A. N. Solzhenitsyn, returning from exile, worked as a teacher at the Miltsev school. He lived in an apartment with Matrena Vasilievna Zakharova. All events described by the author were real. In Solzhenitsyn's story Matrenin yard» describes the difficult share of the collective farm Russian village. We offer for review an analysis of the story according to the plan, this information can be used to work in literature lessons in grade 9, as well as in preparation for the exam.
Brief analysis
Year of writing– 1959
History of creation– The writer began work on his work on the problems of the Russian village in the summer of 1959 on the Crimean coast, where he was visiting his friends in exile. Being wary of censorship, it was recommended to change the title "A village without a righteous man" and, on the advice of Tvardovsky, the writer's story was called "Matryona's Dvor".
Topic- The main theme of this work is the life and life of the Russian hinterland, the problems of the relationship of an ordinary person with power, moral problems.
Composition- The narration is on behalf of the narrator, as if through the eyes of an outside observer. The features of the composition allow us to understand the very essence of the story, where the characters will come to the realization that the meaning of life is not only (and not so much) in enrichment, material values, but in moral values, and this problem is universal, and not a single village.
genre– The genre of the work is defined as “monumental story”.
Direction- Realism.
History of creation
The writer's story is autobiographical; indeed, after his exile, he taught in the village of Miltsevo, which in the story is called Talnovo, and rented a room from Zakharova Matrena Vasilievna. In his short story the writer reflected not only the fate of one hero, but also the whole epoch-making idea of the formation of the country, all his problems and moral principles.
Myself the meaning of the name"Matryona's Yard" is a reflection of the main idea of the work, where the boundaries of her court expand to the scale of the whole country, and the idea of morality turns into universal problems. From this we can conclude that the history of the creation of the "Matryona Dvor" does not include a separate village, but the history of the creation of a new outlook on life, and on the power that governs the people.
Topic
After analyzing the work in Matrenin Dvor, it is necessary to determine main theme story, to find out what the autobiographical essay teaches not only the author himself, but, by and large, the whole country.
The life and work of the Russian people, their relationship with the authorities are deeply illuminated. A person works all his life, losing his personal life and interests in work. Your health, after all, without getting anything. Using the example of Matrena, it is shown that she worked all her life, without any official documents about her work, and did not even earn a pension.
All the last months of its existence were spent on collecting different pieces of paper, and the red tape and bureaucracy of the authorities also led to the fact that one and the same piece of paper had to go to get more than once. Indifferent people sitting at tables in offices can easily put the wrong seal, signature, stamp, they do not care about people's problems. So Matrena, in order to achieve a pension, more than once bypasses all instances, somehow achieving a result.
The villagers think only about their own enrichment, for them there is no moral values. Faddey Mironovich, her husband's brother, forced Matryona to give the promised part of the house to her adopted daughter, Kira, during her lifetime. Matryona agreed, and when, out of greed, two sledges were hooked to one tractor, the cart fell under the train, and Matryona died along with her nephew and the tractor driver. Human greed is above all, that very evening, her only friend, Aunt Masha, came to her house to pick up the little thing promised to her, until Matryona's sisters stole it.
And Thaddeus Mironovich, who also had a coffin with his late son in his house, still managed to bring the logs abandoned at the crossing before the funeral, and did not even come to pay tribute to the memory of the woman who died a terrible death because of his irrepressible greed. Matrena's sisters, first of all, took away her funeral money, and began to divide the remains of the house, crying over her sister's coffin not from grief and sympathy, but because it was supposed to be.
In fact, humanly, no one took pity on Matryona. Greed and greed blinded the eyes of fellow villagers, and people will never understand Matryona that with her spiritual development a woman stands at an unattainable height from them. She is truly righteous.
Composition
The events of that time are described from the perspective of an outsider, a lodger who lived in Matryona's house.
The narrator starts his narrative from the time he was looking for a job as a teacher, trying to find a remote village to live. By the will of fate, he ended up in the village where Matryona lived, and decided to stay with her.
In the second part, the narrator describes the difficult fate of Matryona, who has not seen happiness since her youth. Her life was hard everyday work and worries. She had to bury all her six children born. Matryona endured a lot of torment and grief, but she did not become embittered, and her soul did not harden. She is still hardworking and disinterested, benevolent and peaceful. She never condemns anyone, she treats everyone evenly and kindly, as before, she works in her farmstead. She died trying to help her relatives move her own part of the house.
In the third part, the narrator describes the events after the death of Matryona, all the same soullessness of people, relatives and relatives of the woman, who, after the death of the woman, swooped like crows into the remains of her yard, trying to quickly take everything apart and plunder, condemning Matryona for her righteous life.
main characters
genre
The publication of Matryona Dvor caused much controversy among Soviet critics. Tvardovsky wrote in his notes that Solzhenitsyn is the only writer who expresses his opinion without regard to the authorities and the opinion of critics.
Everyone unequivocally came to the conclusion that the work of the writer belongs to "monumental story", so in a high spiritual genre the description of a simple Russian woman, personifying universal human values, is given.
Artwork test
Analysis Rating
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Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 1
1. The story "Matryonin Dvor":
B) is based on fiction;
C) based on eyewitness accounts, contains elements of fiction.
2. The story is told in:
A) in first person
B) from a third party;
C) two narrators.
3. Function of exposition in a story:
A) introduce the reader to the main characters;
B) intrigue the reader with a mystery that explains the slow movement of the train along a segment of the railway track;
C) to acquaint with the place of action and indicate the involvement of the narrator in what happened
events.
4. The narrator settled in Talnovo, hoping to find patriarchal Russia:
A) and was upset when he saw that the inhabitants were unfriendly towards each other;
B) and did not regret anything, because he learned the folk wisdom and sincerity of the inhabitants of Talnovo;
C) and stayed there forever.
5. The narrator, paying attention to the description of everyday life, talking about a middle-aged cat, a goat, mice and cockroaches living freely in Matryona's house:
A) did not approve of the inaccuracy of the hostess, although he did not tell her about it so as not to offend;
B) emphasized that the good heart of Matryona felt sorry for all living things, and she sheltered in the house of those
who needed her compassion;
C) showed the details of village life.
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 2
1. Unlike detailed description Thaddeus, the portrait of Matryona is stingy with details:
“The round face of Matryona, tied with an old faded handkerchief, looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp ...” This allows:
B) indicate its belonging to the villagers;
C) to see a deep subtext in the description of Matryona: her essence reveals not a portrait, but how she lives and communicates with people.
2. Reception of the arrangement of images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses in the finale of the story ( ) is called:
3. What the author says: “But it must have come to our ancestors from the Stone Age itself, because, heated once before dawn, it keeps warm food and drink for livestock, food and water for humans all day long. And sleep warmly.
5. How does the fate of the narrator of the story "Matryona Dvor" resemble the fate of the author A. Solzhenitsyn?
5. When was the story "Matryonin Dvor" written?
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 3
1. Matryona told the narrator Ignatich the story of her bitter life:
A) because she had no one to talk to;
B) because he also had to go through difficult times, and he learned to understand and sympathize;
C) because she wanted to be pitied.
2. A short acquaintance with Matryona allowed the author to understand her character. He was:
A) kind, gentle, sympathetic;
B) closed, taciturn;
C) cunning, mercantile.
3. Why was it hard for Matryona to give the upper room during her lifetime?
4. What did the narrator want to work in the village?
5. Indicate on whose behalf the narration is being conducted in Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin Dvor"
B) objective storytelling
D) bystander
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 4
A) went for holy water at Baptism;
B) she cried when she heard Glinka's romances on the radio, taking this music with her heart;
C) agreed to give the upper room for scrapping.
2. Main theme of the story:
A) revenge of Thaddeus Matryona;
B) the alienation of Matryona, who lived closed and lonely;
C) the destruction of Matryona's court as a haven of kindness, love and forgiveness.
3. Waking up one night in the smoke that rushed to save Matryona?
4. The sister-in-law, after the death of Matryona, said about her: "... stupid, she helped strangers for free." Were people strangers to Matryona? What is the name of this feeling, on which Russia is still based, according to Solzhenitsyn?
5. Indicate the second name of Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin Dvor"
A) "The case at the station Krechetovka"
B) "Fire"
C) “A village does not stand without the righteous”
D) "business as usual"
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 5
A) highlight the hero's solidity, dignity, fortress.
B) to show the resilience of the once “tar hero”, who did not waste his spiritual kindness and generosity;
C) more clearly reveal the anger, hatred, greed of the hero.
2. The narrator is:
A) an artistically generalized character showing a complete picture of events;
B) the character of the story, with his life story, self-characterization and speech;
C) a neutral narrator.
3. What did Matryona feed her tenant?
4. Continue.“But Matryona was by no means fearless. She was afraid of fire, she was afraid of lightning, and most of all for some reason .... "
a) "The village of Torfoprodukt"
b) “A village does not stand without a righteous man”
c) "Backless Matryona"
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 6
1. Depicting the lamentation of relatives for the deceased Matryona,
A) shows the proximity of the heroes to the Russian national epic;
B) shows the tragedy of events;
C) reveals the essence of the sisters of the heroine, who, in tears, argue for the inheritance of Matryona.
2. A tragic omen of events can be considered:
A) the loss of a rickety cat;
B) the loss of the house and everything connected with it;
C) discord in relations with sisters.
3. Matryona's clock was 27 years old and they were in a hurry all the time, why didn't this bother the hostess?
4. Who is Kira?
5. What is the final tragedy? What does the author want to tell us? What worries him?
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 7
1. Solzhenitsyn calls Matryona a righteous woman, without whom the village does not stand, according to the proverb. He came to this conclusion:
A) since Matryona always spoke the right words, her opinion was listened to;
B) because Matryona observed Christian customs;
C) when the image of Matryona became clear to him, close, like her life without the pursuit of good, for outfits.
2. What words begin the story "Matryonin Dvor"?
3. What connects the story "Matryonin Dvor" and?
4. What was the original name of the story "Matryonin Dvor"?
5. What hung "on the wall for beauty" in Matryona's house?
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 8
1. Matryona cooked food in three cast-iron pots. In one - for himself, in the other - for Ignatich, and in the third - ...?
3. What sure remedy did Matryona have to regain her good mood?
4. What event or omen happened to Matryona at Baptism?
5. Name full name Matryona .
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 9
1. What part of the house did Matryona bequeath to her pupil Kira?
2. What historical period is the story about?
a) after the revolution
b) after World War II
3. What music heard on the radio did Matryona like?
4. What kind of weather did Matryona call duel?
5. " From the red frosty sun, the frozen window of the canopy, now shortened, filled with a little pink, - and Matryona's face warmed this reflection. Those people always have good faces, who….” Continue.
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 10
1. What was Thaddeus thinking about as he stood at the tombs of his son and the woman he had once loved?
2. What is the main idea of the story?
a) depiction of the severity of the life of the peasantry of collective farm villages
b) the tragic fate of a village woman
c) loss of spiritual and moral foundations by society
d) displaying the type of eccentric in Russian society
3.
Continue: “Not understood and abandoned even by her husband, who buried six children, but did not like her sociable character, a stranger to her sisters, sister-in-law, funny, stupidly working for others for free - she did not accumulate property to death. Dirty white goat, rickety cat, ficuses…
We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the one .... "
4.
5. What artistic details help the author create the image of the main character?
a) lopsided cat
b) potato soup
c) a large Russian stove
d) a silent but lively crowd of ficuses
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 11
1. What is the meaning of the namestory?
a) the story is named after the scene
b) Matrenin yard - a symbol of a special structure of life, a special world
c) a symbol of the destruction of the world of spirituality, goodness and mercy in the Russian village
2. What is the main idea of this story? What Solzhenitsyn puts into the image of the old woman Matryona?
3. What is the feature of the image systemstory?
a) built on the principle of pairing of characters
b) the heroes surrounding Matryona are selfish, callous, they used the kindness of the main character
c) emphasizes the loneliness of the main character
d) designed to highlight the character of the main character
4. Write what was the fate of Matryona.
5. How did Matryona live? Was she happy in life?
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 12
1. Why didn't Matryona have children?
2. What was Thaddeus worried about after the death of his son and former beloved woman?
3. What did Matryona bequeath?
4. How can you characterize the image of the main character?
a) a naive, funny and stupid woman who has worked for others for free all her life
b) an absurd, poor, miserable, abandoned old woman
c) a righteous woman who has not sinned in any way against the laws of morality
a) artistic details
b) in a portrait
c) the nature of the description of the event underlying the story
e) internal monologues of the heroine
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 13
1. What type of traditional thematic classification does this story belong to?
1) Village 2) military prose 3) intellectual prose 4) urban prose
2. To what type literary heroes can be attributed to Matryona?
1) extra person, 2) little man, 3) premature man 4) righteous man
3. The story "Matryonin Dvor" is written in the following traditions:
4. The episode of the destruction of the house is:
1) opening 2) exposition 3) climax 4) denouement
5. Traditions of what ancient genre can be found in the story "Matryonin's yard"?
1) parables 2) epics 3) epic 4) lives
Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor"
Option 14
1. What is the original title of the story?
1) “Life is not a lie” 2) “A village does not stand without a righteous man” 3) “Be kind!” 4) "Death of Matryona"
2. The specific subject of the narrative, indicated by the pronoun "I" and the first person of the verb, the protagonist of the work, the intermediary between the image of the author and the reader is called:
3. Words found in the story "Mismatch", "to the ugly", "room" are called:
1) professional 2) dialect 3) words with a figurative meaning
4. Name the technique that the author uses when depicting the characters of Matryona and Thaddeus:
1) antithesis 2) mirror composition 3) comparison
5. Reception of the arrangement of images with a gradual increase in significance, which the author uses in the finale of the story ( village - city - all our land) is called:
1) hyperbole 2) gradation 3) antithesis 4) comparison
Answers:
Option 1
1 - a
3 - in
4 - a
5 B
Option 2
2- gradation
3 - About the Russian stove.
Option 3
3. “It was not a pity for the chamber itself, which stood idle, as in general, Matryona never spared her labor or goodness. And this room was still bequeathed to Kira. But it was terrible for her to start breaking the roof under which she had lived for forty years.
4. teacher
Option 4
3. She began to throw ficuses on the floor so that they would not suffocate from the smoke.
4. The righteous
Option 5
1. v
2. 2.
3. “Cardboard not peeled”, “cardboard soup” or barley porridge.
4. Trains.
5. b
Option 6
3. If only they didn’t fall behind, so as not to be late in the morning. ”
4. pupil
5. Matryona perishes - Matryonin's yard perishes - Matryonin's world - a special world of the righteous. The world of spirituality, goodness, mercy, about which they also wrote. No one even thinks that with the departure of Matryona, something valuable and important passes away. Righteous Matryona is the moral ideal of the writer, on which the life of society should be based. All the actions and thoughts of Matryona were consecrated with a special holiness, not always clear to others. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryonas in Russia, and without them " do not stand the village". The final words of the story return to the original title - " A village does not stand without a righteous man"and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical sense. Village- a symbol of moral life, the national roots of man, the village - the whole of Russia.
Option 7
1. V
2. “At one hundred and eighty-four kilometers from Moscow along the branch that goes to Murom and Kazan, for a good six months after that, all the trains slowed down, as it were, to the touch.”
3. It was he who gave it that name.
4. A village does not stand without a righteous person.”
5. Ruble posters about the book trade and about the harvest.
Option 8
1. goat.
2. About electricity.
3. Job.
4. The pot of holy water is missing.
5. Grigorieva Matryona Vasilievna
Option 9
1. Upper room.
2. d) 1956
2. Glinka's romances.
3. Blizzard.
4. "At odds with your conscience."
Option 10
1. “His high forehead was darkened by a heavy thought, but this thought was to save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryonov sisters.”
2. v)
3. "... the righteous, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand."
4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Matryona? What did Ignatic understand for himself?
5. e) "radiant", "kind", "apologising" smile
Option 11
1. v
2. the moral ideal of the writer, on which the life of society should be based. All the actions and thoughts of Matryona were consecrated with a special holiness, not always clear to others. The fate of Matryona is firmly connected with the fate of the Russian village. There are fewer and fewer Matryonas in Russia, and without them " do not stand the village»
Option 12
1. Died
2. save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryonov sisters.
3. The true meaning of life, humble
4. V
The story “Matryonin Dvor” was written by Solzhenitsyn in 1959. The first title of the story is “There is no village without a righteous man” (Russian proverb). The final version of the title was invented by Tvardovsky, who at that time was the editor of the Novy Mir magazine, where the story was published in No. 1 for 1963. At the insistence of the editors, the beginning of the story was changed and the events were attributed not to 1956, but to 1953, that is, to the pre-Khrushchev era. This is a nod to Khrushchev, thanks to whose permission Solzhenitsyn's first story, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962), was published.
The image of the narrator in the work "Matryonin Dvor" is autobiographical. After Stalin's death, Solzhenitsyn was rehabilitated, indeed he lived in the village of Miltsevo (Talnovo in the story) and rented a corner from Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova (Grigorieva in the story). Solzhenitsyn very accurately conveyed not only the details of the life of Marena's prototype, but also the features of life and even the local dialect of the village.
Literary direction and genre
Solzhenitsyn developed the Tolstoyan tradition of Russian prose in realistic direction. The story combines the features of an artistic essay, the story itself and elements of life. The life of the Russian village is reflected so objectively and diversely that the work approaches the genre of "novel type story". In this genre, the character of the hero is shown not only at a turning point in his development, but also the history of the character, the stages of his formation are covered. The fate of the hero reflects the fate of the entire era and the country (as Solzhenitsyn says, the land).
Issues
At the center of the story moral issues. Are many human lives worth the occupied area or the decision dictated by human greed not to make a second trip by a tractor? Material values among the people are valued higher than the person himself. Thaddeus lost his son and the once beloved woman, his son-in-law is threatened with prison, and his daughter is inconsolable. But the hero thinks about how to save the logs that the workers at the crossing did not have time to burn.
Mystical motifs are at the center of the problematic of the story. This is the motif of an unrecognized righteous man and the problem of cursing things that are touched by people with unclean hands pursuing selfish goals. So Thaddeus undertook to bring down Matryonin's room, thereby making her cursed.
Plot and composition
The story "Matryonin Dvor" has a time frame. In one paragraph, the author talks about how trains slow down at one of the crossings and 25 years after a certain event. That is, the frame refers to the beginning of the 80s, the rest of the story is an explanation of what happened at the crossing in 1956, in the year of the Khrushchev thaw, when “something started to move”.
The hero-narrator finds the place of his teaching in an almost mystical way, having heard a special Russian dialect in the bazaar and settling in the "kondovoy Russia", in the village of Talnovo.
In the center of the plot is the life of Matryona. The narrator learns about her fate from herself (she tells how Thaddeus, who disappeared in the first war, wooed her, and how she married his brother, who disappeared in the second). But the hero finds out more about the silent Matryona from his own observations and from others.
The story describes in detail Matryona's hut, which stands in a picturesque place near the lake. The hut plays an important role in the life and death of Matryona. To understand the meaning of the story, you need to imagine a traditional Russian hut. Matrona's hut was divided into two halves: the actual residential hut with a Russian stove and the upper room (it was built for the eldest son to separate him when he marries). It is this chamber that Thaddeus disassembles in order to build a hut for Matryona's niece and his own daughter Kira. The hut in the story is animated. The wallpaper left behind the wall is called its inner skin.
Ficuses in tubs are also endowed with living features, reminding the narrator of a silent, but lively crowd.
The development of the action in the story is a static state of harmonious coexistence of the narrator and Matryona, who "do not find the meaning of everyday existence in food." The culmination of the story is the moment of the destruction of the chamber, and the work ends with the main idea and a bitter omen.
Heroes of the story
The hero-narrator, whom Matryona calls Ignatich, from the first lines makes it clear that he came from places of detention. He is looking for a job as a teacher in the wilderness, in the Russian outback. Only the third village satisfies him. Both the first and the second turn out to be corrupted by civilization. Solzhenitsyn makes it clear to the reader that he condemns the attitude of Soviet bureaucrats towards man. The narrator despises the authorities, who do not give Matryona a pension, forcing her to work on the collective farm for sticks, not only not giving peat for the furnace, but also forbidding anyone to ask about it. He instantly decides not to extradite Matryona, who brewed moonshine, hides her crime, for which she faces prison.
Having experienced and seen a lot, the narrator, embodying the author's point of view, acquires the right to judge everything that he observes in the village of Talnovo - a miniature embodiment of Russia.
Matryona - main character story. The author says about her: “Those people have good faces who are at odds with their conscience.” At the moment of acquaintance, Matryona's face is yellow, and her eyes are clouded with illness.
To survive, Matryona grows small potatoes, secretly brings forbidden peat from the forest (up to 6 sacks a day) and secretly cuts hay for her goat.
There was no woman's curiosity in Matryona, she was delicate, did not annoy with questions. Today's Matryona is a lost old woman. The author knows about her that she got married before the revolution, that she had 6 children, but they all died quickly, "so two did not live at once." Matryona's husband did not return from the war, but went missing. The hero suspected that he had a new family somewhere abroad.
Matryona had a quality that distinguished her from the rest of the villagers: she selflessly helped everyone, even the collective farm, from which she was expelled due to illness. There is a lot of mysticism in her image. In her youth, she could lift sacks of any weight, stopped a galloping horse, foresaw her death, being afraid of locomotives. Another omen of her death is a pot of holy water that went missing on Epiphany.
Matryona's death seems to be an accident. But why on the night of her death, the mice rush about like crazy? The narrator suggests that it was 30 years later that the threat of Matryona's brother-in-law Thaddeus, who threatened to chop down Matryona and his own brother, who married her, struck.
After death, the holiness of Matryona is revealed. The mourners notice that she, completely crushed by the tractor, has only the right hand left to pray to God. And the narrator draws attention to her face, more alive than dead.
Fellow villagers speak of Matryona with disdain, not understanding her disinterestedness. The sister-in-law considers her unscrupulous, not careful, not inclined to accumulate good, Matryona did not seek her own benefit and helped others for free. Despised by fellow villagers was even Matryonina's cordiality and simplicity.
Only after her death did the narrator realize that Matryona, "not chasing after the factory", indifferent to food and clothing, is the foundation, the core of all of Russia. On such a righteous person stands a village, a city and a country ("all our land"). For the sake of one righteous man, as in the Bible, God can spare the earth, protect it from fire.
Artistic originality
Matryona appears before the hero as fabulous creature, similar to Baba Yaga, who reluctantly gets off the stove to feed the prince who is passing by. She, like a fairy grandmother, has helper animals. Shortly before the death of Matryona, the rickety cat leaves the house, the mice, anticipating the death of the old woman, rustle especially. But cockroaches are indifferent to the fate of the hostess. Following Matryona, her favorite ficuses, similar to the crowd, die: they are of no practical value and are taken out into the cold after Matryona's death.
The work of the Russian Soviet prose writer AI Solzhenitsyn is one of the brightest and most significant pages of our literature. His main merit to readers is that the author made people think about their past, about the dark pages of history, told the cruel truth about many inhumane orders of the Soviet regime and revealed the origins of the lack of spirituality of subsequent - post-perestroika - generations. The story "Matryonin Dvor" in this regard is the most indicative.
History of creation and autobiographical motives
So, the history of creation and analysis. "Matryona Dvor" refers to stories, although in size it significantly exceeds the traditional framework of the aforementioned. It was written in 1959, and published - thanks to the efforts and efforts of Tvardovsky, the editor of the most progressive literary magazine at that time, Novy Mir - in 1963. Four years of waiting is a very short time for a writer who spent time in camps labeled "enemy of the people" and disgraced after the publication of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.
Let's continue the analysis. Progressive critics consider “Matryona Dvor” to be even a stronger and more significant work than “One Day ...”. If in the story about the fate of prisoner Shukhov the reader was captivated by the novelty of the material, the courage to choose a topic and its presentation, and the accusatory power, then the story about Matryona amazes with its amazing language, mastery of the living Russian word and the highest moral charge, pure spirituality that fill the pages of the work. Solzhenitsyn planned to call the story like this: “A village is not worth without a righteous man,” so that main topic and the idea were stated initially. But censorship would hardly have missed such a shocking title for the Soviet atheistic ideology, so the writer inserted these words at the end of his work, titled it by the name of the heroine. However, the story only benefited from the rearrangement.
What else is important to note, continuing the analysis? "Matrenin Dvor" is referred to the so-called village literature, rightly noting its fundamental importance for this trend in Russian verbal art. The author's principled and artistic veracity, a firm moral position and heightened conscientiousness, the impossibility of making compromises, as required by the censors and the situation, became the reason for further suppression of the story, on the one hand, and a vivid, living example for writers - Solzhenitsyn's contemporaries, on the other. fits perfectly with the theme of the work. And it could not have been otherwise, telling about the righteous Matryona, an elderly peasant woman from the village of Talnovo, who lives in the most "interior", primordially Russian outback.
Solzhenitsyn was personally acquainted with the prototype of the heroine. In fact, he talks about himself - a former military man who spent a decade in camps and in a settlement, immensely tired of the hardships and injustices of life and eager to rest his soul in a calm and uncomplicated provincial silence. And Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva is Matryona Zakharova from the village of Miltsevo, in whose hut Alexander Isaevich rented a corner. And the life of Matryona from the story is a somewhat artistically generalized fate of a real simple Russian woman.
Theme and idea of the work
Those who have read the story will not be hindered by the analysis. “Matryona Dvor” is a kind of parable about a disinterested woman, a woman of amazing kindness and gentleness. Her whole life is serving people. She worked on the collective farm for “workday sticks”, lost her health, and did not receive a pension. It is difficult for her to go to the city, it is difficult for her, and she does not like to complain, cry, and even more so to demand something. But when she demands to go to work on harvesting or weeding, no matter how bad Matryona feels, she still goes and helps the common cause. And if the neighbors asked to help dig potatoes, she also behaved. She never took payment for her work, she rejoiced from the bottom of her heart at someone else's rich harvest and did not envy when her own potatoes were small, like fodder.
Analysis of the work "Matryona Dvor" helps to reveal an interesting pattern. During their lifetime, people like Matryona Vasilievna cause bewilderment, irritation, and condemnation in those around them and relatives. The same sisters of the heroine, “mourning” her, lament that nothing was left after her from things or other wealth, they have nothing to profit from. But with her death, it was as if some kind of light went out in the village, as if it became darker, more boring, sadder. After all, Matryona was that righteous woman on whom the world rests, and without which neither the village, nor the city, nor the Earth itself stands.
Yes, Matryona is a weak old woman. But what will happen to us when such last guardians of humanity, spirituality, cordiality and kindness disappear? This is what the writer invites us to think about ...
The action of the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn takes place in the mid-1950s. the last century. The story is told in the first person, a kind of person who dreams of living in the outback of his native country, in contrast to those intending to quickly move to the bustling cities of his compatriots. This fact due to a long stay in prison, the desire to move away from society, solitude and peace.
Story line
To realize his intention, the character goes to the place "Peat Product" to teach at a high school. Boring barracks and dilapidated five-story houses do not attract him at all. As a result, having found shelter in the remote village of Talnovo, the hero will meet a lonely woman who has lost her health, Matryona.
By no means a prosperous household in a nondescript hut is made up of a shaggy cat abandoned by the former owner, a mirror darkened with time and a pair of posters that attract prying eyes, illustrating the sale of books and productivity.
contrasts
Focusing on these items of unpretentious interior, the author tries to convey to the reader the key problem of the past - the bravado of the official chronicle of events solely for show and the gloomy reality of the impoverished hinterland.
At the same time, the master of the word contrasts the rich spiritual world with the peasant woman who performs overwork on the collective farm. Having worked almost all of her best years, she did not receive a pension from the state either for herself or for her when she lost her breadwinner.
Personal qualities
Attempts to gain at least some penny turn into obstacles from the bureaucratic apparatus. Despite the misunderstanding of those around her and the dishonest actions of the ruling authorities, she manages to maintain humanity, a sense of pity and compassion for people. Surprisingly humble by nature, she does not require additional attention and excessive comfort, sincerely rejoicing in her acquisitions.
Love for nature is expressed in the careful cultivation of numerous ficuses. From further descriptions of Matryona's life, it is known that she could have avoided a lonely fate, because the dwelling was built for children and grandchildren. Only in the 2nd part is the fact of the loss of her six children revealed. She waited 11 years from the war for her husband after declaring him missing.
Summarizing
The image of Matrena embodies the best features of a Russian woman. The narrator is impressed by her good-natured smile, incessant work in the garden or when going to the forest for berries. The author speaks unflatteringly about her surroundings. The replacement of a worn-out railway overcoat with a coat and the pension received cause noticeable envy among the villagers.
In his work, the writer draws attention to the extreme plight of the peasants, their bleak existence with their own meager food and lack of money to feed livestock. At the same time, the unfriendly attitude of each of the people living close to each other is clearly manifested.
Analysis of the story Matryonin yard Solzhenitsyn
The story of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn tells about a man who wanted to get lost in the depths of Russia. Moreover, the hero wanted a truly calm, almost reclusive life. He wanted to be a school teacher. And he succeeded. But in order to work at the school, he needed somewhere to live. He walked through the whole village and looked into every hut. Everywhere was tight. So he had to settle in a large and spacious hut of Matryona Vasilievna. The situation in the hut was not the best: cockroaches, mice, a three-legged cat, an old goat and neglect of the building - all this seemed scary at first. But over time, the hero got used to and got used to Matrena Vasilievna.
The writer describes the mistress of the hut as an old woman of about sixty. She walked in torn things, but she loved them very much. She had only one old, shabby goat from her household. Matryona Vasilievna appears to the reader as an ordinary, but at the same time mysterious woman. She is mostly silent, does not tell anything, and does not ask the hero for anything. Only once did Matryona tell a piece of her life to the hero. How she was going to marry one brother, and married another, because she did not wait for her first brother after the war. Everyone thought he was dead. And so Matrena Vasilievna married her second brother. He was younger than her by a year. But Yefim never laid a finger on Matryona. Arriving from the war, the older brother scolded to cut them down, but soon calmed down and found himself a wife with the same name. This is where her story ended. And then she told all this because Thaddeus came to her to talk with Antoshka's school teacher, who lived with Matryona.
Matrena Vasilievna is presented to the reader in such a way that one wants to feel sorry for her and help her. She had no children. It so happened that they died after three months of life. And so it happened that Vasilievna took one of her brother-in-law's daughters to bring up. The girl's name was Kira. Raised and married Matrena Vasilievna daughter. It was Kira who, at least sometimes, helped Matryona, and so the woman herself tried to survive. She, like all the women in the village, stole peat from the swamps to keep warm in cold winters. And she ate what "God will send." Matrena Vasilievna was a simple-hearted and kind person, she never refused help and did not take anything if she helped.
The hut in which the heroine of the story lived, Vasilyevna bequeathed to Kira. So the day came when they came to dismantle half of the hut, Matryona grieved a little and went to help load the boards. She was like that, Matrena Vasilievna, she always took on men's work. On this day, disaster struck. When boards were transported on sledges through railway, then crushed almost all the train.
Somehow not everyone really grieved about Matryona Vasilievna. Maybe from the fact that it is so accepted among people that it is necessary to shed tears for the dead, only for this reason it seems like people were crying. But the reader will not see sincerity in these tears. Everyone cries just because it's supposed to. Only the adopted daughter truly grieved for Matryona Vasilievna. She sat aside at the wake and quietly wept.
After the death of Matryona Vasilievna, everyone only thought about who would get what from her very poor property. The sisters shouted loudly about who would get what. Many others expressed what Vasilievna had promised to whom. Even the brother's husband thought that the boards that remained intact should be taken back and put into action.
In my opinion, AI Solzhenitsyn wanted to tell the story about a simple Russian woman. It is about one that is not noticeable at first glance, but if you get to know and talk better with her, then her whole multifaceted soul will be revealed. The author of the story wanted to talk about a strong female character. When, enduring hardships and misfortunes, falling, but rising again, a Russian woman always remains strong in spirit and does not get angry at simple everyday trifles. It is these people, inconspicuous and not requiring much, like Matrena Vasilievna, who make our life easier. When such a person does not become near, it is then that people realize the loss and the importance of the presence of this particular person nearby. In my opinion, the author perfectly chose the words at the end of the story “... a righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither city. Not all our land."
Love in a person's life means a lot. We can say that all human life consists of love. Out of love for friends, for family, for the motherland, for pets, for oneself, for a loved one.
Hurry to do good deedsEvery person in his life encounters kindness towards himself or others. Kindness is what makes our society more humane and compassionate in an effort to give joy to people around us, to show sincere feelings.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol in his story "Taras Bulba" describes in detail not only everything that happened in the Zaporizhzhya Sich, but also each of the unique individuals.
