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LESSON TOPIC : “There are such born angels...” Image of Matryona
(based on the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin’s Dvor”).
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
- give students the opportunity to think about such moral concepts as kindness, sensitivity, conscience, humanity.
- “following the author” to follow the fate of a Russian woman who withstood the harsh trials of life and managed to preserve a kind and sympathetic soul;
- find out what qualities allowed the author to call the heroine the righteous woman of the Russian land, an angel
There are such born angels, they seem to be weightless, they seem to glide on top of this slurry (violence, lies, myths about happiness and legality), without drowning in it at all...
A. I. Solzhenitsyn
MATERIALS FOR THE LESSON:
- story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin’s Dvor”;
- portrait of a writer;
- multimedia presentation on the topic of the lesson.
- printable table “Ways to create a hero’s image.”
1.Opening speech by the teacher.
One day, the residents of Athens, gathered in the square, saw Demosthenes walking around the city on a hot sunny day with a lantern in his hands.
- Why do you need a lantern, it’s already light? And what are you looking for? - they asked him.
“I’m looking for a man,” answered Demosthenes.
The Athenians were surprised and asked him the same thing a second time.
“A man,” Demosthenes answered again.
- A person? This is who: me, him, or maybe that one over there... - the residents of Athens laughed.
- I'm looking for a person...
So who do you think Demosthenes was looking for with a lantern in his hands?
What qualities must a person have to have a name?
A man with a capital letter? How should he live? We will try to find answers to these and other questions from Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, because a real writer thinks about life, understands life and people more deeply.
2. Communicating the topic and objectives of the lesson(slide No. 1)
Working with an epigraph(write in your notebook - check at the end of the lesson ). (slide no.)
What is an epigraph? What is it for?
What is its meaning and how well it was chosen, we will talk at the end of the lesson, when we summarize.
3. Checking the d/z.
Working with the text of a work.
So, you have read the work, let’s turn to its beginning.
The narrator, returning from prison, decides to settle (“get lost,” as he himself says) “in the most visceral, shady Russia” ( slide number 6 )
Sl. slave. – visceral – internal; horse-haired - the original one, who has preserved the old customs and foundations) and fate brings him together with Matryona Vasilyevna Grigorieva.
Poll on the content of the work
Remember under what circumstances does the author and readers first meet Matryona?
Why isn’t she one of the “applicants” who could have a guest? Does Matryona want to get such a profitable tenant? What does this mean? How does he explain the reason for the refusal?
For the residents of the village, Matryona is a useless housewife who does not have the opportunity to welcome a guest well in her neglected house. But the hero-narrator suddenly feels that this life is internally close to him - and remains to live with Matryona.
Why did the old peasant woman, a simple worker, attract the narrator’s attention? Let's get to know her better.
- To do this, remember the ways to create the image of the hero of the work (table) slide no.
- tables are distributed
5. Work in mini-groups, each with a task card
( cards included)
Please note that getting to know the heroine begins with her house, her hut (slide No. 7) Solzhenitsyn continues the traditions of Russian literature: the world of the Turbins in the play “The White Guard” was described by Bulgakov through their house; begins with a description of the Melekhovs’ house “ Quiet Don» Sholokhov. (You have yet to get acquainted with these works. So you are happy, because you can feel the joy of reading a new interesting work)
What is a hut? (slide No. 8), in which Ignatich settled?
Card: 1 gr. Interior as a way to create character.
- What important details in her description does the author draw our attention to? - Who inhabits Matryona's hut?
- What portrait details does the writer focus on?
Card: 2 gr. Portrait as a way to create character.
- Is there a detailed portrait of the heroine in the story? What portrait details does the writer focus on? (fill in the second column of the notebook)
“Those people always have good faces, those who are at peace with their conscience,” the author directly states.
What is special about the heroine’s speech?
Card: 3 gr. Speech as a way to create character.
- Give examples of her use of colloquial, dialect vocabulary.
How is a typical day for Matryona? What is the meaning of her life?
Card: 4 gr. Life and life of Matryona.
- How is a typical day for Matryona? What does she do?
- What is this quality called? (the first column of the notebook is selfless)
And now a common task for everyone
- How do others treat Matryona?
- native,
- neighbours,
- collective farm board?
- “Matryona accumulated a lot of grievances that year.” What grievances of the heroine does the author talk about? (slide no.)
Matryona had to endure a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband, backbreaking work in the village, severe illness - illness, a bitter resentment towards the collective farm, which squeezed all the strength out of her, and then wrote it off as unnecessary, leaving without pension or support.
Is Matryona angry at this world, which is so cruel to her?
Matryona did not get angry, she retained a good mood, a feeling of joy and pity for others, a radiant smile still brightens her face (1 volume of books)
This is her world, this is how she lives. But the arrival of Thaddeus destroys the established way of life, peace, and silence. Why?
What are the reasons for the death of Matryona?
So Matryona passed away. “A loved one was killed,” the narrator does not hide his grief.
How do people in the village react to her death? You can read it from the text
And it turned out that Matryona was leaving this life, not understood by anyone, not mourned by anyone as a human being. The author admits that he, who became related to Matryona, did not fully understand her. And only death revealed before him the majestic and tragic image Matryona.
8. Analysis of the ending of the story
How do you understand these words? What is the meaning of the word “righteous”? (slide No. 9)
By the way, the original title of the story, given by Solzhenitsyn himself, was: “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man.” (slide number 10) It was later, for censorship reasons, that it was renamed (Tvardovsky renamed it in order to allow it to be published)
9. Lesson summary
Can you and I call Matryona Vasilyevna an angel, a righteous man? (What entry do you have in the table in the first column?) Why do we say “natural”?
Now answer the question: “How well was the epigraph chosen for our lesson today?” Does it reflect the character of the heroine?
- Do you think such righteous people are needed in our lives?
But you will answer this question at home, once again remembering those lessons of kindness, conscience, humanity that A.I. Solzhenitsyn taught us. Form of work - essay
- Assessment
- Reflection
1 gr. Interior as a way to create character.
- What is the hut in which Ignatich settled?
- What important details in the description of the hut does the author draw our attention to?
- Who inhabits Matryona's hut?
2 gr. Portrait as a way to create character.
- Is there a detailed portrait of the heroine in the story? What portrait details does the writer focus on?
______________________________________________
3 gr. Speech as a way to create character.
- Follow the heroine’s speech. What is special about her speech? (pay attention to the tone, timbre of speech.)
- How is Matryona’s character revealed in her speech?
______________________________________________
4 gr. Life and life of Matryona.
- What is a typical day like for Matryona? What does she do?
- How do you feel about work? Does she have a way to regain her good humor?
-What is the meaning of her life? Is she ready to help others? Does he ask for something in return?
______________________________________________
The attitude of others towards the heroine
- How do others treat Matryona:
- native,
- neighbours,
- collective farm board?
- “Matryona accumulated a lot of grievances that year.” What grievances of the heroine does the author talk about?
_____________________________________________
Nomination: pedagogical ideas and technologies.
Topic: Lesson on the story “Matryonin’s Dvor”
How do others treat her?
Card: 6 gr. The attitude of others towards the heroine.
How do others treat Matryona:
Collective farm board?
- “Matryona accumulated a lot of grievances that year.” What grievances of the heroine does the author talk about?
Matryona had to endure a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband, backbreaking work in the village, severe illness - illness, a bitter resentment towards the collective farm, which squeezed all the strength out of her, and then wrote it off as unnecessary, leaving without pension or support.
Is Matryona angry at this world, which is so cruel to her?
Matryona did not get angry, she retained a good mood, a feeling of joy and pity for others, a radiant smile still brightens her face (1 volume of books)
This is her world, this is how she lives. But the arrival of Thaddeus destroys the established way of life, peace, and silence. Why?
6. It is on this evening that Matryona fully reveals herself to Ignatich.
Dramatizing the episode.
Color painting often plays an important role in revealing the idea of a work.
Think about what color do you think can correspond to each episode from Matryona’s life? Why?
7. Working with the textbook.
And one more technique, which we meet for the first time, is used by the author in describing the heroine. Open page 323 of the textbook, reading from the words “Noting...”, draw a conclusion: what is the basis of this literary device? (frequently NOT, what is it like? Does the author deny it? No, he claims it.)
This technique is called “affirmation through negation” (notebook)
Matryona does not feel sorry for the upper room; “it was terrible for her to break the roof under which she had lived for forty years,” writes the author. She clearly understands: “... it was the end of her entire life.”
What are the reasons for the death of Matryona?
So Matryona passed away. “A loved one was killed,” the narrator does not hide his grief.
How do people in the village react to her death?
And it turned out that Matryona was leaving this life, not understood by anyone, not mourned by anyone as a human being. The author admits that he, who became related to Matryona, did not fully understand her. And only death revealed to him the majestic and tragic image of Matryona.
8. Analysis of the ending of the story. There is an audio recording of the ending of the story as read by the author himself.
How do you understand these words? What is the meaning of the word “righteous”? (slide No. 9)
By the way, the original title of the story, given by Solzhenitsyn himself, was: “A village is not worth it without a righteous man” (slide number 10). It was later, for censorship reasons, that it was renamed.
Can we call our heroine a righteous woman? (What entry did you have in your notebook in the first column?)
Now answer the question: “How well was the epigraph chosen for our lesson today?” Does it reflect the character of the heroine?
Do you think such righteous people are needed in our lives?
But you will answer this question at home, once again remembering the lessons of kindness, conscience, humanity that he taught us.
House. ass (slide No. 11)
9. Home you received the task; After counting the tokens, put a grade in your diary for your work in class.
10. Lesson summary.
Reflection. Listen to B. Okudzhava’s composition “Prayer”)
“In the summer of 1953, I returned from the dusty hot desert at random - just to Russia.” These lines open Solzhenitsyn’s story “ Matrenin Dvor", an amazing fusion of document and high literary prose. The manuscript, however, indicated 1956, but, on the advice of Tvardovsky, Solzhenitsyn changed the date for reasons of censorship and moved the action to the time of the Khrushchev Thaw. The story is largely autobiographical. After his release from the camp, Solzhenitsyn came to central Russia to work as a teacher, where he met the future heroine of the story. V. Astafiev called the story “the pinnacle of Russian short fiction,” he believed that all modern “ village prose" left "Matrenina Dvor".
The story is based on an incident that reveals the character of the main character. Through the tragic event - the death of Matryona - the author comes to a deep understanding of her personality. Only after death “the image of Matryona floated before me, as I did not understand her, even living side by side with her.” The writer does not give a detailed, specific portrait description of the heroine. Only one portrait detail is constantly emphasized - Matryona’s “radiant”, “kind”, “apologetic” smile. Already in the very tonality of the phrase, the selection of “colors” one can feel the author’s attitude towards Matryona: “The frozen window of the entryway, now shortened, was filled with a little pink from the red frosty sun, and Matryona’s face was warmed by this reflection.” And then - the author’s direct description: “Those people always have good faces who are in harmony with their conscience.” Matryona's speech is smooth, melodious, beginning with "some kind of low warm purring, like a grandmother's in fairy tales."
All the world Matryona in her darkish hut with a large Russian stove is a continuation of herself, a part of her life. Everything here is organic and natural: the cockroaches rustling behind the partition, the rustling of which was reminiscent of the “distant sound of the ocean,” and the languid cat, picked up by Matryona out of pity, and the mice, which on the tragic night of Matryona’s death darted about behind the wallpaper as if Matryona herself was “invisibly rushed about and said goodbye to her hut here.” The image of the main character is revealed through artistic details. These are, for example, Matryona’s favorite ficuses, which “filled the hostess’s loneliness with a silent but lively crowd,” the ficuses that Matryona once saved from a fire, without thinking about the meager goods she had acquired. The frightened crowd froze the ficus trees in that terrible night, and then were taken out of the hut forever.
Matryona had to endure a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband in the war, hellish work in the village that is not feasible for every man, severe illness-illness, bitter resentment towards the collective farm, which squeezed all the strength out of her, and then wrote it off as unnecessary, leaving him without a pension and support. The tragedy of a rural Russian woman is concentrated in the fate of one Matryona. But Matryona did not get angry at this world, she retained a good mood, a feeling of pity for others, and a radiant smile still brightens her face. “She had a surefire way to regain her good spirits - work.” For a quarter of a century on the collective farm, she had broken her back quite a bit: she dug, planted, carried huge sacks and logs, she was one of those who, according to Nekrasov, “stops a galloping horse.” And all this “not for money - for sticks. For sticks of workdays in the accountant’s dirty book.” Nevertheless, she was not entitled to a pension, because, as Solzhenitsyn writes with bitter irony, she did not work in a factory - on a collective farm. And in her old age, Matryona knew no rest: she either grabbed a shovel, then went with sacks into the swamp to cut grass for her dirty white goat, or went with other women to secretly steal peat from the collective farm for winter kindling.
“Matryona was angry with someone invisible,” but she did not hold a grudge against the collective farm. Moreover, according to the very first decree, she went to help the collective farm, without receiving, as before, anything for her work. And she did not refuse help to any distant relative or neighbor, without a shadow of envy,” later telling the guest about the neighbor’s rich potato harvest. Work was never a burden to her; “Matryona never spared either her labor or her goods.” And everyone around Matryonin shamelessly took advantage of Matryonin’s selflessness. Sisters, sister-in-law, adopted daughter Kira, the only friend in the village, Thaddeus - these are those who were closest to Matryona, who should have understood and appreciated this man. And what? She lived poorly, wretchedly, alone - a “lost old woman”, exhausted by work and illness. Relatives almost did not appear in her house, apparently fearing that Matryona would ask them for help. Everyone in chorus condemned Matryona, that she was funny and stupid, that she worked for others for free, that she was always meddling in men’s affairs (after all, she also got hit by a train because she wanted to help the men, pull the sleigh with them through the crossing). True, after Matryona’s death, the sisters immediately flocked in, “seized the hut, the goat and the stove, locked her chest, and gutted two hundred funeral rubles from the lining of her coat.” And her half-century-old friend is the only one who sincerely loved Matryona in this village, nevertheless, when leaving, she did not forget to take Matryona’s knitted blouse with her so that the sisters would not get it. The sister-in-law, who recognized Matryona’s simplicity and cordiality, spoke about this “with contemptuous regret.” Everyone mercilessly took advantage of Matryona’s kindness and simplicity - and unanimously condemned her for it.
Matryona was lonely inside a large society and, worst of all, inside a small one - her village, relatives, friends. This means that what is wrong is a society that suppresses the best.
Fate threw the hero-storyteller to a station with a strange name for Russian places - Peat Product. Already in the title itself there is a wild violation, a distortion of primordial Russian traditions. Individual details make up the holistic appearance of a Russian village. Gradually, the interests of a living, concrete person were replaced by government interests. They no longer baked bread or sold anything edible - the table became meager and poor. Collective farmers “everything goes to the collective farm, right down to the white flies,” and they had to gather hay for their cows from under the snow. The new chairman began by cutting off the gardens of all disabled people, and huge areas of land lay empty behind fences. For many years Matryona lived without a ruble, and when they advised her to seek a pension, she was no longer happy: they chased her around the offices with papers for several months - “now for a period, now for a comma.” Neighbors who were more experienced in life summed up her pension ordeals: “The state is momentary. Today, you see, it gave, but tomorrow it will take away.”
There has been a distortion, a displacement of the most important thing in life - moral principles and concepts. Greed, envy of each other and bitterness drive people. When they were dismantling Matryona’s room, “everyone worked like mad, in that ferocity that people have when they smell big money or are expecting a big treat. They were shouting at each other and arguing."
The picture leaves a painful impression: “Leaves flew around, snow fell - and then melted. They plowed again, sowed again, reaped again. And again the leaves flew off, and the snow fell again...” “And the years passed, as the water floated...”, so Matryona passed away, “a loved one was killed.” In Matryona's house last time All relatives and friends gathered. And it turned out that Matryona was leaving this life, not understood by anyone, not mourned by anyone as a human being. Even the folk rites of farewell to a person have lost the real feeling, the human element; they are unpleasantly striking with their “coldly thought-out” orderliness. At the funeral dinner they drank a lot, they said loudly, “not about Matryona at all.” According to custom, they sang “Eternal Memory,” but “the voices were hoarse, different, the faces were drunk, and no one put feelings into this eternal memory.”
The most terrible figure in the story is Thaddeus, an “insatiable old man” who has lost basic human pity and is overwhelmed by a thirst for profit. Thaddeus was completely different in his youth - it is no coincidence that Matryona loved him. And in the fact that by old age he has changed beyond recognition, there is a certain share of Matryona’s own fault. And she felt it, forgave him a lot. After all, she did not wait for Thaddeus from the front, she buried him in her thoughts ahead of time - and Thaddeus became angry with the whole world, driving out all his resentment and anger on the wife he found as the second Matryona. At Matryona's funeral, he was gloomy with one heavy thought - to save the upper room from the fire and from Matryona's sisters. “Having sorted through the Zhalnovskys,” the author writes, “I realized that Thaddeus was not the only one in the village.” But Matryona - like that - was completely alone.
Matryona's death is inevitable and natural, it is a certain milestone, a severance of moral ties, the beginning of disintegration, the death of the moral foundations that Matryona strengthened with her life. The original (author's) title of the story - “A village is not worth it without a righteous man” - carried the main ideological load. Tvardovsky proposed a neutral name - “Matrenin’s Dvor”.
“Matrenin’s Dvor” is a symbol of a special structure of life, a special world. Matryona, the only one in the village, lives in her own world: she arranges her life with work, honesty, kindness and patience, preserving her soul and inner freedom. Popularly wise, sensible, able to appreciate goodness and beauty, smiling and sociable, Matryona managed to resist evil and violence, preserving her “court”. Matryona dies and this world collapses. And there is no one to protect Matryona’s yard, no one even thinks that with Matryona’s departure something very valuable and important, not amenable to division and primitive everyday assessment, is leaving life.
The ending of the story is bitter: “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.”
The righteous Matryona is the moral ideal of the writer. According to Solzhenitsyn, “the meaning of earthly existence is not in prosperity, but in the development of the soul.” Solzhenitsyn continues one of the main traditions of Russian literature, according to which the writer sees his purpose in preaching truth, spirituality, in the need to pose “eternal” questions and seek answers to them.
Lesson topic: Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn.
Analysis of the story "Matrenin's Dvor".
The purpose of the lesson: try to understand how the writer sees the phenomenon of the “common man”, to understand philosophical sense story.
During the classes:
- Teacher's word.
History of creation.
The story “Matrenin’s Dvor” was written in 1959, published in 1964. “Matrenin’s Dvor” is an autobiographical and reliable work. The original title is “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man.” Published in Novy Mir, 1963, No. 1.
This is a story about the situation in which he found himself, returning “from the dusty hot desert,” that is, from the camp. He wanted to “get lost in Russia,” to find a “quiet corner of Russia.” The former camp inmate could only get hired for hard work, but he wanted to teach. After rehabilitation in 1957, S. worked for some time as a physics teacher in the Vladimir region, lived in the village of Miltsevo with the peasant woman Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova.
2. Conversation based on the story.
1) The name of the heroine.
- Which of the Russian writers of the 19th century main character had the same name? With which female images in Russian literature could you compare the heroine of the story?
(Answer: the name of Solzhenitsyn’s heroine evokes the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, as well as the images of other Nekrasov women - workers: just like them, the heroine of the story “is dexterous in any work, she had to stop a galloping horse, and into a burning hut come in." There is nothing of a stately Slavic woman in her appearance; you cannot call her a beauty. She is modest and inconspicuous.)
2) Portrait.
- Is there a detailed portrait of the heroine in the story? What portrait details does the writer focus on?
(Answer: Solzhenitsyn does not give a detailed portrait of Matryona. From chapter to chapter, only one detail is repeated most often - a smile: “a radiant smile”, “the smile of her round face”, “she smiled at something”, “an apologetic half-smile”. It is important for the author to portray not so much the external beauty of a simple Russian peasant woman, but the inner light flowing from her eyes, and all the more clearly emphasize your thought, expressed directly: “Those people always have good faces who are at peace with their conscience.” Therefore, after the terrible death of the heroine, her face what remained was intact, calm, more alive than dead.)
3) The heroine’s speech.
Write down the most characteristic statements of the heroine. What are the features of her speech?
(Answer: Matryona’s deeply folk character is manifested primarily in her speech. Expressiveness and bright individuality give her language an abundance of vernacular, dialect vocabulary and archaism (2 – the days are in time, to the terrible, love, summer, both sexes, to help, troubleshooting). That's what everyone in the village said. Matryona’s manner of speech is just as deeply folkish, the way she pronounces her “kind words.” “They began with some kind of low, warm purring, like grandmothers in fairy tales.”
4) Life of Matryona.
- What artistic details create a picture of Matryona’s life? How are everyday objects connected to the heroine’s spiritual world?
(Answer: Outwardly, Matryona’s life is striking in its disorder (“she lives in desolation”) All her wealth is ficus trees, a lanky cat, a goat, mouse cockroaches, a coat made from a railway overcoat. All this testifies to the poverty of Matryona, who worked all her life, but only with great difficulty, she earned herself a tiny pension. But something else is also important: these meager everyday details reveal her special world. It is no coincidence that the ficus says: “They filled the loneliness of the mistress. They grew freely...” - and the rustling of cockroaches is compared to the distant sound of the ocean. It seems that nature itself lives in Matryona’s house, all living things are drawn to her).
5) The fate of Matryona.
Can you reconstruct Matryona’s life story? How does Matryona perceive her fate? What role does work play in her life?
(Answer: The events of the story are limited to a clear time frame: summer-winter 1956. Restoring the fate of the heroine, her life dramas, personal troubles, one way or another, are connected with the turns of history: With the First World War, in which Thaddeus was captured, with the Great Domestic, from which her husband did not return, from the collective farm, from which all her strength was drained from her and left her without means of subsistence.Her fate is a part of the fate of the entire people.
And today the inhumane system does not let Matryona go: she was left without a pension, and she is forced to spend whole days obtaining various certificates; they don’t sell her peat, forcing her to steal, and they also search her based on a denunciation; the new chairman cut gardens for all disabled people; It is impossible to have cows, since mowing is not allowed anywhere; They don't even sell train tickets. Matryona does not feel justice, but she does not hold a grudge against fate and people. “She had a surefire way to restore good spirits - work.” Receiving nothing for her work, she goes at the first call to help her neighbors and the collective farm. Those around her willingly take advantage of her kindness. The villagers and relatives themselves not only do not help Matryona, but also try not to appear in her house at all, fearing that she will ask for help. To each and every one, Matryona remains absolutely alone in her village.
6) The image of Matryona among relatives.
What colors are used in the story of Thaddeus Mironovich and Matryona’s relatives? How does Thaddeus behave when dismantling the upper room? What is the conflict of the story?
(Answer: The main character is contrasted in the story with the brother of her late husband, Thaddeus. Drawing his portrait, Solzhenitsyn repeats the epithet “black” seven times. A man whose life was broken in his own way by inhumane circumstances, Thaddeus, unlike Matryona, harbored a grudge against fate , taking it out on his wife and son. An almost blind old man comes to life when he pesters Matryona about the upper room, and then when he destroys the hut of his former bride. Self-interest, the thirst to seize a plot for his daughter, force him to destroy the house that he once then he built it himself. Thaddeus' inhumanity is especially clearly manifested on the eve of Matryona's funeral. Thaddeus did not come to Matryona's wake at all. But the most important thing is that Thaddeus was in the village, that Thaddeus was not the only one in the village. At the wake, no one talks about Matryona herself.
There is almost no eventual conflict in the story, because the very character of Matryona excludes conflictual relationships with people. For her, good is the inability to do evil, love and compassion. In this substitution of concepts, Solzhenitsyn sees the essence of the spiritual crisis that struck Russia.
7) The tragedy of Matryona.
What signs foretell the death of the heroine?
(Answer: From the very first lines, the author prepares us for the tragic outcome of Matryona’s fate. Her death is foreshadowed by the loss of a pot of blessed water and the disappearance of a cat. For relatives and neighbors, Matryona’s death is only a reason to slander her until they have the opportunity to profit from her not cunning goods, for the narrator is the death loved one and the destruction of the whole world, the world of that people's truth, without which the Russian land does not stand)
8) The image of the narrator.
What do the fates of the narrator and Matryona have in common?
(Answer: The narrator is a man from a difficult family, with a war and a camp behind him. Therefore, he is lost in a quiet corner of Russia. And only in Matryona’s hut did the hero feel something akin to his heart. And lonely Matryona felt trust in her guest. Only to him does she tell about his bitter past, only he will reveal to her that he spent a lot of time in prison.The heroes are also related by the drama of their fate, and many life principles. Their relationship is especially evident in speech. And only the death of the mistress forced the narrator to comprehend her spiritual essence, which is why the motive of repentance sounds so strongly at the end of the story.
9) - What is the theme of the story?
(Answer: main topic story - “how people live.”
Why is the fate of the old peasant woman, told in a few pages, of such interest to us?
(Answer: This woman is unread, illiterate, a simple worker. To survive what Matryona Vasilievna had to endure, and to remain a selfless, open, delicate, sympathetic person, not to become embittered towards fate and people, to preserve her “radiant smile” until old age - what mental strength is needed for this!
10) -What is the symbolic meaning of the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”?
(Answer: Many symbols of S. are associated with Christian symbolism: images - symbols way of the cross, righteous, martyr. The first title “Matryonina Dvor” directly points to this. And the name itself is general in nature. The courtyard, Matryona’s house, is the refuge that the narrator finds after many years of camps and homelessness. In the fate of the house, the fate of its owner is, as it were, repeated, predicted. Forty years have passed here. In this house she survived two wars - German and domestic, the death of six children who died in infancy, the loss of her husband, who went missing during the war. The house is deteriorating - the owner is getting old. The house is dismantled like a person - “ribs by ribs.” Matryona dies along with the upper room. With part of your home. The owner dies and the house is completely destroyed. Until spring, Matryona's hut was stuffed like a coffin - buried.
Conclusion:
The righteous Matryona is the writer’s moral ideal, on which, in his opinion, the life of society should be based.
The folk wisdom included by the writer in the original title of the story accurately conveys this author’s thought. Matryonin's yard is a kind of island in the middle of an ocean of lies that holds the treasure of the people's spirit. The death of Matryona, the destruction of her yard and hut is a terrible warning about the catastrophe that can happen to a society that has lost its moral guidelines. However, despite all the tragedy of the work, the story is imbued with the author’s faith in the vitality of Russia. Solzhenitsyn sees the source of this vitality not in the political system, not in state power, not in the power of weapons, but in the simple hearts of unnoticed, humiliated, most often lonely righteous people opposing the world of lies.)
Original text:
That autumn Matryona had many grievances. A new pension law had just come out, and her neighbors encouraged her to seek a pension. She was lonely all around, but since she began to get very sick, she was released from the collective farm. There were a lot of injustices with Matryona: she was sick, but was not considered disabled; She worked on a collective farm for a quarter of a century, but because she wasn’t at a factory, she was not entitled to a pension for herself, and could only get it for her husband, that is, for the loss of a breadwinner. But my husband had been gone for twelve years, since the beginning of the war, and now it was not easy to get those certificates from different places about his stash and how much he received there. It was a hassle to get these certificates; and so that they write that he received at least three hundred rubles a month; and certify that she lives alone and no one is helping her; and what year is she? and then carry it all to social security; and reschedule, correcting what was done wrong; and still wear it. And find out whether they will give you a pension.
These efforts were made more difficult by the fact that the social security service from Talnov was twenty kilometers to the east, the village council was ten kilometers to the west, and the village council was an hour’s walk to the north. They chased her from office to office for two months - now for a period, now for a comma. Each passage is a day. He goes to the village council, but the secretary is not there today, just like that, as happens in villages. Tomorrow, then, go again. Now there is a secretary, but he does not have a seal. The third day, go again. And go on the fourth day because they signed blindly on the wrong piece of paper; Matryona’s pieces of paper are all pinned together in one bundle.
They oppress me, Ignatich,” she complained to me after such fruitless passages. - I was concerned.
But her forehead did not remain darkened for long. I noticed: she had a sure way to regain her good mood - work. Immediately she either grabbed a shovel and dug up the cart. Or she would go for peat with a bag under her arm. And even with a wicker body - up to the berries in the distant forest. And bowing not to the office desks, but to the forest bushes, and having broken her back with burdens, Matryona returned to the hut, already enlightened, satisfied with everything, with her kind smile.
Now I’ve got the tooth, Ignatich, I know where to get it,” she said about peat. - What a place, it’s just nice!
Yes, Matryona Vasilyevna, isn’t there enough peat for me? The car is intact.
Eww! your peat! so much more, and so much more - then, sometimes, it’s enough. Here, as winter swirls and fights against the windows, it doesn’t so much drown you as blows it out. In the summer we trained a lot of peat! Wouldn’t I have trained three cars now? So they get caught. Already one of our women is being dragged to court.
Yes, it was like that. The frightening breath of winter was already swirling - and hearts were aching. We stood around the forest, but there was nowhere to get a firebox.
(A.I. Solzhenitsyn)
Composition
The author focuses on the fate of a simple, lonely village woman, Matryona Vasilyevna. There were many troubles in her difficult life - she buried her husband, six children, worked all her life not for money, but for sticks, but, despite all the hardships and adversities, Matryona did not lose the ability to respond to someone else's misfortune, to live according to her conscience. And therefore the heroine is seen by both us, the readers, and the author as a real Russian righteous woman. A.I. Solzhenitsyn manages to create this image using various artistic means.
The heroine’s appearance may be inconspicuous, but an inner light emanates from her soul. The author manages to convey this using the epithets “enlightened” and “kind”. One gets the impression that Matryona is a holy person who lives exclusively according to the laws of morality. The “enlightened” heroine returns to the hut. She is getting old and regrets her former strength.
The hut was strong and well built. Yes, time takes its toll here too. Chips fly, cracks show through. Matryona can no longer hide in her hut. “The breath of winter” (the author uses personification) swirls around the house and “duels through the windows.” And “the hearts ached” from fear of the inevitability not of the winter cold, but of the cold of the human soul.
An important means of creating the image of Matryona is also speech characteristic. The author saturates the heroine’s remarks with dialect words (for example, “letos”) and vernacular (“tepericha”, “skolischa”). In general, these lexical means give Matryona’s speech figurativeness, poetry, and expressiveness. The words “duel”, “kartovy”, “lyubota”, sounding from the lips of a simple Russian woman, take on a special meaning. Such word creation testifies to the heroine’s talent, her closeness to folklore traditions, to folk life.
Matryona is a real hard worker. Her whole life is filled with actions and events. The heroine does not sit idle for a minute, despite senile infirmity and illness. The author's description of Matryona is replete with verbs with the meaning of movement (“walked,” “digged,” “mined”). The writer uses the noun “trouble” twice, which contains the essence of Matryona, emphasizing her love for work and activity.
Talking about how the heroine “achieves” a pension, the author uses the technique of syntactic parallelism in the narrative: “go again”, “the third day go again”, “the fourth day go because...” So the writer once again emphasizes the heroine’s tenacity and persistence in achieving its “righteous” goal. The features of Matryona’s speech are also conveyed using incomplete sentences and inversion. These syntactic devices help the author show the emotionality and spontaneity of a village woman.
Matryona resembles Nekrasov’s heroines. Even the name is the same: let’s remember Matryona Timofeevna from the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Heroine A.I. Solzhenitsyn is similar to her in her peasant soul, but she does not have the “majesty of a Russian Slav”, like Matryona Nekrasov.
Before us is an honest, fair, but absurd, poor, even wretched woman; a man of a selfless soul, absolutely unrequited, humble; righteous woman, without whom, according to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, “a village is not worth it.” The writer manages to create such a multifaceted, amazing image of a Russian peasant woman using various artistic means.
Brigadenko Yulia, 11th grade, 2006
