Biography of Leo Tolstoy

1828, August 28 (September 9) - Birth Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy in the estate of Yasnaya Polyana, Krapivensky district, Tula province.

1830 - death of Tolstoy's mother Maria Nikolaevna (née Volkonskaya).

1837 - The Tolstoy family moved from Yasnaya Polyana to Moscow. Death of Tolstoy's father, Nikolai Ilyich.

1840 - First literary work Tolstoy- congratulatory poems by T.A. Ergolskaya: "Dear aunt."

1841 - Death in the Optina Hermitage of the guardian of the children of Tolstoy A.I. Osten-Saken. The fat ones move from Moscow to Kazan, to a new guardian - P.I. Yushkova.

1844 — Tolstoy admitted to the Kazan University at the Oriental Faculty in the category of Arabic-Turkish literature, passing exams in mathematics, Russian literature, French, German, English, Arabic, Turkish and Tatar languages.

1845 — Tolstoy moves to law school.

1847 — Tolstoy leaves the university and leaves Kazan for Yasnaya Polyana.

1848, October - 1849, January - lives in Moscow, "very carelessly, without service, without work, without purpose."

1849 - Examinations for the degree of candidate at St. Petersburg University. (Discontinued after successful completion of two subjects). Tolstoy starts keeping a diary.

1850 - The idea of ​​\u200b\u200b"Tales from the Gypsy Life".

1851 - The story "The History of Yesterday" was written. The story "Childhood" was begun (finished in July 1852). Departure for the Caucasus.

1852 - Examination for the rank of cadet, order for enrollment in military service as a fireworker 4th class. Wrote the story "Raid". Issue 9 of Sovremennik published Childhood, the first published work Tolstoy. The "Novel of the Russian Landowner" was begun (the work continued until 1856, remaining unfinished. A fragment of the novel, slated for printing, was published in 1856 under the title "Morning of the Landowner").

1853 - Participation in the campaign against the Chechens. Start of work on "Cossacks" (completed in 1862). The story "Notes of the Marker" was written.

1854 - Tolstoy was promoted to ensign. Departure from the Caucasus. Report on transfer to the Crimean army. The project of the magazine "Soldier's Bulletin" ("Military List"). The stories "Uncle Zhdanov and Chevalier Chernov" and "How Russian Soldiers Die" were written for a soldier's magazine. Arrival to Sevastopol.

1855 - Work began on "Youth" (finished in September 1856). The stories "Sevastopol in December", "Sevastopol in May" and "Sevastopol in August 1855" were written. Arrival to Petersburg. Acquaintance with Turgenev, Nekrasov, Goncharov, Fet, Tyutchev, Chernyshevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ostrovsky and other writers.

1856 - The stories "Snowstorm", "Degraded", the story "Two Hussars" were written. Tolstoy promoted to lieutenant. Resignation. In Yasnaya Polyana, an attempt to free the peasants from serfdom. The story "The Departing Field" was begun (the work continued until 1865, remaining unfinished). The Sovremennik magazine published an article by Chernyshevsky on Tolstoy's "Childhood" and "Adolescence" and "Military Stories".

1857 - The story "Albert" began (finished in March 1858). The first trip abroad in France, Switzerland, Germany. The story of Lucerne.

1858 - The story "Three Deaths" is written.

1859 - Work on the story "Family Happiness".

1859 - 1862 - Classes at the Yasnaya Polyana school with peasant children ("charming, poetic tree"). Tolstoy expounded his pedagogical ideas in the articles of the journal Yasnaya Polyana, created by him in 1862.

1860 - Work on stories from peasant life - "Idyll", "Tikhon and Malanya" (remained unfinished).

1860 - 1861 - The second trip abroad - through Germany, Switzerland, France, England, Belgium. Acquaintance with Herzen in London. Listening to lectures on the history of art at the Sorbonne. Presence at the death penalty in Paris. The beginning of the novel "Decembrists" (remained unfinished) and the story "Polikushka" (finished in December 1862). Quarrel with Turgenev.

1860 - 1863 - Work on the story "Strider" (completed in 1885).

1861 - 1862 - Activity Tolstoy mediator of the 4th section of the Krapivensky district. Publication of the pedagogical journal "Yasnaya Polyana".

1862 - Gendarmerie search in YaP. Marriage to Sofya Andreevna Bers, daughter of a court doctor.

1863 - Work began on War and Peace (finished in 1869).

1864 - 1865 - The first Collected Works of L.N. Tolstoy in two volumes (from F. Stellovsky, St. Petersburg).

1865 - 1866 - The first two parts of the future "War and Peace" under the title "1805" were printed in the Russky Vestnik.

1866 - Acquaintance with the artist M.S. Bashilov, who Tolstoy entrusts the illustration of "War and Peace".

1867 - A trip to Borodino in connection with work on "War and Peace".

1867 - 1869 - The publication of two separate editions of War and Peace.

1868 - An article was published in the journal "Russian Archive" Tolstoy“A few words about the book “War and Peace”.

1870 - The concept of "Anna Karenina".

1870 - 1872 - Work on a novel about the time of Peter I (remained unfinished).

1871 - 1872 - Edition of the "ABC".

1873 - The novel "Anna Karenina" was started (completed in 1877). Letter to Moskovskie Vedomosti about the Samara famine. I.N. Kramskoy paints a portrait in Yasnaya Polyana Tolstoy.

1874 — Pedagogical activity, the article "On Public Education", the compilation of the "New ABC" and "Russian Books for Reading" (came out in 1875).

1875 - The beginning of the printing of "Anna Karenina" in the journal "Russian Messenger". The French magazine Le temps published a translation of the story The Two Hussars with a foreword by Turgenev. Turgenev wrote that after the release of "War and Peace" Tolstoy"resolutely takes first place in the favor of the public."

1876 ​​- Acquaintance with P.I. Tchaikovsky.

1877 - A separate edition of the last, 8th part of "Anna Karenina" - due to disagreements that arose with the publisher of "Russian Messenger" M.N. Katkov on the question of the Serbian war.

1878 - Separate edition of the novel "Anna Karenina".

1878 - 1879 - Work on a historical novel about the time of Nicholas I and the Decembrists

1878 - Acquaintance with the Decembrists P.N. Svistunov, M.I. Muravyov Apostol, A.P. Belyaev. Written "First Memories".

1879 — Tolstoy collects historical materials and tries to write a novel from the era of the late XVII - early XIX century. Visited Tolstoy N.I. Strakhov found him in a "new phase" - anti-state and anti-church. In Yasnaya Polyana, the guest storyteller V.P. Dapper. Tolstoy writes down folk legends from his words.

1879 - 1880 - Work on "Confession" and "Study in dogmatic theology." Acquaintance with V.M. Garshin and I.E. Repin.

1881 - The story "What makes people alive" is written. Letter to Alexander III admonishing not to execute the revolutionaries who killed Alexander II. Relocation of the Tolstoy family to Moscow.

1882 - Participation in the three-day Moscow census. The article "So what should we do?" (finished in 1886). Buying a house in Dolgo-Khamovnichesky Lane in Moscow (now the House-Museum of L.N. Tolstoy). The story "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" was begun (completed in 1886).

1883 - Acquaintance with V.G. Chertkov.

1883 - 1884 - Tolstoy writes a treatise "What is my faith?".

1884 - Portrait Tolstoy works by N.N. Ge. "Notes of a Madman" started (remained unfinished). The first attempt to leave Yasnaya Polyana. The publishing house of books for popular reading - "Mediator" was founded.

1885 - 1886 - Folk stories were written for the "Mediator": "Two brothers and gold", "Ilyas", "Where there is love, there is God", If you miss the fire - you will not put it out", "Candle", "Two old men", "Fairy tale about Ivan the Fool”, “How much land does a person need”, etc.

1886 - Acquaintance with V.G. Korolnko. Drama started for folk theater- "The Power of Darkness" (prohibited from staging). The comedy "The Fruits of Enlightenment" was started (finished in 1890).

1887 - Acquaintance with N.S. Leskov. The Kreutzer Sonata was begun (finished in 1889).

1888 - The story "False Coupon" was started (work was stopped in 1904).

1889 - Work on the story "The Devil" (the second version of the end of the story refers to 1890). The “Konevskaya Tale” was started (according to the story of the judicial figure A.F. Koni) - the future “Resurrection” (completed in 1899).

1890 - The Kreutzer Sonata was censored (in 1891 Alexander III allowed printing only in the Collected Works). In a letter to V.G. Chertkov the first version of the story "Father Sergius" (finished in 1898).

1891 - Letter to the editors of Russkiye Vedomosti and Novoye Vremya refusing copyright for works written after 1881.

1891 - 1893 - Organization of assistance to the starving peasants of the Ryazan province. Articles about hunger.

1892 - Production at the Maly Theater of "The Fruits of Enlightenment".

1893 - A preface to the writings of Guy de Maupassant was written. Acquaintance with K.S. Stanislavsky.

1894 - 1895 - The story "The Master and the Worker" was written.

1895 - Acquaintance with A.P. Chekhov. Performance of "The Power of Darkness" at the Maly Theatre. The article "Shameful" was written - a protest against corporal punishment of peasants.

1896 - The story "Hadji Murad" was started (the work continued until 1904; during his lifetime Tolstoy story has not been published).

1897 - 1898 - Organization of assistance to the starving peasants of the Tula province. Article "Hunger or not hunger?". The decision to print "Father Sergius" and "Resurrection" in favor of the Dukhobors who are moving to Canada. In Yasnaya Polyana, L.O. Pasternak illustrating "Resurrection".

1898 - 1899 - Inspection of prisons, conversations with prison guards in connection with work on "Resurrection".

1899 - The novel "Resurrection" is published in the Niva magazine.

1899 - 1900 - The article "Slavery of our time" was written.

1900 - acquaintance with A.M. Gorky. Work on the drama "The Living Corpse" (after watching the play "Uncle Vanya" at the Art Theater).

1901 - “Determination of the Holy Synod of February 20 - 22, 1901 ... about Count Leo Tolstoy” is published in the newspapers “Church Vedomosti”, “Russian Bulletin”, etc. The definition spoke of the “falling away” of the writer from Orthodoxy. In his “Response to the Synod,” Tolstoy stated: “I began by loving my Orthodox faith more than my calmness, then I loved Christianity more than my church, but now I love the truth more than anything in the world. And until now, the truth coincides for me with Christianity, as I understand it. In connection with the illness, departure to the Crimea, to Gaspra.

1901 - 1902 - Letter to Nicholas II calling for the abolition of private ownership of land and the destruction of "that oppression that prevents the people from expressing their desires and needs."

1902 - return to Yasnaya Polyana.

1903 - "Memoirs" started (work continued until 1906). The story "After the Ball" was written.

1903 - 1904 - Work on the article "On Shakespeare and the Lady".

1904 - Article about the Russo-Japanese war "Think!".

1905 - An afterword was written for Chekhov's story "Darling", the articles "On the Social Movement in Russia" and the Green Stick, the stories "Korney Vasiliev", "Alyosha Pot", "Berries", the story "The Posthumous Notes of Elder Fyodor Kuzmich". Reading the notes of the Decembrists and the writings of Herzen. An entry about the October 17 manifesto: "There is nothing for the people in it."

1906 - The story "For what?", the article "The Significance of the Russian Revolution" were written, the story "Divine and Human" begun in 1903 was completed.

1907 - Letter to P.A. Stolypin on the situation of the Russian people and the need to abolish private ownership of land. In Yasnaya Polyana M.V. Neterov paints a portrait Tolstoy.

1908 - Tolstoy's article against the death penalty - "I can not be silent!". No. 35 of the Proletariy newspaper published an article by V.I. Lenin "Leo Tolstoy as a Mirror of the Russian Revolution".

1908 - 1910 - Work on the story "There are no guilty in the world."

1909 — Tolstoy writes the story “Who are the murderers? Pavel Kudryash", a sharply critical article about the cadet collection "Milestones", essays "Conversation with a passerby" and "Songs in the countryside".

1900 - 1910 - Work on the essays "Three Days in the Country".

1910 - The story "Khodynka" was written.

In a letter to V.G. Korolenko gave an enthusiastic review of his article against the death penalty - "Change houses phenomenon".

Tolstoy prepares a report for the peace congress in Stockholm.

Work on the last article - "A Real Remedy" (against the death penalty).

Author's fairy tales of Tolstoy are the best suited for family reading. The list includes works that are interesting to preschoolers, demanding teenagers and very adult readers. Fairy tales are bright, kind, truly brilliant, like all the work of this outstanding literary figure.

Leo Tolstoy: fairy tales and other works for children

Peru writer owns a huge number of works. Of the variety of genres in which the great master of the word worked, Tolstoy's author's tales can be distinguished into a special group.

Their appearance cannot be called accidental. The writer was very interested folk art. He communicated with storytellers, peasants, and other ordinary people who were experts. From their words, he wrote down proverbs, sayings, folk signs and other works of folklore. So they appeared in manuscripts, and later Tolstoy's tales were published in processing. The list of such works is quite large - "Three Bears", "Wolf and Goat", "Water and Pearl", "Squirrel and Wolf", "Baba and Chicken" and several dozen short instructive stories are included in the writer's legacy. The language of Tolstoy's fairy tales is distinguished by expressiveness, the utmost clarity of presentation, which is very important for the consciousness of a small reader. Moral teachings, which are necessarily present in fairy tales, are very short and precise. This helps the child to fully understand and remember the idea of ​​the work.

Pedagogical activity of the writer

In the eventful biography of Leo Tolstoy, a period stands out when he actively worked in the field of teaching and raising children. This refers to 1871, when schools for peasant children were created, work began on the creation of books for teaching schoolchildren to read. His "ABC" was published in 1872. Together with other works, the content of the books also includes the author's fairy tales of Tolstoy.

In 1874, the article "On Public Education" was published, and a year later the "New ABC" and four volumes of "Russian Books for Reading" were published. The titles of these collections again contain a list of Tolstoy's tales. Copyright and processed folk tales, stories, were, parables acquaint readers with the life of peasants and ordinary people. The list of works included in the collections is very long. The most famous are the following: "Swans", "Kitten", "Hares", "Tsar and Shirt", "Righteous Judge", "Girl and Robbers", "Reward", "Lion and Dog", and others. Together with the books of Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, the collections of Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy for a long time were the only books that taught children to read. Their popularity was so high that they went through over thirty editions. The textbooks were sold in millions of copies in all provinces of Russia.

Publishing house "Intermediary"

In 1884, Leo Tolstoy, obsessed with the idea of ​​enlightening the common people, conceived the idea of ​​opening a special publishing house that would print works for popular reading. An innovative idea was brought to life. The publishing house began to work and received the name "Intermediary".

Especially for this project, author's fairy tales by Leo Tolstoy were written - "Two brothers and gold", "How much land does a man need", "Ilyas", "The Tale of Ivan the Fool", "Where there is love, there is God", "You will miss fire - you can’t put it out”, “Two old men”, “Candle” and many others. As you can see, the list is not limited to fairy tales, it includes fables, stories, parables.

The attitude of the writer to children's literature

The author's tales of Tolstoy Leo Nikolaevich to this day are a model fiction not only in Russia, but all over the world. First of all, this became possible thanks to the unique talent of the writer.

But one should not lose sight of the fact that Tolstoy treated the writing of works, he wrote, thinking over every word. Often he had to rewrite them several times. After all, any of his narrative, in addition to describing some events or facts from life, also contained morality, was of an educational nature. The result of the writer's painstaking work was the emergence of a whole library of works for children, through reading which industriousness, kindness, courage, honesty and other positive little people are brought up.

Leo Tolstoy - a connoisseur of the human soul

Analyzing the content and list of Tolstoy's fairy tales (author's and retold by him folk art), it is easy to conclude that the writer created them taking into account the knowledge of the features. Unobtrusively, he correctly models the behavior of a small citizen, and gives an adult competent advice on raising a child. Simple simple stories, described in his works, always end in such a way that a person wants to express his own attitude towards the heroes, their actions. It is not difficult for the author to draw a conclusion himself, but he deliberately attracts the reader to this work, who, to some extent, becomes a co-author of the great master of the Russian word.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy paid much attention and time to the development of children's education. He founded a school for peasant children in Yasnaya Polyana. Classes at the school were held in a free form. Lev Nikolaevich talked a lot about the world around him, did physical exercises with the guys and taught spelling. In the summer, the writer led excursions in the forest, and in the winter he went sledding with his students.

At that time, there were few books for children, and then Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy compiled his ABC. It began with the alphabet, followed by proverbs and sayings, various exercises for connecting syllables and practicing pronunciation. And in the second part there were short moralizing stories that we read with children with pleasure to this day.

All stories, despite the fact that they are very short, carry great meaning and teach children kindness, compassion and develop sensitivity.

Jackdaw and jug

Galka wanted to drink. There was a jug of water in the yard, and the jug only had water at the bottom.
Jackdaw could not be reached.
She began to throw pebbles into the jug and threw so many that the water became higher and it was possible to drink.

bug

Bug was carrying a bone across the bridge. Look, her shadow is in the water. It came to the mind of the Bug that there was not a shadow in the water, but a Bug and a bone. She let her bone in to take that one. She didn’t take that one, but her own went to the bottom.

wolf and goat

The wolf sees - the goat is grazing on a stone mountain and he cannot get close to her; he said to her: “You should go down: here the place is more even, and the grass for food is much sweeter for you.”
And the Goat says: “That’s not why you, wolf, are calling me down: you are not about mine, but about your fodder.”

Jackdaw and doves

The jackdaw saw that the pigeons were well fed, whitened and flew into the dovecote. The pigeons thought at first that she was the same pigeon, and let her go. But the jackdaw forgot herself and screamed like a jackdaw. Then her pigeons began to peck and drove her away. The jackdaw flew back to her own, but the jackdaws were frightened of her because she was white, and also drove her away.

old man and apple trees

The old man was planting apple trees. They told him: “Why do you need apple trees? It is a long time to wait for fruit from these apple trees, and you will not eat apples from them. The old man said: "I will not eat, others will eat, they will thank me."

Ant and dove

(Fable)

The ant went down to the stream: he wanted to get drunk. A wave swept over him and nearly drowned him. Dove carried a branch; she saw - the ant was drowning, and threw a branch into the stream for him. An ant sat on a branch and escaped. Then the hunter set the net on the dove and wanted to slam it shut. The ant crawled up to the hunter and bit him on the leg; the hunter groaned and dropped the net. The dove fluttered and flew away.

wolf and crane

The wolf choked on a bone and could not vomit. He called the crane and said:

Come on, you crane, you have a long neck, put your head down my throat and pull out the bone: I will reward you.

The crane stuck its head in, pulled out the bone, and said:

Come on, give me a reward.

The wolf gritted his teeth and said:

Or is it not enough for you that I didn’t bite your head off when I had it in my teeth?

Fisherman and fish

The fisherman caught a fish. Rybka says:

“Fisherman, let me into the water; You see, I am shallow: you will not be of much use to me. And let me go, let me grow up, then you will catch - you will benefit more "

Rybak says:

“He will be a fool who waits for a great benefit, but misses a small one.”

Thin threads

(Fable)

One person ordered a spinning thin thread. The spinner spun the thin threads, but the man said: "The threads are not good, I need the thinnest threads." The spinner said: “If these are not thin for you, then here are others for you,” and she pointed to an empty place. He said he didn't see. The spinner said: “That’s why you don’t see that they are very thin; I don't see it myself."

The fool was delighted and ordered more such threads for himself, and paid money for these.

Squirrel and wolf

The squirrel jumped from branch to branch and fell right on the sleepy wolf. The wolf jumped up and wanted to eat her. The squirrel began to ask:

- Let me in.

Wolf said:

- All right, I'll let you in, just tell me why you squirrels are so cheerful. I'm always bored, but you look at you, you're all playing and jumping up there.

Belka said:

“Let me first up the tree, and from there I’ll tell you, otherwise I’m afraid of you.”

The wolf let go, and the squirrel went to the tree and said from there:

- You're bored because you're angry. Anger burns your heart. And we are cheerful because we are kind and do no harm to anyone.

Old grandfather and granddaughter

(Fable)
The grandfather became very old. His legs could not walk, his eyes could not see, his ears could not hear, he had no teeth. And when he ate, it flowed back from his mouth. The son and daughter-in-law stopped putting him at the table, and let him dine at the stove. They took him down once to dine in a cup. He wanted to move it, but he dropped it and broke it. The daughter-in-law began to scold the old man for spoiling everything in the house and breaking cups, and said that now she would give him dinner in the pelvis. The old man just sighed and said nothing. Once a husband and wife sit at home and look - their little son plays planks on the floor - something works out.

The father asked: “What are you doing, Misha?” And Misha says: “It’s me, father, I’m doing the pelvis. When you and your mother are old, to feed you from this pelvis.

Husband and wife looked at each other and wept. They felt ashamed that they had offended the old man so much; and from then on they began to put him at the table and look after him.

Lion and mouse

The lion was sleeping. The mouse ran over his body. He woke up and caught her. The mouse began to ask him to let her in; she said:

- If you let me in, and I will do you good.

The lion laughed that the mouse promised to do good to him, and let it go.

Then the hunters caught the lion and tied it to a tree with a rope. The mouse heard the lion's roar, ran, gnawed through the rope and said:

“Remember, you laughed, you didn’t think that I could do you good, but now you see, sometimes good comes from a mouse.

sparrow and swallows

Once I stood in the yard and looked at the nest of swallows under the roof. Both swallows flew away in my presence, and the nest was left empty.

While they were away, a sparrow flew off the roof, jumped onto the nest, looked back, flapped its wings and darted into the nest; then he stuck his head out and chirped.

Soon after, a swallow flew to the nest. She poked herself into the nest, but as soon as she saw the guest, she squeaked, beat her wings on the spot and flew away.

The sparrow sat and chirped.

Suddenly a herd of swallows flew in: all the swallows flew up to the nest - as if in order to look at the sparrow, and flew away again. Sparrow was not shy, turned his head and chirped. The swallows again flew up to the nest, did something and flew away again.

It was not for nothing that the swallows flew up: they each brought dirt in their beaks and gradually covered up the hole in the nest. Again the swallows flew away and again flew in, and more and more covered up the nest, and the hole became tighter and tighter.

At first the sparrow's neck was visible, then one head, then the spout, and then nothing was visible; the swallows completely covered it in the nest, flew away and whistled around the house.

Two comrades

Two comrades were walking through the forest, and a bear jumped out at them.

One rushed to run, climbed a tree and hid, while the other remained on the road. He had nothing to do - he fell to the ground and pretended to be dead.

The bear came up to him and began to sniff: he stopped breathing. The bear sniffed his face, thought it was dead, and moved away. When the bear left, he got down from the tree and laughs.

“Well,” he says, “did the bear speak in your ear?”

- And he told me that bad people are those who run away from their comrades in danger.

Liar

The boy guarded the sheep and, as if he saw a wolf, began to call:

Help, wolf! Wolf!

The men come running and see: it's not true. As he did so two and three times, it happened - and a wolf really came running. The boy began to scream:

"Here, come here, wolf!"

The peasants thought that he was deceiving again, as usual, and did not listen to him. The wolf sees, there is nothing to be afraid of: in the open he cut the whole herd.

The hunter and the quail

A quail got caught in a hunter's net and began to ask the hunter to let him go.

“Just let me go,” he says, “I will serve you.” I'll lure other quails into the net for you.

“Well, a quail,” said the hunter, “and would not let you in anyway, and now even more so. I'll turn my head for what you want to give out your own.

Eagle

The eagle built its nest on the high road, far from the sea, and brought out the children. Once people were working near the tree, and the eagle flew up to the nest with a big fish in its claws. People saw the fish, surrounded the tree, shouted and threw stones at the eagle.

The eagle dropped the fish, the people picked it up and left. The eagle sat on the edge of the nest, and the eaglets raised their heads and began to squeak: they asked for food.

The eagle was tired and could not fly again to the sea; he sank into the nest, covered the eaglets with his wings, caressed them, straightened their feathers, and seemed to ask them to wait a little.

But the more he caressed them, the louder they squealed. Then the eagle flew away from them and sat on the top bough of the tree. The eagles whistled and squealed even more plaintively.

Then the eagle suddenly screamed loudly, spread its wings and heavily flew towards the sea. He returned only late in the evening: he flew quietly and low above the ground; he had a big fish in his claws again.

When he flew up to the tree, he looked around to see if there were people nearby again, quickly folded his wings and sat on the edge of the nest.

The eaglets raised their heads and opened their mouths, the eagle tore the fish and fed the children.

Bone

Mother bought plums and wanted to give them to the children after dinner. They were on a plate.

Vanya never ate plums and kept sniffing them. And he really liked them. I really wanted to eat. He kept walking past the plums. When no one was in the room, he could not resist, grabbed one plum and ate it.

Before dinner, the mother counted the plums and sees that one is missing. She told her father.

At dinner, the father says:

And what, children, has anyone eaten one plum?

Everyone said, "No." Vanya blushed like a cancer and said too: "No, I didn't eat."

Then the father said:

What any of you have eaten is not good; but that's not the problem. The trouble is that plums have bones, and if someone does not know how to eat them and swallows a stone, he will die in a day. I'm afraid of it.

Vanya turned pale and said:

No, I threw a bone through the window.

And everyone laughed, and Vanya began to cry.

Little mouse

The mouse went for a walk. She walked around the yard and came back to her mother.

- Well, mother, I saw two animals. One is scary and the other is kind.

Mother asked:

- Tell me, what kind of animals are these?

The mouse said:

One scary - legs he is black, his crest is red, his eyes are bulging, and his nose is hooked. When I walked past, he opened his mouth, lifted his leg and began to scream so loudly that I didn’t know where to go from fear.

This is a rooster, said the old mouse, he does no harm to anyone, do not be afraid of him. Well, what about the other animal?

The other lay in the sun and warmed himself. His neck is white, his legs are gray, smooth. He himself licks his white breast and moves his tail a little, looks at me.

The old mouse said:

- You're stupid, you're stupid. After all, it's a cat.

Kitten

There were brother and sister - Vasya and Katya; they had a cat. In the spring, the cat disappeared. The children looked for her everywhere, but could not find her. Once they were playing near the barn and heard something meowing in thin voices above their heads. Vasya climbed the stairs under the roof of the barn. And Katya stood below and kept asking: “Did you find it? Found?" But Vasya did not answer her. Finally, Vasya shouted to her: “I found it! Our cat ... and her kittens: how wonderful; come here quickly."

Katya ran home, got milk and brought it to the cat.

There were five kittens. When they grew up a little and began to crawl out from under the corner where they hatched, the children chose one kitten, gray with white paws, and. brought to the house.

The mother gave away all the other kittens, and left this one to the children. The children fed him, played with him and put him to bed with them. Once the children went to play on the road and took a kitten with them.

The wind stirred the straw along the road, and the kitten played with the straw, and the children rejoiced at him. Then they found sorrel near the road, went to collect it and forgot about the kitten.

Suddenly they heard someone shouting loudly: “Back, back!” and they saw that the hunter was galloping, and in front of him were two dogs - they saw a kitten and wanted to grab it. And the kitten, stupid, instead of running, sat down on the ground, hunched his back and looks at the dogs. Katya was frightened by the dogs, screamed and ran away from them. Vasya, with all his heart, set off to the kitten and at the same time as the dogs ran up to him. The dogs wanted to grab the kitten, but Vasya fell on the kitten with his stomach and covered it from the dogs.

The hunter jumped up and drove the dogs away, and Vasya brought the kitten home and no longer took him into the field with him.

The poor and the rich

They lived in the same house: upstairs, a rich man was a gentleman, and downstairs, a poor tailor. The tailor sang songs at work and prevented the master from sleeping. The master gave the tailor a bag of money so that he would not sing. The tailor became rich and guarded all his money, but he no longer began to sing.

And he got bored. He took the money and took it back to the master and said:

Take your money back, and let me sing songs. And then melancholy came upon me.

birdie

It was Seryozha's birthday, and they gave him many different gifts: tops, horses, and pictures. But more than all the gifts, Uncle Seryozha gave a net to catch birds.

The grid is made in such a way that a plank is attached to the frame and the grid is folded back. Pour the seed on a plank and put it out in the yard. A bird will fly in, sit on a plank, - the plank will turn, and the net will slam itself shut.

Seryozha was delighted, ran to his mother to show the net.

Mother says:

Not a good toy. What do you want birds? Why would you torture them?

I'll put them in a cage. They will sing and I will feed them.

Seryozha took out a seed, sprinkled it on a plank and put the net into the garden. And he stood there, waiting for the birds to fly. But the birds were afraid of him and did not fly into the net.

Seryozha went to dinner and left the net. I looked after dinner - the net slammed shut, and a bird beats under the net. Serezha was delighted, he caught the bird and carried it home.

Mom, look, I caught a bird. That's right, nightingale! And how his heart beats.

Mother said:

This is a chizh. Look, do not torture him, but rather let him go.

No, I will feed and water him.

Seryozha chizh was put in a cage and for two days he sprinkled seed on him, put water on and cleaned the cage. On the third day he forgot about the siskin and did not change his water.

His mother says to him:

You see, you forgot about your bird - it's better to let it go.

No, I won't forget, I'll put water on and clean out the cage.

Seryozha put his hand into the cage, began to clean it, but the chizhik got scared - he beats against the cage.

Seryozha cleaned out the cage and went to fetch water. The mother saw that he forgot to close the cage, and shouted to him:

Seryozha, close the cage, otherwise your bird will fly out and be killed!

Before she had time to say, the siskin found the door, was delighted, spread his wings and flew through the upper room to the window. Yes, I did not see the glass, I hit the glass and fell on the windowsill.

Seryozha came running, took the bird, carried it to the cage. Chizh was still alive, but lay on his chest, spreading his wings, and breathing heavily. Seryozha looked and looked and began to cry.

Mom, what should I do now?

Now you can't do anything.

Seryozha did not leave the cage all day and kept looking at the chizhik, but the chizhik still lay on his chest and breathed heavily and quickly. When Seryozha went to sleep, the chizhik was still alive.

Seryozha could not sleep for a long time; every time he closed his eyes, he imagined a siskin, how he lies and breathes.

In the morning, when Seryozha approached the cage, he saw that the siskin was lying on his back, tucked his paws and stiffened.

Since then, Seryozha has never caught birds.

Cow

The widow Marya lived with her mother and six children. They lived in poverty. But they bought a brown cow with the last money so that there would be milk for the children. The older children fed Burenushka in the field and gave her slop at home. Once the mother left the yard, and the older boy Misha climbed on the shelf for bread, dropped a glass and broke it. Misha was afraid that his mother would scold him, picked up the large glasses from the glass, carried them out into the yard and buried them in manure, and picked up all the small glasses and threw them into the pelvis. The mother missed the glass, began to ask, but Misha did not say; and so it remained.

The next day, after dinner, the mother went to give Burenushka slop from the pelvis, she sees that Burenushka is bored and does not eat food. They began to treat the cow, called the grandmother. The grandmother said: the cow will not live, it must be killed for meat. They called a man, began to beat the cow. The children heard Burenushka roaring in the yard. Everyone gathered on the stove and began to cry. When Burenushka was killed, skinned and cut into pieces, glass was found in her throat.

And they found out that she died because she got glass in the slops. When Misha learned this, he began to cry bitterly and confessed to his mother about the glass. The mother said nothing and began to cry herself. She said: we killed our Burenushka, now there is nothing to buy. How will small children live without milk? Misha began to cry even more and did not get down from the stove when they ate jelly from cow head. Every day he saw in a dream how Uncle Vasily carried by the horns the dead, brown head of Burenushka with open eyes and a red neck.

Since then, the children have not had milk. Only on holidays there was milk, when Marya asked the neighbors for a pot. It happened that the lady of that village needed a nanny for her child. The old woman says to her daughter: let me go, I will go to the nanny, and maybe God will help you manage the children alone. And I, God willing, will earn a year for a cow. So they did. The old woman went to the mistress. And Marya became even harder with the children. And the children lived without milk for a whole year: they ate only jelly and tyurya and became thin and pale.

A year passed, the old woman came home and brought twenty rubles. Well, daughter! says, now let's buy a cow. Marya rejoiced, all the children rejoiced. Marya and the old woman were going to the market to buy a cow. A neighbor was asked to stay with the children, and a neighbor, Uncle Zakhar, was asked to go with them to choose a cow. Prayed to God, went to the city. The children had lunch and went outside to see if they were leading a cow. The children began to judge: what kind of cow will be - brown or black. They began to talk about how they would feed her. They waited, waited all day. They went a mile away to meet a cow, it was already getting dark, and they returned back.

Suddenly, they see: a grandmother is riding a cart along the street, and a motley cow is walking at the rear wheel, tied by the horns, and the mother is walking behind, pushing with a twig. Children ran up and began to look at the cow. They collected bread, grass, began to feed. Mother went into the hut, undressed and went out into the yard with a towel and a pail. She sat down under the cow and wiped the udder. God bless! began to milk the cow, and the children sat in a circle and watched how the milk splashed from the udder into the edge of the pail and whistled from under the mother's fingers. Mother milked half of the pail, took it to the cellar and poured out a pot for the children for dinner.

Shark

Our ship was anchored off the coast of Africa. It was a fine day, with a fresh breeze blowing from the sea; but towards evening the weather changed: it became stuffy and, as if from a melted stove, hot air from the Sahara desert was blowing at us.

Before sunset, the captain went on deck, shouted: "Swim!" and in one minute the sailors jumped into the water, lowered the sail into the water, tied it and made a bath in the sail.

There were two boys on the ship with us. The boys were the first to jump into the water, but they were cramped in the sail, and they decided to swim in a race on the high seas.

Both, like lizards, stretched out in the water and, with all their strength, swam to the place where there was a barrel above the anchor.

One boy at first overtook his comrade, but then began to lag behind. The boy's father, an old artilleryman, stood on the deck and admired his son. When the son began to lag behind, the father shouted to him: “Do not betray! Push!"

Suddenly, from the deck, someone shouted: "Shark!" - and we all saw the back of a sea monster in the water.

The shark swam straight at the boys.

Back! Back! Come back! Shark! shouted the gunner. But the guys did not hear him, they swam on, laughing and shouting even more cheerfully and louder than before.

The artilleryman, pale as a sheet, looked at the children without moving.

The sailors lowered the boat, rushed into it and, bending the oars, rushed with all their strength to the boys; but they were still far away from them when the shark was no more than twenty paces away.

The boys at first did not hear what was shouted to them, and did not see the shark; but then one of them looked back, and we all heard a piercing squeal, and the boys swam in different directions.

This squeal seemed to wake the gunner. He took off and ran to the cannons. He turned his trunk, lay down on the cannon, took aim and took the fuse.

We all, no matter how many of us were on the ship, froze with fear and waited for what would happen.

A shot rang out, and we saw that the artilleryman had fallen near the cannon and covered his face with his hands. What happened to the shark and the boys we did not see, because for a moment the smoke clouded our eyes.

But when the smoke dispersed over the water, at first a quiet murmur was heard from all sides, then this murmur became stronger, and, finally, a loud, joyful cry was heard from all sides.

The old artilleryman opened his face, got up and looked at the sea.

The yellow belly of a dead shark rippled over the waves. In a few minutes the boat sailed up to the boys and brought them to the ship.

hedgehog and hare

I met a hare hedgehog and says:

“You should be good to everyone, hedgehog, only your legs are crooked, they are braided.”

The hedgehog got angry and said:

“What are you laughing at? my crooked legs run faster than your straight ones. Let me just go home, and then let's run a race!

The hedgehog went home and said to his wife: “I argued with the hare: we want to run a race!”

Yezhov's wife and says: “You must have gone crazy! Where do you run with a hare? His legs are fast, and yours are crooked and blunt.”

And the hedgehog says: “He has fast legs, and I have a fast mind. Just do what I say. Let's go to the field."

Here they came to the plowed field to the hare; hedgehog and says to his wife:

“Hide yourself at this end of the furrow, and the hare and I will run from the other end; when he runs away, I will come back; but when he comes running to your end, you come out and say: but I have been waiting for a long time. He won't recognize you from me - he'll think it's me."

Yezhov's wife hid in a furrow, and the hedgehog and the hare ran from the other end.

As the hare fled, the hedgehog came back and hid in the furrow. The hare galloped to the other end of the furrow: look! - and Yezhov's wife is already sitting there. She saw a hare and said to him: “And I have been waiting for a long time!”

The hare did not recognize Yezhov's wife from the hedgehog and thinks: “What a miracle! How did he overtake me?

“Well,” he says, “let's run again!”

The hare started back, ran to the other end: look! - and the hedgehog is already there, and he says: “Hey, brother, you are only now, and I have been here for a long time.”

“What a miracle! - thinks the hare, - how fast I galloped, and yet he overtook me. Well, let’s run again, now you won’t overtake. ”

"Let's run!"

The hare galloped, that was the spirit: look! - the hedgehog sits in front and waits.

So, the hare until then jumped from end to end, that he was exhausted.

The hare submitted and said that he would never argue ahead.

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Recently, the publishing house "Children's Literature" published a wonderful collection of Leo Tolstoy's "Little Stories". The book contains the works of Leo Tolstoy for children, included in the "ABC", "New ABC" and "Russian books for reading". Therefore, the collection is ideal for teaching reading, as well as for independent reading, when the child is just entering the world of great literature. Many works are included in the preschool education program, as well as textbooks for elementary and secondary schools.

This is a book of stories from our childhood, written in really "great and mighty" Russian. The edition turned out to be light and very "home".

The collection consists of four parts:
1. "From the New ABC" - a part of the book intended for children who are just learning to read. It included exercises for reading, where the main thing is the language form for getting to know all the letters and sounds. The font in this part is very large.
2. Little stories - the author's familiar realistic stories, such as Filipok, Kostochka, Shark, Jump, Swans ... They are distinguished by an entertaining plot, memorable images and accessible language. As stated in the appeal to parents, having independently read more serious and voluminous works, the novice reader will believe in himself.
3. Once upon a time - there were - includes mostly fairy tales that we remember from childhood - Three bears, How a man divided geese, Lipunyushka and others.
4. Fables - the fourth part is devoted to fables. "Here you need to help the child comprehend the plot - to teach him to see in the text not just a story about animals, but a story about human vices and weaknesses, to draw conclusions about which actions are good and which are not." The font in these parts is already smaller, but also sufficient for children.

There are 14 artists in the book, and what (!!!). Color beautiful works of such outstanding masters of children's book illustration, like Nikolai Ustinov, Evgeny Rachev, Veniamin Losin, Viktor Britvin - just a gift to our children. The collection also includes M. Alekseev and N. Stroganova, P. Goslavsky, L. Khailov, S. Yarovoy, E. Korotkova, L. Gladneva, N. Sveshnikova, N. Levinskaya, G. Epishin. There are a lot of illustrations, both full-page and small.

A small book of stories will bring great pleasure to you and your child, and it will also be of great benefit.

All kids like to read Tolstoy's bedtime stories. It is at this time, before going to bed, that children want something kind and fabulous, to find themselves in a completely different world, where magic and celebration reign. Children need fairy tales. These are their small steps into adulthood, which vivid stories really help to learn. In addition, it is in this form that children are best taught morality, life principles and good. This is a very important process in the formation of their personality. Therefore, the presence of fairy tales in childhood is simply necessary.

We offer you Tolstoy's fairy tales, which are great for reading to children at night, or at another free time. Leo Tolstoy made a huge contribution to children's literature, writing such original masterpieces. This writer tried very hard to make the stories so fascinating and informative that the children were not only interested, but also had pleasant impressions after reading.

Plunging into a serene world, without unsolvable problems, will be interesting not only for young readers, but also for adults along with them. Fairy tales for Tolstoy's children are filled with instructive stories, exciting plots, funny but illustrative characters, as well as bright representatives of good and evil. The writer tried very hard to fit everything beautiful into these small works that show the reality of that time, but in a fabulous form and with a ray of hope.

Among the huge list of beautiful works there is also the famous "Golden Key" - everyone's favorite fairy tale, which can not leave anyone indifferent. The difficult adventures of Pinocchio and his circumstances make you deeply empathize with the hero in your imagination. The help of his faithful friends and a happy ending show the victory of good. This tale remains in the priority of the most impressive.

Also on the list are "Magpie Tales", which consist of many small and long stories about various animals, people, good, evil, victories and defeats. They are filled with instructive meaning and will be very interesting for children. There are many other equally interesting tales of Tolstoy, which you can read on our website.

You can choose for your child any suitable work of this author that he likes, and go with him to a world filled with goodness and wonder.

You can find fairy tales for every taste and with any plot in this section of our website andis freeread them to your child at any time. Hopefully reading fairy talesonlinewill bring you and children only pleasure.