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What is a circus? The mean lines of the dictionary are unlikely to reveal to you all the uniqueness, brightness, entertainment and circus art.
Circus 1. (from Lat. Circus - circle) is a kind of entertainment art, the presentation of which is built according to its own laws. 2. The special building itself for carrying out these performances is also called a circus.
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Spectators of the performances are delighted with both the most complicated tricks and the subtle humor of the merry clownery.
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Admiration is caused by the fearless and talented skill of training our smaller brothers and the miracle of exquisite tricks.
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The circus occupies a special place among the arts; circus is a visual art (it is not afraid of language barriers) and universal (it is available to any public).
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It is sometimes said that the circus is entertainment for children, but this is completely wrong. Another thing is true: the whole family can go to the circus, and everyone will get their share of pleasure.
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The circus brings together and unites different countries and eras. His motto: "Come in, come in, hurry to see the greatest sight on the globe!"
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The first stationary circus known to us - Circus Maximus, was named in 7 BC. one of the wonders of Rome. Its building has been transformed and rebuilt over several centuries.
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The Roman circus had very little in common with the modern circus performance: it was the venue for a number of folk "shows", primarily horse races and chariot races.
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There is historical evidence that in Ancient Rome (as, in fact, in Ancient Greece, Byzantium, China and other countries) there were also known wandering circus troupes, consisting of acrobats, equilibrists, jugglers.
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They gave performances in urban and rural squares. Already in ancient times there were people whose craft was to entertain their own kind, showing miracles of dexterity and flexibility, and sometimes even demonstrating trained animals.
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Wandering artists and circus performers appeared in Europe in the Middle Ages. We meet him at French, Flemish, German, English fairs. Today, we only vaguely imagine the magnificence and significance of these noisy, crowded festivities that took place in China and Europe, India and Mecca at the brisk crossroads of large trade routes.
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Actors from all over the world flocked to the Nizhny Novgorod Fair in Russia; and nearby was a brisk trade: the Chinese brought silk here, the Tatars - furs, the British - fabrics. These fairs were organized both for the sake of trade and for the sake of performances of wandering actors, eternal wanderers.
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The mobile circus building is called a tent (from the French chapiteau - capital, cap), and is a system of high central masts and side posts, on which a canvas tent is stretched.
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And what were the wandering artists called in Russia?
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JAPANESE!
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Already by the beginning of the 20th century. the structure of the circus performance is changing dramatically. In the stationary circus, carpet clowns and clown trainers appear. From the menageries to the circus, the tamers pass.
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A huge leap takes place in the aerial gymnastics genre: after the introduction of a safety net, it becomes possible to qualitatively complicate tricks.
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At the beginning of the 20th century. Acrobats and gymnasts receive a new attribute: a throw-up board that increases the height of the jump. And with the technical revolution of the early 19th century. the performances and attractions based on the use of technology become much more complicated: from "races on a vertical wall" to "flying from a cannon to the moon"; from "extravaganza on the water" to a burst of new opportunities.
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In the new century, the circus has serious rivals. First, the music hall with its spotlights, decorations, costumes, music, and sophisticated technical devices. The second contender was cinema.
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But it is safe to say: none of these new forms have succeeded in crushing the circus, not a single fashion has so far managed to turn the public away from their beloved art for a long time.
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It is impossible to sort through the magic of the emotional charge of the circus arena. You just have to come to the circus.
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BEST CIRCUS IN THE WORLD
The Canadian "Circus of the Sun" is one of the largest in the world, dynamically developing network of circuses, which is spread over five continents. A theatrical approach based on flamboyant characters has made this circus a legend. The complete absence of animals on the stage helped to get the title of "modern circus" and they adhere to this rule to this day.
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Celestial Paradise Show is a Chinese acrobatic troupe of 100 artists who are renowned athletes. The troupe has a unique number that no one can repeat - this is juggling with umbrellas. The art of this act has been perfected over millennia, its secret was strictly kept and passed on in acrobatic dynasties. For the disclosure of the secret of the flexibility of the female snake in ancient China, the death penalty was imposed. There are no trainers or animals in this circus.
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The presentation was made by S. G. Kirilova. Primary school and music teacher at the private Russian school "Pupils of Pythagoras" Limassol. Cyprus.
strongmen and animals. It was a large area surrounded by seating.
for the audience. With the advent of theaters, the circus ceased to be the main one
entertainment, and it was almost forgotten for many years. In 18th century France
a circus was built, not similar to the ancient Roman one.
The new circus was a round hall, which showed various exercises on horses and acrobatic tricks. The audience is very understanding.
The new circus was a round hall in which varioushorse exercises and acrobatic stunts. Viewers are very
liked it, and they began to build circuses in other countries, and for the performances
added the fight of wild animals among themselves and with dogs. Inside the hall there was an arena (or arena) - a round area for
performances. There were rows of seats around the arena for spectators. Everyone
the next row is higher than the previous one so that everyone can see the arena.
This method of building circuses is preserved in our time. Circuses are permanent and mobile. Constants build in large
cities, and mobiles move from city to city. Artists, beasts and
all items needed for performances travel to
trailers on wheels. The building of a traveling circus looks very
a large tent is called a big top.
When the traveling circus arrives in the city, posters are posted on the streets - announcements of where and when the performance will take place. Tickets can be bought
Whenmobile
circus
comes to town, on the streets
stick up
posters
–
ads,
where
and
when
will take place
performance.
Tickets can be bought at the box office
before the show
or in advance.
During the performance, the presenter calls out the names of the artists and animals who will be performing. Each circus show its own captivate
During the performancepresenter calls names
artists
and
animals,
who will perform.
IN
every
circus
show their own
an exciting program,
so go to the circus
always interesting. A circus act is a performance by one or more artists.
Acrobats show their strength and agility. They know how to somersault in
jump, maintain balance in such positions, in which a simple
the person would immediately fall. The word "acrobatics" comes from the Greek
expressions "I climb up".
Gymnasts are very flexible and can do incredibly complex movements. This gymnast performs a handstand and shoots a bow with her feet.
Gymnastsvery
flexible and know how to do
incredibly difficult
movement.
This
gymnast performs
handstand, and
shoots from
Luke.
This is an air gymnast on the ring. The ring is suspended very high above the arena. So that the girl does not get injured if she falls, I pull at the bottom
This is an air gymnast on the ring. The ring is suspended very highover the arena. So that the girl does not get injured if she falls, below
pull the net, or the gymnasts attach a rope to the belt -
insurance. Trapeze artists can also perform on the rope,
tape and other special devices. An animal trainer is called a trainer. He trains animals
various unusual skills - to run on their hind legs, climb
stairs, jump rope and even roller-skate.
See how cleverly this parrot balances on a top hat!
In ancient Rome, gladiator warriors fought in the arena with wild beasts. Later, they began to train tigers and lions, and this is how the profession came out.
In ancient Rome, gladiator warriors fought in the arena with wildbeasts. Later, tigers and lions began to be trained, so it appeared
the profession of a tamer. The arena is covered with a net to protect
spectators from a possible attack by animals. Tiger though
trained, but still a predator.
Various animals can be wonderful artists: cats, dogs, monkeys, mice, pigeons and even elephants!
Clowns are entertainers performing funny numbers. Clowns show funny scenes, play musical instruments. While the artist
Clowns are entertainers performing funny numbers. Clownsshow funny scenes, play musical instruments.
While the performers prepare to enter the arena, the clowns entertain
viewers with jokes, contests, tricks. Juggling is a circus act in which the performers
demonstrate the ability to quickly throw and catch objects in
a certain sequence. Juggling often connects
with balancing, acrobatics or clowning. Juggler can
perform alone or in pairs.
The equilibrist's task is to maintain balance on unstable objects. This artist not only easily stands on five cylinders, but also simultaneously
A taskequilibrist
–
hold back
equilibrium
on the
unstable
subjects.
This artist is not only easy
stands on five cylinders, but
and juggles at the same time
with clubs.
Only trained gymnasts can rotate several gymnastic hoops at once and none of them can be dropped. This exercise is called hu
Rotate several at oncegymnastic hoops and
not one can drop
only
trained
gymnasts.
Such
the exercise is called
hula hoop, from the name
Polynesian dance and
english
words
"hoop". Motofozo is a circus act in which the artist depicts a doll.
In the course of the performance, the doll takes incredible poses and does
funny movements. Then the doll "comes to life", sheds its clothes and
it becomes clear to everyone that this is a person. Try to guess
where are the hands and feet of this artist? The fakir shows the insensitivity of his body to pain. The fakir can
stand on nails and broken glass, release fire from your mouth and not
burn yourself at the same time. Repeat such numbers in no case
it is impossible - it is life-threatening! Tricks are loved by both adults and children, therefore, in the circus program without
tricks are indispensable. Magicians are also called illusionists.
Illusionist shows appearance, disappearance, transformation
various items. The word "illusion" comes from the Latin
the words "cheating, playing". In the circus on ice, the arena is covered with ice, and all the artists perform on
ice skating. Performing in a circus on ice is even more difficult than in a regular
circus. You need not only to show your number, but also at the same time
skate beautifully. In the circus on the water, or dolphinariums, dolphins perform,
seals, killer whales and other marine animals. They play ball
swim in a race, jump in hoops and even draw. Artists train every day to show their number without
mistakes. Some exercises work out after years of stubbornness.
workouts. Animals need to be fed and walked deliciously so that they
were healthy. Without patience and work, nothing would have happened!
Many circus performers perform as whole families. Often, children in such families continue the work of their parents and become circus performers. D
Many circus performers perform as whole families. Often children insuch families continue the work of their parents and become circus
artists. Children also train a lot and perform in the arena with
their numbers. Professional excellence is passed on from
generation after generation. The epilogue is the final exit of the artists to bid farewell to the public.
You can come to the circus with a bouquet of flowers and give flowers to the artists. They are
will be very glad that you enjoyed their performance. if you love
laugh, admire and wonder, then the circus is for you!
Embodying fantasies and dreams is a special talent that is not available to everyone. Circus is the art of making fantasy come true. The circus is a miracle, a fairy tale, a riddle! These are the surprised eyes of adults and children.
The circus is colorful flying balls, these are strong men bending horseshoes. What huge kettlebells the artists lift with unusual ease! It only seems easy to the audience, but in fact it is a huge, painstaking, hours-long work, it is hard training. And the whole show - on the circus arena, an unusually talented clown who managed to make you laugh. Tears flow from his eyes in streams, soap bubbles fly around him ...
Yes, the circus is bold jumps under the dome, when the whole hall freezes, these are the audience's hot clapping, then, after dead silence, this is applause to the acrobat doing somersaults in the air.
Since ancient times, the performances of acrobats, jugglers, gymnasts, clowns have attracted artists, sculptors, musicians, and more recently cinematographers, with the opportunity to display the harmony and perfection of the human body, convey the dynamics of its movements, and reveal all the secrets and symbolism of this mysterious art.
The definition of a circus CIRCUS (from the Latin circus, literally - a circle) - A special kind of art, one of the main means of expression is a trick. The generalized name of all types of entertainment numbers, programs, performances, performances, solved by means of circus expressiveness. A special spectacular structure with a domed covering, an arena, an amphitheater with seats for spectators. (Circus encyclopedia.http: //www.ruscircus.ru/encyc)
As an art form, the circus has developed on the basis of labor processes, folk festivals, sports, mainly equestrian, competitions, and the activities of riding schools. Circus performances are based on overcoming the most difficult physical obstacles, as well as comic techniques, in most cases borrowed from buffoons and comedians of folk booths. By nature, the circus is always eccentric.
Its main means of expression is a trick, an action that lies outside the boundaries of ordinary logic. The combination of tricks with acting techniques creates a number. A circus performance consists of numbers - individual completed performances by one or a group of artists.
Each number, as a rule, is distinguished by the unusual behavior of a person and an animal: artists walk and dance on a wire, stand with their heads on the partner's head, act out scenes on the back of a galloping horse, a sea lion juggles a ball, horses perform a waltz.
A circus artist in his genre creates a certain image, in this he is helped by a costume, music, light, special equipment, and the director's organization of the performance. In thematic plot representations, tricks are also used, with their help, the plot is built and developed.
The first circuses were completely different from those with which we are all familiar. They existed in ancient Rome and gave performances to a small arena called "The Great Circus" (Latin Circus Maximus). The word Circus means any ring (Latin omnis ambitus vel gyrus), any figure without corners. Hence, the place where in Italy, according to the Greek model, horse rides were arranged and which in most cases was an elongated valley between two hills, they began to call this name based not on the destination of the place, as in Greece (see Hippodrome), but from its most common forms.
“Under the first tsars, the place of circus performances was the Field of Mars, then, as legend says, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus made a special list in the valley between the Palatine and Aventine hills, later known as the“ Great Circus ”, at the expense of the booty in the war with the Latins. Tarquin the Proud slightly changed the location of this building and increased the number of seats for spectators in it, Julius Caesar significantly expanded it, and Nero, after the famous fire that devastated Rome, built the Great Circus again with more luxury against the former, Trajan and Domitian improved it even more, and even Constantine and his son, Constantius, took care of decorating it. The last races in it took place in 549. "
“A modern-type circus appeared for the first time only at the end of the 18th century in France. Its creators were two English riders, Astley's father and son. In 1774, in Paris, on the outskirts of Temple, they built a round hall, which they called the circus, and began to give performances here, consisting of various exercises on horses and acrobatic ones.
In 1877 Ciniselli opened a hospital in St. Petersburg, in 1880 Salomonsky - in Moscow, brothers D.A., A.A. and P.A. Nikitin in 1886 and in 1911 created hospitals in Moscow, in 1903 P.S.Krutikov built a circus in Kiev. In Russian circuses, despite the brutal police regime, satirical publicistic clowning gained particular popularity, which put forward its leading figures: V.L. and A.L. Durov, Bim-Bom (I.S.Radunsky and M.A.Stanevsky), S. S. and D. S. Alperovs. World fame was won by: riders - P. I. Orlov, V. T. Sobolevsky, N. L. Sychev, tightrope walker F. F. Molodtsov, wrestlers and athletes - I. M. Zaikin, I. V. Lebedev (uncle Vanya) , I. M. Poddubny and others. "The Soviet multinational circus inherited all the best that was created in Russia before the October Revolution of 1917, achieved great creative and organizational success." (Kuznetsov 1947, p. 150)
Description of the presentation for individual slides:
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Circus (from the Latin circus - circle, circle) is one of the most beloved art forms. At the heart of circus art is a trick - a difficult and emotionally impressive action to perform. The totality of such actions-tricks combined with music, choreography, in a word, external design forms a circus number, and their combination - a program; in the presence of a plot outline - a circus performance.
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Like the theater, it arose from the labor, ceremonial, military activities of people (see the article "The oldest forms of theatrical performances"). In Europe XI - XVI centuries. itinerant comedians entertained the people in the fairgrounds. In the circle formed by the audience, the artists demonstrated their skills in acrobatics, gymnastics, juggling, and acted out comic scenes. Since the XVI century. in Europe, riding schools spread - the origins of one of the types of the future circus - equestrian.
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From the middle of the 18th century. a higher riding school appears, where masterful horse control and the art of equestrian training reach particular perfection. Bereitors are nominated - riders, trainers, who lead small equestrian-acrobatic groups to perform at temporary arenas for the public.
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In 1770, the former English cavalryman Philip Astley (1742 - 1814) built a Riding School in London, which he transformed in 1780 into a special Astley Amphitheater. Historians trace the beginnings of a modern professional circus from it. In the same year, Astley built a branch of this school - the "English Amphitheater on the outskirts of the Temple" in the Paris area. In addition to equestrian performances, the program included performances of acrobats, gymnasts, clowns; pantomimes were performed. Pantomimes became widespread in the 19th century, attracting plots that responded to the most important events of their time
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How did the professional circus develop in Russia? At the beginning of the XIX century. most of the circus entrepreneurs and performers were foreigners. From the second half of the XIX century. domestic circuses appear. The founders of the first Russian circus were brothers Akim (1843 - 1917), Dmitry (1835 - 1918) and Peter (1846 - 1921) Nikitin, who came from the family of the former serf peasant Alexander Nikitin. They began their career as artists, performing on the streets to the music of a barrel organ played by their father. In 1873 they opened a small circus in Penza, which was a success Circus of A.A. Nikitin on the former Yekaterinoslavskaya street of Kharkov A.A. Nikitin (1843-1917)
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In the circuses of Russia of that period (S. Ciniselli in St. Petersburg, A. Salamonsky in Moscow, on Tsvetnoy Boulevard, Truzzi in large provincial cities), whole generations of outstanding Russian artists were formed, many of whom subsequently wrote memorable pages in the history of the Soviet circus. These are the famous satirist clowns, trainers brothers Vladimir Leonidovich (1863 - 1934) and Anatoly Leonidovich (1864 - 1916) Durov. How did the professional circus develop in Russia?
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The performances of Vitaly Efimovich Lazarenko (1890 - 1939) were very popular with the public. He combined the satirical acts of clowning with acrobatics. Popular in the Russian circus, next to the Durovs and Lazarenko, were the clowns Alperovs, the Tahiti brothers, Bim-Bom. Russian artists in all genres have successfully performed at the arena of the country. Among them were the well-known rope-walker FF Molodtsov, horsemen of various profiles: the Gamsakhurdia family, PS Krutikov, VT Sobolevsky, NL Sychev, PA Fedoseevsky; athletes and wrestlers: I. M. Poddubny, I. M. Zaikin, N. A. Vakhturov, P. F. Krylov, I. V. Shemyakin, who emerged victorious from competitions with renowned world and European champions; Winkin's acrobats; cyclists Podrezovy (based on Poldi's stage); jugglers K. and M. Pashchenko, juggler on a horse N. A. Nikitin and others. How did the professional circus develop in Russia?
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Slide Description:
The October Revolution is a historic milestone in the history of the Russian circus, which marked a sharp turn in the organization of the creative activity of the arena masters. In January 1919, the Circus Section was created in the theatrical department of the People's Commissariat for Education. On August 26, 1919, V. I. Lenin signed the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars "On the unification of the theater business." By announcing the nationalization of circuses, the decree forever predetermined the democratic essence of the circus as an art form, which, along with theaters, is necessary for the people, in need of constant organizational and ideological and creative leadership of the Soviet state. Indeed, the circus of the USSR has become a qualitatively new phenomenon. How did the professional circus develop in Russia? Equilibrist acrobats N. and P. Mayatsky
Irina Tokareva
Presentation of the project "Circus, circus, circus!"
On the eve of April Fool's Day, held on April 1, I decided to implement with the children of the younger group project, the purpose of which was to expand the horizons of children and, of course, create an atmosphere of a bright, unforgettable holiday. During the project I introduced children to circus professions(clown, acrobat, trainer and others).I suggested that parents, together with their baby, make a craft "Funny Clown" from improvised and waste material, the clowns turned out to be funny and amusing - we have a bright one on our shelf. colorful exhibition. As the theater begins with a coat rack, the children learned that circus starts with a poster, which was made independently, with a little help from a teacher. Children watched with pleasure the cartoons "Boniface's Vacation" and "Girl in circus"We drew and painted a clown, made an applique" Barbarian Clown. "The children were delighted with the cartoon character-losharik. They dressed up in a clown costume and made each other laugh. the project was entertainment"Visiting Timoshka the clown. I suggest you watch presentation of this project.
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Within the framework of the project “Circus! Circus! Circus "my first laptop" Circus "appeared. Lapbook (lapbook) - literally translated from English means “knee.
Entertainment "A circus has come to us" Entertainment "A circus has come to us" Purpose: Creation of an atmosphere of fun, goodwill, the need for collective communication, friendly competition.
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Subject-game lesson "Circus, circus, circus !!!" (senior preschool age) Course of the lesson: Instructor: Come in, please! An extraordinary performance awaits us today. Our circus is passing by you today, just today.
