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The presentation on the theme "The Master and Margarita" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Literature. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 14 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov and his novel
"Master and Margarita"
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Introduction
“Of all the writers of the 20s and 30s. it is probably Mikhail Bulgakov who remains in the Russian public consciousness to the greatest extent. He is preserved not so much by his biography, from which his letters to Stalin are usually remembered, but by his works, the main of which is The Master and Margarita. For each next generation of readers, the novel opens up with new facets. Outstanding creative minds recognize the novel "The Master and Margarita" as one of the greatest creations of the twentieth century. Not everyone is able to comprehend The Master and Margarita in the ideological and philosophical key that the author suggests. Of course, in order to penetrate, to understand all the details of the novel, a person must have a high cultural preparedness and historical awareness on many issues.
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Until now, no one has been able to determine exactly what the satirical, philosophical, psychological, and in the Yershalaim chapters - the epic novel "The Master and Margarita" is. But most importantly, Bulgakov, anticipating his death, realized The Master and Margarita as "the last sunset novel", as a testament, as his main message to mankind (what is most surprising, he wrote this work "on the table", for himself, not at all confident in the prospect of publishing a masterpiece). History thanked the writer for his work: the novel nevertheless came to light from the depths of the drawer of Bulgakov's desk, when the hopeless Stalinist times were left behind.
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Few novels can be named that would generate as much controversy as The Master and Margarita. They argue about the prototypes of the characters, about who the main character of the work is: the Master, Woland, Yeshua or Ivan Bezdomny (despite the fact that the author quite clearly expressed his position by naming chapter 13, in which the Master first enters the stage, “The Phenomenon hero") about, finally, in what genre the novel was written. The latter cannot be unequivocally determined.
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Perhaps the reason for such a multifaceted genre of the novel is that Bulgakov himself could not decide on its final plot and title for a long time. So, there were three editions of the novel, in which there were the following variants of names: “Black Magician”, “Engineer's Hoof”, “Juggler with a Hoof”, “Tour (Woland?)” (1st edition); "The Grand Chancellor", "Satan", "Here I Am", "Hat with a Feather", "Black Theologian", "He Appeared", "Foreigner's Horseshoe", "He Appeared", "The Advent", "The Black Magician" and “Hoof of the Consultant” (2nd edition, which was subtitled “Fantastic Novel” - maybe this is a hint at how the author himself defined the genre of his work); and, finally, the third edition was originally called "Prince of Darkness", and less than a year later, the now well-known title "Master and Margarita" appeared.
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Yeshua and Woland. In the novel The Master and Margarita, the two main forces of good and evil, which, according to Bulgakov, should be in balance on Earth, are embodied in the faces of Yeshua Ha-Notsri from Yershalaim, close in image to Christ, and Woland, Satan in human form. Woland came to Earth to restore harmony where it had been broken in favor of evil, which included lies, stupidity, hypocrisy and, finally, the betrayal that filled Moscow. The earth was originally firmly established between hell and heaven, and there must be a balance of good and evil on it. Like good and evil, Yeshua and Woland are internally interconnected, and, opposing, they cannot do without each other. It's like we wouldn't know what white is if there were no black, what day is if there were no night. This relationship in the novel is expressed in the descriptions of both characters - the author focuses on the same things. Woland "in appearance - more than forty years old", and Yeshua - twenty-seven; “Under the left eye of the man (Yeshua) there was a big bruise…” and Woland’s “right eye is black, the left one is green for some reason.”
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How does Woland appear? At the Patriarch's Ponds, he appears before M.A. Berlioz and Ivan Bezdomny, who, sitting on a bench, judge Christ and reject his very existence. Woland is trying to convince them of the existence of God and the devil - to deny him means to deny his existence. It is quite clear that Woland is the devil, the embodiment of evil. But why did he come to Moscow in the 1930s? The purpose of his mission was to reveal the evil inclination in man. I must say that Woland, unlike Yeshua Ha-Nozri, considers all people not good, but evil. And in Moscow, where he arrived to do evil, he sees that there is nothing left to do - evil has already flooded the city, penetrated into all its corners. Woland could only laugh at people, at their naivety and stupidity.
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Woland's retinue
Woland did not come to earth alone. He was accompanied by creatures who, by and large, play the role of jesters in the novel, arrange all kinds of shows, disgusting and hated by the indignant Moscow population. But their task was also to do all the "dirty" work for Woland, to serve him, including preparing Margarita for the Great Ball and for her and the Master's journey to the world of peace. Woland's retinue consisted of three "main" jesters - Behemoth Cat, Koroviev-Fagot, Azazello and another vampire girl Gella.
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Master and Margarita
One of the most enigmatic figures in The Master and Margarita is, of course, the Master. The author himself called him a hero, but introduced him to the reader only in chapter 13. Even Woland's world has no power - the Master is worthy of peace, an eternal home - only there, broken by mental suffering, the Master can reconnect with his beloved Margarita, who sets off with him on his last journey. She made a deal with the devil to save the Master and therefore deserves forgiveness. The Master's love for Margarita is in many ways unearthly, eternal love. But the hero’s reward here is not light, but peace, and in the kingdom of peace, in Woland’s last shelter or even, more precisely, on the border of two worlds - light and darkness, Margarita becomes the guide and guardian of her beloved: “You will fall asleep, putting on your greasy and eternal cap, you will fall asleep with a smile on your lips. Sleep will strengthen you, you will reason wisely. And you won't be able to drive me away. I will take care of your sleep. So Margarita spoke, walking with the Master towards their eternal home, and it seemed to the Master that Margarita's words were flowing in the same way as the stream left behind flowed and whispered. These lines of E.S. Bulgakova took dictation from the terminally ill author of The Master and Margarita.
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Pontius Pilate
Most of the characters in the Yershalaim chapters of The Master and Margarita go back to the Gospel chapters. But this cannot be said in full about Pontius Pilate, the fifth procurator of Judea. He had a reputation as a "fierce monster". In his image, the writer captures a man tormented by pangs of conscience for having sent an innocent to death. Ha-Notsri never deviated from the Truth, from the ideal, and therefore deserved the light. He himself is the ideal - the personified conscience of mankind. The tragedy of the hero is in his physical death, but morally he wins. The procurator's conscience haunts him... The procurator of Judea tried to persuade the prisoner to lie, but Yeshua insists that "it is easy and pleasant to tell the truth." So, the procurator declared: "I wash my hands" and doomed an innocent person to death. Yeshua performed a sacrificial feat in the name of truth and goodness, and Pilate suffered and suffered for “twelve thousand moons” until the Master gave him forgiveness and the opportunity to negotiate with Ha-Nozri.
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Conclusion
During the life of Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov, the novel "The Master and Margarita" was not completed and was not published. Bulgakov destroyed the first edition of the novel on March 18, 1930. Mikhail Afanasyevich reported this in a letter to the government on March 28, 1930: “And personally, with my own hands, I threw a draft of a novel about the devil into the stove ...”. Work on The Master and Margarita was resumed in 1931. The novel The Master and Margarita was recognized without hesitation as the main work of Bulgakov's life. Indeed, Bulgakov created The Master and Margarita for twelve years, most of his creative life. One can only be surprised at the dedication of Mikhail Afanasyevich: after all, Bulgakov was far from sure about the prospect of publishing the novel. At this time, the author, a doctor by training, already felt some symptoms of a fatal disease - nephrosclerosis, which killed his father, and subsequently struck the writer himself. It is no coincidence that on one of the pages of the manuscript of "Masters ..." a dramatic note was made: "Finish before you die!" ...
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When Bulgakov wrote his novel, he had great difficulty with sharp political satire, which the writer wanted to hide from the eyes of censorship and which, of course, was understandable to people. Probably, Bulgakov did not rule out that the political allusions contained in The Master and Margarita would bring him trouble. Some of the most politically transparent parts of the novel were destroyed by the writer in the early stages of his work. But, as Woland said, "manuscripts do not burn." Bulgakov, who destroyed the first edition of The Master and Margarita, became convinced that once written it was impossible to banish from memory, and as a result left the manuscript of the great work as a legacy to his descendants after his death.
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Bibliography:
1) B. V. Sokolov "Bulgakov Encyclopedia". Ed. "LOKID" - "MIF" Moscow 1997. 2) B.V. Sokolov "Three Lives of Mikhail Bulgakov". Ed. "ELLIS LACK" Moscow 1997. 3) I.L. Galinskaya "Mysteries of famous books". Ed. "NAUKA" Moscow 1986. 4) V.T. Boborykin "Mikhail Bulgakov". Ed. "ENLIGHTENMENT" Moscow 1991. 5) L.Ya. Shneiberg, I.V. Kondakov. "From Gorky to Solzhenitsyn" Ed. "High School" Moscow 1995.
Michael Bulgakov
"Master and Margarita"
Gritsenko Natalia
11 - B class
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Plan
Biography
Creation
"Master and Margarita"
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Mikhail Bulgakov was born in Kiev on May 15, 1891. His father was a professor at the Kiev Theological Academy. For some time, Mikhail received an education at home, and then his father sent him to the very prestigious Alexander Gymnasium at that time. This time allowed Bulgakov to reveal his many talents. He painted, wrote poetry and prose, and sang. In 1909, Bulgakov entered the medical faculty of St. Vladimir's University of Kiev. During the First World War, together with his wife Tatyana, he worked in a hospital. And then Mikhail voluntarily went to the front, where he gained experience as a military surgeon.
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After the university, the career of a civilian doctor, Mikhail Bulgakov, began. In 1919-1921 he lived in Vladikavkaz. There he mastered the journalistic profession and began to write texts for theatrical performances. In 1922, while already in Moscow, Bulgakov published The Extraordinary Adventures of a Doctor. Then there were many works by Mikhail Bulgakov, which aroused the indignation of the official authorities. In particular, censorship banned the publication of Heart of a Dog.
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Since 1928, Bulgakov worked on the novel The Master and Margarita. As a result, this work has become a cult in world literature. On March 10, 1940, the brilliant writer died, leaving behind many unique works, the relevance of which has not been lost to this day.
Parents
Father - Bulgakov Afanasy Ivanovich Mother - Bulgakova Varvara Mikhailovna
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Wives
Lappa Tatyana Nikolaevna (1892-1982) - the first wife, the main prototype of the character of Anna Kirillovna in the story "Morphine".
Belozerskaya Lyubov Evgenievna (1895-1987) - second wife.
Bulgakova Elena Sergeevna (1893-1970) - the third wife, the keeper of the literary heritage. The main prototype of the character of Margarita in the novel "The Master and Margarita".
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Tales and novels by Mikhail Bulgakov
"The Adventures of Chichikov" (1922)
"White Guard" (1922-1924)
"Diaboliad" (1923)
"Notes on cuffs" (, 1923)
"Crimson Island" (1924)
"Heart of a Dog" (1987)
"Great Chancellor. Prince of darkness "(1928-1929)
The Engineer's Hoof (novel, 1928-1929)
"To a Secret Friend" (1929, published 1987)
The Master and Margarita (novel, 1929-1940, published 1973)
The Life of Monsieur de Molière (novel)
"Theatrical novel" ("Notes of a dead man") (1936-1937)
“A classic is a book that a people or a group of peoples over a long period of time decide to read as if everything on its pages was thought out, inevitably and deeply, like the cosmos, and allowed for countless interpretations” tttttH.L. Borges.
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The theme of the novel
The main theme of the novel "The Master and Margarita" is the struggle between good and evil. Most of the characters symbolize evil. Greed, bribery, envy, pretense, betrayal, etc. - all these qualities are evil to a greater or lesser extent, and it is they that are inherent in the heroes of the novel. Love, on the contrary, symbolizes goodness.
There are over 500 characters in the novel, but only two truly love, truly live. The Master and Margarita are practically the only positive, worthy characters. In the images of the Master and Margarita, Bulgakov created ordinary Russian people. To understand Bulgakov's heroes, one must put them next to the heroes of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, whose lives are full of doubts, searches, whose properties and qualities convey the best features and characteristics of the Russian national character.
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The history of the creation of the novel "The Master and Margarita"
The novel "The Master and Margarita" was the result of Bulgakov's entire life, his best creation. The novel brought the writer worldwide fame, was and remains one of the most widely read works of the 20th century. After reading the novel in manuscript, A.A. Akhmatova said about the author: "He is a genius." Bulgakov worked on the creation of the novel for 12 years. By the end of the 30s, chapter 15 of the novel was completed. Elena Sergeevna, the writer's wife, took one chapter to the newspaper and it was printed. The criticism that followed made it clear that publishing the entire novel was out of the question. Bulgakov tried to burn the manuscript of the novel. However, it didn't get easier for him. The novel continued to live in the thoughts of the writer. Woland's words turned out to be prophetic: "Manuscripts do not burn." Soon the writer restored the manuscript. The novel was completed on May 22-23, 1938. On May 14, 1939, important changes were made to the end of the novel and its epilogue.
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Upon learning of the fatal illness, Bulgakov began to dictate corrections to the novel to his wife and continued to work on it until the last days of his life. Only 30 years later, thanks to the efforts of the same Elena Sergeevna, it was published in abridged form in the Moscow magazine (1966-1967).
Initially, the novel was conceived as a continuation of the "diaboliad" theme, which he began in the 1920s. In the process of work, the conceived theme faded into the background, giving way to true heroes.
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Characters
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Master
A professional historian who won a large sum in the lottery and got the opportunity to try his hand at literary work. Becoming a writer, he managed to create a brilliant novel about Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Nozri, but turned out to be a man not adapted to the era in which he lived. He was driven to despair by persecution from colleagues who severely criticized his work. Nowhere in the novel is his name and surname mentioned; to direct questions about this, he always refused to introduce himself, saying - "Let's not talk about it." Known only by the nickname "master" given by Margarita. He considers himself unworthy of such a nickname, considering it a whim of his beloved. A master is a person who has achieved the highest success in any activity, which may be why he is rejected by the crowd, which is not able to appreciate his talent and abilities. The Master, the protagonist of the novel, writes a novel about Yeshua (Jesus) and Pilate. The master writes the novel, interpreting the gospel events in his own way, without miracles and the power of grace - like Tolstoy. The master communicated with Woland - Satan, a witness, according to him, of the events that took place, the described events of the novel.
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Margarita Nikolaevna
The beautiful, wealthy but bored wife of a famous engineer, suffering from the emptiness of her life. Having met the Master by chance on the streets of Moscow, she fell in love with him at first sight, passionately believed in the success of his novel, prophesied glory. When the Master decided to burn his novel, she only managed to save a few pages. Further, she concludes a deal with messire and becomes the queen of the satanic ball arranged by Woland in order to regain the missing Master. Margarita is a symbol of love and self-sacrifice in the name of another person. If you call the novel without using symbols, then "The Master and Margarita" is transformed into "Creativity and Love".
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Woland
Satan, who visited Moscow under the guise of a foreign professor of black magic, a "historian". At the first appearance (in the novel "The Master and Margarita") he narrates the first chapter from the novel (about Yeshua and Pilate). Eye defects are the main feature of appearance. Appearance: “he was not small and not huge, but just tall. As for his teeth, he had platinum crowns on the left side, and gold crowns on the right. He wore an expensive gray suit, expensive foreign shoes to match the color of the suit, he always had a cane with him, with a black knob in the shape of a poodle's head; the right eye is black, the left one is green for some reason; a crooked mouth. Shaved clean." He smoked a pipe and always carried a cigarette case with him.
Bassoon
One of the characters of Satan's retinue, all the time walking in ridiculous checkered clothes and pince-nez with one cracked and one missing glass. In his true form, he turns out to be a knight, forced to pay with constant stay in the retinue of Satan for one once said unsuccessful pun about light and darkness.
Koroviev-Fagot has some resemblance to a bassoon - a long thin tube folded in three. Bulgakov's character is thin, tall and in imaginary servility, it seems, is ready to triple in front of his interlocutor.
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Azazello
Among the ancient Jews, Azazel was the goat-like spirit of the desert. This is the name of the negative hero of the Old Testament, the fallen angel who taught people to make weapons and jewelry. Probably, Bulgakov was attracted by the combination in one character of the ability to seduce and kill. Margarita during their first meeting in the Alexander Garden
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Behemoth cat
The character of the retinue of Satan, a playful and restless spirit, appearing either in the form of a giant cat walking on its hind legs, or in the form of a full citizen, with a face that looks like a cat. The prototype of this character is the eponymous demon Behemoth, a demon of gluttony and debauchery, who could take the form of many large animals. In its true form, the Behemoth turns out to be a thin young man, a page demon.
Gella
A witch and vampire from the retinue of Satan, who embarrassed all his visitors by the habit of not wearing almost anything. The beauty of her body is spoiled only by a scar on her neck. In the retinue, Woland plays the role of a maid. Woland, recommending Gella to Margarita, says that there is no service that she could not provide.
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Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz
The chairman of MASSOLIT is a writer, well-read, educated and skeptical of everything. He lived in a “bad apartment” at 302-bis Sadovaya, where Woland later settled during his stay in Moscow. He died, not believing Woland's prediction about his sudden death, made shortly before her. At the ball of Satan, his further fate was determined by Woland according to the theory, according to which everyone will be given according to his faith .... Berlioz appears before us at the ball in the form of his own severed head. Subsequently, the head was turned into a bowl in the form of a skull on a golden leg, with emerald eyes and pearl teeth .... the lid of the skull was thrown back on a hinge. It was in this cup that the spirit of Berlioz found non-existence.
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Symbols
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Moscow is the global symbol of the novel. V.I. Nemtsev calls it "a cluster of "earthly" problems, firmly tied to Soviet realities." In Bulgakov's novel, Moscow symbolizes chaos, disorder, whirlpool. Ryukhin feels this when he returns from the Stravinsky clinic: “So the forest fell off ... and the river went somewhere to the side, various differences were pouring towards the truck ..., in a word, it was felt that Moscow was right there just around the corner, and now it will fall on and embrace. ” This is seen by Margarita, flying over the “rivers of caps”, from which “brooks separated and poured into the fiery mouths of night shops”: “Eh, what a mess! Margarita thought angrily, “you can’t turn around here.” V. G. Marantsman says about the fetishism of Muscovites: “In the novel, communist Moscow is presented as a step back from Christianity, a return to the cult of things and demons, spirits and ghosts”
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M.A. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita". History of creation, plot, composition, characters. Teacher of the Russian language and literature, MBOU "Pogromskaya secondary school" Volokonovsky district of the Belgorod region Morozova Alla Stanislavovnaslide 2
About the novel Bulgakov's novel is a multi-dimensional and multi-layered work. It combines mysticism and satire, fantasy and realism, light irony and philosophy. One of the main philosophical problems of the novel is the problem of the relationship between good and evil. This theme has always occupied a leading place in Russian philosophy and literature.
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The history of the creation of the novel The first edition Bulgakov dated the start of work on The Master and Margarita in different manuscripts either 1928 or 1929. The first edition of The Master and Margarita was destroyed by the author on March 18, 1930, after receiving news of the ban on the play The Cabal of Saints. Bulgakov reported this in a letter to the government: “And personally, with my own hands, I threw a draft of a novel about the devil into the stove ...”. Work on The Master and Margarita resumed in 1931.
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The history of the creation of the novel The second edition The second edition was created before 1936. Third Edition The third edition was started in the second half of 1936. On June 25, 1938, the full text was reprinted for the first time (printed by O. S. Bokshanskaya, sister of E. S. Bulgakova). The author's editing continued almost until the writer's death (1940), Bulgakov stopped it at Margarita's phrase: “So, it means that the writers are following the coffin?” ... The novel “The Master and Margarita” was not published during the author’s lifetime. For the first time it was published only in 1966, 26 years after Bulgakov's death, with cuts, in an abbreviated magazine version. The writer's wife Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova managed to keep the manuscript of the novel during all these years.
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Genre The genre uniqueness of the novel "The Master and Margarita" - "the last, sunset" work of M. A. Bulgakov still causes controversy among literary critics. It is defined as a mythical novel, a philosophical novel, a menippea, a mystery novel, etc. Almost all genres and literary trends in the world are very organically combined in The Master and Margarita. According to the English researcher of Bulgakov's work J. Curtis, the form of The Master and Margarita and its content make it a unique masterpiece, parallels with which "are difficult to find both in Russian and in the Western European literary tradition."
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Composition The composition of the novel is multifaceted: it is a "novel within a novel." Within the framework of one work, two novels interact in a complex way: the story about the life fate of the Master and the novel he created about Pontius Pilate. The fate of Bulgakov is reflected in the fate of the Master, and the fate of the Master is reflected in the fate of his hero Yeshua.
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Time and space The time of the novel refers to two eras at once, separated by almost two millennia. Both lines of the work - modern (4 days in Moscow in the 30s of the 20th century) and evangelical (1 day in Ancient Rome) - echo each other, connecting at different narrative levels of the text. The long past has not gone forever, but exists in parallel with the present.
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Three levels of reality Three time layers - past - present - eternal. Three levels of reality - earthly (people), artistic (biblical characters) and mystical (Woland with his companions); The role of the link is performed by Woland and his retinue
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Heroes of the novel. Chapters of Yershalaim Wandering philosopher Yeshua, nicknamed Ha-Nozri, who does not remember his parents, has no means of subsistence, no family, no relatives, no friends, he is a preacher of kindness, love and mercy. His goal is to make the world cleaner and kinder.
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Pontius Pilate Pontius Pilate - Roman procurator of Judea in the late 20's - early 30's. n. at which Jesus Christ was executed. Procurator - an imperial official who had the highest administrative and judicial power in a small province. Photo illustration of Retrograde
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Pilate announces the verdict: “He waited some time, knowing that no force could be used to silence the crowd until it exhaled everything that had accumulated inside it and fell silent itself. And when that moment came, the procurator threw up his right hand, and the last noise was blown away from the crowd. Illustration by Nicholas Korolyov
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Woland and his retinue ... SO WHO ARE YOU, FINALLY? - I AM A PART OF THAT FORCE THAT EVER WANTS EVIL AND ETERNALLY DOES GOOD. GOETHE "FAUST" Woland is the devil, Satan, the "prince of darkness", "the spirit of evil and the lord of shadows" (all these definitions are found in the text of the novel). Illustration by Nicholas Korolyov
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Woland's gang settles in Styopa Likhodeev's apartment “The guest was no longer alone in the bedroom, but in company. In the second armchair sat the same type that he had imagined in the hall. Now he was clearly visible: a feathery mustache, a piece of pince-nez gleaming, but no other piece of glass. But things turned out to be even worse in the bedroom: on a jeweler’s pouffe, in a cheeky pose, a third person collapsed, namely, a terrible black cat with a glass of vodka in one paw and a fork on which he managed to pry a pickled mushroom. ”Illustration by Nikolai Korolyov
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The role of biblical chapters In the gospel chapters - a kind of ideological center of the novel - the most important questions of human existence are posed, worrying people at all times, "eternal questions". What is truth? What is good and evil? Man and his faith. Man and power. What is the meaning of human life? Inner freedom and non-freedom of man. Loyalty and betrayal. Mercy and forgiveness.
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Koroviev Koroviev - a knight who owns black magic, a swindler. In reality, he is the dark purple Fagot Knight. Once unsuccessfully composing a pun about light and darkness, he was punished; forced to serve Woland.
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Azazello Azazello - "the demon of the waterless desert, the killer demon." The name Azazello was formed by Bulgakov from the Old Testament name Azazel (or Azazel). This is the name of the fallen angel who taught people how to make weapons and jewelry. This character represents death. Photo illustration of Retrograde
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Behemoth Cat Behemoth Cat is a werewolf cat and Woland's favorite jester, a satirical character, as it is presented in the form of a fat black cat that can speak and always “plays the fool”. Occasionally, he turns into a thin young man. Photo illustration of Retrograde
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Gella Gella is a female vampire. Silent and mysterious for almost the entire duration of the novel. Vampires are traditionally the lowest category of evil spirits, so it can be assumed that she is the youngest member of the retinue. Photo illustration of Retrograde
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The role of Woland's retinue Woland's retinue personifies evil, but in each of them it is presented in a peculiar way. The nature and purpose of each of them is different. Woland's statement that it is against the background of good that one can see evil, that good without evil is worth nothing, explains their actions by the fact that Good and Evil are inseparable things. Messir does not create evil, he is trying to cleanse the world by discovering and exposing human vices.
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"Moscow" chapters. MASSOLIT The house where MASSOLIT is located is called "Griboedov's House". This is a parody of the House of Labor. The folk canteen here has turned into a luxurious restaurant. There is no library - the members of MASSOLIT do not need it, because Berlioz's colleagues are not readers, but writers. Instead of labor institutions, there are departments connected only with recreation and entertainment: "Fish and summer cottage section", "Cashier", "Housing problem", "Billiard room" and others. The main attraction is the restaurant. "Griboyedov" in the novel is a symbol of not writing, but chewing brethren, a symbol of the transformation of literature into a source of satisfying immoderate appetites.
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Berlioz Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz is the chairman of MASSOLIT, located in the Griboyedov House. Berlioz received material benefits in exchange for his convictions and the renunciation of creative freedom. This is followed by punishment: he dies under the wheels of a tram immediately after talking with the devil. Photo illustration by Jean Lurie
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Ivan Bezdomny Ivan Bezdomny (aka Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrev) is a poet who becomes a professor at the Institute of History and Philosophy in the epilogue. According to Woland's prediction, Ivan finds himself in a lunatic asylum. Illustration by Nicholas Korolyov
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Master The image of the Master is a symbol of suffering, humanity, a seeker of truth in a vulgar world. - Are you a writer? - I AM A MASTER. Photo illustration of Retrograde
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Master and Margarita "I clearly remember how her voice sounded, rather low, but with breakdowns, and, silly as it seemed, the echo struck in the alley and was reflected from the dirty yellow wall" Photo illustrations by Jean Lurie
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Margarita At the beginning of the novel, Margarita, the Master's girlfriend, sympathizes with her lover and successfully lies to her husband. Gradually, she is reborn and at the end of the story acquires moral strength, making her capable of resisting evil. When "all deceptions have disappeared" and Margarita's beauty, previously "deceptive and powerless", is transformed into "unearthly beauty", she saves the Master from suffering. Photo illustration of Retrograde Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" is a great book, because great ideas are expressed in it: about the greatness of a person and about the immorality of power as a manifestation of violence against a person; about the beauty of love and people capable of love; about compassion and mercy, courage and fidelity to one's vocation as the highest human qualities, about the inseparability of good and evil, life and death... Such manuscripts really don't burn!.. slide 33
Sources 1. Zolotareva I.V., Egorova N.V. Universal lesson developments in literature: grade 11, - Moscow "VAKO", 2009 2. Magazine "Literature at school" No. 1, 1994, p. 72 3. Photo illustrations of the Retrograde: http://litvinovs.net/pantry/mm_artwork/ retrograd/ 4. Illustrations by Nikolay Korolev: http://litvinovs.net/pantry/mm_artwork/korolev/ 5. Photo illustrations by Jean Lurie: http://litvinovs.net/pantry/mm_artwork/lorieux/ 6. Portrait of Bulgakov: http:/ /images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?source=wiz&text=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%B1%D1% 83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&noreask=1&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lossofsoul.com%2Fpictures%2Fcinema1%2FBilgakov. jpg&pos=6&rpt=simage&lr=213&nojs=1 7. Book cover (slide 4): http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?source=wiz&text=%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE %D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1 %82%D0%B5%D1%80%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82 %D0%B0&noreask=1&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masterandmargarita.eu%2Fimages%2F01bulga kov%2Fcovers%2Fhermitage.jpg&pos=25&rpt=simage&lr=213&nojs=1
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8. Book cover (slide 8): http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?source=wiz&text=%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BA% D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1% 80%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0&noreask=1&img_url=http% 3A%2F%2Fshop.avanta.ru%2Fupimg%2Fbig%2F5%2F2%2F0%2F230520.jpg&pos=1&rpt=simage&lr=213&nojs=1 9. Image of Yeshua (slide 11): http://images.yandex.ru/ yandsearch?source=wiz&text=%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F %20%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B0&noreask=1&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fimg-fotki.yandex.ru%2Fget%2F5702%2Fgeweca.7%2F0_4ed4e_b48a7d62_XL&pos=25&rpt =simage&lr=213&nojs=1
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Slides captions:
- 1928
- Intention
- 1929
- Start
- work
- 1928 – 1938
- 8 editions
- Initially
- devil novel,
- without master and
- margaritas
- 1930
- burned
- manuscript
- 1931 – 1932
- Continuation
- work,
- appearance of images
- Masters
- and Margarita
- 1936
- Final
- chapter
- 1936
- Name
- novel
- 1940
- Editing,
- rewriting
- First published in the Moscow magazine in 1966-1967.
- Real
- Moscow
- 20 - 30 years
- twentieth century
- biblical
- (mythological)
- Yershalaim
- 1 AD
- fantastic
- moving
- in time and
- space
- (Woland and his retinue)
- Multifaceted (modernity, mythology, fantasy)
- The principle of mirror reflection - "a novel within a novel"
- The system of internal correspondences ( events biblical - modern, geographical places, weather conditions, system of historical prototypes, time frame of events)
- Story double system
- Landscape (images - symbols)
- Three time layers - past - present - eternal;
- Three levels of reality - earthly (people), artistic (biblical characters) and mystical (Woland with his companions);
- The role of the link is performed by Woland and his retinue.
- The theory of such "three worlds" was borrowed by Bulgakov from Grigory Skovoroda (Ukrainian philosopher of the 18th century). According to this theory, the most important world is the cosmic one, the Universe. The other two worlds are private. One of them is human; the other is symbolic, i.e. biblical. Each of the three worlds has two "nature": visible and invisible. All three worlds are woven from evil and good, and the biblical world acts as if in the role of a link between visible and invisible natures. All "three worlds" of Bulgakov's novel strictly correspond to this classification.
- Yeshua Ha-Nozri
- Wandering philosopher Yeshua, nicknamed Ha-Notsri, who does not remember his parents, has no means of subsistence, no family, no relatives, no friends, he is a preacher of kindness, love and mercy. His goal is to make the world cleaner and kinder.
- Bulgakov emphasizes in every possible way that Yeshua is a man, not God.
- The writer made his hero thin and inconspicuous with traces of physical violence on his face: a man who appeared before Pontius Pilate "was dressed in an old and torn blue chiton. His head was covered with a white bandage with a strap around his forehead, and his hands were tied behind his back. There was a large bruise under the man's left eye, and an abrasion with dried blood in the corner of his mouth. The one brought in looked with anxious curiosity to the procurator."
- After the beatings, and even more so during the execution, the appearance of Jesus could not in any way contain signs of the greatness inherent in the prophet. On the cross in the guise of Yeshua, rather ugly features appear: "... The face of the hanged man was revealed, swollen from bites, with swollen eyes, an unrecognizable face," and "his eyes, usually clear, were now unclear."
- External ugliness I. G.-N. contrasts with the beauty of his soul and the purity of his idea of the triumph of truth and good people.
- Appearance Yeshua
- The embodiment of the good in the novel is Yeshua Ha-Nozri. He believes in the original goodness of the world, not allowing even the thought of evil. Yeshua's life philosophy is this: "There are no evil people in the world, there are unhappy people." “A good man,” he addresses the procurator, and for this he is beaten by Ratslayer. But the point is not that he addresses people like that, but that he really behaves with every ordinary person as if he were the embodiment of goodness.
- Levy Matvey
- According to Ha-Nozri: "... He walks and walks with goat parchment and writes incorrectly. But I once looked into this parchment and was horrified. I did not say anything of what is written there. I begged him: burn your parchment for God's sake! But he snatched it out of my hands and ran away." The manuscript of Levi Matthew, like the manuscript of the Master, does not burn, but it carries not true, but perverted knowledge. This distortion of Yeshua's ideas leads to bloodshed, about which the student of Ga-Nozri warns Pontius Pilate, saying, that "there will still be blood."
- Levi Matthew - a former tax collector, the only disciple of Yeshua Ha-Nozri - goes back to the Evangelist Matthew.
- The disciple Yeshua, powerless to end the suffering of the Teacher on the cross, convinced of the futility of his prayers, curses God and, as it were, submits himself under the patronage of the devil.
- It is mentioned that the procurator was the son of the king-astrologer and the miller Pila. One day, while on a campaign, At learned from the stars that the child he had conceived would become powerful and famous. The first woman they came across was brought to the king - the miller Pila. The boy who was born received the name from the addition of their names.
- Pontius Pilate - Roman procurator of Judea in the late 20s - early 30s. n. at which Jesus Christ was executed. Procurator - an imperial official who had the highest administrative and judicial power in a small province. Pontius Pilate enjoyed the patronage of the all-powerful emperor Tiberius Lucius Aelius Sejanus.
- If there is no God, then who governs human life and the whole order on earth?
- Human destiny and the historical process itself determines
- continuous stream of truth, high ideals
- justice, mercy.
- 4. "Moscow" chapters. MASSOLIT
- Mikhail Aleksandrovich Berlioz, chairman of MASSOLIT, located in the Griboyedov House, can be deciphered as the Workshop (or Masters) of socialist literature.
- Convinces Ivan Bezdomny that “The main thing is not what Jesus was like, whether it’s bad or good, but that this Jesus, as a person, did not exist at all in the world and that all the stories about him are mere inventions, the most common myth.”
- Berlioz received material benefits in exchange for his convictions and the renunciation of creative freedom. This is followed by punishment: he dies under the wheels of a tram immediately after talking with the devil (the prediction of Berlioz's death was made in full accordance with the canons of astrology).
- Berlioz's head is resurrected at Satan's ball only to listen to the end of Woland's proof: “To each will be given according to his faith. May it come true! You are going into non-existence, and I will be happy to drink from the cup into which you turn into being.
- Ivan Bezdomny (aka Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrev) is a poet who becomes a professor at the Institute of History and Philosophy in the epilogue.
- According to Woland's prediction, Ivan finds himself in a lunatic asylum.
- Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrev is convinced that there is neither God nor the devil, and he became a victim of a hypnotist. The professor’s faith comes to life only once a year, on the night of the spring full moon, when he sees Yeshua’s execution in a dream, sees Yeshua and Pilate talking peacefully on a wide, moonlit road, sees and recognizes the Master and Margarita.
- In the image of Homeless, Bulgakov's skepticism was manifested regarding the possibility of a rebirth for the better of those who were brought into culture and public life by the October Revolution of 1917, the idea that they could become the creators of a new national culture turned out to be a utopia. Ivan, who has "seen the light" and turned from Homeless into Ponyrev, feels such a connection only in a dream.
- Bulgakov never gave the full name of the association he invented, which makes it possible to ambiguously decipher this word: Moscow Association of Writers; MASS SOCIALIST LITERATURE; MASS LITERATURE; MASTER OF SOVIET LITERATURE; Masters of Socialist Literature, etc., the prototype is the RAPP, a literary group that has become a symbol of punitive functions in relation to free-thinking artists.
- The house where MASSOLIT is located is called "Griboyedov's House". This is a parody of the House of Labor. The folk canteen here has turned into a luxurious restaurant. There is no library - the members of MASSOLIT do not need it, because Berlioz's colleagues are not readers, but writers. Instead of labor institutions, there are departments connected only with recreation and entertainment: "Fish and summer cottage section", "Cashier", "Housing problem", "Billiard room" and others. The main attraction is the restaurant.
- "Griboyedov" in the novel is a symbol of not writing, but chewing brethren, a symbol of the transformation of literature into a source of satisfying immoderate appetites.
- MASSOLIT
- He didn't deserve the light
- he deserves rest...
- Bulgakov's Margarita, with her eternal love, also helps the Master to get what he deserves. But the hero's reward here is not light, but peace, and in the realm of peace, in Woland's last shelter, more precisely, on the border of two worlds - light and darkness, Margarita becomes the guide and keeper of her beloved: "You will fall asleep, putting on your greasy and eternal cap, you will fall asleep with a smile on your lips. Sleep will strengthen you, you will begin to reason wisely. And you will not be able to drive me away. I will take care of your sleep".
- Faust and Marguerite (Goethe) are reunited in heaven, in the light. The eternal love of Goethe's Gretchen helps her lover find a reward - the traditional light that blinds him, and therefore she must become his guide in the world of light.
- The novel "The Master and Margarita" is a novel about the responsibility of a person for all the good and evil that happens on earth, for his own choice of life paths leading either to truth and light, or to slavery, betrayal and inhumanity.
- When making your own choice, remember:
- "To each will be given according to his faith."
slide 2
The Master and Margarita is a novel by Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. The type of the novel is difficult to unambiguously determine, since the work is multilayered and contains many elements of such genres as satire, farce, fantasy, mysticism, melodrama, parable, novel-myth. Many theatrical productions and several films have been made on its plot.
slide 3
The novel "The Master and Margarita" was not published during the life of the author. For the first time it was published only in 1966, 26 years after Bulgakov's death, with cuts, in an abbreviated magazine version. The novel gained notable popularity among the Soviet intelligentsia and until its official publication was distributed in hand-reprinted copies. The writer's wife Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova managed to keep the manuscript of the novel during all these years.
slide 4
It has been argued that Bulgakov's idea for the novel came about after visiting the editorial office of the Bezbozhnik newspaper. Bulgakov dated the start of work on The Master and Margarita in various manuscripts either 1928 or 1929. In the first edition, the novel had variants of the names "Black Magician", "Engineer's Hoof", "Juggler with a Hoof", "V.'s Son", "Tour". Work on The Master and Margarita resumed in 1931. Rough sketches were made for the novel, and Margarita and her then nameless companion, the future master, already appeared here, and Woland acquired his violent retinue.
slide 5
The second edition, which was created before 1936, had the subtitle "Fantastic novel" and variants of the titles "The Great Chancellor", "Satan", "Here I am", "The Black Magician", "The Hoof of the Engineer" Third edition, begun in the second half of 1936 , was originally called "Prince of Darkness", but already in 1937 the title "Master and Margarita" appeared. On June 25, 1938, the full text was reprinted for the first time (printed by O. S. Bokshanskaya, sister of E. S. Bulgakova).
slide 6
In the work - two storylines, each of which develops independently. The action of the first takes place in Moscow during several May days (days of the spring full moon) in the 30s. our century. The action of the second takes place also in May, but in the city of Yershalaim (Jerusalem) almost two thousand years ago - at the very beginning of a new era. The novel is structured in such a way that the chapters of the main storyline are interspersed with chapters that make up the second storyline, and these inserted chapters are either chapters from the master's novel, or an eyewitness account of Woland's events.
Slide 7
Master
The master is a professional historian who won a large sum in the lottery and got the opportunity to try his hand at literary work. The person who has achieved the highest success in any activity may be therefore rejected by the crowd, which is not able to appreciate his talent and abilities. The master writes a novel about Yeshua (Jesus) and Pilate. The master writes the novel, interpreting the gospel events in his own way, without miracles and the power of grace - like Tolstoy. The master communicated with Woland - Satan, a witness, according to him, of the events that took place, the described events of the novel.
Slide 8
margarita
The beautiful, wealthy but bored wife of a famous engineer, suffering from the emptiness of her life. Having met the Master by chance on the streets of Moscow, she fell in love with him at first sight, passionately believed in the success of his novel, prophesied glory. When the Master decided to burn his novel, she only managed to save a few pages. Further, she concludes a deal with messire and becomes the queen of the satanic ball arranged by Woland in order to regain the missing Master. Margarita is a symbol of love and self-sacrifice in the name of another person.
Slide 9
Woland
Satan, who visited Moscow under the guise of a foreign professor of black magic, a "historian". At the first appearance, he narrates the first chapter from the Roman (about Yeshua and Pilate). Eye defects are the main feature of appearance. Appearance: “he was not small and not huge, but just tall. As for his teeth, he had platinum crowns on the left side, and gold crowns on the right. He wore an expensive gray suit, expensive foreign shoes to match the color of the suit, he always had a cane with him, with a black knob in the shape of a poodle's head; the right eye is black, the left one is green for some reason; a crooked mouth. Shaved clean." He smoked a pipe and always carried a cigarette case with him.
Slide 10
Retinue
Bassoon. One of the characters of Satan's retinue, all the time walking in ridiculous checkered clothes and pince-nez with one cracked and one missing glass. In his true form, he turns out to be a knight, forced to pay with constant stay in the retinue of Satan for one once said unsuccessful pun about light and darkness.
slide 11
Azazello. “This neighbor turned out to be short, fiery red, with a fangs, in starched linen, in a good-looking striped suit, in patent leather shoes and with a bowler hat on his head. “Absolutely a robber’s face!” thought Margarita. But the main function of Azazello in the novel is associated with violence. In the epilogue of the novel, this fallen angel appears before us in a new guise: “Flying on the side of everyone, shining with the steel of armor, Azazello. The moon changed his face too. The ridiculous, ugly fang disappeared without a trace, and the squint turned out to be false. Both Azazello's eyes were the same, empty and black, and his face was white and cold. Now Azazello flew in his real form, like a demon of a waterless desert, a demon-killer.
slide 12
Behemoth cat. The character of the retinue of Satan, a playful and restless spirit, appearing either in the form of a giant cat walking on its hind legs, or in the form of a full citizen, with a face that looks like a cat. The prototype of this character is the eponymous demon Behemoth, a demon of gluttony and debauchery, who could take the form of many large animals. In its true form, the Behemoth turns out to be a thin young man, a page demon.
slide 13
Slide 14
The fifth procurator of Judea in Jerusalem, a cruel and domineering man, nevertheless managed to feel sympathy for Yeshua Ha-Nozri during his interrogation. He tried to stop the well-functioning mechanism of execution for insulting Caesar, but failed to do this, which he later regretted all his life. He suffered from a severe migraine, from which he was relieved during interrogation by Yeshua Ha-Nozri. Pontius Pilate
slide 15
Yeshua Ha-Nozri
A wandering philosopher from Nazareth, described by Woland at the Patriarch's Ponds, as well as by the Master in his novel, compared with the image of Jesus Christ. The name Yeshua Ha-Nozri means in Hebrew). However, this image differs significantly from the biblical prototype. Characteristically, he tells Pontius Pilate that Levi-Matthew (Matthew) wrote down his words incorrectly and that "this confusion will continue for a very long time." A humanist who denies resisting evil with violence.
slide 16
The only follower of Yeshua Ha-Nozri in the novel. Accompanied his teacher until his death, and subsequently took him down from the cross to be buried. He also had the intention of slaughtering Yeshua, who was led to the execution, in order to save him from the torment on the cross, but in the end he failed. At the end of the novel, Woland comes to Woland, sent by his teacher Yeshua, with a request to grant peace to the Master and Margarita. Levy Matvey
Slide 17
Pilate and others (TV movie, Germany, 1971, 90 min.) Master and Margarita (Russia, 1994) Master and Margarita (TV series, Russia, 2005, 10 episodes ~500 min.) - dir. Vladimir Bortko. Scott Steindorf's film company, StoneVillageProduction, bought the film rights to the novel from Sergei Shilovsky, E. S. Bulgakova's grandson, under the title Master & Margarita. The roles of the Master and Margarita can be played by Johnny Depp and Angelina Jolie. Screen adaptations
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