The Caucasian Prisoner Literature Project. Presentation for the lesson "Leo Tolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy 1828-1910

Zhilin and Kostylin -

two different characters

Prisoner of the Caucasus

How we will work in the lesson

• Read carefully
• Write competently
• Speak clearly, understandably
• Listen carefully

Elevated

Ready to co-create

lines of the biography of the writer, the content of 1 part of the story, what is the antithesis

analyze what you read, express your thoughts, evaluate the actions of the characters, work in a group

Getting ready for work

Exercise for the brain Why is the story called "Prisoner of the Caucasus"?

The story is set in the Caucasus Mountains

Tolstoy hints that Zhilin was taken prisoner not only physically, but also mentally

Why in the lesson dedicated to the story of Leo Tolstoy, Are there images of A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov? Catch the mistake!

The theme of cruelty and war is of great importance in creativity

The great writer Leo Tolstoy grew up in Yasnaya Polyana near Moscow

In the same place in his house, he organized a school for peasant children.

The story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" was written for adults

In his Caucasian stories, Tolstoy embellishes, depicting the mountaineers

Tolstoy was respectful of the mountain peoples, and their customs and way of life

He believed that the enmity between peoples would continue

Story story

Lev Tolstoy

and Sado Meserbiev - two kunaks

Lexical work

captured, slave

Antithesis -

Prisoner -

Capture -

this opposition

1) capture, 2) seduce, attract, subjugate

captured, slave

1) what happened in reality happened in reality

2) a story about an actual event, incident

Flight of an eagle Physiotherapy for eyes

Thank you charging!

Eyes ok

Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin Group work

• Describe, how the trip of Zhilin and Kostylin begins
• Analyzehow the appearance, the names of Zhilin and Kostylin help to understand the character of the heroes.
• Compare,how Zhilin and Kostylin behave when they notice Tatars
• Argument is it good or bad that Zhilin and Kostylin decide to break away from the convoy

How can you explain that under the same conditions, two people behave differently?

Five verses or syncwine

Kostylin

• 1 noun
• 2 adjectives
• 3 verbs
• a 4-word phrase that expresses an attitude towards a given topic
• 1 word - a synonym for the first word

Discuss the work in groups, choose one of the most interesting

Reflection How did we work in the lesson? What did I understand from the chapters I read? How do I assess the actions of the heroes? What have we learned? Internet resources http://fanread.ru/img/g/?src\u003d11235040&i\u003d260&ext\u003djpg http://www.a4format.ru/index_pic.php?data\u003dphotos/4194dd05.jpg&percenta\u003d1.00 http://museumpsk.wmsite.ru/_mod_files/ce_images/111/498750_photoshopia.ru_251_zaron_p._a._s._pushkin_na_severnom_kavkaze.jpg https://a.wattpad.com/cover/25475816-368-k327538.jpg https://a.wattpad.com/cover/49226435-368-k629910.jpg http://www.krimoved-library.ru/images/ka2002/1-3.jpg http://rostov-text.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/sado.jpg https://static.life.ru/posts/2016/07/875153/35fc09a2dae9b33985e6472f3a8a2bca__980x.jpg http://s1.iconbird.com/ico/2013/6/355/w128h1281372334739plus.png http://www.iconsearch.ru/uploads/icons/realistik-new/128x128/edit_remove.png http://feb-web.ru/feb/lermenc/pictures/lre166-1.jpg http://www.planetaskazok.ru/images/stories/tolstoyL/kavkazskii_plennik/53.jpg http://russkay-literatura.ru/images/stories/rus-literatura/lev_tolstoj_kavkazskij_plennik_byl.jpg http://www.planetaskazok.ru/images/stories/tolstoyL/kavkazskii_plennik/50.jpg

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Slide 1

Lev Nikolaevich
Tolstoy
"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
1872
Literata.Ru

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“Zhilin didn’t jump on the horse, they shot him from behind with guns and hit the horse. The horse struck from all over, fell on Zhilin's leg. "

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“Zhilin showed with his lips and hands to give him a drink. The black man understood, laughed, and called someone: "Dina!" A girl came running - thin, thin, about thirteen and looks like a black face ... She was dressed in a long blue shirt, with wide sleeves and without a belt ... "

Slide 4

“The next morning she looks at the dawn. Dina went out the door with a doll. And she has already removed the doll with red rags and shakes it like a child, lulls herself in her own way ”.
“Since then, the glory has gone about Zhilin that he is a master. They began to come to him from distant villages: who will bring the castle, who will bring a watch. "

Slide 5

“I began to look at the Russian side: under my feet there was a river, my own aul, gardens around ... Zhilin began to peer - something loomed in the valley, like smoke from chimneys. And so it seems to him that this is the most - a Russian fortress. "

Slide 6

“I got down under the steep, took a sharp stone, began to turn the lock from the block. And the castle is strong - it won't knock it down, and it's embarrassing. Dina came running, took the stone and said: Give me. She sat on her knees and began to twist. Yes, the little hands are as thin as twigs - there is nothing strength. "

Slide 7

Zhilin
Kostylin
Mother
Dina
Mother
Tatars
care
help
respect
appeals
for help
loves
does not disturb
love, care
kindness

Slide 8

Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin.
kind (thinks about mother);
hopes for himself;
active person;
managed to settle down in the aul;
hard-working, cannot sit around;
helps everyone, even his enemies;
generous, forgave Kostylin.
Zhilin
KOSTYLIN
a weak person, does not hope for himself;
capable of betrayal;
limp, discouraged;
does not accept other people.
DINA
kind, strive to help people;
capable of self-sacrifice.
Tatars
hard-working;
able to understand and appreciate a good person

The theme "Caucasus" is seen in many works of art and literature. Writers, artists, poets came to the Caucasian Mineral Waters for rest and treatment, and this did not go unnoticed. In Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk and other cities of the KMV there are not only monuments to M.Yu. Lermontov, A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, but also the places where they stayed during their stay there. These places are very attractive to tourists and city residents.

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Monument to Leo Tolstoy in Pyatigorsk

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Near the entrance to the Flower Garden, on the sunny side of the boulevard, there is a large building with a columned portico. This is the oldest public building in Pyatigorsk and the first capital structure at KMV.
Emperor Nicholas I, generals I.F.Paskevich and G.A.Emanuel, Persian prince Khosrov-Mirza, writers Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, L.N. Tolstoy, stayed in this building. V. G. Belinsky, composer M. A. Balakirev, many famous travelers and cultural, scientific and artistic workers of the 19th century. Twice a week, on Thursdays and Sundays, from 8 to 12 pm noble meetings with music and dances were held in the Restaurant. Sometimes visiting musicians and artists performed here. One of the rooms bore the gloomy name of the chambre infernale ("hellish room"), in which there was a gambling card game for money. Expensive residential rooms were rented for no more than 5 days.
State restaurant (Kirova Ave., 30)

Slide 3
In January 1943, during the liberation of Pyatigorsk from the occupation, the building was badly damaged by a fire, in which part of the richest library of the institute, the archives of the KMV and the city were destroyed. Overhaul was carried out in 1953-1955 according to the project of the architect I.G. Shamvritsky. At the same time, the architectural appearance of the building was somewhat changed. The building was expanded and enlarged, new walls, cornices and parts of columns were made. The internal layout was adapted for the needs of the library and departments of the former institute located in it, which was called the Research Institute of Balneology

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Theater House (st.Bernardazzi Brothers, 4)
Many residents of Pyatigorsk still remember the Rodina wide-screen cinema near the Flower Garden, one of the most visited cinemas in the city of the last century. The nondescript-looking building keeps the memory of the distant past, as it was the very first theater building on the KMV. Theatrical life of Pyatigorsk began with the opening of the State Restaurant, where visiting artists and musicians began to perform at noble meetings. However, for a long time there was no special hall intended for the performances of theater companies.
For the first ten years, a visiting drama troupe of Stavropol actors performed at the theater every season, whose repertoire consisted of new plays by N. A. Ostrovsky. In the summer of 1853, a concert by the Danish cellist Elsa Christiani took place here, which was attended by the young Leo Tolstoy.
Later, the cinema "Colosseum" worked here again, which in the pre-war period received the patriotic name "Motherland". It operated until the 1990s, when it was closed for major repairs designed by A.S.Kikhel. The former cinema building is now occupied by the Colosseum nightclub.

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... I'll go to the park in the morning
This is what Tolstoy wrote in his diary on September 12, 1853: “Tomorrow morning I will go to the park, think over the chapter of the Runaway. I'll write it before dinner. " This recording worries everyone who writes about Tolstoy's stay in Pyatigorsk. Based on it, they, repeating each other, argue that the park was the place of creation of a considerable part of the work, known to us as the story "Cossacks", that Tolstoy "loved to walk in the shadow of this park and work on plans and plots of his works."
What park do you mean? Well, of course, the one that today is called the Park of Culture and Rest named after S. M. Kirov. There is no other, it seems, in Pyatigorsk! It got to the point that a few years ago, on May 1 (!), The local lore community solemnly opened a memorial plaque placed at the main entrance to this park - it contains those notorious lines from the diary.

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It is interesting

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I would like to ask: do the initiators of the creation of the board know the full text of Lev Nikolaevich's diaries? It seems that hardly. In this case, they would have read the entry made the next day, September 13, when, in their opinion, the magic lines of the future "Cossacks" were born under the shade of park trees: "In the morning there was a terrible melancholy, after dinner I went to see Bukovsky, Klunnikov ( these faces are unknown to the writer's biographers) ... Then the thought of Marker's Notes came, surprisingly well. He wrote, went to see the Meeting and again wrote Marker's Notes. " This is how Lev Nikolaevich turned out in a completely different way! And he was not in the park, and "The Fugitive" was not considered. True, he worked that day with inspiration. Still, the "Marker Notes" were not "Cossacks", which he continued to ponder, but on other days and in other places.

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And now about the park. According to the dictionary of the Russian language, a park is called "a large garden, a grove with alleys, flower beds, ponds, etc." In the middle of the century before last, our current park was not such. It was a nursery founded in the early 30s - the name given in the report of the Construction Commission dated June 7, 1845, speaks of its purpose: “A state garden with schools of flowers, vines, fruit and gardens and flower beds ”. There weren't even a trace of alleys, ponds, ornamental flower beds, which is confirmed by the plan of Pyatigorsk drawn up in the 50s. There, the green massif in the Podkumka floodplain looks like a continuous mass of plantings, crossed by a single straight path. And, as we can see, it was officially called the "Treasury garden" or "garden school", and in the conversations of residents of Pyatigorsk and visitors "Kazenny garden". The word “garden” in its name was almost preserved until the middle of the 20th century. Even in the 1920s, when this green area has long been actually a park - with alleys, flower beds, ponds and fountains - it was called either the "May 1 Spa Garden" or the "Karl Liebknecht Spa Garden". The park was given the status of a garden in the mid-30s. And only in 1952 it officially became known as a park. And if Tolstoy wanted to visit the Treasury Garden, he would not write “I will go,” but “I will go,” because he was outside the town. It is even less likely that Lev Nikolayevich arbitrarily renamed the garden a park - he was usually quite accurate in designating his places of residence. In this case, what kind of park can we talk about?

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Elizabethan flower garden (beginning of Kirov Ave.)
At the beginning of Kirov Avenue, on the sides of a huge staircase leading to the Academic Gallery, there is an old flower garden overgrown with low trees and shrubs. It is a historical corner of Pyatigorsk.

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Emanuelevsky Park (near the Academic Gallery)
Above the Academic Gallery and on the slopes of the Aeolian Mountain to Lermontovskaya Street, there is the oldest Pyatigorsk Park, which bears the name of its founder - General of the Cavalry Georgy Arsenievich Emanuel (1775-1837), a hero of the Patriotic and Caucasian Wars.

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Most of the winding paths, strewn with fine sand, between the two main springs were lined with vines of climbing grapes on frames that weaved over the heads of pedestrians. Flower beds are arranged between the paths with benches. Young oaks and ash trees predominated among the planted trees. Initially, the top of the Hot Mountain was the best observation deck in the garden, and then the Aeolian Harp gazebo. The new garden was surrounded by a thorny hedgehog fence and high stone walls. During the creation of the garden, secondary mineral springs were discovered, which were named Averin, Nelyubin, Tobia, George and Achilles. These springs were trimmed with cut stone in the form of beautiful water cascades. The St. George source was named after General George Emanuel. The Toviev spring got its name in honor of the governor of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Archimandrite Tobia (Tikhon Moiseyev), who was successfully treated by him in the summer of 1828. A wooden gazebo with benches was arranged next to this key for the archimandrite. Subsequently, the baths arranged in the left wing of the Elizabethan Gallery were named after this popular among the people. The new public garden in 1832 was named Emanuelevsky. This garden and its attractions (Aeolian harp, grottoes, etc.) became the place where the events of Lermontov's story "Princess Mary" took place.

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In the fall of 1853, young Leo Tolstoy sometimes came to this shady park, creating chapters of the stories "Adolescence" and "Cossacks". So, in his diary dated September 12, 1853, he wrote: "Tomorrow morning I will go to the park, think over the chapter ...".

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This vast garden is now known to all residents of Pyatigorsk as the city Park of Culture and Leisure named after S. M. Kirov.
State Garden (Dunaevsky St., 5)

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Diana's Grotto (Park "Flower Garden")
In the southern part of the Park "Flower Garden" there is a shady cool grotto called Diana's Grotto. This is one of the oldest and most famous sights of Pyatigorsk. In the 1810s, a walking path with a staircase began from here, leading to the main Alexander Baths on Goryachaya Gora.
In the summer of 1829 General G. A. Emanuel undertook a military expedition to the foot of Elbrus. The military and scientific expedition to the foot of Elbrus was successful. But its most unexpected result was the first officially registered human ascent to Elbrus. Probably, Emanuel planned to return to the camp at the foot of Elbrus in the near future. However, the difficulties associated with the delivery of slabs to remote places prompted the idea to install them on Hot Waters, building here an artificial triumphal grotto in the shape of Mount Elbrus. However, General Emanuel suddenly abandoned the "two-headed summit" and soon ordered to call the new structure Diana's grotto. According to ancient myths, the goddess Diana preferred to rest in shady grottoes on hot days after swimming.

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Ermolovsky Baths (21 Kirov Ave.)
The building of pine beams on a stone foundation had the shape of a cross in plan, the ends of which were decorated with wide pediments. In the center of the iron roof was a belvedere. The building had many high semicircular windows. Spacious galleries adjoined the north and south façades. A convenient highway was built to it along the slope of the mountain for the access of patients in carriages (now it passes over Diana's grotto).

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Mikhailovskaya Gallery (2 Gagarin Boulevard)
Among the trees of the old park behind the Academic Gallery, there is an extended structure with quaint windows and turrets. In 1824, Doctor F.P. -1849), the younger brother of the then Emperor Alexander I.

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On the Kabardian settlement number 252
Tolstoy gives this address of his residence in a letter to his beloved aunt, T. Ergolskaya. The address, as we can see, is indicated very accurately, and, at first glance, it is not at all difficult to find the house where the writer rented an apartment.
There were a lot of people interested, especially among visitors with a small income - apartments in the suburb were much cheaper than in the city center. Well, living conditions have improved over time. As we know, Lev Nikolayevich anticipated Vereshchagin's advice, because he did not have a lot of money. He describes his dwelling as follows in the story “What happened to Bulka in Pyatigorsk”: “The city itself stands on a mountain, and under the mountain there is a settlement. I lived in this settlement, in a small house. The house stood in the yard and there was a garden in front of the windows, and the owner's bees stood in the garden - not in logs, as in Russia, but in round lashes. " But where was this house after all? Unfortunately, the current order of designation of houses that have their own numbers on each street does not coincide with the time when all houses in the city had a single numbering. Therefore, finding number 252 today seems absolutely impossible. Most local historians only point out that Tolstoy lived at the very foot of Goryachaya Mountain and that snowy mountains on the horizon were supposedly visible from his yard. And the well-known L. Polsky, who was more thoroughly searching for this house, adds that it was presumably located "near the bridge over Podkumok, on Teplosernaya Street."

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Elizabethan Gallery (Beginning of Kirov Ave.)
At the very beginning of Kirov Avenue, in the gully between the Mikhailovsky spur and Goryachaya Gora, there is an extended white-stone arched building of the Academic Gallery, which fits well into the surrounding rocky landscape both from a great distance and looks like a long bridge or aqueduct from above. The very first drinking spring of the resort was once located here.
By the time Tolstoy arrived in Pyatigorsk, a magnificent building of the Elizabethan Gallery had appeared on the site of the Elizabethan spring instead of a canopy for walking.

Slide 19
House of Doctor Drozdov (9 Kirov Ave.)
At the beginning of Kirov Avenue, two houses below the Pushkin Baths, there is one of the oldest residential buildings in Pyatigorsk, on the wall of which there is a memorial plaque about the visit of this house by the young Count Leo Tolstoy.

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In the summer of 1853, the patient of the doctor Drozdov was a young cadet, Count L.N. Tolstoy, the future world famous writer. He visited the Drozdovs' house and played four-handed pieces on the piano with their daughter. Leaving Pyatigorsk, Tolstoy presented doctor Drozdov with a telescope. Later, Klavdia Drozdova, married Lyubomirskaya, became a famous pianist. After the death of the Drozdov couple, the house passed to the former tenant of the state-owned Restaurant Karuta from Odessa. He built a new building in the courtyard of the house with furnished rooms, which in the 1880s were very popular with visitors to the Waters. At the end of the 19th century, the house was owned by Princess E. I. Sultan-Girey. After the revolution, a number of communal apartments were arranged in the buildings of the former Drozdovs' estate. Now the old house is privately owned. In 1988, a memorial plaque was installed on the wall of the house in memory of Leo Tolstoy's visit. It was planned to set up a local Tolstoy museum here.

Slide 21
On November 10 (23), 1910, the writer was buried in Yasnaya Polyana, in the forest, on the edge of a ravine, where as a child he and his brother were looking for a "green stick" that kept a "secret" of how to make all people happy.
Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828 - 1910) Russian writer, prose writer, count.

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Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy "Prisoner of the Caucasus" And as I then believed that there is that green stick on which it is written that should destroy all evil in people and give them great blessing, so I believe now that there is that truth and what will be she is open to people and will give them what she promises. L.N. Tolstoy

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What are the stories of L.N. Do you know Tolstoy? What does the writer appreciate in people, what does he reject? Why is the author addressing children?

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The author claims that people of different nationalities can find mutual understanding, because common human moral values \u200b\u200b- love for work, respect for a person, friendship, honesty, mutual assistance. And on the contrary, evil, enmity, selfishness, self-interest are inherently anti-human. But love is hindered by all sorts of social foundations, ossified national barriers protected by the state and giving rise to false values: the desire for ranks, wealth, career - everything that seems familiar and normal to people. What problems does the author raise in the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus"?

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Can people live in peace and friendship? What separates them and what connects them? Is it possible to overcome the eternal enmity of people with each other? Which people have these qualities, and which do not?

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Different characters, different fates of Zhilin and Kostylin. Zhilin Kostylin Who was the first to decide to go ahead of the detachment? Why? He understands the danger well and relies only on his strength, agility, and the speed of his horse. Impatient, irresponsible, guided by his own whims, and not knowledge of the situation. Capture which hero is braver? "Only an agreement - not to disperse." "I won't give myself up alive!" "It dimmed in his eyes, and staggered." "Instead of waiting, I just saw the Tatars, I rolled that spirit to the fortress." “The horse stood under him, and the gun stopped short.” Conclusion: Zhilin resisted, but it was impossible to escape from the hands of the enemies. Conclusion: the officers were taken prisoner because of the frivolity and cowardice of Kostylin, who was afraid of danger.

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Why Zhilin, seeing the betrayal of Kostylin, thought: “This is bad. The gun is gone ”? Ransom letter. "Eh, it's worse to be shy with them." “If he wants to scare me, then I won't give a dime, and I won't write. I was not afraid, and I will not be afraid of you dogs. " “Zhilin wrote a letter, but on the letter he did not write it that way, so that it would not get through. He thinks himself: "I will leave." "He wrote a letter home, five thousand coins will be sent." Conclusion: Zhilin understands that paying the ransom can ruin the mother, he relies only on himself, is actively looking for a way out. Conclusion: Kostylin accepts all the conditions of his enemies, hopes for help from home. Does not fight, passively obeys circumstances.

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The first month in captivity. Looking out, trying to find out how to escape. " "He walks around the aul, whistling, or else he sits, does something needlework - either sculpts dolls from clay, or weaves braids from twigs." "Zhilin was a master at all kinds of handicrafts." “Kostylin wrote home again, he was waiting for the money to be sent and was bored. He sits in the barn all day and counts the days when the letter arrives; or sleeping. " Conclusion: Zhilin is sociable, active, good master. But his main goal is to escape from captivity. Conclusion: Kostylin is weak-willed, indifferent to the environment, passive.

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First escape. "If you strip your legs, they will heal, but if you catch up, they will kill you, it is worse." "Get up, sit on the backs - I'll take it down, if you can't go." “And the devil pulled me this deck with me. I would have left alone long ago. "I hooked a stone with my foot, thundered." "Cut all my legs ... falling behind." "I won't make it, I can't." “I can’t, my strength is gone.” "Grieved" - weakened, tired. "How Kostylin will shout:" Oh, it hurts! " "Go alone, why should you disappear because of me." Conclusion: he is busy looking for roads, and all his behavior is subordinated to this goal: he notices everything around him, rejoices at his will, worries about the success of his escape, tries not to notice pain and fatigue; does not abandon a friend in trouble .. Conclusion: Kostylin is weak-willed, does not want to and does not knows how to fight, passively follows a friend, all his thoughts are focused on himself. He does not see the environment, he experiences fear.

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Why did the escape fail? The escape failed due to the selfishness and effeminacy of Kostylin. He does not feel responsibility to his comrade, is intemperate, impatient. - Why does the writer contrast Zhilin and Kostylin? The author shows how much in life depends on the person himself. In the same circumstances, some turn out to be heroes, others are unworthy to be called people. Before the second escape “Well, Kostylin, let's go, let's try one last time; I'll give you a lift. ”“ No, I can’t see I can’t get out of here. Where will I go when I have no strength to turn? " Conclusion: despite all the hardships, Zhilin did not lose the will to live, the desire for freedom. Conclusion: Kostylin refuses to escape, does not believe in himself, surrenders to the mercy of his enemies.

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Zhilin and Dina. The spiritual closeness of people from the warring camps. Affirmation of humanistic ideals in the story. There is a war on the territory of the Caucasus. IN AND. Dahl wrote: “An offensive war is when an army is led against a foreign state; defensive - when they meet this army to protect their own. " -Does the author condemn the highlanders for fighting the Russians? For the peoples living in the Caucasus, this war is defensive, the highlanders desperately resist, not allowing Russians to enter their territory, but the Russian army conquers the Caucasus and pays a high price with the lives of many thousands of Russian soldiers and officers. -Why is the old man in a turban angry with the Russians?

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How and why did the owner's attitude towards the captives change? Zhilin evokes sympathy from the owner for his courage and sense of human dignity, and among ordinary Tatars with his skill, hard work, willingness to do good to people, and from Dina, who saw in him a kind and honest person. But after the attempt to escape, the owner tightened the living conditions. Zhilin is a prisoner for whom the owner will receive a ransom, and if this fails, he will kill him. Human relations come into conflict with hostility and self-interest. After the escape of the officers, the owner does not laugh, talks to them with hostility, threatens to kill them. Conclusion: People could live in friendship, but this is hampered by ethnic strife, leading to war. Self-interest also interferes. -Which of the Tatars treated the prisoners with special dislike? - How does this old man appear before us? Tell his story.

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What triumphs in the story? In the story of the war, it is not enmity and hatred that triumphs, but kindness, the spiritual closeness of people from the warring camps.