In this article, we will consider the characteristics of Peter Grinev, and in general we will make a small analysis of the Captain's daughter.
In Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter, the story is told from the perspective of a young nobleman Grinev. Fate favors the main character, thereby the author shows us that the life position of Peter Grinev is correct.
Already in the title and epigraph of The Captain's Daughter, we see the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe novel: despite the social division, one can always find commonalities between the representatives of the groups. And if a person lives according to the commandments, looks at everyone as brothers, then people will be able to solve all problems among themselves. So Pyotr Grinev found a common language with Emelyan Pugachev, who responded kindly to the good of the protagonist. In this respect, the characterization of Pyotr Grinev is obvious.
In the outset, Grinev Sr. sends his son to serve in Orenburg - "to sniff gunpowder", "to pull the strap", and already in the development of the action we see the internal contradiction of the hero who behaves like a master, but he is ashamed of it. This contradiction is resolved during a storm, when the lost heroes are rescued by a Cossack. For help, Pyotr Grinev gives the Cossack a hare sheepskin coat, offers tea, calls him brother. And for the fact that the nobleman put him next to him, did good, the Cossack, who turned out to be Pugachev, responded threefold.
Speaking about the characterization of Pyotr Grinev, it is worth mentioning the following events. Pyotr Grinev falls in love with Captain Mironov's daughter Masha. We also see Shvabrin, who ended up in the fortress for a duel. He makes fun of Masha because she refused him, but this characteristic of the heroine collapses when Grinev sees her.
Pyotr Grinev lives by the laws of honor and looks at all people as brothers. In this regard, it is obvious that the characterization of Peter Grinev is very favorable and instructive.
Soon Pugachev will attack the fortress. He executes the officers, but has mercy on Pyotr Grinev, remembering him. The main character refers to Pugachev as a person, treats him with respect, and therefore gets a friend instead of an enemy. Grinev leaves, but, having received a letter from Masha, whom Shvabrin forcibly wants to make his wife, he returns. And Pugachev again helps Grinev, freeing Masha. Shvabrin's attempts to prevent this do not lead to anything, because Grinev puts himself on an equal footing with Pugachev, engages in a conversation, offering to resolve the situation together. And the ataman makes concessions, because he sees a brotherly attitude towards himself. They part and last saw each other only at the execution of Pugachev.
Thus, fate favors Peter Grinev, and not the calculating Shvabrin, because the main character treats everyone like a brother, sees a person in everyone. And with this, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin emphasizes the correct position of Grinev, who did not humiliate himself for the sake of saving his life, but looked at everyone as equal, lived by the laws of honor.
So, the characterization of Peter Grinev in Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter is very favorable, and the reader can draw many useful conclusions.
When starting to analyze the image of Pyotr Grinev, the main character of the family chronicle, one should first of all pay attention to the special place of Grinev in the work. This is not only one of the main characters, but also the "author" of the notes, the narrator. Finally, behind the image of the narrator (the same Grinev in his old age, at the beginning of the 19th century), the face of the original author of the “notes” - Pushkin, also “shines through”. To some extent, in judgments about life, in the narrator's relationship to events, no-no, and a purely Pushkin's perception of reality will manifest itself.
It is difficult, and it does not make sense to deal with the question of what reasoning Grinev we have before us the thoughts of the young hero of the novel, in which - the real author, but one should be aware of the complexity of the image of Grinev. It would be equally erroneous to identify Grinev's views with Pushkin's worldview (it is immeasurably more serious, progressive, deeper; Grinev is very simple and limited), and completely ignore in Grinev's worldview some elements of Pushkin's views on life (for example, in Grinev's judgments about people, whom he encounters, in some judgments about Pugachev, in his assessments of the government camp of the struggling forces).
Note also that in the composition of Grinev's image from the very beginning of the narrative, an orientation towards clarity and simplicity was taken. Wait a story-narration about interesting and not quite ordinary adventures of youth. Many events, few reflections. Psychology is transmitted through actions, deeds. It is very simple to tell about actions and adventures. This is how the grandfather tells his grandson about his experience. This simplicity, artlessness, however, is characteristic of Pushkin's prose in general. When analyzing the image of Grinev, all this must be taken into account. And do not lose sight of the difference between two points of view on the events depicted: the point of view of the narrator and the point of view of Pushkin. Examples of measures will be indicated below.
The disclosure of the hero in successively developing life events, in actions, in relations with the people around him, leads us to the plan of analysis:
1) childhood and adolescence, the environment that raised the hero;
2) manifestation of character at the first entry into an independent life;
3) attitude towards others during the period of peaceful life in the Belogorsk fortress;
4) a love story for Marya Ivanovna and
5) the history of relations with Pugachev (character develops and manifests itself in full and views on life are determined);
6) final generalization: the main personality traits of the hero, the typicality of the image, its place in the composition of the novel.
Speaking about Grinev's childhood and adolescence, one should pay attention to the various influences that influenced him and shaped his personality. Father is a retired prime major, a limited and domineering landowner and head of the family, at the same time he is distinguished by a strict attitude to moral issues, instills in his son a high understanding of the issues of honor in its noble representation, he considers officer service not a means for arranging a career, but a duty of a nobleman before the state.
His discussions about Petersburg, about the promotion of his former comrades in the spirit of some kind of opposition to the order that has been established in the spheres close to the government and the court. All this has an effect on the son. Little has been said about Pyotr Grinev's mother, but the appearance of a loving and caring woman, meek and gentle, arises from the little that we learn about her. Its influence will affect later, when the character of Pyotr Grinev begins to unfold.
The Frenchman Beaupre "was a hairdresser in his fatherland," he was "discharged from Moscow along with a year's supply of wine and olive oil." The figure is colorful and quite typical, touching upon a topic that is well known to the students from "The Little Boy", "I Burn with Wits" and "Eugene Onegin".
An important place in the upbringing of Pyotr Grinev was obviously occupied by the serf uncle Savelich, an honest, intelligent and competent person, but, however, very limited. His image reflects the age-old slavery position of courtyard servants. These are the people who surrounded Pyotr Grinev. The lifestyle of Pyotr Grinev in the parental home is typical for a noble dumb man: "I lived a dull, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the courtyard boys." “It is enough for him to run around the girls and climb the dovecote,” says the father. The first steps of an independent life (episode with Zurin) reveal the traits of the emerging personality. Students can easily figure them out by remembering Grinev's behavior. Here is both the frivolity and the rudeness of the landlord's son in relation to the old devoted servant (“I am your master, and you are my servant”): at the same time, in an effort to pay back the money, the debt, it would seem, is not very serious - a loss in the billiard game - we see a certain idea of \u200b\u200bthe need to keep one's word, of honesty. This was followed by a heartfelt conversation and peace with Savelich, revealing cordiality and kindness in Grinev.
What does the story about his peaceful life in the Belogorsk fortress give for the development of Grinev's image? Note that he liked the Mironov family as well as possible: simplicity, good nature, modesty and unpretentiousness, cordiality and sincerity of relations - all this cannot but affect Grinev. His mental needs are small, his attitude to the service follows the formula: “don't ask for service; don't excuse yourself from the service. "
Grinev is little worried that “in the God-saved fortress there were no inspections, no exercises, no guards, and that the only cannon was filled with stones and rubbish. But in the subtext, the reader feels the attitude of the author of the novel to what is being described: the task of protecting the outskirts of a huge empire is poorly organized. This is one example of the presence of two angles of view in the depiction of reality. Having nothing to do, Grinev reads French books borrowed from Shvabrin (it turns out that Beaupre was also useful for something).
The nascent love for Masha Mironova evokes a desire for poetry. “My experiments for that time were fair,” the narrator narrates, and gives an example: Destroying the thought of love, I vain to forget the beautiful ... and so on. Bad poetry. Pushkin took them from a collection published by N. Novikov: "A new and complete collection of Russian songs", 1780 - 1781, slightly changing some lines. One of the researchers notes: "The poem belongs to those that Pushkin in the" History of the village of Goryukhin "described as being composed by" soldiers, scribes and boyar servants. " As you can see, the mediocrity of the hero is repeatedly noted in the course of the narrative. He does not amaze us with either a brilliant mind, or extraordinary, aspirations, or strong passions. This is not its appeal.
The story of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is unique and interesting in that it intertwines the fate of characters with different characters. In fact, it is a historical tale describing the riot of that time. But on the other hand, there are notes of pure, sincere, light and bright love in the story. This feeling flares up with a bright fire and continues to burn throughout the entire story, warming the soul of the reader.
Do we know Pyotr Grinev? Sign. This is the main character of the story. Perhaps Pushkin invested in the creation of the image all the most honest, noble, kind and correct. The character and personality of Grinev was "built" by his father, Grinev Andrey Petrovich. Andrey Petrovich is a former military man. By nature, he resembles a son. The same honest, kind, open and sincere. Father Peter's military service ended quickly, because he did not want to be dependent on anyone and "beg" ranks, as many did. In his son, he brought up the most noble qualities inherent in man.
Soon Petya was seventeen years old. The father became worried about the future life of his son and began to choose a worthy place for him to serve. Peter himself raved about Petersburg, presented the service there as bright and interesting. But contrary to Petya's dreams, Andrei Petrovich chose him to serve near Orenburg, where Peter met his future love. Having collected his things, Peter left, remembering the words of his father: "Take care of your dress again, and honor from a young age." So he carried the meaning of this instruction throughout his life.
In Orenburg, new heroes are added to the reader's attention. This is the commandant, a brave and correct man, loyal to Empress Catherine II. His wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, is a fatal and wise woman. The commandant's daughter, Masha Mironova, is a modest and shy girl. Evil Shvabrin, the same age as Peter, is a dark, mean and cynical personality.
The nobility of the nobleman and the character of his father are manifested in Grinev more and more. I was especially impressed by the duel played between Shvabrin and Peter. Shvabrin publicly insulted and slandered Masha, but Grinev, like a true nobleman, defended the girl's honor. The result of the duel - Peter is wounded, and Shvabrin is the winner, but what a winner! Unhappy coward stabbed from the back. This fact indicates cowardice, and the insensitivity of this person has gone.
I really liked this story. The personality of Pyotr Grinev is especially clearly expressed here. He does not have heroic strength and a resourceful mind. But he is sincere, open, naive. That is why it evokes sympathy in the reader. He does not know how to pretend, to be a hypocrite, even wanting to save his life. This is where true nobility and strength of character are manifested.
"Captain's daughter" - a historical novel written in the form of a memoir. In this novel, the author painted a picture of a spontaneous peasant revolt. Pushkin managed to convey to us many interesting facts from the history of the Pugachev uprising.
Characteristics of the main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"
Description of the main characters of "The Captain's Daughter" will help to understand their nature, the reasons for their actions.
The image of Peter Grinev "The Captain's Daughter"
Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the main character of the story "The Captain's Daughter". The son of a retired military man, a simple but honest man who puts honor above all else. The serf Savelich brings up the hero, Monsieur Beaupre teaches. Until the age of 16, Peter lived small, driving pigeons
His father cannot realize himself. I think this is how Pushkin leads the reader to the idea that Pyotr Andreevich could have lived the most ordinary life, if not for his father's will. Throughout the story, Peter changes, from a mad boy turns first into a young man who claims independence, and then a courageous and staunch adult.
At the age of 16, he sends him with Savelich to the Belogorsk fortress, which looks more like a village, so that he “sniffed gunpowder”. In the fortress, Petrusha falls in love with Masha Mironova, which played an important role in the formation of his character. Grinev not only fell in love, but was ready to take full responsibility for his beloved. When he is besieged by government forces, he sends Masha to his parents. When his beloved was left an orphan, Peter risked his life and honor, which is more important to him. He proved this during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, when he refused the oath to Pugachev and any compromises with him, preferring death to the slightest deviation from the dictates of duty and honor. Finding himself in this critical situation, Grinev is rapidly changing, growing spiritually and morally.
After meeting with Yemelyan in the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev becomes more determined and courageous. Peter is still young, therefore, out of frivolity, he does not think about how his behavior is assessed from the outside when they accept Pugachev's help in freeing Marya Petrovna. For the sake of his love, he asks the general to give him fifty soldiers and permission to liberate the captured fortress. Having received a refusal, the young man does not fall into despair, but decisively goes to the Pugachev lair.
The image of Alexei Shvabrin "Captain's daughter"
Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich - a nobleman, the antipode of Grinev in the story.
Shvabrin is dark, ill-looking, lively. He has been serving in the Belogorsk fortress for the fifth year. Transferred here for "murder" (he stabbed the lieutenant in a duel). Differs in mockery and even contempt (during the first meeting with Grinev, he very derisively describes all the inhabitants of the fortress).
The hero is very smart. Undoubtedly, he is more educated than Grinev. Shvabrin courted Masha Mironova, but was refused. Not forgiving her for this, he, taking revenge on the girl, spreads dirty rumors about her (he recommends that Grinev give her earrings, not a poem: “I know from experience her disposition and custom,” he speaks of Masha as the last fool, etc.) All this speaks of the hero's spiritual dishonor. During a duel with Grinev, who defended the honor of his beloved Masha, Shvabrin. stabs in the back (when the enemy looks back at the servant's call). Then the reader suspects Alesya of secretly informing Grinev's parents about the duel. Because of this, the father forbids Grinev to marry Masha. The complete loss of ideas about honor leads Shvabrin to treason. He goes over to the side of Pugachev and there he becomes one of the commanders. Using his power, Shvabrin is trying to persuade Masha to an alliance, keeping her in captivity. But when Pugachev, having learned about this, wants to punish Alexei, he is lying at his feet. The villainy of the hero turns into his shame. At the end of the story, being captured by the government troops, Shvabrin denounces Grinev. He claims that he also went over to the side of Pugachev. That is, in his meanness, this hero reaches the end.
The image of Masha Mironova "The Captain's Daughter"
Masha Mironova is a young girl, daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. It was her that the author had in mind when giving the title to his story.
This image personifies high morality and spiritual purity. An interesting detail: the story contains very few conversations, in general the words of Masha. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and deeds are always infallible. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines simplicity with a high moral sense. She immediately correctly assessed the human qualities of Shvabrin and Grinev. And in the days of trials, which many fell to her lot (the seizure of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, captivity at Shvabrin), Masha retains unshakable fortitude and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, in the finale of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal with an equal, talks to the empress she does not recognize and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, freeing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova is the bearer of the best traits of the Russian national character.
The image of Pugachev "The Captain's Daughter"
Pugachev Emelyan - the leader of the anti-noble uprising, who calls himself "the great sovereign" Peter III.
This image in the story is multifaceted: P. is spiteful, and magnanimous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and depends on the opinions of the environment.
The image of P. is given in the story through the eyes of Grinev - an uninterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the hero's presentation.
At the first meeting of Grinev with P., the appearance of the rebel is unremarkable: this is a 40-year-old man of average height, thin, broad-shouldered, with gray hair in a black beard, with shifting eyes, and a pleasant but roguish expression on his face.
The second meeting with P., in a besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in chairs, then prances on horses, surrounded by Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly dealt with the defenders of the fortress, who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that P. is playing, portraying a "real sovereign". He, from the king's hand, "executes so he punishes, has mercy so mercy."
And only during the third meeting with Grinev did P. fully reveal himself. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. P. sings his favorite song ("Don't make noise, mother green oak tree") and tells a tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. P. understands what a dangerous game he has started, and what is the price in case of loss. He does not trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But all the same he hopes for the best: "Isn't there good luck to the daring one?" But P.'s hopes are not justified. He was arrested and executed: "and nodded his head to him, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people."
P. is inseparable from the element of the people, he leads her behind him, but at the same time depends on it. It is no coincidence that he first appears in the story during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn from this path. Pacifying the riot is tantamount to P.'s death, which happens in the finale of the story.
1. The historical accuracy of the Captain's daughter.
2. Peter Grinev. Characteristics and image in the story "The Captain's Daughter"
2.1. The image of Grinev.
2.2. Meeting with the rebel.
2.3. Masha.
3. My attitude towards the hero.
AS Pushkin based the plot of his story "The Captain's Daughter" on real historical events - the indignation of the peasants under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev.
This was a real uprising, because it covered many provinces and resulted in many human deaths. And although most of the heroes of the narrative are invented, the author talentedly conveys to the reader the life and customs of that time, the customs and habits of people who lived in that era.
One of these characters is Peter Grinev. On the first pages, he appears before us as a carefree, cheerful young man, whose life and career have long been predetermined by rich parents. But fate makes its own adjustments.
The father decides to send the young man to real military service - to Orenburg. This event becomes the starting point in the life of a young nobleman. From that moment on, he begins to grow up, become as a person, and also test his noble positive qualities.
Everything good and positive that Grinev took over from his parents and his teacher Savelich had a beneficial effect on his behavior and actions. He was able to appreciate the spiritual beauty of Masha Mironova, recognize Shvabrin's duplicity, win Pugachev's respect and not compromise his noble honor.
On the way to the duty station, a seventeen-year-old officer meets an unsightly ragamuffin who is destined to influence the rest of the protagonist's life. Later, the officer meets with this man under different circumstances. In the fortress, where the protagonist serves, a terrible danger threatens - the army of a cruel rebel is moving, ruthlessly destroying all dissidents on its way.
The garrison is in disarray, only one old captain remains calm and courageous. He is supported in everything by Grinev, who showed unshakable courage and military valor, defending the weakly defended fortress. He does not tremble and does not lose pride, even when his boss dies, and he himself, like most officers, is sentenced to death. But the unthinkable happens here. The leader of the rebels, Pugachev, who took on the role of arbiter of human destinies, pardons Grinev and even invites him to his supper. There he invites a young man to join his service, betraying the empress.
This rebel, who calls himself Emperor Peter, is none other than Grinev's guide! He remembers the grateful young man and therefore shows him such favors. But the main character does not lose his head from such proposals. He remains true to his oath, he is even ready to die so as not to tarnish the honor of the officer's uniform. Grinev is brave and courageous, but at the same time he is not reckless. He speaks respectfully with Pugachev, pondering and weighing every word. He understands that not only his life, but also the life of his beloved Masha depends on the whim of the impostor.
The young officer explains that he will not serve in the ranks of the rebels and that he cannot promise not to fight against them. Grinev honestly but correctly admits: “I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you,” and adds: “My head is in your power: if you let me go, thank you, if you execute, God is your judge.” This difficult conversation opens before us a new hero - a cautious, shrewd man, a real diplomat, firm in his decision, a man of honor. The harsh army life made him so. He became so thanks to his conscience and understanding of the laws of morality.
But his first love played an important role in Grinev's maturity. Peter first saw this sweet, meek girl at his place of service - in the Belgorod Fortress. He was impressed by Masha's modesty, her poetic soul, her kindness and obedience to her parents. Grinev is respectful of the captain's daughter, he does not flirt with her, does not play with her feelings. He respectfully asks for her hand in marriage. He stands up for the honor of the girl, challenging the dishonorable Shvabrin to a duel. Risking his life and honor, the young man rescues Masha from the hands of the oppressor and takes her to a safe place.
On the way, Peter meets another old acquaintance - Zurin, with whom he got drunk for the first time in his life and to whom he lost a hundred rubles. Having transferred Marya Ivanovna into the safe hands of Savelich, the main character goes along with Zurin's detachment on a campaign against Pugachev. This decision speaks about the nobility of the young officer, about the fact that service is above all for him. That he is not going to hide behind the backs of friends, but is personally ready to fight for his homeland and the empress.
Grinev's behavior during his arrest and interrogation is remarkable. In order not to tarnish the honor of his beloved, he does not mention her name in his explanations. He reflects all accusations and work hardenings calmly and coolly, having only one desire - that the name of Marya Mironova is not mentioned among this dirt and gossip. Thanks to Masha's love and selflessness, Grinev is acquitted and released.
I like the main character. He is a real man of duty and honor. He is brave, courageous, strong, tactful and wise, generous and kind. His pure, tender love for the captain's daughter is based on real feeling, she is sublime and worthy of emulation. Many situations from the life of the protagonist are very instructive. For example, they show how important it is to be grateful and not regard people as unimportant just because they are poorly dressed. If Peter had not thanked the drunkard beggar for a petty service, then the influential and cruel rebel would not have saved the life of either him or Marya Ivanovna.
Reading the story, I was interested in watching Grinev's growing up. From a pampered inexperienced youth, he turns into a sane, courageous person, devoted to his duty and vocation, sincerely in love, always respectful and just.
