Presentation on the Western European Middle Ages. Western European Middle Ages

Western European medieval architecture Gothic

Municipal autonomous

educational institution Lyceum No. 1 named after. A.S. Pushkin, Tomsk

Completed: teacher of fine arts

Maximova Nadezhda

Nikolaevna

History of origin

  • Gothic architecture originated in northern France in the middle of the 12th century.
  • The influential and powerful Abbot Suger is considered the godfather of the Gothic style, who in 1135-44. rebuilt the basilica of the abbey of Saint-Denis in a new style. Traditionally, it is believed that it is from this building that the Gothic era in Europe begins.
The very term "Gothic" arose in modern times as a contemptuous designation of everything brought into European art by the barbarians-Goths. The term emphasized the radical difference between medieval architecture and the style of Ancient Rome.
  • The very term "Gothic" arose in modern times as a contemptuous designation of everything brought into European art by the barbarians-Goths. The term emphasized the radical difference between medieval architecture and the style of Ancient Rome.
From France, the Gothic style burst into England and Germany. And then it spread to many Catholic countries in Europe. But the main role in the history of Gothic architecture was played by France, England and Germany.
  • From France, the Gothic style burst into England and Germany. And then it spread to many Catholic countries in Europe. But the main role in the history of Gothic architecture was played by France, England and Germany.

England recognized Gothic as a national style, over time supplementing, but not changing the basic principles.

England's main Gothic cathedral is Canterbury, a national shrine.

  • German Gothic architecture is not inferior to the Gothic of France. It is gorgeous and lightweight. An excellent example of this is the Cologne Cathedral - one of the largest beautiful Gothic cathedrals in the world.
The essence of the Gothic structure was the frame overlap of the building. This design removed the load from the walls, making it possible to cover almost their entire surface with window openings glazed with colored stained-glass windows. As a result, the space of the Gothic cathedral became lighter.
  • The essence of the Gothic structure was the frame overlap of the building. This design removed the load from the walls, making it possible to cover almost their entire surface with window openings glazed with colored stained-glass windows. As a result, the space of the Gothic cathedral became lighter.
The only massive part of the Gothic temple building is the main facade, on which there were two huge towers, turning into a thin spire. Gothic cathedrals are very ornate and richly decorated.
  • The only massive part of the Gothic temple building is the main facade, on which there were two huge towers, turning into a thin spire. Gothic cathedrals are very ornate and richly decorated.
  • The base of the building is constructed from rectangular cells called grasses. The grass is bounded by four pillars and arches, which together with the ribbed arches form the skeleton of the cross vault, which in turn is filled with small light vaults.

description

Description

  • The soaring columns and spiers, decorated with carved stone lace, seem to be lost in the sky, absorbed by the haze of clouds. The gigantic dimensions of the facade create a sense of outer space. Sharpness, subtlety and gracefulness of forms give the building a special lightness and airiness. The silhouette of the building seems to be ready to lift off the ground and soar.
The main feature of this architectural style was the Gothic rose, which adorned the round window above the main entrance to the temple.
  • The main feature of this architectural style was the Gothic rose, which adorned the round window above the main entrance to the temple.
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris is a masterpiece of early French Gothic. The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris is a masterpiece of early French Gothic.

Literary sources:

Danilova G.I. World Art. From the beginnings to the 17th century. 10 cl. Basic level: textbook. for general education. institutions. - M .: Bustard, 2009 .-- 366

Internet resources:

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1 % 8F_% D0% B0% D1% 80% D1% 85% D0% B8% D1% 82% D0% B5% D0% BA% D1% 82% D1% 83% D1% 80% D0% B0

www.firstudio.net/a1/for_customer/gothic.php

lifeglobe.net/blogs/details?id\u003d645

http://okna-modernspb.ru/goticheskaja-roza.html


Periodization: Early Middle Ages - 4th - 9th centuries Heyday of the Middle Ages - 9th - 13th centuries Late Middle Ages - centuries






Frankish kingdom Karl Martell - created a system of benefits. Benefit \u003d feud (land allotment) Land allotment issued for service


Empire of Charlemagne














Knights Ritter- rider The future knight received a special knightly education from an early age. At the age of 21, knighthood took place, which was a complex ritual action (taking the sacrament, washing, kneeling before the lord, demonstrating the ability to wield a spear, etc.). A full-fledged knight received homage








Punishment of the Knights A warrior convicted of treason or any other grave and unworthy sin, was subjected to demotion and shameful expulsion from the noble society and country, if at all survived. At such a sad ceremony, as a rule, all representatives of the knightly estate were present, as well as the church synod. The convict was publicly erected on the scaffold, where the knight's inverted shield was already hanging on the pillar of shame. All armor was removed from the criminal, stripped of titles, awards and estates. Then the clergy betrayed him to eternal damnation and buried him alive, depriving him of his name and status. This was followed by the death penalty or, at best, exile. The shame that the demoted and accursed knight incurred spread to several generations of his family.





CASTLE, fortified dwelling of a feudal lord. Castles in Europe, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Wed Asia was erected in well-defended places; the main tower (donjon, keshk) was surrounded by ramparts, moats, and walls. Harsh, powerful castles from c. become more picturesque, free in planning, from the centuries. turn into complex complexes of buildings and, finally, into palace ensembles.
Consolidation: 1. the basis for obtaining a feud 2. senior in Latin 3. the main quality of the knight 4. the meaning of the word vassal 5. vassal of the duke 6. A short statement about the nature of the knight 7. seigneur of the baron 8. land ownership

summaries of presentations

Europe in the Middle Ages

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Europe and Russia in the Middle Ages. The concept of "Middle Ages". The term "Middle Ages". Feudalism, its main features. Feud. The relationship between feudal lords and peasants. Patrimony. Natural economy. Corvee. Rent. Relations between feudal lords. Kings. Seniors. Vassals. The structure of medieval society. Corporation. The role of the church in the Middle Ages. Fight of popes and kings. Medieval state. Early feudal monarchy. Estates-representative monarchy. Absolute monarchy. The task. - Europe in the Middle Ages.ppt

Middle Ages in Europe

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The origin of the Western European civilization. Periodization of Medieval History. French historian. Barbarism. Invasions of the barbarians. Section of the Roman Empire. Three barbarian states. Transition from ancient civilization. The sequence of state formations. Fantastic Middle Ages. Inventions of Europeans. Notre Dame. Strasbourg Cathedral. Chartres Cathedral. Reims. Amiens. Beauvais. Agricultural development. Geographic unity of peoples. Hierarchy in society. Catholic Church. Dark Middle Ages. Christian civilization. Man. Cultural achievements. Roman style. - Medieval Europe.pptx

Medieval society

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Medieval society. Social system. Estate. Organization of the Christian Church. Feudal lord. Feudal staircase. Castle. Medieval village. Peasants. Economic dependence. Obligation estate. The economy of the feudal lord. Compulsory duties. Rent. Corvee. Personal addiction. Sentencing. Medieval village life. The owner of the estate. Village church. Villagers. Medieval society. Medieval society. Medieval society. Medieval society. Peasant cattle. Medieval society. Medieval society. Peasant house. - Medieval Society.ppt

Medieval clothing

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Medieval Fashion Magazine. Male Western European costume of the Middle Ages. Sculpture of medieval cathedrals. Tuck. Use of bright, contrasting color combinations in clothes. Men's suit. Adjacent silhouette. Slim fit short jackets. Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages. Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages. Women's dresses. Early Middle Ages. Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages. Clothing in the style of the Middle Ages. The period of the late Middle Ages. The proportions of the female fitted suit. Dynamic triangular shapes. Variety of hairstyles. Cover. - Clothes in the style of the Middle Ages.pptx

Medieval village

Slides: 9 Words: 457 Sounds: 0 Effects: 41

Define the main features of the economy in the early Middle Ages? 1. Lord's land and peasant allotments. The land was cultivated by peasants. The master's yard. Peasant allotments. 2. Feudal lords and dependent peasants. Read item 2 on page 43. -What other duties did the peasants carry in favor of the feudal lords? 3. The peasant community. All affairs in the community were decided together, at a general meeting. 4. How the peasants lived. The peasants lived in villages of 10-15 households. The yard consisted of a house, a barn, a barn, a barn and other buildings. Houses were built from logs, covered with straw. The peasants slept on wooden beds, or benches. - Medieval Village.ppt

Formation of medieval cities

Slides: 16 Words: 621 Sounds: 0 Effects: 28

Formation of medieval cities. The reasons for the emergence and growth of cities. The reasons for the growth of medieval cities. Students' idea of \u200b\u200bthe medieval city. Major changes in life. The formation of medieval cities. Economy development. Separation of crafts from agriculture. The emergence of cities. Feudal lords and townspeople. Traders and artisans. Craftsmen of the same profession. Money. European cities. Sahakyan Inessa. Thanks for watching. - Education of medieval cities.ppt

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Slides: 13 Words: 462 Sounds: 0 Effects: 32

The emergence of Medieval cities. Give the correct answer. The emergence of medieval cities. Economic development and its consequences. Changes in the farm. The soil became less likely to deplete. Separation of crafts from agriculture. The emergence of cities. Feudal lords and townspeople. Traders and artisans. Butcher. Money. European cities. - The rise of medieval cities.pps

Craft in a medieval town

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Craft in a medieval town. Give the correct answer. Craft. Lesson plan. Features. Craftsman workshop. Products. Participants in handicraft production. Home weaver at work. Workshop. The role of workshops in the life of the city. - Craft in a medieval town.pps

Quiz "Middle Ages"

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The development of the feudal system. Discoveries, inventions. Farming system. Three-field farming system. Who benefited from this procedure? Hint. Correct answer. Why the number of workshops grew. Happens. This was due to the growing division of labor. Seniors provided benefits. The seniors tried to attract more people to the city. Medieval town. The townspeople are people from the countryside. Communication of urban population with agriculture. How money changers turned into usurers. Money changers exchanged coins from different countries. The clergy were forbidden to marry. The Church strove to prevent the plundering of its wealth. -