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Studying additional literature, we learned that a special branch of linguistics stands out - onomastics, which studies its own names. The proper names of people are studied by her section - anthroponymics. Researches of scientists in these areas are widely presented in scientific textbooks, but in the school course of the Russian language there is not enough information about proper names. The reasons for the emergence of nicknames have not been investigated at all. When studying proper names in the 6th grade Russian language textbook in the vocabulary section, we find only one thing, that nicknames are written with a capital letter, no more information is given.
However, the study of nicknames is necessary, as nicknames are widespread in the school environment. Especially during adolescence. Sometimes they (nicknames) are the cause of disagreements and discord among schoolchildren, create difficulties in communication, since the student may assess his nickname as offensive.
This led to the choice of the topic of our research work: "The world of school nicknames."
We have designated
Field of study - proper names as a layer of vocabulary closely related to the life of each person.
Object of study - the system of nicknames that exist in school adolescence at a given time.
Research base - Pupils of 6-8 grades MBOU secondary school №2, Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk region. We were interested in the problem of using nicknames by schoolchildren
We consider this problem urgent:
Nicknames are most common among schoolchildren;
The nature of the emergence of nicknames is interesting, and acquaintance with this phenomenon can expand knowledge about the lexical composition of the language, that is, deepen knowledge of the Russian language as a whole;
The study of the nicknames of schoolchildren allows you to connect linguistic knowledge with life, apply existing knowledge in practice, increase observation (find interesting and unexplored next to yourself);
The work on the research topic will help to clarify the attitude of schoolchildren to nicknames and identify problems of student communication.
The hypothesis that
Tasks:
1. Study popular science literature on this topic;
2. Conduct a survey to study the characteristics of nicknames; 3. Make a card index of school nicknames;
4. Determine if all schoolchildren in adolescence have nicknames;
5. Establish the origin of the nicknames, when they appeared;
6. Analyze the attitude of schoolchildren to nicknames.
Research stages. Research methods
Study of popular science literature, selection of theoretical material.
Conducting a survey, processing the results.
Writing a research paper.
Research methods:
Information collection method (study of popular science literature, observation);
Questioning;
Comparison;
Statistical research (counting, computing).
Theoretical information From the history of the proper name
The names of people are part of the history of the people. Every person living on Earth has at least one name. A person's name is a kind of social sign. It is customary to cherish them. History knows many examples when a fierce struggle was going on for the right to bear this or that name or surname. Even in low-civilized tribes, the nameless person loses many of his rights. A simple example: among the Kwakiutl Indians, a borrower should not pledge something, but his name! And until he returns the debt, all members of the tribe consider this person nameless and do not call him by name. When parents choose a name for a child, they want it to be kind, affectionate, memorable, so that, like a verbal talisman, it calls to be happy and wise. The name is given to a person at birth, and the person himself does not in any way determine what his name will be. At a certain period of life, a person is given a nickname in addition to the name given at birth. Why is this happening?
The difference between names and nicknames
The proper name has a general meaning, without indicating the distinguishing feature of people who bear the same name. In addition, people with different external characteristics and different internal qualities may have the same name. The connection between the name and the person who carries this name is rather vague and approximate. The speakers do not know why this person is named that way and not otherwise. As confirmation of this, an excerpt from L. Carroll's fairy tale "Alice Through the Looking Glass": “- My name is Alice, and I ... - Quite a stupid name! - Humpty interrupted her impatiently. - What does it mean? - Does the name have to mean anything? - asked a puzzled Alice. “Without a doubt,” Humpty Dumpty snorted. - Personally, my name indicates the form that is inherent in me. Awesome shape! And with a name like yours, you can turn out to be any shape you want, even the ugliest. " A nickname is a person's unofficial name. Unlike a name, a nickname reflects the real properties and qualities of a person, thus fixing a special meaning that these properties and qualities had for others. In the dictionary of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, the following definition is given: "A nickname is a name given to a person according to some characteristic feature or property." Before the adoption of Christianity in Russia, such names were widespread that reflected various properties and qualities of people, features of character, behavior, speech, physical advantages and disadvantages, the time and sequence of the appearance of a child in the family. For example, in antiquity (before the adoption of Christianity) Russians had personal names Bear, Wolf, Hare, Korob, Zhdan, Menshoy, etc. After the adoption of Christianity, such names could be given as nicknames: Bear - to a large strong man, Wolf - to a lonely and to some extent predatory, Hare is a small person, cowardly, Korob is dense, striving to save everything. There were also nicknames by profession: Turner, Leatherworker, Carpenter. Such nicknames passed on to the descendants of the named and turned into surnames.
Features of nicknames as a linguistic phenomenon
A nickname is an eternal phenomenon, it exists always and everywhere and can arise in any team. Even in a randomly assembled group of people (in a store, at a train station), one of those present can easily get a nickname, standing out from the crowd with their appearance, conspicuous behavior, mobility, speech, etc. Such nicknames do not last long. People disperse and the nickname is forgotten. But where people are in constant communication with each other, nicknames can be stable. Nicknames are stable for some people with a characteristic appearance or manners. N.V. Gogol wrote: “The Russian people are expressing themselves strongly! And if he rewards someone with a word, then it will go to his family and posterity, he will drag him away with him to the service, and to retirement, and to Petersburg, and to the end of the world, and no matter how cunning and ennoble your field, - nothing will help: he will croak the nickname for itself into the crow's throat and say clearly where the bird flew from. " ("Dead Souls", v.1, ch.5) Children receive their first nicknames from their parents and close people. Each young child is given a different name, none of which is his official name (toddler, fidget, bib). There are personal nicknames and group nicknames (family, generic, collective). For example, "primer" (primary school children - a collective nickname). But how do nicknames come about? Research by scientists has shown that there are four basic principles of the origin of nicknames: in appearance, in place of birth, in character, in type of activity. But there are other nominations: for physical, intellectual qualities, for events or an incident in life. As a rule, a nickname appears in a person during adolescence. Nicknames are an extremely important part of the children's world. Nicknames are invented by children for children and become a model of a subtle and sophisticated system. The functions they perform at the same time: - nominating micro-community leaders, - singling out from the group of rejected people, - distinguishing children with the same names, - emphasizing continuity along the ancestral line, - teasing and humiliation, - showing sympathy.
Practical research
1.Surname. Name. Middle name. 2. Class. 3. Do you have a nickname? 4. What is your nickname? 5. When did you get it? (at school (class), before school) 6. Who gave you the nickname? 7. Why did you get it? (according to family data, in appearance, in character traits, in the ancestral tradition, the incident happened to you, another) 8. Have you changed your nickname? 9. Do you find him offensive? 10. Do you call anyone by your nickname? 11. Have you given a nickname to anyone? 12. How do you feel about having a nickname? (offended, do not pay attention, be humorous, proud) 13. Do you know all the nicknames of the students in your class? 14. Do you know the nicknames of children from other classes?
After collecting and analyzing information (254 students in grades 6-8 were interviewed) on the stated topic, we found the following: 32% of respondents have nicknames, of whom 28% consider them offensive. 24% of the survey participants stated the need for this phenomenon, the rest were divided as follows: 45% define nicknames as unnecessary, and 31% are indifferent. Among the criteria by which nicknames are given, the peculiarities of the surname (50%) and first name (22%) prevail, but appearance and actions divided the remaining percentages in half (14% each).
Previous studies noted an increased level of students' interest in giving and wearing nicknames, but now the results of the survey give the right to declare a decrease in the popularity of this phenomenon. 23% of respondents are proud of the presence of a nickname or consider it popular, but 54% of students note disrespect or an insult to their person, 31% agree with the existence of such a phenomenon in the children's collective. It should be noted that in relation to age - class parallels, the indicators of attitudes towards nicknames as a social phenomenon differ. So, for example, students in grades 6 (102 respondents) are actively involved in determining nicknames and especially emotionally react to their presence. But by the 8th grade (65 people took part in the survey), the indicators of active response to nicknames decrease and there is no need for them. But in each parallel, the majority of students believe that "a nickname is always bad, because a person has his own name."
How do nicknames affect children? (opinion of a school psychologist)
The nickname may be as pleasant for a person as it can inflict terrible psychological trauma on him. But the main thing is this reaction of the person himself to the nickname. It depends on the temperament of the person - the melancholic, for example, will cry, and the choleric will get into a fight, as well as on the relationship with the person who gave the nickname. Basically, nicknames appear at a transitional age, when communication with others is very important for a person, and nickname exchange becomes a kind of game. But sometimes a nickname is so attached to a person that few people call him by name, and the name, which itself contains an emotional connotation, fades into the background. A nickname is not always a bad thing, because a person has his own name.
Advice:1. Do not give in to emotions, do not pay attention to offensive words; 2. Learn to respond to the offender so that he no longer has a desire to pester you; 3. Go to the offender and ask why he says this about you; 4. Never offend another, do not give him a nickname, because you can be in his place.
Conclusion
Like many other social phenomena, the nickname system is probably not only a form of solidarity, but also a source of other forms of social activity, such as teasing and humiliation. The same nickname can serve as a manifestation of sympathy and be a means of insult. Although the insult is a kind of recognition, in this case, those who are denied the nickname are not recognized at all or hesitated to admit its presence.
Nicknames are given at different periods of life, and are most often known to a rather limited circle of people. For example, as studies have shown, only the class team or only friends. Some have several nicknames, each of which is associated with belonging to a particular group.
Who comes up with nicknames? There is someone who has been given a kind of nickname by the children's collective. Everyone else's attempts to come up with nicknames usually end in failure.
A nickname can be both pleasant to a person and inflict terrible psychological trauma on him. But the main thing is this reaction of the person himself to the nickname. As we can see, this phenomenon is ineradicable, therefore, you need to learn to control your emotions.
Bibliography
Gogol "Dead Souls" .- M., 2004.
Gorbanevsky M.V. In the world of names and titles. - M., 1983.
Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 1984.
V.I. Kodukhov Stories about synonyms. - M., 1984.
Carroll "Alice Through the Looking Glass"
D.E. Rosenthal Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. - M., 1976.
Suslova A.V., Superanskaya A.V. Modern Russian surnames. - M., 1984.
The secret power of the name. V. A. Mironov. - M., 2000.
Russian language textbook Grade 6: Razumovskaya M.M. Lvova S.I. V. I. Kapinos Lvov V.V.
Edition: M .: Bustard, 2014
Shansky N.M. Words born in October. - M., 1980.
School folklore A.F.Belousov
Linguistics. Susanina, Akulenko.
WORLD OF SCHOOL NAMES
Performed:
Kurepina Daria,
student of grade 9 "A"
MOU SOSH No. 42
Head: Vasilieva A.K., teacher of the Russian language
MOU SOSH No. 42
My name is Alice and I ...
“Quite a stupid name!” Humpty interrupted her impatiently. - What does it mean?
- Does the name have to mean anything? - asked a puzzled Alice.
- Without a doubt, - Humpty-Dumpty snorted. - Personally, my name indicates the form that is inherent in me. Awesome shape! And with a name like yours, you can turn out to be whatever shape you want, even the ugliest.
L. Carroll "Alice Through the Looking Glass"
Purpose of the study:
To study the presence of nicknames and the peculiarities of their origin among schoolchildren in grades 6, 7, and 9, to analyze the attitude of schoolchildren to nicknames.
There is an opinion that a nickname is an eternal category, it exists always and everywhere, nicknames are especially widespread among schoolchildren. Is it so?
Tasks:
study popular science literature on this topic;
conduct a survey to study the characteristics and origins of nicknames;
to identify whether all schoolchildren in adolescence have nicknames;
compile a card index of school nicknames;
to analyze the attitude of schoolchildren to nicknames;
pick up psychological advice for guys who do not accept their nickname.
STAGES OF THE PROJECT
Own name
verbal talisman
given without the participation of the carrier
THE HISTORY OF ANNOUNCEMENT
Until the 10th century, the personal names of our ancestors were various signs of people, their actions, as well as objects of the outside world: Zavyal - lethargic, Balush - a spoiled person, Yarukha - evil, Batura - stubborn.
After the baptism of Rus in the 10th century, among the Russians and other Eastern Slavs, the church introduced personal names in honor of Orthodox saints: Alexander, Peter (Greek), Victor, Marina, Tatiana (Latin); Svyatoslav, Love (Slav.)
After the adoption of Christianity, the names "pre-Christian" began to be given as nicknames for appearance, physical disabilities, certain qualities, at the place of residence, because of superstitions: the nicknames of the village of Reshetiha: Karsaki, Pirozhok, Bublik.
WHAT IS A NAME? A nickname is a name given to a person by some characteristic trait or property.
(Dictionary edited by S. I. Ozhegov)
WHAT IS DIFFERENT
A nickname on behalf of?
NUMBER GROUPS
SCHOOL NAME Nicknames are an extremely important part of the children's world. They are invented by children for children and exist in all schools, in all classes, cities and villages. Sometimes a nickname is so firmly assigned to a person that they generally cease to be called by name. There are quite popular nicknames - Crybaby, Yabeda, Small, Gray.
Slide number 10
STUDENTS READ ...
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Slide number 12
CLASSIFICATION
SCHOOL NAMES OF STUDENTS If earlier nicknames were given by the name or profession of an ancestor and were inherited, now most of the nicknames are given to schoolchildren from their surnames and names, for example, Kulasha (Sergey Kulagin), Dron (Alexander Doronichev), Hottabych (Anton Khabarov), Suslik ( Anya Suleimanova), Karas (Mikhail Karimov), Simon (Evgeny Simonov), Matvey (Sergey Matveev).
In second place are the nicknames given to schoolchildren by their appearance: 220 volts, Doggie, Long-legged, Poodle.
The next place is occupied by nicknames, data on actions, character traits and, depending on the case: Pushkobryuk, Garik, Valya, Get-fan.
Some of the guys chose nicknames for themselves - nicknames used in Internet communication: cafe,
Niki, Kenny, dj Mix
Nicknames are created by schoolchildren very actively, which is explained by the psychological properties of adolescent children - the desire for the unusual, new.
Slide number 13
Slide number 14
PSYCHOLOGIST'S ADVICE
Slide number 15
SUMMARY A person's nickname is more than just a means of communication. A nickname can arise both as a result of a long observation of a person, and instantly, by chance, when a well-spoken word is picked up by others.
Like many other social phenomena, the nickname system is not only a form of solidarity, but also, for example, teasing and humiliation. The same nickname can serve as a manifestation of sympathy and be a means of insult.
Nicknames are invented by someone who is allowed to be nicknamed by the children's community. Everyone else's attempts fail.
When studying proper names in the textbook of the Russian language of grade 5 in the vocabulary section, we find only one thing that names, patronymics, surnames are written with a capital letter, no more information is given.
However, the study of nicknames is necessary, as nicknames are widespread in the school environment. Especially during adolescence. Sometimes nicknames are the cause of disagreements and discord among schoolchildren, create difficulties in communication, since the student may assess his nickname as offensive.
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The world of school nicknames Completed by: Morozova Karina, student of the 6th grade MBOU "Ukrainian secondary school" Kosikhinsky district of Altai Territory Head: Starikova T.V.
The Russian people are strongly expressed! And if he rewards someone with a word, then it will go to his generation and posterity. And where can be apt ... - you are outlined in one line from head to toe! N.V. Gogol
Research area - proper names as a layer of vocabulary closely related to the life of each person. The object of the research is the nickname system that exists in school adolescence at a given period of time. The research base is students in grades 5-11.
The relevance of the study of nicknames of schoolchildren allows you to connect linguistic knowledge with life, increases observation and teaches you to find interesting and unexplored next to yourself. Nicknames are a widespread phenomenon among schoolchildren, they are present everywhere, acquaintance with this phenomenon will help expand knowledge of the lexical composition of the Russian language. work on the topic will make it possible to find out the attitude of schoolchildren to nicknames and, therefore, to identify the problems that arise in the process of communication between children when using nicknames.
Purpose of the study To study the presence of nicknames among schoolchildren in grades 5-10, to identify the features of the use of nicknames and attitudes towards them.
Research objectives: Conduct a survey among students in order to study the characteristics of nicknames. Make a card index of school nicknames. Find out if all schoolchildren in adolescence have nicknames. Analyze the attitude of students to nicknames.
Research stages January-February - study of popular science literature, selection of theoretical material. March - conducting a survey, processing the results. April-May - writing a research paper.
Information collection method (study of popular science literature, observation) analysis; comparison; Research methods: questionnaire statistical research (counting, calculations).
Information from dictionaries A nickname is a name given to a person by some characteristic trait. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. A nickname is a name given to a person according to some characteristic feature of his. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. A nickname is a name given to a person in addition to his name, usually indicating some noticeable feature of his character, appearance, activity. Ushakov D.N. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.
The History of Nicknames The emergence of nicknames is a phenomenon that is present everywhere. Nicknames were given by the name or profession of an ancestor and were inherited. Now most of the nicknames are given to schoolchildren from their names and surnames. Unlike the name, the nickname reflects not the desirable, but the real properties and qualities of the wearer and captures the special meaning that these properties and qualities had for others. Nicknames can be given to people at different periods of their lives, and in many cases are known to a limited circle of people.
Bibliography. N.V. Gogol wrote: “The Russian people are expressing themselves strongly! And if he rewards someone with a word, then it will go to his family and posterity, he will drag him away with him to the service, and to retirement, and to Petersburg, and to the end of the world, and no matter how cunning and ennoble your field, - nothing will help: he will croak the nickname for itself into the crow's throat and say clearly where the bird flew from. " ("Dead Souls", vol. 1, ch. 5)
School Nicknames Nicknames are an extremely important part of the kids' world. Nicknames are invented by children for children. Nicknames exist in all schools, in all classes, cities and villages. It happens that a nickname is so firmly assigned to a person that they stop calling him by name. Crybaby
According to the guys, a nickname is a nickname a person's middle name pseudonym secret name nickname
In the work of the linguist K. N. Davydova, nicknames are divided into three groups: 1) nicknames that refer to residents of some settlements as a whole 2) nicknames related to individual families - "family nicknames" 3) nicknames referring to individuals, - "personal nicknames" Nicknames that give a specific evaluative characteristic of individuals: 1. By outward appearance 2. By various (more often negative) character traits, behavior 3. By internal qualities 4. By the peculiarities of speech 5. By the place of former residence 6 . By the nickname of any of the relatives 7. About derived from the surname, name
School nicknames Other reasons 2 pers. - 10% Named 3 people - 15% In appearance 7 people. 35% From the last name 8 people. - 40% By nature 1 person - 5 %
Results of the survey I conducted a survey among students in grades 5-11 of our school. 1. Are nicknames necessary? This question was answered "YES" (35%) of the students. 2. Nicknames are not needed - 55% of respondents answered.
The presence of nicknames The questionnaires showed that 20 out of 36 respondents have nicknames (in fact, much more, since some guys do not know that they have nicknames or are simply shy about their nicknames). Of them, 1 person considers it offensive, the rest are not offended. Sometimes they get offended - 2 people answered. 9 people got used to it.
Questionnaire of students Do the children themselves use nicknames? I received the following answers to this question: 1. I never use it, since there is a name for this - 14 people. 2. I use it, unless a person is against - 21 people. 3. I use it, even if a person does not like it - 1 person.
Rolan Bykov's film "Scarecrow", based on the story of Zheleznyakov, is one of the clearest examples of the negative impact of the nickname. It became one of the important factors in the attitude towards the main character, a 12-year-old girl, which almost led to a tragedy. Lena, like her grandfather, attaches much more importance to the inner content and moral health of her personality than to her appearance. Experiencing mistrust, envy, ill will, misunderstanding or even cruelty on the part of the adolescents around her, the betrayal of the boy who caused her a feeling of first love, Lena shows everyone an impressive example of disinterestedness, frankness, and human dignity. But everyone was teasing her Scarecrow.
Conclusions So, we can conclude that a person's nickname is something more than just a means of communication. A nickname can arise both as a result of a long observation of a person, and instantly, by chance, when a well-spoken word is picked up by others. The same nickname can serve as a manifestation of sympathy and be a means of insult.
Conclusions: Nicknames are one of the forms of communication in the school environment. 5% of children do not use their first name, 35% of schoolchildren consider nicknames to be a normal phenomenon, 38% of students have a negative attitude to nicknames.
After analyzing school nicknames, finding out the reason for their appearance, I want to suggest the children not to react painfully to them, but to treat them with a certain amount of humor.
Research area - proper names as a layer of vocabulary closely related to the life of each person. The object of the research is the nickname system that exists in school adolescence at a given period of time. The research base is students in grades 5-11.
The relevance of the study of nicknames of schoolchildren allows you to connect linguistic knowledge with life, increases observation and teaches you to find interesting and unexplored next to yourself. Nicknames are a widespread phenomenon among schoolchildren, they are present everywhere, acquaintance with this phenomenon will help expand knowledge of the lexical composition of the Russian language. work on the topic will make it possible to find out the attitude of schoolchildren to nicknames and, therefore, to identify problems that arise in the process of communication between children when using nicknames.
OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH: Conduct a survey among students in order to study the characteristics of nicknames. Make a card index of school nicknames. Determine if all schoolchildren in adolescence have nicknames. Analyze the attitude of students to nicknames.
Information from dictionaries A nickname is a name given to a person by some characteristic feature. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. A nickname is a name given to a person according to some characteristic feature of his. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. A nickname is a name given to a person in addition to his name, usually indicating any noticeable feature of his character, appearance, activity. Ushakov D.N. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.
The History of Nicknames The emergence of nicknames is a phenomenon that is present everywhere. Nicknames were given by the name or profession of an ancestor and were inherited. Now most of the nicknames are given to schoolchildren from their names and surnames. Unlike the name, the nickname reflects not the desirable, but the real properties and qualities of the wearer and captures the special meaning that these properties and qualities had for others. Nicknames can be given to people at different times in their lives, and in many cases are known to a limited circle of people.
Bibliography. N.V. Gogol wrote: “The Russian people are expressing themselves strongly! And if he rewards someone with a word, then it will go to his family and posterity, he will drag him with him to the service, and to retirement, and to Petersburg, and to the ends of the world, and no matter how cunning and ennoble your field afterwards, - nothing will help: he will croak the nickname for itself into the crow's throat and say clearly where the bird flew from. " ("Dead Souls", vol. 1, ch. 5)
In the work of the linguist K. N. Davydova, nicknames are divided into three groups: 1) nicknames that refer to residents of some settlements as a whole 2) nicknames related to individual families - "family nicknames" 3) nicknames referring to individuals, - "personal nicknames" Nicknames that give a specific evaluative characteristic of individuals: 1. By outward sign 2. By various (more often negative) character traits, behavior 3. By internal qualities 4. By the peculiarities of speech 5. By the place of former residence 6 . By the nickname of any of the relatives 7. Formed from the last name, first name
Results of the survey I conducted a survey among schoolchildren in our school's classes. 1. Are nicknames necessary? This question was answered "YES" (35%) of the students. 2. Nicknames are not needed - 55% of respondents answered.
The presence of nicknames The questionnaires showed that 20 out of 36 respondents have nicknames (in fact, much more, since some guys do not know that they have nicknames or are simply shy about their nicknames). Of them, 1 person considers it offensive, the rest are not offended. Sometimes they get offended - 2 people answered. 9 people got used to it.
Questionnaire of students Do the children themselves use nicknames? I received the following answers to this question: 1. I never use it, since there is a name for this - 14 people. 2. I use it, unless a person is against - 21 people. 3. I use it, even if a person does not like it - 1 person.
Rolan Bykov's film "Scarecrow", based on the story of Zheleznyakov, is one of the clearest examples of the negative impact of the nickname. It became one of the important factors in the attitude towards the main character, a 12-year-old girl, which almost led to a tragedy. Lena, like her grandfather, attaches much more importance to the inner content and moral health of her personality than to her appearance. Experiencing mistrust, envy, ill will, misunderstanding or even cruelty on the part of the adolescents around her, the betrayal of the boy who caused her a feeling of first love, Lena shows everyone an impressive example of disinterestedness, frankness, and human dignity. But everyone was teasing her Scarecrow.
Conclusions So, we can conclude that a person's nickname is something more than just a means of communication. A nickname can arise both as a result of a long observation of a person, and instantly, by chance, when a well-spoken word is picked up by others. The same nickname can serve as a manifestation of sympathy and be a means of insult.
Leader:
teacher of Russian language and literature.
S. Gonokhovo-2013
Introduction 3
1. Choosing a problem topic 4
1.1. Research area, research object 4
1.2. Relevance of the topic 4
1.3. Formulation of the goal and objectives of the study 5
1.4 .. Research stages. Research methods 5
2. Theoretical research 6
2.1. From the history of its own name 6
2.2. The difference between a name and a nickname 6-7
2.3. Features of nicknames as a linguistic phenomenon 7
3. Case Studies 9
3.1. Conducting a survey with a view to
Finding out the presence of nicknames in schoolchildren 9
Finding out the time and reasons for the appearance of nicknames 9
Finding out the attitude of schoolchildren to nicknames
4. Conclusions
5. Application
6. List of used literature
Introduction
In linguistics, a special branch is distinguished - onomastics, which studies its own names. The proper names of people are studied by her section - anthroponymics.
Researches of scientists in these areas are widely represented in scientific manuals, but in the school course of the Russian language there is not enough information about proper names. The reasons for the emergence of nicknames have not been investigated at all. When studying proper names in the textbook of the Russian language in the section Vocabulary, we find only one thing that nicknames are written with a capital letter, no more information is given.
However, the study of nicknames is necessary, as nicknames are widespread in the school environment. Especially during adolescence. Sometimes they (nicknames) are the cause of disagreements and discord among schoolchildren, create difficulties in communication, since the student may assess his nickname as offensive.
This led to the choice of the topic of my research work: "The history of the emergence of school nicknames."
1. Choosing a problem topic
An object research - the system of nicknames that exists in school adolescence at a given time.
Subject of study - students of grades 1-10 of the Gonokhov secondary school.
1.2. Relevance:
Nicknames are widespread among schoolchildren, however, their origin, features are poorly studied and are not sufficiently represented in school textbooks of the Russian language.
The emergence of nicknames is a phenomenon that is present everywhere, and acquaintance with this phenomenon will help expand knowledge about the lexical composition of the language and deepen knowledge of the Russian language in general.
Work on the topic allows you to find out the attitude of schoolchildren to nicknames, and, therefore, it is possible to identify problems that arise in the process of communication of children when using nicknames.
1.3. Purpose of the study
To study the presence of nicknames and the peculiarities of their origin in schoolchildren of grades 1-10, to analyze the attitude towards nicknames.
Hypothesis
Tasks:
- study popular science literature on this topic; conduct a survey to study the characteristics of nicknames; compile a card index of school nicknames; identify whether all schoolchildren in adolescence have nicknames; establish what is the origin of the nicknames when they appeared; to analyze the attitude of schoolchildren to nicknames.
Research methods:
Information collection method (study of popular science literature, observation);
Questioning;
Comparison;
Statistical research (counting, computing).
2. Theoretical information
2.1. From the history of your own name
People's names are part of the history of the people. Every person living on Earth has at least one name. A person's name is a kind of social sign. It is customary to cherish them. History knows many examples when there was a fierce struggle for the right to bear this or that name or surname. Even in low-civilized tribes, the nameless person loses many of his rights. A simple example: from the Indians, a borrower should not pledge something, but his name! And until he returns the debt, all members of the tribe consider this person nameless and do not call him by name.
When parents choose a name for a child, they want it to be kind, affectionate, memorable, so that, like a verbal talisman, it calls to be happy and wise.
The name is given to a person at birth, and the person himself does not in any way determine what his name will be. At a certain period of life, a person is given a nickname in addition to the name given at birth.
2.2. The difference between a name and nicknames
Nickname - the unofficial name of the person. Unlike a name, a nickname reflects the real properties and qualities of a person, thus fixing the special meaning that these properties and qualities had for others.
In the dictionary of Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, the following definition is given: "A nickname is a name given to a person according to some characteristic trait, property."
Before the adoption of Christianity in Russia, such names were widespread that reflected various properties and qualities of people, features of character, behavior, speech, physical advantages and disadvantages, the time and sequence of the appearance of a child in the family. For example, in antiquity (before the adoption of Christianity), Russians had personal names Bear, Wolf, Hare, Korob, Lesser, etc. After the adoption of Christianity, such names could be given as nicknames: Bear - a large strong man, Wolf - lonely and in what - to the least predatory, the Hare is a small person, cowardly, Korob is dense, striving to save everything. There were also nicknames by profession: Turner, Leatherworker, Carpenter. Such nicknames passed on to the descendants of the named and turned into surnames.
2.3. Features of nicknames as a linguistic phenomenon
A nickname is an eternal phenomenon, it exists always and everywhere and can occur in any team. Even in a randomly assembled group of people (in a store, at a train station), one of those present can easily get a nickname, standing out from the crowd with their appearance, conspicuous behavior, mobility, speech, etc. Such nicknames do not last long. People disperse and the nickname is forgotten. But where people are in constant communication with each other, nicknames can be stable. Nicknames are stable for some people with a characteristic appearance or manners.
wrote: “The Russian people are expressing themselves strongly! And if he rewards someone with a word, then it will go to his family and posterity, he will drag him away with him to the service, and to retirement, and to Petersburg, and to the end of the world, and no matter how cunning and ennoble your field, - nothing will help: he will croak the nickname for itself into the crow's throat and say clearly where the bird flew from. " ("Dead Souls", vol. 1, ch. 5)
Children receive their first nicknames from their parents and loved ones. Each small child is given a different name, none of which is his official name (toddler, fidget, bib).
There are personal nicknames and group nicknames (family, generic, collective). For example, "primer" (primary school children - a collective nickname). But how do nicknames come about? Research by scientists has shown that there are four basic principles of the origin of nicknames: in appearance, in place of birth, in character, in type of activity. But there are other nominations: for physical, intellectual qualities, for events or an incident in life.
As a rule, a nickname appears in a person during adolescence. Nicknames are an extremely important part of the children's world. Nicknames are invented by children for children and become a model of a subtle and sophisticated system. The functions they perform in this case:
Group leader promotion,
Singling out from the group of rejected people,
Distinguishing children with the same name,
Emphasizing ancestral lineage,
Teasing and humiliation
Showing sympathy.
Conclusions.
My hypothesis turned out to be correct: nicknames can be given to people at different periods of their life, and in many cases they are known to a rather limited circle of people. For example, only the class team or only friends. Most often, nicknames are harmless, they are given at school, which is why only a few are offended by the nicknames given to them.
Bibliography
1. Golanov's words arise. - M., 1989.
2. In the world of names and titles. - M., 1983.
3. Codes of synonyms. - M., 1984.
4. . Dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 1984.
5. Rosenthal - a reference book of linguistic terms. - M., 1976.
6., Superanskaya Russian surnames. - M., 1984.
7. Shansky, born in October. - M., 1980.
application
1. Surname. Name. Middle name.
3. Do you have a nickname?
4. What is your nickname?
5. When did you get it? (at school (class), before school)
6. Who gave you the nickname?
7. Why did you get it? (according to the family data, according to the features of appearance, according to the character trait, according to the ancestral tradition, the incident happened to you, another)
8. Have you changed your nickname?
9. Do you find him offensive?
11. Do you call someone by your nickname?
12. Have you given someone a nickname?
13. How do you feel about having a nickname? (offended, do not pay attention, treat with humor, be proud)
14. Do you know all the nicknames of the students in your class?
15. Do you know the nicknames of children from other classes?
application
School nicknames file
nickname | |||
Glushkov Evgeniy | |||
Mukhin Alexander | |||
Nuriev Ramil | |||
Melnikov Nikita | |||
Andrienko Dmitry | |||
Vorobyova Olga | Sparrow | ||
Glushkova Julia | Pill | ||
Schmidt Alexander | |||
Pavlov Alexander | |||
Burnistov Evgeniy | |||
Dronin Kirill | |||
Cousin Larissa | |||
Trojan Gleb | |||
Goryainov Dmitry | |||
Vasiliev Nikita | |||
Denges Denis | |||
Kochegarova Tatiana | |||
Marina Koscheeva | |||
Kobozev Alexander | |||
Kuzin Vyacheslav | |||
Mikhonin Alexander | |||
Serebrennikov Kirill | Kirieshka | ||
Alexey Snytka | |||
Schreiner Alexander | |||
Zimin Alexey | Gardener, Racehorse | ||
Kotykhina Lilia | |||
Kharitonova Anastasia | |||
Kuzin Denis | |||
Melnikov Alexander | |||
Simonenko Evgeniy | |||
Sharavin Vitaly | Zeleboba | ||
Sharavin Evgeniy |
application
Surname, name | Nickname | When appeared | Who gave the nickname | Nomination type |
Attitude |
Glushkov Evgeniy | By surname | Take offense |
|||
Mukhin Alexander | By surname | ||||
Bayunov Kirill | By surname | ||||
Melnikov Nikita | Classmate | By personality quality | |||
Nuriev Ramil | |||||
Andrienko Dmitry | Classmate | Runs fast | Take offense |
||
Serebrennikov Anatoly | Dumpling | Full strongly | |||
Mikhonina Alena | Classmate | By surname | Take offense |
||
Vorobyova Olga | Classmates | By surname | Take offense |
||
Schmidt Alexander | Classmates | By surname | |||
Pavlov Alexander | Classmates | In appearance | |||
Zimin Alexey | Gardener | Classmate | Ran with a hoe | Take offense |
|
Kotykhina Lilia | Classmate | Got used to |
|||
Kharitonova Anastasia | Classmates | By surname | Got used to |
||
Schreiner Alexander | Classmate | By behavior | |||
Mikhonin Alexander | |||||
Vasiliev Nikita | Classmates | By surname | |||
Serebrennikov Kirill | Classmates | ||||
Kochegarova Tatiana | Because of the haircut | Got used to |
|||
Marina Koscheeva | Classmates | By surname | Got used to |
||
Denges Denis | Classmates | By behavior | |||
Kuzin Vyacheslav | Classmates | By skin color | |||
Kobozev Alexander | Classmates | By surname | |||
Dronin Kirill | Classmates | ||||
Burnistov Evgeniy | Classmates | By surname | |||
Cousin Larissa | Classmates | By surname | Got used to |
||
Trojan Gleb | |||||
Melnikov Alexander | Classmates | By behavior | |||
Simonenko Evgeniy | Classmates | By surname | |||
Sharavin Vitaly | Ziliboba | Walked in all green | |||
Sharavin Evgeniy | By surname |
