According to sociologists, three artists are most famous in the world: Leonardo da Vinci, Vincent Van Gogh and Pablo Picasso. Leonardo "replies" for the art of old masters, Van Gogh - for impressionists and post-acceptances of the XIX century, and Picasso for abstractionists and modernists of the 20th century. At the same time, if Leonardo appears in the eyes of the public not as much as a painter as a universal genius, and Picasso - a fashionable "secular lion" and a public figure - a fighter for the world, then Van Gogh personifies the artist. He is considered a crazy genius and lonely and a martyr who did not think about glory and money. However, this image, to which everyone is accustomed, no more than a myth, which was used to "promote" Van Gogh and benefit from selling his paintings.
At the heart of the legend about the artist lies a genuine fact - he was engaged in painting, being already a mature man, and in just ten years "ran the path from the novice artist to the master who turned the idea of \u200b\u200bthe visual art. All this, during life, Van Gogh was perceived as a "miracle," having real explanations. The biography of the artist did not abound with adventures, as, for example, the fate of the Gajen field, which managed to both a broker on the stock exchange, and a sailor, and died of a leprosy exotic for the European man in the street, one of the Marquis Islands. Van Gogh was a "boring harvest", and, in addition to strange mental seizures, who appeared in him shortly before death, and this death itself, as a result of suicide attempts, it was not for the milestone. But these few "trumps" were played by real masters of their case.
The chief creator of the legend about the master was the German gallery player and art historian Julius Meyer Gref. He quickly understood the scale of the genius of the Great Dutch, and the main thing is the market potential of his paintings. In 1893, a twenty-essential gallery officer acquired a picture of the "couple in love" and thought about the "advertising" of a promising product. Possessing a slaughterhouse, Meyer-Gref decided to write an attractive for collectors and lovers of art by the artist's biography. He did not find him alive and therefore was "free" from personal impressions who agreed to the Masters contemporaries. In addition, Van Gogh was born and grew up in Holland, and as a painter finally developed in France. In Germany, where Meyer Gref began to introduce a legend, no one knew anything about the artist, and the art historian was starting with a "clean sheet". He did not immediately "groped" the image of the insane genius-loner, which is now knowing everything. At first, Meyer Van Gogh was a "healthy person from the people," and his work - "harmony between art and life" and a latter-style bristle, which Maeier Gref considered modern. But Modern exhale in a matter of years, and Van Gogh under the pen of the enterprising German "retrained" in Buntar-Avant-gardeist, who headed the struggle against the Suede Academy of Realisti. Van Gogh anarchist was popular in circles of art bohemia, but scared the average man. And only the "third edition" of the legend satisfied everyone. In the "Scientific Monograph" of 1921, called "Vincent", with an unusual for the literature of this kind, "Roman about Goddate" Meyer Gref presented to the public of the saint madman, God driven by God. The nail of this "biography" was the story of cut off ear and creative madness, which raised a small, lonely man, like Akakia Akakievich Bashmushkina, to the heights of the genius.
 Vincent Van Gogh. 1873 year |
Real Vincent Van Gogh had little common with "Vincent" Meyer-Gref. Start with the fact that he graduated from a prestigious private gymnasium, spoke freely and wrote in three languages, read a lot, which he deserved in the artistic Paris circles his nickname. Behind Van Gogh was a big family that never left him without support, although it was not delighted with his experiments. His grandfather was the most famous twipers of old manuscripts worked for several European courtyards, three of his uncle successfully traded art, and one was the admiral and port of the port in Antwerp, he lived in his house when he studied in this city. Real Van Gogh was a rather sober and pragmatic man.
For example, one of the central "foreigners" episodes of legends with "walking in the people" was the fact that in 1879 Van Gogh was a preacher in the Belgian mining district of Boringe. What only meer-Greber and his followers were not crowded! Here and the "gap with the medium" and "the desire to suffer along with the poor and beggar." Explained, everything is simple. Vincent decided to go in the footsteps of the Father and become a priest. In order to get San, it was necessary to study in the seminary for five years. Or - to go through an accelerated course for three years in the Gospel School on a simplified program, yes for free. I preceded all this mandatory half-year "experience" of missionary in the outback. Here is Van Gogh and went to the miners. Of course, he was a humanist, tried to help these people, but not thought to get closer to them, always remaining the middle class representative. Departing a period of time in Borinage, Van Gogh decided to enter the Gospel school, and then it turned out that the rules changed and the Dutch men like him, unlike Flemadse, should pay for training. After that, the offended "missionary" left religion and decided to become an artist.
And this choice is also not accidental. Van Gogh was a professional artist artist - Artylieler in the largest company "Gupil". The partner in her was his uncle Vincent, in honor of which the young Dutchman called. He patronized him. "Gupil" played the role in Europe in trade in the trade of old masters and a solid modern academic painting, but was not afraid to sell and "moderate innovators" like barbizons. For 7 years, Van Gogh made a career in difficult, based on family traditions of antique business. From the Amsterdam branch, he moved first to the Hague, then to London and, finally, at the headquarters of the company in Paris. Over the years, the nephew of the co-owner of the "Gupil" passed a serious school, studied the main European museums and many closed private collections, became a real expert in painting not only Rembrandt and Small Dutch, but also the French from Engra to Delacra. "While surrounded by paintings," he wrote, "I walked to them a frantic, reaching love of love." His idol was a French artist Jean Francois Mill, famous at that time with his "peasant" canvases, which "Gupil" sold at pricing in tens of thousands of francs.
 Brother Artist Theodore Van Gogh |
This is such a prosperous "body of the lower classes", like Mille, was going to be Van Gogh, using his knowledge of the lives of miners and peasants, hoped in Borinage. Contrary to the legend, Artdieller Van Gogh was not a brilliant amateur like such "Sunday artists", as a customs officer of Rousseau or Conductor Pirosmani. Having a fundamental acquaintance with the history and theory of art, as well as with the practice of trade, the stubborn Dutchman took up a systematic study of painting crafts. He began with drawing on the newest special textbooks, which he from all over Europe sent uncle-artdilers. Wang Gogh's hand put his relative, an artist from Hague Anton Mauwe, who later grateful student devoted one of his paintings. Van Gogh even entered first to Brussels, and then to the Antwerp Academy of Arts, where he studied for three months, until he went to Paris.
There is a new artist persuaded in 1886 to leave his younger brother Theodore. This former Successful Artdieller played a key role in the fate of the master. Theo advised Vincent to quit the "peasant" painting, explaining that this is already a "plowed field." And, in addition, the "black paintings" like "potato consumers" at all times was sold worse than bright and joyful art. Another thing is literally created for the success of "bright painting" of impressionists: a solid sun and a holiday. The public sooner or later it will definitely appreciate.
Teo Providez
So Van Gogh found himself in the capital of "New Art" - Paris and on the Council the Teo went to study in the private studio of Fernan Kormon, who was then the "forge of personnel" of the new generation of experimenter artists. There, the Dutchman came aside with such future postpressionism, like Henri Toulouse-Lotrek, Emil Bernard and Lucien Pisserro. Van Gogh studied an anatomy, painted with plaster and literally absorbed all new ideas that Paris burst.
Theo introduces him with leading artistic critics and its customers-artists, among whom were not only achieving the lasting position of Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro, Auguste Renoir and Edgar Degi, but also the "rising stars" Signac and Gaen. By the time of arrival in Paris Vincent, his brother was the head of the "Experimental" branch of "Roapiles" on Montmartre. A man with an exacerbid sense of a new and excellent businessman, Teo one of the first things saw the onset of a new era in art. He persuaded the conservative leadership of the "Gupil" to allow him to take a chance to engage in a "light painting" trade. The TEO Gallery conducted personal exhibitions of Camille Pissarro, Claude Monet and other impressionists, to whom Paris began to become accustomed to. The floor is higher, in his own apartment, he arranged "replaceable expositions" of the paintings of young people who "Gupil" was afraid to show officially. It was a prototype of elite "apartment exhibitions", included in the XX century, and their nail was the work of Vincent.
Back in 1884, the Van Gogi brothers concluded an agreement among themselves. Theo in exchange for Vincent paintings pays him 220 francs per month and provides its brushes, canvas and paints of better quality. By the way, thanks to this, the pictures of Van Gogh, unlike the works of Gogen and Toulouse-Lotrek, because of the lack of writing on what they fell, so well preserved. 220 francs were a quarter of the monthly earnings of a doctor or a lawyer. Maul Joseph Rolen in Arle, whom the legend made someone like the patron of "begging" Van Gogh, received half a smaller and unlike a lonely artist fed a family with three children. Money Van Gogh has enough even for the creation of a collection of Japanese engravings. In addition, Theo supplied Brother "Overall": blouses and famous hats, necessary books and reproductions. He paid the treatment of Vincent.
All this was not simple charity. The brothers amounted to an ambitious plan - to create a market of painting by postimipresions, generation of artists who went to the change of Monet and his friends. Moreover, with Vincent Van Gogh as one of the leaders of this generation. To combine, it would seem uncomointed - the risky avant-garde art of the world of Bohemia and commercial success in the spirit of the respectable "buzzing". Here they almost in the century ahead of their time: only Andy Warhol and other American popartists managed to immediately get rich on avant-garde art.
"Unrecognized"
In general, the position of Vincent Van Gogh was unique. He worked as an artist at the Agreement at Artdilera, who was one of the key figures of the Light Painting Market. And this artyler was his brother. For such a position, he considers every franc uncless tramp Gogen, for example, could only dream. Everything else Vincent was not a simple puppet in the hands of a businessman Teo. He was not a stray woman who did not want to sell their paintings to the profans, which he dreamed of "related souls", as Maeier Gref wrote. Van Gogh, like any normal person, wished recognition not at the distant descendants, but in life. Recognition, an important sign of which was money for him. And being himself in the past by the trader art, he knew how to achieve it.
One of the main topics of his letters to Theo is not a disadvantage, but reasoning about what needs to be done to profitably sell pictures, and what kind of painting will find the path to the heart of the buyer. To advance on the market, he brought an impeccable formula: "Nothing will help us sell our paintings better than their recognition of a good decoration for middle class houses." To clearly show how they will "look" the paintings of the postmingnessists in the bourgeois interior, Van Gogh himself in 1887 arranged two exhibitions in the cafe "Tambourin" and the restaurant "La Forsche" in Paris and even sold several works from them. Later, the legend beat this fact as an act of despair of the artist, whom no one wanted to let the normal exhibitions.
Meanwhile, he is a permanent participant in exhibitions in the Salon of the Independent and Free Theater - the most fashionable places of Paris intellectuals of that time. His paintings exhibit Artdilers Arsen Portier, George Thomas, Pierre Martin and Tangi. Great Cezanne got the opportunity to show his creativity at the personal exhibition only at the age of 56, after almost four decades of labor. Whereas Vincent, an artist with a six-year experience, could be seen at any time at the "apartment exhibition" the Teo, where the entire artistic elite of the capital of the world of art has moved - Paris.
Real Van Gogh is least similar to the hermit from the legend. He is its own in the midst of the old artists of the era, the most convincing testimony of which is a few portraits of the Dutch, written by Toulouse-Lotrek, Roussev, Bernore. Lucien Pisserroo portrayed him with a sorry with the most influential artistic criticism of those years with Phenelon. Camille Pisserrro Van Gogh was remembered by the fact that he did not hesitate to stop the man who needs him on the street and right at the wall of some kind of home to show his paintings. It is simply impossible to submit in such a situation of the real hermit of Cezanna.
The legend firmly approved the idea of \u200b\u200bthe unrecognizable Van Gogh, that in only one picture of the Red Vineyards in Arle, which is now hanging in the Moscow Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin. In fact, the sale of this canvas from the exhibition in Brussels in 1890 for 400 francs was a breakthrough Van Gogh into the world of serious prices. It was sold to no worse than his contemporaries sulfur or Gauguen. According to the documents it is known that the artist bought fourteen works. The first thing that came to a friend of the family Dutch Artdieller Trestig in February 1882, and Vincent wrote Theo: "The first sheep went through the bridge." In the reality of sales, there was more, about the rest simply not survived the exact evidence.
As for non-recognition, since 1888, famous critics Gustave Kan and Felix Phenelon in the reviews of the exhibitions "independent", as they called the then avant-gardeists, distinguish fresh and bright work Van Gogh. Critic Octave Moble advised Roden to buy his paintings. They were in the collection of such a demanding connoisseur as Edgar Degas. Later, Vincent read in the Mercury de France in the newspaper, that he is a great artist, the heir to Rembrandt and Hals. It wrote this in his article, entirely dedicated to the work of the "Amazing Dutchman", the ascending star of the "New Critic" Henri Oria. He intended to create a biography of Van Gogh, but, unfortunately, died from Tuberculosis shortly after the death of the artist himself.
About mind free "from the shackles"But the "biography" published Meyer Gref, and in it he especially painted "Intuitive, free from the Okov mind" the process of creativity Van Gogh.
"Vincent wrote pictures in a blind, unconscious of ecstasy. His temperament splashed on canvas. The trees shouted, the clouds hunted each other. The sun gaped a dazzling hole leading to chaos. "
It is easiest to refute this idea of \u200b\u200bVan Gogo with the words of the artist himself: "The Great is created not only by impulsive effect, but also the complicity of many things that were given to one whole ... with art, as well as everything else: the Great is not It is random, but must be created by a stubborn volvas. "
The overwhelming majority of letters Van Gogog are devoted to the issues of "cuisine" of painting: setting tasks, materials, technique. The case is almost unprecedented in the history of art. The Dutchman was a real workaholic and claimed: "In art, it is necessary to work as a few blacks, and let go of the skin." At the end of his life, he really wrote very quickly, the picture could have done from the beginning to end in two hours. But at the same time all the time repeated the favorite expression of the American artist Whistler: "I did it at two o'clock, but worked for years to make something worthwhile in these two hours."
Van Gogh wrote not by whim - for a long time and hardly worked on the same motive. In the city of Arle, where he arranged his workshop, having left Paris, he began a series of 30 works connected by the common creative task of "contrast". Contrast color, thematic, composite. For example, Pandan "Cafe in Arles" and "Room in Arle". In the first picture - darkness and tension, in the second - light and harmony. In the same row, several options for its famous "sunflowers". The whole series wondered as an example of the decoration of the middle class dwelling. Before us from the beginning to the end, thoughtful creative and market strategies. Looking at his paintings at the exhibition "Independent", Gogen wrote: "You are the only thinking artist from all."
The cornerstone of the legend of van Gogo is his madness. Allegedly only it allowed him to look at such depths that are not disturbed by simple mortal. But the artist was not with his adolescence with outbreaks of genius. Periods of depression, accompanied by seizures similar to epilepsy, from which he was treated in a psychiatric clinic, began with him only in the last one and a half years of life. Doctors saw in this effect of absinthe - alcoholic beverage, infused on wormwood, whose destructive effect on the nervous system became known only in the XX century. At the same time, it was precisely during the exacerbation of the disease, the artist could not write. So the pshoe disorder did not "helped" the genius of Van Gogh, but prevented.
The famous history with the ear is very doubtful. It turned out that Van Gogh could not cut him down "under the root", he would simply have expired blood, because he was assisted only 10 hours after the incident. He was cut off only by a glass, as mentioned in his medical conclusion. And who did it? There is a version that it happened during a quarrel with a gauguem, which took place on that day. The sophisticated in the sailor fights of Gogen closed Van Gogh in ear, and the nervous seizure happened to the whole experienced. Later, to justify his behavior, Gaen composed the story that Van Gogh in a fit of madness chasing him with a razor in his hands, and then cropped himself.
Even the picture "Room in Arles", the curved space of which was considered the fixation of the insane state of Van Gogh, was surprisingly realistic. House plans were found, in which the artist lived in Arle. The walls and ceiling of his dwelling were indeed bevented. Never Van Gogh did not write pictures with the moon with candles reinforced on the hat. But the creators of the legend always treated the facts. An ominous picture of the "wheat field", with a leaving distance of the dear, covered flocks of the crows, they, for example, declared the last web wizard predicting his death. But it is well known that after it he wrote another number of works, where the ill-fated field is shown compressed.
"Know-how" of the main author of the myth about Van Goghog Julius Meyer-Gref is not just a lie, but the filing of fictional events in the afternoon with genuine facts, and even in the form of impeccable scientific work. For example, a genuine fact - Van Gogh loved to work in an open-air because it poorly tolerated the smell of turpentine, which paints are bred, "biographer" used as a basis for the fantastic version of the reason for the suicide of the master. Allegedly Van Gogh fell in love with the sun - the source of his inspiration and did not allow himself to cover his head with a hat, standing under his burning rays. He burned down all her hair, the sun sang an unprotected skull, he went crazy and committed suicide. In later autoports, Van Gogh and images of a dead artist made by his friends, it can be seen that he did not lose their hair on his head until death.
"Warming of Yurody"
Van Gogh fired in herself on July 27, 1890, after it seemed, his mental crisis was overcome. Shortly before that, he was discharged from the clinic with the conclusion: "recovered." The very fact that the owner of furnished rooms in Overa, where Van Gogh lived in the last months of his life, entrusted him a revolver, the desired artist to scare the Raven while working on Etudes, says that he behaved absolutely normal. Today, doctors converge on the fact that suicide occurred not during the seizure, but was the result of a crossing of external circumstances. Theo married, he had a child, and Vincent was oppressed by the thought that the brother would be engaged in only his family, and not their plan to conquer the artistic world.
After the fateful shot, Wang Gogh lived two more days, was surprisingly calm and resistant tolerance. He died on his hands at a loyal brother, who was never able to recover from this loss and died six months later. The company "Gupil" for the scents sold all the works of impressionists and post-imagressionists who had accumulated in the gallery on Montmartre Teo Van Gogh, and closed the experiment with "light painting". Pictures Vincent Van Goga Widow Teo Johanna Van Gogh Bonger took to Holland. Only at the beginning of the 20th century, Total Glory came to the Great Dutchman. According to experts, if not the almost simultaneous early death of both brothers, it would have happened in the mid-1890s and Van Gogh would be a very rich man. But fate ordered otherwise. To reap the fruits of the works of the great painter of Vincent and the Great Galerist Teo became people like Meyer Gref.
Who made Vincent?
The novel about the "Vincent" house designer of the enterprising German came as it is impossible in the situation of the wreck of ideals after the soldier of the First World War. The martyr from the art and madness, whose mystical creativity appeared under the pen of Meyer-Gref something like a new religion, such Van Gogh seized the imagination and satched intellectuals, and inexperienced inhabitants. The legend pushed out not only the biography of a real artist on the background, but also agreed on his paintings. They saw some messenger of paints, in which prophetic "insights" of whisk are guessed. Meyer Gref turned into the main connoisseur of the "mystical Dutchman" and began not only to trade with the paintings by Van Gogh, but also for a lot of money to issue certificates of the authenticity of works that appeared under the name Van Gogh in the artistic market.
In the mid-1920s, some Otto came to him, speaking with erotic dances in Berlin Cabaret under the pseudonym Olyline Lovel. He showed several paintings with the signature "Vincent" written in the spirit of the legend. Meyer Gref was delighted and immediately confirmed their authenticity. Total Vaker, who opened his own gallery in a trendy area on Potsdamerplas, threw more than 30 "Van Gologov" to the market, until rumors rather than they are fake. Because it was about a very large amount, the police intervened. At the court, the dancer-gallery player told Bike- "Provanance", which "fed" and his gullible customers. Pictures he allegedly acquired from the Russian aristocrat who bought them even at the beginning of the century, and during the revolution managed to take from Russia to Switzerland. The name Vaucker did not call, arguing that the embossed losses of the National Treasures of the Bolsheviks would destroy the family of an aristocrat left in Soviet Russia.
In the battle of experts, which turned in April 1932 in the litigation of the Berlinsky district of Moabit, Meyer-Gref and his supporters of Mountain were over the authenticity of the Vacra Goggogi. But the police arranged a search in the studio of Brother and the father of the dancer, who were artists, and found 16 fresh "Van Mogs". Technological examination showed that they are identical to those sold. In addition, chemists found out that when creating "paintings of the Russian aristocrat", paints were used, which appeared only after the death of Van Gogh. Having learned about this, one of the "experts", who supported Meyer Gref and Vacher, said the stunned judge: "And where do you know that Vincent after death did not fit into a congenial body and does not create so far?"
Vacker received three years in prison, and the reputation of Meyer Greber was destroyed. Soon he died, but the legend, in spite of everything, continues to live so far. It is based on its basis that American writer Irving Stone in 1934 wrote his bestseller "Thirst of Life", and Hollywood director Vincent Minnelli in 1956 put a film about Van Gogh. The role of the artist was played by actor Kurk Douglas. The film earned "Oscar" and finally approved in the heads of millions of people the image of a half-sized genius, which took over all the sins of the world. Then the American period in the canonization of Van Gogh was changed by Japanese.
In the country of the rising Sun of the Great Dutch, thanks to the legend, they began to consider something among the Buddhist monk and committed Harakiri Samurai. In 1987, Yasuda bought at the Auction in London "Sunflowers" Van Gogh for 40 million dollars. Three years later, the eccentric billionaire Rioto Saito, who associated himself with Vincent himself from the legend, paid $ 82 million at the Auction in New York for the "Portrait of Dr. Gasha" brush gogh. The whole decade was the most expensive picture in the world. According to the will, Saito should be burned together with him after his death, but the lenders of the Japanese ruined by the time did not give it.
While the world was shook the scandals around Van Gogh, art historians, restorers, archivists and even doctors step by step explored the authentic life and creativity of the artist. A huge role in this was played by the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, created in 1972 on the basis of the collection, which the son of the son of Teo Van Goghus presented the name of his great uncle. The museum engaged in checking all paintings by Van Gogh in the world, having filmed several dozen fakes, and did a huge work on the preparation of the scientific publication of the correspondence of the brothers.
But, despite the tremendous efforts of the museum staff, and such cinneums of Wanging Studies, like a Canadian Bogomila Wovers-Ovcharova or Dutchman Yang Halkersker, the legend about Van Gogh does not die. She lives his life by giving rise to the next films, books and performances about the "Holy Merosless Winsent", which does not have anything in common with the great worker and the discoverer of new ways in the art of Vincent Van Gogh. So there is a man: a romantic fairy tale for him is always attractive than "prose of life", whatever great it is.
(Vincent Willem Van Gogh) was born on March 30, 1853 in the village of Groot-Süntert in the province of Northern Brabant in the south of the Netherlands in the family of Protestant pastor.
In 1868, Van Gogh threw school, after which he went to work at the branch of a large Paris Art Goupil & Cie. Successfully worked in the gallery first in the Hague, then in the departments in London and Paris.
By 1876, Vincent finally cooled to trade in painting and decided to go in the footsteps of his father. In the UK, he found the work of the teacher at the boarding school in a small town in the suburbs of London, there also performed the responsibilities of the assistant pastor. On October 29, 1876, he spent his first sermon. In 1877 he moved to Amsterdam, where the study of theology at the university was engaged.
Van Gogh "Maki"
In 1879, Van Gogh received a secular preacher in Vame, the Mining Center in Boringe, in the south of Belgium. Then he continued his preaching mission in a nearby village of whom.
In the same period, Van Gogh had a desire to draw.
In 1880, he entered Brussels in the Royal Academy of Arts (Académie Royale Des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles). However, due to its unbalanced nature, he soon threw a course and continued art education on his own, using reproductions.
In 1881, in Holland under the leadership of his relative, an artist-landscape player Anton Mauwe, Van Gogh created his first picturesque works: "Still-life with cabbage and wooden shoes" and "still life with a beer glass and fruit."
In the Dutch period, starting from the painting "Potato cleaning" (1883), the main motive of the artist's cloths was the topic of ordinary people and their labor, the focus was on the expressivity of scenes and figures, dark, dark colors and shades prevailed in the palette, sharp drops of light and shadow . The masterpiece of this period is considered canvas "Potatoes" (April-May 1885).
In 1885, Van Gogh continued his studies in Belgium. In Antwerp, he entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (The Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp). In 1886, Vincent moved to Paris to his younger brother Theo, who by that time was taken by the post of lead manager Gouupil Gallery on Montmartre. Here Van Gogh for about four months took lessons from the French artist-realist Fernan Kormon, I met the impressionists by Camille Pisarro, Claude Monet, a field of Gogen, who took over their painting maneer.
© Public Domain. "Portrait of Dr. Gasha" brush van gogh
© Public Domain.
In Paris, Van Gogh had an interest in creating images of human faces. Without having funds to pay for models, he turned to a self-portrait by creating about 20 paintings in this genre in two years.
Paris period (1886-1888) became one of the most productive creative periods of the artist.
In February 1888, Van Gogh went to the south of France in Arles, where he dreamed of creating a creative community of artists.
In December, Vincent's mental health was strongly shaken. During one of the uncontrolled outbreaks of aggression, he threatened an open razor to Hojn to him at the plenary, and then sliced \u200b\u200ba piece of the ear of the ear, sent him as a gift to one of the familiar women. After this incident, Van Gogh was placed first in a psychiatric hospital in Arle, and then voluntarily lay down to treatment with the specialized clinic of St. Paul Mausoliansky near Saint-Remy de Provence. The chief doctor of the hospital Theophile Paron put his patient a diagnosis of "acute manic disorder". However, the artist was granted a certain freedom: he could write outdoors under the supervision of personnel.
In Saint-Remy, Vincent alternated periods of turbulent activity and long breaks caused by deep depression. In just a year of stay in the clinic Van Gogh drew about 150 paintings. One of the most outstanding canvases of this period were: "Starry Night", "Irises", "Road with cypresses and a star", "Olives, Blue Sky and White Cloud", "Pieta".
In September 1889, with the active assistance of Brother Theo, the paintings of Van Gogh took part in the Salon of the Independent, the exhibition of contemporary art, organized by the Society of Independent Artists in Paris.
In January 1890, Van Gogh's canvas were exhibited at the eighth exhibition of the G20 in Brussels, where they were enthusiastic critics.
In May 1890, in the mental state, Van Gogh had improved, he left the hospital and settled in the town of Over-sur-UAZ (Auvers-sur-Oise) in the suburbs of Paris under the supervision of the doctor of the Hashe.
Vincent actively engaged in painting, almost every day he ended the picturesque cloth. During this period, he wrote several outstanding portraits of Dr. Hashe and 13-year-old Adeline Rava, the daughter of the hotel owner in which he settled.
On July 27, 1890, Van Gogh at regular time left the house and went to draw. Upon return, after the persistent questions of the four Rava, he admitted that he shot himself from the pistol. All attempts by Dr. Gasha save the wounded turned out to be in vain, Vincent fell into someone and at night on July 29 died at the age of thirty seven years. He was buried on the cemetery of Overs.
American biographers of Artist Stephen Niphech and Gregory White Smith in his study "Life Van Gogh" (Van Gogh: The Life) of the death of Vincent, on which he died not from his own bullet, but from a random shot committed by two drunk young people.
During the ten-year creative activities, Van Gogh managed to write 864 paintings and almost 1,200 drawings and engravings. During his lifetime, only one picture of the artist - landscape "Red Vineyards in Arle" was sold. The cost of the painting was 400 francs.
Material prepared on the basis of open sources information
(Vincent Willem Van Gogh) was born on March 30, 1853 in the village of Groot-Süntert in the province of Northern Brabant in the south of the Netherlands in the family of Protestant pastor.
In 1868, Van Gogh threw school, after which he went to work at the branch of a large Paris Art Goupil & Cie. Successfully worked in the gallery first in the Hague, then in the departments in London and Paris.
By 1876, Vincent finally cooled to trade in painting and decided to go in the footsteps of his father. In the UK, he found the work of the teacher at the boarding school in a small town in the suburbs of London, there also performed the responsibilities of the assistant pastor. On October 29, 1876, he spent his first sermon. In 1877 he moved to Amsterdam, where the study of theology at the university was engaged.
Van Gogh "Maki"
In 1879, Van Gogh received a secular preacher in Vame, the Mining Center in Boringe, in the south of Belgium. Then he continued his preaching mission in a nearby village of whom.
In the same period, Van Gogh had a desire to draw.
In 1880, he entered Brussels in the Royal Academy of Arts (Académie Royale Des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles). However, due to its unbalanced nature, he soon threw a course and continued art education on his own, using reproductions.
In 1881, in Holland under the leadership of his relative, an artist-landscape player Anton Mauwe, Van Gogh created his first picturesque works: "Still-life with cabbage and wooden shoes" and "still life with a beer glass and fruit."
In the Dutch period, starting from the painting "Potato cleaning" (1883), the main motive of the artist's cloths was the topic of ordinary people and their labor, the focus was on the expressivity of scenes and figures, dark, dark colors and shades prevailed in the palette, sharp drops of light and shadow . The masterpiece of this period is considered canvas "Potatoes" (April-May 1885).
In 1885, Van Gogh continued his studies in Belgium. In Antwerp, he entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (The Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp). In 1886, Vincent moved to Paris to his younger brother Theo, who by that time was taken by the post of lead manager Gouupil Gallery on Montmartre. Here Van Gogh for about four months took lessons from the French artist-realist Fernan Kormon, I met the impressionists by Camille Pisarro, Claude Monet, a field of Gogen, who took over their painting maneer.
© Public Domain. "Portrait of Dr. Gasha" brush van gogh
© Public Domain.
In Paris, Van Gogh had an interest in creating images of human faces. Without having funds to pay for models, he turned to a self-portrait by creating about 20 paintings in this genre in two years.
Paris period (1886-1888) became one of the most productive creative periods of the artist.
In February 1888, Van Gogh went to the south of France in Arles, where he dreamed of creating a creative community of artists.
In December, Vincent's mental health was strongly shaken. During one of the uncontrolled outbreaks of aggression, he threatened an open razor to Hojn to him at the plenary, and then sliced \u200b\u200ba piece of the ear of the ear, sent him as a gift to one of the familiar women. After this incident, Van Gogh was placed first in a psychiatric hospital in Arle, and then voluntarily lay down to treatment with the specialized clinic of St. Paul Mausoliansky near Saint-Remy de Provence. The chief doctor of the hospital Theophile Paron put his patient a diagnosis of "acute manic disorder". However, the artist was granted a certain freedom: he could write outdoors under the supervision of personnel.
In Saint-Remy, Vincent alternated periods of turbulent activity and long breaks caused by deep depression. In just a year of stay in the clinic Van Gogh drew about 150 paintings. One of the most outstanding canvases of this period were: "Starry Night", "Irises", "Road with cypresses and a star", "Olives, Blue Sky and White Cloud", "Pieta".
In September 1889, with the active assistance of Brother Theo, the paintings of Van Gogh took part in the Salon of the Independent, the exhibition of contemporary art, organized by the Society of Independent Artists in Paris.
In January 1890, Van Gogh's canvas were exhibited at the eighth exhibition of the G20 in Brussels, where they were enthusiastic critics.
In May 1890, in the mental state, Van Gogh had improved, he left the hospital and settled in the town of Over-sur-UAZ (Auvers-sur-Oise) in the suburbs of Paris under the supervision of the doctor of the Hashe.
Vincent actively engaged in painting, almost every day he ended the picturesque cloth. During this period, he wrote several outstanding portraits of Dr. Hashe and 13-year-old Adeline Rava, the daughter of the hotel owner in which he settled.
On July 27, 1890, Van Gogh at regular time left the house and went to draw. Upon return, after the persistent questions of the four Rava, he admitted that he shot himself from the pistol. All attempts by Dr. Gasha save the wounded turned out to be in vain, Vincent fell into someone and at night on July 29 died at the age of thirty seven years. He was buried on the cemetery of Overs.
American biographers of Artist Stephen Niphech and Gregory White Smith in his study "Life Van Gogh" (Van Gogh: The Life) of the death of Vincent, on which he died not from his own bullet, but from a random shot committed by two drunk young people.
During the ten-year creative activities, Van Gogh managed to write 864 paintings and almost 1,200 drawings and engravings. During his lifetime, only one picture of the artist - landscape "Red Vineyards in Arle" was sold. The cost of the painting was 400 francs.
Material prepared on the basis of open sources information
Vincent Van Gogh. This surname is familiar to each schoolchild. As a child, we joked "Draw as Van Gogh"! Or "Well, you are Picasso!" ... After all, only one thing is immortal, whose name will remain forever in history not only painting and world art, but also humanity.
Against the background of the fate of European artists, Vincent Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) stands out by the fact that he found enough to find a craving for art. Under 30, Vincent did not suspect that it was the painting that would become the final meaning of his life. The vocation ripens in it does not rush to the explosion to break out out. The work of the work is almost on the verge of human capabilities, which will be the lot of his remaining life, throughout 1885-1887 Vincent will be able to work out its individual and unique style, which in the future will call "impasto". His artistic manner will contribute to rooting in the European art of one of the most sincere, sensitive, humane and emotional directions - expressionism. But, most importantly, she will be the source of his work, his paintings and graphics.
Vincent Van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853 in the family of Protestant pastor, in the Dutch province of Northern Brabant, in the village of Grota Zyunndert, where his father was in service. Family environment has identified a lot in Vincent fate. The genus of Van Gogov was an old, known since the XVII century. In the era of Vincent Van Gogh there were two traditional family classes: someone from representatives of this kind was necessarily engaged in church activity, and someone - the work of artwork. Vincent was a senior, but not the first child in the family. A year was born earlier, but soon his brother died. The second son was named in memory of the deceased Vincent Willem. After it, five more children appeared, but only with one of them the future artist will be connected with close fraternal bonds until the last day of his life. It will not be an exaggeration to say that without the support of the younger brother Teo, Vincent Van Gogh as an artist would hardly take place.
In 1869, Van Gogh moves to Hague and begins to engage in trading paintings in the company "Gupil" and the reproductions of works of art. Vincent works actively and conscientiously, in his spare time he reads a lot and visits museums, gradually draws. In 1873, Vincent begins a correspondence with the brother Theo, which will last until his death. Nowadays, the letter of the brothers is published in the book, which is called "Van Gogh. Letters to Brother Teo "and buy it in almost any good bookstore. These letters are exciting evidence of the inner spiritual life of Vincent, his search and mistakes, joys and disappointments, despair and hopes.
In 1875, Vincent is appointed to Paris. He regularly visits Louvre and the Luxembourg Museum, exhibitions of contemporary artists. By this time, he himself draws himself, but nothing further foreshadows that the activity of art will soon become a all-consuming passion. In Paris, there is a fracture in his spiritual development: Van Gogh is very interested in religion. Many researchers associate this condition with unfortunate and one-sided love that Vincent survived in London. Much later, in one of the letters to Theo, the artist, analyzing his illness, will noted that the mental unhealthy is their family feature.
From January 1879, Vincent receives the position of a preacher in Vama, the village located in Borinja - the area in South Belgium, the center of the coal industry. He is deeply striking the extreme poverty in which miners and their families live. A deep conflict begins, which opens the eyes of Van Gogh for one truth - the servants of the official church are not at all interested in a truly alleviate the fate of the people who were in inhuman conditions.
Understanding this shower position, Van Gogh is experiencing another deep disappointment, rows with the church and makes his final life choice - to serve people with their art.
Van Gogh and Paris
Last arrives Van Gogh to Paris were associated with work in "Pitel". However, no time before this, the art life of Paris did not have a noticeable influence on his work. This time the stay of Van Gogh in Paris lasts from March 1886 to February 1888. These are two extremely rich years in the life of the artist. During this short period, it masters impressionistic and non-impassionistic techniques, which contributes to the unreoldness of its own color palette. The artist who came from Holland turns into one of the most original representatives of the Parisian avant-garde, whose innovation takes off from the inside of all the conventions that make huge expressive color opportunities as such.
In Paris, Van Gogh communicates with the Camille Pissaro, Henry de Toulouse-Lotrek, Paul Gauguin, Emil Bernarr and George Seres and other young painters, as well as with the trader of paints and a collector of Dad Tangi.
last years of life
By the end of 1889, in this difficult time, exacerbated by seizures of madness, spiritual disorders and crawling to suicide, Van Gogh receives an invitation to take part in the exhibition of an independent salon, organized in Brussels. At the end of November, Vincent refers 6 paintings there. On May 17, 1890, the Theo has a plan to settle Vincent in the Over-sur-UAZ town under the supervision of Dr. Gasha, who was fond of painting and was a friend of impressionists. The state of Van Gogh is improving, he works a lot, writes portraits of his new acquaintances, landscapes.
On July 6, 1890, Van Gogh arrives in Paris to Theo. Albert Aerie and Toulouse-Lotrek visits the theo house to meet with him.
From the last letter to Theo Van Gogh says: "... Through me, you took part in creating some cloths, which even in a storm retain my peace. Well, I paid my life for my job, and she cost me half of my reason, it's so ... But I'm not regretting. "
This ended the life of one of the greatest artists not only in the XIX century, but also in the entire history of art as a whole.
1853-1890 .
In no case, the biography is in no case the full and consistent study of the life of Vincent Van Gogh. On the contrary, it is only a brief overview of some of the important events in the chronicle of Vincent Van Gogh. early years
Vincent Van Gogh was born in Grotto-Süntert, the Netherlands on March 30, 1853. A year before the birth of Vincent Van Gogh, his mother gave birth to the first, stillborn child - also by name Vincent. Thus, Vincent, being the second, became eldest of children. There were many assumptions that Vincent Van Gogh received psychological trauma as a result of this fact. This theory remains the theory, since there are no real historical facts in its support.
Van Gogh was the son of Theodore Van Gogh (1822-85), pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, and Anna Cornelia Carbentus (1819-1907). Unfortunately, there is not practically no information about the first ten years of life Vincent Van Gogh. From 1864 Vincent spent a couple of years at the boarding school in Zewenbergen, and then continued learning at the school of King Wilhelm II of Tilburg, about two years. In 1868, Van Gogh left his studies and at the age of 15 returned home.
In 1869, Vincent Wang Gogh began working at Goupil & Cie, the company Art dealers in the Hague. The Van Gogh family has long been associated with the world of art - Winsent's uncle, Cornelis and Vinsel, were merchants of artwork. His younger brother Theo worked all his conscious life as an art dealer and, as a result, had a huge impact on the next stages of Career Vincent as an artist.
Vincent was relatively successful as an art dealer and worked in Goupil & Cie for seven years. In 1873, he was translated into the London branch of the company and quickly fell under the charm of the cultural climate of England. At the end of August, Vincent removes the room in the house of Ursula Loyer and her daughter Evgenia at HEKAFord Road 87. It is assumed that Vincent was romantically tuned to Eugene, but many early biographers mistakenly call Eugene named after her mother, Ursula. You can add to the long-term confusion of the names that the latest data suggests that Vincent was not in love with Eugene, but was in love with his compatriot named Caroline Haanebeek. True and this information remains inconclusive.
Vincent Van Gogh spent two years in London. During this time, he visited many art galleries and museums and became a big fan of British writers, such as George Eliot and Charles Dickens. Van Gogh was also a big fan of the work of British engravers. These illustrations inspired and influenced Van Gogh in his future life, as an artist.
Relations between Vincent and Gouupil & Cie became more intense, and in May 1875, he was transferred to the Paris branch of the company. In Paris, Vincent is engaged in paintings that were little attractive for him from the point of view of personal tastes. Vincent leaves Goupil & Cie at the end of March 1876 and returns to England, remembering where two it passed, for the most part, very happy and fruitful years.
In April, Vincent Van Gogh began to teach in the school of Rev. William P. Stokes in Ramsgate. He was responsible for 24 boys aged 10 to 14. His letters show that Vincent liked to teach. After that, he began to teach in another school for boys, this is the arrival of the presented T. Jones Slade in Isleworth. In his free time, Van Gogh continued to attend gallery and admire many great works of art. He also dedicated himself to studying the Bible - after spending a lot of hours, reading and rereading the gospel. In the summer of 1876, the time of religious transformation comes for Vincent Van Gogh. Although he is a thrust in a religious family, he did not assume that he would seriously think about the dedication of his life of the Church.
As a means of moving from a teacher to a priest, Vincent asks Rev. Jones to give him more duties characteristic of the clergy. Jones agrees and Vincent began to perform at the prayer meetings in the parish Turnham Green. These speeches served as a means of preparation of Vincent for the purpose, to which he had long seized: his first Sunday sermon. Although Vincent himself was delighted with such a perspective as a preacher, his sermons were somewhat dull and lifeless. Like his father, Vincent had a passion for the sermon, but he was missing something.
After visiting his family in the Netherlands for Christmas Vincent Van Gogh remains in his homeland. After a short job in the bookstore in Dordrecht in the early 1877, Vincent leaves for Amsterdam from May 9, she was preparing for entrance exams at the university, where he had to study theology. Vincent teaches Greek, Latin, engaged in mathematics, but ultimately, she graduates after fifteen months. Vincent later described this period as, "the worst time in my life." In November, after a three-month probationary period, Vincent does not go to a missionary school in Lacken. Vincent Van Gogh eventually agreed with the church in order to start sermons with a trial period of one of the most severe and poor areas in Western Europe: a borinage coal mining area, Belgium.
In January 1879, Vincent started his duties of a preacher for miners and their families in the mountain village of Wasmes. Vincent felt strong emotional attachment towards miners. He saw and sympathized with their terrible working conditions, and as their spiritual leader, did everything possible to facilitate the burden of their lives. Unfortunately, this altruistic desire has reached so fanatical proportions that Vincent began to give most of his nutrition and clothing for poor people under his care. Despite the noble intentions of Vincent, the representatives of the Church strictly condemned Asceticism Van Gogh and removed him from his position in July. By refusing to leave this area, Van Gogh moved to the neighboring village, Cuesmes, where he existed in extreme poverty. Next year, Vincent fought to live every day and, although not able to help the village of people in any official quality of the clergy, he still decided to remain a member of their community. The next year was so hard that the survival issue for Vincent Van Gogh was standing every day. And although he could not help people as an official representative of the Church, he remains a village. The noteworthy case for Van Gogh, Vincent decided to visit the House of Jules Breton, the French artist, whom he admired. Vincent had only ten francs in his pocket and he walked all 70 km to Courrières, France to see Breton. However, Vincent was too timid to break through to the Breton. So without a positive result and absolutely discouraged Vincent returned back to Cuesmes.
It was then that Vincent began to draw miners, their family and life in harsh conditions. At this turning moment, fate, Vincent Van Gogh choses its next and last directions of the career: as an artist.
Vincent Van Gogh, like an artist
In the fall of 1880, after more than the year of life in a poverty in Borinage, Vincent goes to Brussels to start learning at the Academy of Arts. Vincent was inspired to start learning with financial support from his brother Theo. Vincent and Teo have always been close as in childhood and for most of their adult life, they supported a constant correspondence. Based on this correspondence, and letters more than 800, and the idea of \u200b\u200bthe life of Van Gogh is based.
1881 will be a rude year for Vincent Van Gogh. Vincent successfully studies at the Academy of Arts in Brussels. Although biographers have a different opinion on the details of this period. In any case, Vincent continues training at its discretion, adopting examples from books. In summer, Vincent reiterates parents who already live in Ettie. There he meets and experiences romantic fountains to his widowed cousin Cornelia Adrian Bas Stricker (KI). But unrequited love of Ki and the gap with parents lead to his early departure to Hague.
Despite the failures of Van Gogh, it works a lot and is improved under the leadership of Anton Mauwe (a well-known artist and a long-range relative). Their relationship was good, but they worsened because of tensions when Vincent began to live with a prostitute.
Vincent Van Gogh met with the Christian Maria Rozhnik on nicknamer Sin (1850-1904) at the end of February 1882 in the Hague. She at that time was already pregnant with her second child. Vincent lived with blue over the next one and a half years. Their relationship was violent, partly due to the complexity of the characters of both personalities, as well as due to the imprint of life in full poverty. From the letters of Vincent to Theo, it becomes clear how well Van Gogh refers to the children of Sin, but the painting is the first and most important passion, the rest goes into the background. Sin and her children posed for tens of Vincent drawings, and his talent as an artist has grown significantly during this period. His early, more primitive drawings of miners in Boringet give way to a much more refined manner and emotions in work.
In 1883, Vincent begins to experiment with oil paints, he used oil paints and earlier, but now this direction for him is the main one. In the same year, he parted with Sin. Vincent leaves Hague in mid-September to move to Drenthe. Over the next six weeks, Vincent leads a nomadic lifestyle, moving throughout the region working on landscapes and images of peasants.
The last time, Vincent returns to the house of his parents, now in Nuenen, at the end of 1883. Over the next year, Vincent Van Gogh continued to improve his skills. He created dozens of paintings and drawings during this period: weaver, counters and other portraits. Local peasants were his favorite topics - partly because Van Gogh felt strong relationship with poor workers. In the romantic life of Vincent there is another episode. This time drammatic. Margo Behemanne (1841-1907), whose family lived next door to Vincent's parents, was in love with Vincent and emotional shock in relationships lead her to a suicide attempt. Vincent was very shocked by this incident. Margo eventually recovered, the case of the case was strongly stripped Vincent. He himself in the letters to Theo was repeatedly returned to this episode.
1885: First Great Works
In the first months of 1885, Van Gogh continued his series of peasants portraits. Vincent looked at them, somehow practicing where you can improve your skills. Vincent works fruitfully during March and April. At the end of March, he slightly disappears from the work in connection with the death of his father, the relationship with which last years was very tense. Several years of intense labor, improvement of skill, technology and Vincent in 1885 comes to the first serious work "Potato erect".
Vincent worked on "potato bass" during April 1885. He prepared a few sketches in advance and worked on this picture in the workshop. Vincent Bal is so inspired by the success that even the criticism from his friend Antoni Van Rappard led only to the rupture. This is a new stage in life and skill Van Gogh.
Van Gogh continues to work in 1885, he does not calm down and in early 1886 enters the Art Academy in Antwerp. Once again, it comes to the conclusion that official training is too narrow for him. The choice of Vincent is practical work, only so he can hone his skill, which is proof of his "potato erect". After four weeks of training, Van Gogh leaves the Academy. He is interested in new methods, technician, self-improvement, all this Vincent can no longer receive in Holland, his way lies in Paris.
New Start: Paris
In 1886 Vincent Van Gogh without warning comes to Paris to Brother Teo. Before that, in the letters, he wrote his brother, in the need to move to Paris for further development. Theo in turn, knowing the complex character of Vincent resisted this move. But Theo had no choice and brother had to take.
Life period in Paris for Van Gogh is important from the point of view of his role in transformation as an artist. Unfortunately, this period of Vincent's life (two years in Paris) is one of the least documented. Since the description of the life of Van Gogh is based on his correspondence with the theo, and Vincent lived at the Teo (District Montmartre, Street Lepik House 54) and naturally there was no correspondence.
Nevertheless, the importance of Vincent time in Paris is obvious. Theo, as an art dealer, had many contacts in the artist environment and Vincent soon entered this circle. For two years in Paris, Van Gogh visited the early exhibitions of Impressionists (where were the works of Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Auguste Renoara, Camille Pissarro, George Syra and Sisley). There is no doubt that Van Gogh was influenced by impressionists, but he always remained faithful to his own unique style. For two years, Van Gogh took over some of the techniques of impressionists.
Vincent enjoy painting in the vicinity of Paris during 1886. His palette began to move away from the dark, traditional colors of his homeland and will include brighter shades of impressionists. Vincent became interested in Japanese art, Japan at that time its cultural isolation. The Western world was fascinated by all Japanese and Vincent acquires several Japanese engravings. As a result, Japanese art had an impact on Van Gogh and throughout the future it is read in his works.
The entire 1887 van Gogh honors his skills, practicing a lot. His mobile and stormy person does not calm down, Vincent does not eat bad health, abuses alcohol and smoking. His hopes that he will be able to control his expenses not justified. Relationships with theo tense. .
As it often happened throughout his life, bad weather conditions in the winter months make Vincent irritable and depressed. He is depressed, wants to see and feel paints of nature. Winter months 1887-1888gg are not easy. Van Gogh decided to leave Paris after the sun, his road lies in Arles.
Arral. South.Vincent Van Gogh moved to Arles in early 1888 for a variety of reasons. The tired of the feverish energy of Paris and the long winter months, Van Gogh seeks to the warm sun of Provence. Another motivation is Vincent's dream about creating a kind of artists in Arles, where his comrades from Paris can gain refuge, where they will work together, support each other in achieving common goals. Van Gogh sat on the train from Paris to Arles on February 20, 1888 inspired by his dream for a prosperous future and watches a swimming landscape.
Without a doubt, Van Gogh was not disappointed with Arlem in the first few weeks there. In search of the Sun, Vincent saw Arles unusually cold and popped by snow. It must have been discouraging for Vincent, who left everyone he knew in order to find heat and restoration in the south. However, bad weather was short and Vincent began to draw some of his favorite works in his career.
As soon as hepta, Vincent, without losing time began to create his work outdoors. In March, trees wake up and landscape looked somewhat gloomy after the winter. However, in a month, the kidneys on trees and Van Gogh writes flowering gardens. Vincent is pleased with its performance and together with the gardens is refreshing.
Subsequent months were happy. Vincent removed the room in the cafe de la Gar on the Lamartin Square 10 in early May and for the studio rented his famous "Yellow House" (on Laartin 2 Square). Vincent will not actually move to a yellow house until September.
Vincent works hard during spring and summer, begins to send the theo his works. Van Gogh is often perceived today as an irritable and lonely person. But in reality, he enjoys the society of people and does everything possible during these months to make friends with many. Although deeply lonely from time to time. Vincent never lost the hope of creating the Commune of artists and began a campaign on the conviction of the Gaugaen field to join him in the south. Previously seems unlikely, because the resettlement of Gogen will require even more financial assistance from the theo that has reached its limit.
At the end of July, Uncle Van Gogh died and left the teo's inheritance. This financial influx allows the theo to sponsor Gogen's move to Arles. Theo was interested in this move, as a brother and as a business person. Theo knows that Vincent would be happier and more calm in the company Gaugaen, as well as the theo hoped that the paintings that he would receive from Gauguen in exchange for his support would be profitable. Unlike Vincent, Paul Gaugugen is not quite sure, in the success of his works.
Despite the improvement of the state of financial affairs Theo, Vincent remained faithful and spent almost all for art supplies and an atmosphere in the apartment. Gaugugen arrived in Arral by the train early in the morning of October 23.
In the next two months, this move will be crucial, and catastrophic consequences, both for Vincent Van Gogh and the Gaugaen fields. Initially, Van Gogh and Gaughene laid well, worked on the outskirts of Arlya, discussed their art. Weekly, the weather was worsened, Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gaugaen is forced to stay at home more and more often. The temperament of both artists forced to work in the same room creates a lot of conflicts.
The relationship between Van Gogh and Gaughene worsened during December. The price has written that their hot spores became more and more frequent. On December 23, Vincent Van Gogh, in the impulse of madness, disgraced the lower part of the left ear. Van Gogh cut off the part of the left ear of the left ear, wrapped it into the cloth and gave a prostitute. Then Vincent returned to his apartment where he lost consciousness. He was discovered by the police and hospitalized at the Hospital of Hotel-Die in Arle. After sending Telegram Teo, Gogen immediately went to Paris, not visiting Van Gogh in the hospital. More they will never in person personally, although relationships and improve ..
During his stay in the hospital, Vincent was under the supervision of Dr. Felix Reya (1867-1932). The first week after injury was crucial for life Van Gogh - both psychologically and physically. It suffered a greater blood loss and continued to suffer from serious attacks. Theo, who rushed from Paris to Arles, was sure that Vincent would die, but by the end of December and in the first days of January, Vincent almost completely recovered.
The first weeks of 1889 were not easy for Vincent Van Gogh. After recovery, Vincent returned to his yellow house, but continued to attend Dr. Reya for observations and wear a bandage on the head. After recovery, Vincent was on the rise, but problems with money and the departure of his close friend, Joseph Rulene (1841-1903), who accepted a more advantageous offer and moved together with the whole family to Marseille. Rulen was the expensive and true friend of Vincent most of all time in Arles.
During January and early February, Vincent worked a lot, at this time he created "sunflowers" and "lullaby". However, on February 7, the next attack of Vincent. He was delivered to the hospital of the Die to Observation. Van Gogh is in the hospital for ten days, but after again returns to the yellow house.
By this time, some of the citizens Arral became alarmed by the behavior of Vincent and signed a petition with a detailed presentation of the problem. The petition was presented to the mayor of the city of Arles, ultimately, the police chief, ordered Van Gogh again to go to the hospital of the hotel-Die. Vincent remained in the hospital over the next six weeks, he was allowed to leave it - in order to draw. It was a productive, but emotionally heavy moment for Van Gogh. As in the case of a year before, Van Gogh returns to the flowering gardens around Arlya. But even when he creates one of his best works, Vincent understands that his condition is unstable. And after discussion with Theo, agrees to voluntary treatment in the Saint-Paul-de-Corn specialized clinic in Saint-Remy de Provence. Van Gogh leaves Arles on May 8.
Deprivation of libertyUpon arrival in the clinic, Van Gogh was placed under the supervision of the Doctor of Theophily of Zacharie Peyron Ogusta (1827-95). After examining Vincent, Dr. Peyron is convinced that his patient suffers from epilepsy - a diagnosis that remains one of the most likely to determine the state of Van Gogh, even today. Finding in the clinic presses on Van Gogh, it was discouraged by cries of other patients and bad food. It is oppressed, this atmosphere. In the course of treatment, Van Gogh is included hydro therapy, frequent immersion in a large water bath. Although this "therapy" was not cruel, but in any case, the least useful in terms of assistance to restore the mental health of Vincent.
Weekly, the mental state of Vincent remains stable and it was allowed to resume work. The staff was inspired by the progress of Van Gogh, and in mid-June, Van Gogh creates a "star night".
Relatively calm fortune Van Gogh lasts long, until mid-July. This time, Vincent tried to swallow his paints, as a result, is limited in access to the materials. After this exacerbation, he quickly restored, Vincent pulls his art. A week later, Dr. Peyron allows Van Gogh to resume his work. The resumption of work coincided with the improvement of the mental state. Vincent writes Teo, describing his bad physical condition.
In two months, Van Gogh could not leave his ward and writes the theory that when exiting the street it captures strong loneliness. In the near future, Vincent again overcomes his alarms and renews work. During this time, Vincent plans to leave the Saint Remy clinic. He expresses these thoughts to the theo that begins to guide possible alternatives to provide medical care for Vincent - this time is much closer to Paris.
Mental and physical health Van Gogh is fairly stable for the remainder of 1889. Health Theo is improving, it will assist in organizing the exhibition of Oktawa Maus, in Brussels, in which six paintings of Vincent were shown. Vincent is delighted with the enterprise and remains very fruitful throughout this time.
On December 23, 1889, a year later, after an attack, when Vincent cut off his ear, a new week attack fights Van Gogh. The aggravation was serious and continued for about a week, but Vincent restored quickly and resumes painting classes. Unfortunately, Van Gogh suffers a lot of seizures of the first months of 1890. These exacerbations become frequent. Oddly enough, at this time, when Van Gogh was probably in his most mentally depressed state, his work will finally begin to receive recognition of critics. News about it pushes Vincent to hope to leave the clinic and return to the north.
After counseling, the theo understands that the best solution for Vincent will return to Paris, under the doctor of the doctor of the Hashe (1828-1909), the therapist in Over-sur-UAZ under Paris. Vincent agrees with the TEO plans and completes the course of treatment in Saint-Remy. 16 May 1890 Vincent Van Gogh left the clinic and sat on the night train to Paris.
"Sadness will last forever ....
Vincent's journey to Paris passed without incident, and he was met by the theo on arrival. Vincent remained with the Teo, his wife Joanne and their newborn son, Vincent Willem (Vincent) for three pleasant days. Never loved the noise and bustle of urban life, Vincent felt some tension and decided to leave Paris, in a more quiet over-sur-UAZ.
Vincent met with Dr. Gasha soon after his arrival in Over. And although the initial Gogh is impressed with Hashe, later he expresses serious doubts about his competence. Despite his concerns, Vincent finds a number in a small hotel owned by Arthur Gustavu Ravoux and immediately begins to write the surroundings of Over-sur-UAZ.
For the next two weeks, Van Gogh's opinion is softened. Vincent was pleased with Over-sur-UAZ, here he was given freedom in which they refused to Saint-Remy, and at the same time provided him with extensive topics for his painting and graphics. The first weeks in the Overah passed for Vincent Van Gogh nice and without incident. June 8 Theo, Joe and the child came to Over Vincent and Gasha. Vincent spends a very pleasant day with his family. Apparently, Vincent turned out to be quite restored - mentally and physically.
During June, Vincent remained in a good mood and was extremely effective, creating a "portrait of Dr. Gasha" and "Church in Overa". The initial calm of the first month in Overa was interrupted when Vincent received the news that his nephew was seriously ill. Theo is experiencing the most difficult time: uncertainty in his own career and future, current health problems and illness of their son. After recovering the child, Vincent decided to visit theo and his family on July 6 and went to an early train. Very little is known about the visit. Vincent will soon get tired and quickly returns to a quieter ovel.
Over the next three weeks, Vincent resumed its work and how to learn from his letters, was quite happy. In letters, Vincent writes that he is currently feeling well and is calm, comparing his state with last year. Vincent was immersed in the fields and plains around Over and produced several shiny landscapes during July. Vincent's life acquires stability, it works a lot.
Nothing foreshadowed such a junction. On July 27, 1890, Vincent Van Gogh is sent with easel and paints to the field. There he took out the revolver and fired himself in his chest. Winsent managed to reach Ravoux Inn, where he collapsed into bed. It was decided not to try to extract a bullet in breast of Vincent and the Hasha wrote an urgent letter of the Teo. Unfortunately, Dr. Haache did not have the home address of Theo and was supposed to write him in the gallery, where he worked. It did not cause a serious delay and Theo arrived the next day.
Vincent and Theo remained together in the last hours of life of Vincent. Theo was devoted to his brother, holding it and spoke to him in Dutch. Vincent seemed to accept his fate and Teo later wrote that Vincent himself wanted to die when the theo I sat at his bed. The last words of Vincent were "sadness will last forever."
Vincent Van Gogh died at 1:30 in the morning. July 29, 1890. The church Over refused to resolve the burial of Vincent on the territory of his cemetery, because Vincent committed suicide. In the nearby settlement Mary, however, agreed to resolve the burial and funeral took place on July 30.
