ilyinskaya became painful for the girl. Olga is afraid that Oblomov will not keep his word and not marry her, because he always has a lot of excuses to postpone the wedding. Oblomov cannot even dare to ask the girl's hand. This leads to a breakdown in relations:
“I loved the future Oblomov! You are meek, honest, Ilya; you are gentle ... a dove; you hide your head under the wing - and you want nothing more; you are ready to coo under the roof all your life. "
Oblomov returns to his usual life. Passivity and the absence of any activity other than lying on the couch and eating food is bad for his health - Oblomov gets an apoplectic stroke:
"They bleed and then announced that it was a stroke of apoplexy and that he needed to lead a different way of life."
Despite everything, Oblomov does not change his habits. Ilya Ilyich takes Stolz's arrival with enthusiasm, but no longer gives in to his persuasion to change his life. He is happy: he fell in love with the mistress of the house, who does not demand anything from him and takes care of him like a child:
"Do not make vain attempts, do not persuade me: I will stay here."
The fact that Pshenitsyna (Oblomov's new love) is not a noblewoman does not allow him to admit the real reasons for refusing to leave Petersburg: "Leave me completely ... forget ..."
Stolz is periodically interested in the fate of Oblomov. On his last visit to a friend, Andrei learns terrible news - Oblomov lives with Pshenitsyna as a wife, they have a child together. Oblomov realizes that he will not live long and asks a friend to take care of his son:
“… This child is my son! His name is Andrey, in memory of you. "
Death of Oblomov
Oblomov dies as quietly as he lived - no one heard Oblomov die, he was found dead on the couch, the cause of his death was a new apoplectic stroke:
"The head moved slightly from the pillow and the hand was convulsively pressed to the heart."
Oblomov's image is not devoid of positive qualities, but his laziness, apathy and fear of change reduce all aspirations and positives to nothing. His personality evokes feelings of regret in other characters in the novel. His friends try to help him get out of the swamp of laziness, but to no avail.
Oblomovism gained complete power over Ilya and became the cause of his death.
Already in "An Ordinary History", the first major work of IA Goncharov, he became interested in the type who later immortalized his name. Already there we see indications of the enormous social danger posed by the very special living conditions of the intelligent Russian society of the early and mid-19th century, which developed under the influence of serfdom.
This danger lies in "Oblomovism", and the dreamy romanticism, familiar to us from its bearer Aduev, is only one of the elements of this latter. A comprehensive depiction of Oblomovism was given by Goncharov in the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, to whose characterization we will now turn.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is one of the people who cannot but be recognized as cute.
From the first pages of the novel, he appears before us as an intelligent man and at the same time with a kind heart. His intelligence is reflected in the insight with which he understands people. For example, he perfectly guessed the numerous visitors who visited him on the morning of the day on which the novel begins. How correctly does he assess the frivolous pastime of the secular veil of Volkov, flipping from one salon to another, and the troublesome life of the careerist Sudbinsky, who only thinks about how to enlist the favor of his superiors, without which it is unthinkable neither to receive allowances to the salary, nor to achieve profitable business trips, much less promotion. And in this, Sudbinsky just sees the only purpose of his official activity.
He also correctly estimates Oblomov and people close to him. He worships Stolz and worships Olga Ilyinskaya. But, fully understanding their advantages, he does not close his eyes to their shortcomings.
But Oblomov's mind is purely natural: neither in childhood, nor later did anyone do anything for his development and education. On the contrary, the lack of a systematic education in childhood, the lack of living spiritual food in adulthood, plunges him into an increasingly drowsy state.
At the same time, Oblomov reveals a complete ignorance of practical life. As a result, he is more than afraid of what can make any change in his once established way of life. The manager's demand to clean the apartment terrifies him, he cannot think calmly about the upcoming troubles. This circumstance for Oblomov is much more difficult than receiving a letter from the headman, in which he notifies that the income will be "like two thousand changes." And this is only because the headman's letter does not require immediate action.
Oblomov has a rare kindness and humanism. These qualities are fully manifested in Oblomov's conversation with the writer Penkin, who sees the main virtue of literature in "seething anger - bilious persecution of vice," in the laugh of contempt at the fallen man. Ilya Ilyich objects to him and speaks of humanity, of the need to create not only with his head, but with his whole heart.
These properties of Oblomov, combined with his amazing spiritual purity, making him incapable of any pretense or any cunning, combined with his condescension to others, for example, to Tarantiev, and, at the same time, with a conscious attitude to his own shortcomings , inspire love for him to almost everyone with whom his fate confronts. Simple people, like Zakhar and Agafya Matveyevna, become attached to him with all their being. And people in his circle, such as Olga Ilyinskaya and Stolz, cannot talk about him otherwise than with a feeling of deep sympathy, and sometimes even emotional emotion.
And, despite his high moral qualities, this man turned out to be completely useless for the cause. Already from the first chapter we learn that lying was the “normal state” of Ilya Ilyich, who, having put on his Persian robe, wearing soft and wide shoes, spent whole days in lazy doing nothing. From the most cursory description of Oblomov's pastime, it is clear that one of the main features of his psychological makeup is weakness of will and laziness, apathy and panic fear of life.
What made Oblomov a man who, with unconscious but amazing stubbornness, avoided everything that could require labor, and, with no less stubbornness, gravitated towards what was pictured to him in the form of carefree lying on his side?
The answer to this question is the description of Oblomov's childhood and the environment from which he came out - a chapter called "Oblomov's Dream".
First of all, there is some reason to consider Oblomov as one of the typical representatives of the 40s of the XIX century. Idealism brings him closer to this era, with a complete inability to move on to practical activity, a pronounced tendency to reflection and introspection, a passionate desire for personal happiness.
However, there are also features in Oblomov that distinguish him from the best, for example, Turgenev's heroes. These include the inertia of thought and apathy of the mind of Ilya Ilyich, which prevented him from becoming a fully educated person and from developing a harmonious philosophical outlook for himself.
Another understanding of the Oblomov type is that he is predominantly a representative of the Russian pre-reform nobility. And for himself, and for the surrounding Oblomov, first of all, "master". Considering Oblomov from this point of view alone, one should not lose sight of the fact that his lordship is inextricably linked with "Oblomovism." Moreover, the lordship is the immediate cause of the latter. In Oblomov and in his psychology, in his fate, the process of spontaneous extinction of feudal Russia, the process of its "natural death" is presented.
Finally, it is possible to consider Oblomov as a nationwide type, to which Goncharov himself was inclined.
But, speaking about the presence of Oblomov's negative traits in the character of a Russian person, it should be remembered that such traits are not the only ones inherent in Russians. This is an example of the heroes of other literary works - Liza Kalitina from "Noble Nest", who has a selfless character, Elena from "On the eve", striving to do active good, Solomin from Novi - these people, also being Russians, are absolutely not like Oblomov.
Oblomov's characteristic plan
Introduction.
Main part. Oblomov's characteristic
1) Mind
a) Relationship to acquaintances
b) Assessment of loved ones
c) Lack of education
d) Ignorance of practical life
e) Lack of perspective
2) Heart
a) Kindness
b) Humanity
c) Mental purity
d) Sincerity
e) "Honest, faithful heart"
3) Will
a) Apathy
b) Lack of will
Oblomov's moral death. "Oblomov's Dream" as its explanation.
Conclusion. Oblomov as a social and national type.
a) Oblomov, as a representative of the 40s of the 19th century
- Similarities.
- Traits of difference.
b) Oblomov, as a representative of the pre-reform nobility.
c) Oblomov as a nationwide type.
In the novel Oblomov, Ivan Goncharov touches upon the problem of the formation of a personality who grew up in an environment where they tried in every possible way to infringe upon the manifestation of independence.
The image and characteristics of Oblomov will help the reader understand what people become who are accustomed from childhood to receive what they want with the help of others.
External image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov
"He was a man of about thirty-two or three, of average height, with dark gray eyes, and a pleasant appearance."
On the man's face, certain emotions were hardly guessed. Thoughts wandered over him, but disappeared too quickly, resembling birds.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov was full. Small plump arms, narrow shoulders, pale neck color indicated excessive delicacy. In his youth, the master was distinguished by harmony. The girls liked the handsome blonde. Now he is bald. Andrey Stolts advises a friend to lose weight, arguing that he makes him sleepy. Visiting Oblomov's apartment, he often sees that the master is sleeping on the go, looking for any excuse to lie down on the sofa. And puffiness makes it clear that health is bad. The reason could be the gained kilograms.
Getting out of bed, Oblomov grunts like an old man. He calls himself:
"A shabby, worn out, flabby caftan."
Ilya Ilyich recently attended all kinds of social events. Soon the publication began to oppress him. Visiting guests required a neat appearance, and he was tired of the daily change of shirts, and the requirement to be clean-shaven. Keeping track of his own appearance seemed to him a "stupid idea."
He is always sloppy in clothes. Bed linen is rarely changed. Servant Zakhar often makes comments to him. Stolz assures that they have not worn such robes as he wears for a long time. The socks on it are from different pairs. The shirt could easily have been turned upside down and not noticed.
“Oblomov was always in the house without a tie and vest. He loved space and freedom. The shoes were wide. Lowering my feet out of bed, I immediately fell into them. "
Many details of his appearance indicate that Ilya is really lazy, indulging his own weaknesses.
Housing and life
For about eight years, Ilya Oblomov has been living in a spacious rented apartment in the very center of St. Petersburg. He uses only one of the four rooms. She serves as his bedroom, dining room and reception area.
“The room where Ilya was lying seemed to be perfectly decorated. There was a mahogany bureau, two sofas upholstered with expensive fabric, luxurious screens with embroidery. There were carpets, curtains, paintings, expensive porcelain figurines. "
Interior items were considered expensive items. But this did not alleviate the carelessness emanating from every corner of the room.
There were many cobwebs on the walls and ceiling. A thick layer of dust covered the furniture. After meeting with his beloved Olga Ilyinskaya, he came home, sat on the sofa, and drew her name on a dusty table in large letters. Various objects were placed on the table. There were dirty dishes and towels, last year's newspapers, books with yellowed pages. There are two sofas in Oblomov's room.
Attitude towards learning. Education
At the age of thirteen, Ilya was sent to study at a boarding school in Verkhlevo. Learning to read and write did not appeal to the boy.
“Father and mother put Ilya in prison for a book. It was worth the loud screams, tears and whims. "
When he was supposed to leave for training, he came to his mother, asked to stay at home.
“He came to my mother sadly. She knew the reason, and secretly sighed about separation from her son for a whole week. "
He studied at the university without enthusiasm. I was absolutely not interested in additional information, I read what the teachers asked.
He was satisfied with writing in a notebook.
In the life of a student Oblomov there was a passion for poetry. Comrade Andrei Stolts brought him various books from the family library. At first he enthusiastically read them, and soon abandoned, which was to be expected of him. Ilya managed to graduate from the university, but the proper knowledge was not deposited in his head. When it was required to show his knowledge in jurisprudence and mathematics, Oblomov failed. I always believed that study was sent to a person as a payment for sins.
Service
After training, time flew by faster.
Oblomov "did not advance in any field, continued to stand at the threshold of his own arena."
Something had to be done, and he decided to go to St. Petersburg in order to establish himself in the service as a clerk.
At 20, he was quite naive, certain views on life could be attributed to inexperience. The young man was sure that
“The officials made up a close-knit family, worried about mutual peace and pleasure.”
He also believed that there was no need to attend the service every day.
“Slush, heat, or simply lack of desire can always serve as a legitimate excuse for not working. Ilya Ilyich was upset when he saw that he had to be at the service strictly adhering to the schedule. I have suffered from longing, despite the indulgent boss. "
After working for two years, I made a serious mistake. When sending an important document, I confused Astrakhan with Arkhangelsk. I did not wait for the reprimand. I wrote a report on leaving, and before that I stayed at home, hiding behind shaky health.
After the circumstances, he made no attempts to return to service. He was glad that he did not need now:
"From nine to three, or from eight to nine to write reports."
Now he is sure that work cannot make a person happy.
Relationships with others
Ilya Ilyich seems to be quiet, absolutely conflict-free.
“An observant person, glancing briefly at Oblomov, would say:“ Good man, simplicity! ”
His communication with servant Zakhar from the very first chapters can radically change his opinion. He raises his voice often. The lackey really deserves a little shake-up. The master pays him to maintain order in the apartment. He often postpones cleaning. Finds hundreds of reasons why it is impossible to get out today. The house already has bugs, cockroaches, and occasionally a mouse runs. It is for all sorts of violations that the master scolds him.
Guests come to the apartment: Oblomov's former colleague Sudbinsky, writer Penkin, fellow countryman Tarantiev. Each of those present tells Ilya Ilyich, who is lying in bed, about his eventful life, invites him to take a walk and unwind. However, he refuses everyone, leaving the house is a burden for him. The master is afraid that he will not get through. In every sentence, he sees a problem, expects a catch.
“Oblomov, though affectionate with many, but sincerely loves one, believes him alone, maybe because he grew up and lived with him. This is Andrei Ivanovich Stolts. "
It will become clear that despite the indifference to all kinds of entertainment, Oblomov does not cause hostility among people. They still want to cheer him up, make another attempt to pull him out of their favorite bed.
Living with the widow Pshenitsyna, Ilya takes great pleasure in tinkering with her children, teaching them to read and write. With the aunt of his beloved Olga Ilyinskaya, he easily finds common topics for conversation. All this proves Oblomov's simplicity, the absence of arrogance, which is inherent in many landowners.
Love
Olga Ilyinskaya Oblomov will be introduced by his friend Andrei Stolts. Her piano playing will make an indelible impression on him. At home, Ilya did not sleep a wink all night. In his thoughts, he drew the image of a new acquaintance. He remembered every feature of his face with trepidation. After that, he began to often visit the Ilyinsky estate.
Having confessed his love to Olga, he will plunge her into embarrassment. They have not seen each other for a long time. Oblomov moves to live in a rented dacha located near the house of his lover. I could not control myself to visit her again. But fate itself will bring them together, organizing a chance meeting for them.
Inspired by feelings, Oblomov is changing for the better.
"He gets up at seven o'clock. There is neither fatigue nor boredom on the face. Shirts and ties gleam like snow. His coat is beautifully sewn. "
Feelings have a positive effect on his self-education. He reads books, does not lie idle on the sofa. Writes letters to the estate manager with requests and instructions to improve the situation of the estate. Before his relationship with Olga, he always put it off for later. She dreams of a family, children.
Olga is more and more convinced of his feelings. He carries out all her orders. However, "Oblomovism" does not let the hero go. Soon it begins to seem to him that he:
"Is in the service of Ilyinskaya."
In his soul, there is a struggle between apathy and love. Oblomov believes that it is impossible to feel sympathy for someone like him. "It's funny to love someone like that, with flabby cheeks and sleepy eyes."
The girl responds to his guesses with crying and suffering. Seeing the sincerity in her feelings, she regrets what she said. After a while, he again begins to look for a reason to avoid meetings. And when the beloved herself comes to him, she cannot see enough of her beauty, and decides to propose to her. However, the established way of life takes its toll.
