"Dead Souls"
Landowner Sobakevich
Business card.
Landowner Sobakevich Mikhailo Semyonovich - a hater of education, a strong owner, uncompromising in the bidding, will be glad to "throw mud" at all his acquaintances over a plentiful dinner in his house.
Sobakevich
Painter
P. Boklevsky,
1875 year
Sobakevich
Kukryniksy artists,
1937 - 1939
Sobakevich village
Artist A. Laptev
Chichikov at the Sobakevichs
Painter
A. A. Agin
Chichikov at the Sobakevichs
Painter
A. A. Agin
Chichikov and Sobakevich
Painter
A. A. Agin
Chichikov and Sobakevich
Painter
A. A. Agin
Traits
- Kulaks,
- misanthropy,
- obscurantism (reactionaryness, hostility to progress, culture, science),
- coarseness,
- tight-fistedness.
The work of Natalia Bekhtina
1996 year
The work of Frolova Nadezhda
1998 year
The work of Sergey Kozlov
1998 year
The work of Knyazkina Lyudmila
1998 year
The work of Knyazkina Lyudmila
1998 year
The work of Ekaterina Prytkova
2003 - 04 academic year year
A new stage of human fall is the "devil's fist" Sobakevich. Gogol writes that it seemed that there was no soul in the body of this person. Sobakevich gravitates towards the old forms of serf farming, hates the city and education. He sees the meaning of life in a passion for profit. In addition to corvee, he also uses quitrent. Gogol called it "a portrait of a Russian stomach": food is Sobakevich's second passion.
Sobakevich is a real landowner, huckster and hoarder. He is arrogant and assertive. The author compares him to a bear.
Sobakevich is also a common noun. His main qualities are greed, narrowness of interests.
References
- N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls", Moscow "Olympus. PPP ", 1993
- Slide-set of presentations to the poem by N.V. Gogol's "Dead Souls". The author of the work - Vshivkova Valentina Mikhailovna, MOU Lebyazhenskaya secondary school
- http://ru.wikipedia.org Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- http://www.gogol.niv.ru/soch/gogol1.htm. Site "Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol".
- One collection of digital educational resources
- Literature site of the "Russian General Education Portal".
- Illustrations by Russian artists for the poem "Dead Souls".
- Volkova Elena Arkadyevna
- Russian language and literature teacher (1 qualification category)
- MOU "Uryum secondary school"
- Tetyushsky district
- Republic of Tatarstan
- February 2010
Sobakevich. The portrait "A healthy and strong man", whom nature "chopped off from all over the shoulder"; very similar to "medium-sized bear"; “... it seemed that this body did not have a soul at all, or he had it, but not at all where it should be, but, like an immortal koshchei, somewhere beyond the mountains, and covered with such a thick shell that everything, whatever was tossing and turning at the bottom of it, did not produce absolutely any shock on the surface ”.
Slide 14 from presentation "Landowners in" Dead Souls ""... The size of the archive with the presentation is 607 KB.Literature grade 9
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Larina G.V.
Literature lesson in grade 9
GALLERY OF LANDSCAPE IMAGES
IN THE POEM BY N.V. GOGOL "DEAD SOULS"
Lesson objectives: to reveal the peculiarities of the system of images of landowners in NV Gogol's poem "Dead Souls"; to reveal the inner logic of creating images of the local nobility; check the level of formation of the skill of analyzing a literary character; to involve students in research work.
Methodical techniques: repetition of known information about the characters of the local nobility in the form of a quiz, posing a question for discussion, creating a problem situation, conversation with elements of research work, student messages.
Equipment: reproductions of portraits of landowners by P.M. Boklevsky, presentation "Portrait of Gogol", a map of Chichikov's travels, statements by critics
"Not a shadow of goodness, not a single bright thought,
there is not a single human feeling in them "
(G.A. Gukovsky)
"Gogol showed the ordinariness of an ordinary person"
(V.V. Kozhinov)
"Gogol leads Chichikov through the line
truly Russian people, each of whom
epic figure. And Manilov and Sobakevich,
and Plyushkin - they all came from the world of a fairy tale "
(P. Weil, A. Genis)
Epigraph: "Dead souls ... all these Nozdryovs, Manilovs and all the others"
A.I. Herzen
During the classes.
I. Organizational moment. Announcement of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
The central place in the first volume of Dead Souls is occupied by five “portrait chapters” (from the second to the sixth). Each of them is dedicated to a specific human type. Gogol gives these chapters in a definite order, which is by no means arbitrary. Chichikov's visit to Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin is usually understood as the story of the adventures of the "acquirer" who buys the dead, in fact, but legally alive, that is, souls not deleted from the revision lists. Meanwhile, a feature of Gogol's works is the versatility of the text and the images created. Gogol's text is similar to an archaeological excavation: the wider and deeper the field of study, the more visual a person's life becomes, the more detailed and comprehensive is the information received.
II. Quiz "Know the character" (students read out the cards prepared by the teacher in advance with the description of the landowners; you need to put the card with the description in the pocket with the image of the character in question). Simultaneously an individual game "Lotto" according to the same principle.
1. “He was of average height, a very well-built fellow with full ruddy cheeks, teeth as white as snow, and jet-black sideburns. He was fresh as blood and milk; health seemed to sprinkle from his face " (Nozdryov)
2. “... the little eyes had not yet gone out and were running from under the high-grown eyebrows, like mice, when, sticking out their sharp muzzles from the dark holes, alert ears and blinking their mustache, they were looking out for where the cat or the mischievous boy was hiding, and smell suspiciously the very air " (Plyushkin)
3. Of the people “known by the name: people are so-so, neither this nor that, nor in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan ...” (Manilov)
4. “The complexion had a red-hot, hot, which is the case on a copper penny ... the strongest and marvelous image ...” (Sobakevich)
5. “... human feelings, which were not deep in him anyway, were shallow every minute, and every day something was lost in this worn-out ruin” (Plyushkin)
6. “... was in some respects a historical person. Not a single meeting he attended was complete without history. " (Nozdryov)
7. “From a glance he was a prominent person; his facial features were not devoid of pleasantness, but in this pleasantness, it seemed, was too much transferred to sugar ... " (Manilov)
8. “He thought about the prosperity of a friendly life, about how good it would be to live with a friend on the bank of some river, then a bridge was built across this river, then a huge house” (Manilov)
9. "... no means and efforts would have been able to get to the bottom of what his dressing gown was concocted: the sleeves and upper floors were so greasy and greasy that they looked like leather, which goes to boots ..." (Plyushkin)
10. “There was always some book in his office, bookmarked on page fourteen, which he had been reading constantly for two years” (Manilov)
11. “... most of all was tobacco. He was in different things: in caps and in a tobacco holder, and, finally, he was just a heap on the table. On both windows there were also slides of ash knocked out of the tube, arranged not without effort in very beautiful rows ” (Manilov)
12. “... led them to his office, in which, however, there were no visible traces of what happens in the offices, that is, books or paper; only sabers and two guns hung - one for three hundred, and the other for eight hundred rubles ... (Nozdryov)
13. "It would have been impossible to say that a living creature lived in this room if it had not been announced by an old, worn cap lying on the table." (Plyushkin)
14. “The table, armchairs, chairs - everything was of the heaviest and most restless quality - in a word, every object, every chair seemed to say:“ And I am _________ too! ” or “And I also look a lot like _________!” ” (Sobakevich)
The characteristics of which character did not appear in the quiz? (Boxes)
III. Box's monologue (performed by a student)
- I am an old columnar noblewoman, a landowner. I have, father, a decent estate, a courtyard full of all kinds of domestic creatures: turkeys, chickens, roosters, and boars. And what kind of gardens I have, sir, God forgive a braggart: there are cabbage, and turnips, and onions, and beets ... And beyond the garden, opposite the pork shed, are the huts of my peasants, I have eighty souls. I trade in hemp and bacon, and peasants, if God will send. That's the truth Chichikov offered to sell the dead peasants. I, frankly, got confused and began to bargain, and suddenly - I’ll be cheap (I haven’t sold the dead yet).
IV. Analytical question.
Why does Chichikov need dead souls?
V. The word of the teacher.
The names of Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdryov. Sobakevich, Plyushkina, perhaps, are among the most famous among all the names of the heroes of classical Russian literature. Some of them have long acquired a generalizing meaning and have become household names. But what do these names mean? What considerations was the writer guided by when thinking about the "naming" of the heroes of the poem?
Vi. Student message "What do the names of landowners mean in Nikolai Gogol's poem" Dead Souls " (students listen to the message against the background of the presentation "Portrait Gallery of Gogol")
- The literary names of the heroes of Dead Souls can be called secretive. They are ambiguous, because the naming of the hero can be realized by Gogol himself at different "sections" of the text. To understand the name, it is necessary to establish its internal connection with the image, and the image itself - with the context of the work. Surname Manilov formed from the dialect word beckoning (the same manikha, beckoner, beckoner), meaning: “one who promises, but deceives; the one who fancies; deceiver. " A distinctive feature of Manilov is the uncertainty of his character. The first impression turns out to be deceiving, "inviting". Landowner Box as a homely mistress personifies materialism, hoarding. Her surname, equivalent to a nickname, is associated with a box, which can be identified as a symbol of prosperity and wealth. The surname of the next character - Nozdryov- associated with the word nostril, about which the adjective nostril is formed in the meaning of "with small holes, porous." In dialects there is an adjective nostril - "full of holes, holes." All this is perceived by us as an allusion to the moral inferiority of the landowner. Surname Sobakevich associated with the word dog, although Mikhail Semenovich himself seems to Chichikov "very similar to the average size of a bear." The final, final stage of the mortification of the soul, decay, decomposition of all truly human is Plyushkin, crushed, flattened by life. Surname Plyushkin associated with the word bun in the meaning of "small bun", which is made by squeezing, making the dough flat, is indirectly associated with change, crushing, crushing of the spiritual principle in a person. The indirect association of the name Plyushkin with the verb to flop (sya) “heavy, hard to sit down, to fall” is not excluded, as a symbol of the hero's spiritual fall.
Vii. Teacher's word. Statement of the problematic question.
What unites all the landowners depicted by Gogol? Before you are the statements of contemporary critics.
1) some believe that "there is not a shadow of good, not a single bright thought, not a single human feeling in them" (Gukovsky GA);
2) others argue that Gogol's heroes are not virtuous, and not vicious, they are "ordinary". "Average" people, but recreated with a unique Gogolian "brightness, strength and size"; they are vulgar, but, according to these critics, in the first half of the 19th century the word “vulgar” meant “ordinary” - Gogol showed “the ordinariness of an ordinary person” (VV Kozhinov);
3) still others believe that “Gogol leads Chichikov through the line of truly Russian people, each of whom is an epic figure. And Manilov, and Sobakevich, and Korobochka, and Plyushkin - they all came from the world of a fairy tale. It is easy to recognize them as Koshchei the Immortal or Baba Yaga. Majestic in their passions and vices, these epic heroes represent Russia as a fabulous, wonderful, absurd country "(Weil P., Genis A.)
Which of these opinions is closer to your perception of the poem and why? (The opinions of the guys are different. Some prove the traditional point of view. Others cite the following evidence: "I think that these are ordinary people who live now. Plyushkin and Korobochka are stingy to varying degrees; Manilov and Nozdryov are dreamers who do not know how to make their dream come true. reality, so they lie in order to raise themselves up in society. And Sobakevich is a person who thinks only of himself and his own benefit. " ; Korobochka - Baba Yaga; Sobakevich - A Bear who came out of a Russian fairy tale; Manilov - Cat Bayun, luring others into a sleepy kingdom; Nozdryov is an epic Nightingale - a robber ")
Indeed, the names of Gogol's heroes, like fairy-tale characters, have become household names. Just like the heroes of fairy tales, the landowners of Gogol are simple and understandable to the reader, who seem to return to childhood when they read about the evil Koschey or the awkward Mikhail Potapych. As in fairy tales, the setting in the heroes' dwellings also plays an important role. For example, the house of Korobochka, in which there are medicines and decoctions, in our imagination immediately becomes the hut of Baba Yaga, and the house of Plyushkin, with its mustiness, dampness, dust, becomes the palace of Koshchei the Immortal, etc.
On the other hand, speaking about the typical character of Gogol's characters, let us recall the characters in Pushkin's novel Eugene Onegin.
VIII. An expressive reading by a prepared student of an excerpt from the novel "Eugene Onegin" ( chapter five,Xxv – XXVIII)
In the morning, the Larins' house is a guest
The whole is full; whole families
Neighbors gathered in carts,
In wagons, in carts and in sleighs
In the front there is a crush, anxiety;
In the living room, a meeting of new faces,
Lai mosek, smacking girls,
Noise, laughter, crush on the doorstep,
Bows, shuffling guests,
Nurse cry and cry of children.
With his burly wife
Fat Trifles arrived;
Gvozdin, excellent master,
Owner of beggar men;
Skotinins, a gray-haired couple,
With children of all ages, counting
Thirty to two years old;
County frantik Petushkov,
My cousin brother, Buyanov,
In fluff, in a cap with a visor
(As you, of course, know him),
And the retired landowner Flyanov,
Heavy gossip, old rogue
Glutton, bribe-taker and jester.
With the family of Panfil Kharlikov
Monsieur Triquet also arrived,
Wit, recently from Tambov,
With glasses and a red wig ...
And now from the near posad
Ripe young ladies idol,
County mothers joy,
The company commander arrived;
Came in ... Oh, news, but what!
The music will be regimental!
The colonel sent her himself.
What a joy: there will be a ball!
Girls jump in advance;
But the food was served. Chetoy
They go to the table hand with hand.
IX. Teacher's word
One of the features of Gogol's talent is that "passion to know everything", that "desire to know a person", which makes him look for people of all classes and notice something interesting from everyone. " We learn about this from Gogol's letter to V.A. Zhukovsky. The ability to “catch the soul of a person” was a true discovery of the writer. Researchers of Gogol's language note that the work on the word was carried out by the writer with the utmost exertion of all mental strength, since in addition to the subject itself, the author's image was always occupied by the word denoting this subject. Gogol was distinguished by his ability to “turn” the word so as to extract the maximum artistic effect from it. To show that even the seemingly insignificant images of the work carry a huge semantic load, let us turn to the topic "Description of food and its role in the poem" Dead Souls "by Nikolai Gogol.
X. Performance by the student with the message "Description of food and its role in the poem" Dead Souls "
- From the first pages of the poem, N.V. Gogol makes it clear that he devotes a considerable place to the images of food in the work. The writer is used to treating food with respect, but still sharply separates satiety from gluttony. The main character, traveling from landlord to landowner, first of all finds himself at the table. The owners consider it their duty to treat Chichikov with something amazing, be it "cabbage soup from a pure heart" at Manilov, or "pancakes" at Korobochka, or "wonderful balyk" at Nozdryov, or "ram's side" at Sobakevich, or "crackers from kulich "At Plyushkin's. Business conversations are preceded by a feast. The author constructs the narrative in such a way that each "edible" detail he selects reflects a character trait of the landowner with whom Gogol's hero dines. So, based on the bread crumbs left from evening to morning on the tablecloth in Nozdryov's dining room, he concludes that the owner of the house is careless. And this, in turn, prompts Chichikov to think: should the fellow behave and tell the owner directly about the goal, or is it better not to persist in his own way. This philistine tactic of the hero - to judge by the treat - is easily transferred to the vision of the world and people. In the tavern, the old woman tries to apply Chichikov's method of “guessing” people: “Manilov will be more delicate than Sobakevich: he orders to cook chicken at once, he will ask for veal too; if there is a lamb liver, then he will ask for a lamb liver, and Sobakevich will ask one thing, but then he will eat everything, even demand a supplement for the same price. " The landlords are depicted in the same way. Plyushkin's food is a measure of human qualities: "You can find out where a person is good at any place: he does not eat, but is full." And Sobakevich even divides people into provincial and metropolitan residents with the help of Chichikov's "philosophy." Some, in his opinion, "will add half a lamb flank with porridge, eating a cheesecake on a plate," while others eat "some cutlets with truffles." In the provinces, Sobakevich suggests, the scale is different: what is small in the capital grows here to extraordinary sizes. And, indeed, the reader sees that the vulgarity of the heroes is doubled.
XI. Teacher's word
So, it is no coincidence that Gogol's frequent use of images of food is not accidental. Traditional for all world literature, they become for the heroes of "Dead Souls" a measure of human qualities, and for the author of the poem - a means of depicting the spiritual emptiness of characters engaged only in satisfying animal needs and therefore deserving to be called "pig's snouts" to a much greater extent than people.
What vices do each of the landowners personify? (Manilov - empty daydreaming; Korobochka - club-headedness; Nozdrev - unbridled character; Sobakevich - greed, passion for acquisitiveness (desire for profit); Plyushkin - "a hole in humanity")
XII. Examining Chichikov's travel map (creative work of students)
Why is the image of Russian landowners presented to us in this order? At first glance, this is dictated by purely external circumstances. Chichikov meets Manilov and Sobakevich at a party with the governor. Chichikov first went to Manilov, and from Manilov to Sobakevich, but in a thunderstorm he got lost and ended up with Korobochka. Then on the way he stopped at a tavern to "have a bite" and unexpectedly met Nozdryov. From Nozdryov I finally got to Sobakevich. When he learned from Sobakevich that Plyushkin lived five miles away, the owner of eight hundred souls of serfs who were dying with him "like flies," Chichikov went to this landowner.
XIII. Statement of the problematic question
But in the order in which Gogol introduces the landowners to his readers, there is also another, deep inner meaning. Which? Listen to several points of view on just such a sequence of the arrangement of landowners in the text of the poem "Dead Souls".
The traditional point of view of literary critics: the landowners are located according to the degree of their degradation (Manilov still has everything - a family, children, furniture (although the features of desolation have already been outlined - “two armchairs were just covered with matting”, etc.); Plyushkin had it all, but lost over the years)
The modern point of view: landowners are conditionally divided into accumulators and wastefuls: Manilov is a wasteful; Box - drive; Nozdrev is a wasteer; Sobakevich - storage device; Plyushkin - "a hole in mankind" (waster from accumulation, accumulator from waste)
Manilov's point of view: the landowners are located in the text of the poem according to the degree of revival of their souls (note the fact that, describing Manilov, Gogol draws our attention to the things around him. Manilov has no inner world, his soul has died. , only Plyushkin, as the author notes, has "living eyes", and it is known that the eyes are the mirror of the soul, therefore, only Plyushkin is capable of reviving the soul)
XIV. Study of the characteristics of the characters - landowners (student message)
- In Gogol, the contrast between the living and the dead, the death of the living is often indicated precisely by the description of the eyes. In "Dead Souls" in the portrait of the characters, the eyes are either not indicated in any way (since they are simply superfluous), or their lack of spirituality is emphasized. So, Manilov "had eyes as sweet as sugar", in relation to the eyes of Sobakevich, the tool that nature used in this case was noted: "I picked my eyes with a big drill" (like in a wooden doll!) and they ran from under the high-grown eyebrows, like mice, when, sticking their sharp muzzles out of the dark holes, their ears alert and blinking with a mustache, they look out for a cat or a mischievous boy hiding somewhere, and smell suspiciously the very air. "
XV. An impromptu dialogue with Plyushkin (a scene prepared by students)
- How are you, Mr. Plyushkin?
- I'm poor, gentlemen. The robbers enter into ruin. At least Proshka, a kind of thief. All around the costs.
- But once you were an excellent owner, neighbors came to you to learn wise stinginess, reasonable frugality. Factories worked, machines, spinning mills, plows, scythes. The hostess was friendly and famous for her hospitality.
- Yes, it was all. Not now the mistress died, the eldest daughter jumped out to marry. The son left. The youngest daughter died. I was left alone.
XVI. Problematic question
Which of the characters in the poem has a biography? (Plyushkin and Chichikov)
Whoever has a past will have a future. Who is capable of rebirth? If we remember that Dead Souls were conceived by analogy with Dante's Divine Comedy - in three parts: the first part is Hell, the second part is Purgatory, and the third part is Paradise, limited himself to the image of "hell", "the vulgarity of a vulgar person", its limit - in the salvation of this very "vulgar person". The biography of Chichikov (as well as of Plyushkin) is the story of the "fall of the soul"; but if the soul “fell”, it means that it was once pure, it means that its revival is possible - through repentance. What is needed for repentance, for the purification of the soul? Inner self, inner voice. Only Plyushkin (to a lesser extent) and Chichikov (to a greater extent) also have the right to a spiritual life, to "feelings" and "thoughts". "With some vague feeling he looked at the houses ..."; “It was unpleasant, vague in his heart ...”; “Some terrible feeling, incomprehensible to him, took possession of him,” Gogol captures moments of “introspection” (inner voice) in his hero. Moreover, there are frequent cases when the inner voice of Chichikov passes into the author's voice or merges with it in the famous poetic digressions. But this is the topic of our next conversation ...
XVII. Homework: write out excerpts from lyrical digressions from the text of the poem. What are they about?
LITERATURE
Weill P., Genis A. Native speech. 1991
Voropaev V.A. Dead Souls: Who Are They? About the title of N.V. Gogol's poem / Russian speech, 2002, No. 3
Gukovsky G.A. Gogol's realism. - M., 1959
V.V. Kozhinov Poem by Gogol. - M., 1995
Mann Y. Poetics of Gogol. - M., 1978
THE IMAGE OF THE LANDER Sobakevich IN THE POEM BY N.V. GOGOL "DEAD SOULS"
Sobakevich Mikhailo Semyonich is a landowner, the fourth "seller" of dead souls. The very name and appearance of this hero (reminiscent of a "medium-sized bear", his coat is "completely bearish" in color, steps at random, the complexion is "hot, hot") indicate his might of his nature. ... PORTRAIT
The character of Sobakevich is perfectly captured by the writer and is revealed not only in appearance, but also in his manner of speaking, moving, in the whole way of his life.
Every thing in Sobakevich's house, from the "pot-bellied walnut bureau on preposterous four legs" and ending with the last chair, surprisingly closely merged with its owner and seemed to say: "I, too, Sobakevich. And I, too, look very much like Sobakevich."
In S.'s house there are paintings on the walls depicting exclusively Greek heroes who outwardly resemble the owner of the house. A dark-colored thrush with specks and a pot-bellied nut bureau ("perfect bear") are similar to S.. In turn, the hero himself also looks like an object - his legs are like cast-iron pedestals. S. is a type of Russian kulak, a strong, calculating master. His peasants live well and reliably. The fact that S.'s natural power and efficiency have turned into stupid inertia is more likely not a fault, but a misfortune of the hero. ...
Sobakevich is characterized by a highly hostile attitude towards everything connected with the spiritual principle in human life. In his eyes, enlightenment, culture - all are just inventions, useless and harmful to anyone.
According to the firm conviction of Sobakevich, the only important thing in life can only be concern for one's own existence and well-being. Stomach saturation under any circumstances (at home or away - it doesn't matter) is always in the foreground.
Sobakevich's pose during the entire conversation with Chichikov betrayed his bestial grasp of a predator and a swift rush from an ambush to meet prey when it is within reach.
SOBAKEVICH lives exclusively in modern times, in the 1820s. From the height of his power, HE sees how the life around him was crumbling. During the bargaining he remarks: “… what kind of people are these? flies, not people ”, much worse than the dead. SOBAKEVICH occupies one of the highest places in the spiritual "hierarchy" of heroes, because, according to the author, he has many chances for revival. He is naturally endowed with many good qualities.
The presentation was made by pupils of the 9 "B" class of MBOU "Ulyanovsk secondary school" of Lukoyanovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region by Vladimir Gorbunov. Teacher: 1 category teacher of Russian language and literature Nesterova O.A. 10.02.2012
Development of a literature lesson in the 9th grade on the topic "The image of the landowner Sobakevich in the poem" Dead Souls "by N. V. Gogol"
Goals:
to disassemble the image of the landowner Sobakevich to reveal the author's ideological position on the basis of individual work with the text;
develop the skills of analyzing a prose work, make generalizing conclusions;
develop attention, associative thinking and creative imagination of students, the development of speech, the ability to work in a group, listen to your classmates, express your opinion and generalize the knowledge gained in the lesson;
working with key concepts;
Technology: Developing critical thinking through reading and writing
DURING THE CLASSES
1. The lesson starts with repetition of previous material with the aim of preparing students to solve the problem put forward by the teacher.
Teacher: What is the plot of Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" and what opportunities did he give the writer to reveal the ideological meaning of the work?
Student: The essence of the plot is that the businessman-acquirer Chichikov travels across Russia, visits the estates of landowners and buys up dead souls. The plot was proposed to Gogol by A.S. Pushkin. This plot gave the writer the opportunity to follow his hero "to travel around Russia and show widely the life of Russia, different landowners."
2. Statement of the problematic question:
– Why do you think NV Gogol called his work "dead souls"?
3. Putting hypotheses:
– Gogol named his poem because it talks about the purchase of dead souls "
- In my opinion, Gogol wants to show that the landlords have, as it were, outlived theirs, they are, as it were, dead.
THEME-IDEA-PROBLEM
You and I know that the title of a work of art not only reflects its theme, not only reveals its theme, but reveals its ideological meaning.
5. Analysis of the content of the 5th chapter Gogol's poem and the image of Sobakevich in order to solve the problem.
Teacher:
Let us turn to Gogol again. What meaning does he put into the title of the poem? Let's think about this name. What is the meaning we put intothe concept of "soul
"When we say:" This is a man with a soul "," A man of a beautiful soul "?
- The soul is the wonderful inner qualities of a person.
- We mean by this concept the noble aspirations of a person. This is the inner, spiritual world of a person.
Teacher: Let's reveal the meaning of the title of the poem using the example of the image of Sobakevich. What is his spiritual world, his aspirations? How does the writer describe the estate and the interior decoration of the rooms?
Under the guidance of the teacher, they conclude that through the description of the situation, Gogol characterizes Sobakevich as a person who has no taste, no aesthetic feeling.
Teacher: And how is Sobakevich's appearance outlined?
When students retell the relevant passages from the chapter, the teacher draws attention to the artistic techniques for depicting the image:
– Why is Gogol so insistently emphasizing Sobakevich's resemblance to animals, to things?
The students, guided by the teacher, conclude that the external rudeness of Sobakevich reveals the baseness, the animality of his nature. A hyperbolic comparison with animals, with furniture is a lyrical device that emphasizes that Sobakevich has nothing sublime.
Teacher:
When Chichikov arrived at Sobakevich's, the guest and the owner were silent for several minutes, staring blankly at each other. And even Chichikov, clever in "secular" conversations, does not know what to talk about with the owner of the house, how to break the awkward silence.
And indeed, what can you talk about with Sobakevich? About politics, art, the fate of Russia, literature? - No, this deserted landowner is not interested in such questions.
And yet, at some moments of the conversation, the usually silent Sobakevich revives and even becomes eloquent. Obviously, it was about what interests him. When and why does Sobakevich come to life?
Students say that Sobakevich perks up when it comes to bargaining for dead souls. Even Chichikov was surprised: "Where did the agility and the gift of speech come from?"
6. Expressive reading of the roles of the bargaining scene between Sobakevich and Chichikov.
Teacher: What interests and aspirations of Sobakevich are revealed in that scene?
Student: The main goal of Sobakevich's life is profit. He is ready to bargain with anything and asks for one hundred rubles for a dead soul.
Teacher: And what interests Sobakevich?
Student: Sobakevich loves to eat. He has a monstrous appetite.(Examples are given, retelling the episodes "Breakfast at the Chief of Police", "Lunch at Sobakevich's").
Teacher:
It should be emphasized that Sobakevich is not only not ashamed of his morbid gluttony, but is proud of it. He even believes that the ability to eat is the main virtue of a Russian person.
There are different patriots
... They value the history of their country, the other - their culture, the third dear to the military victories of their native country. And Sobakevich, as you can see, is a patriot of a special kind. He cannot be called a patriot of Russia - he is a patriot of the Russian stomach.
In a conversation with Chichikov, Sobakevich proved himself to be a good master.
He is well aware of the business qualities of his peasants.
Compare how the peasants live at Sobakevich's and at Manilov's?
Students: Sobakevich's peasants live in prosperity, he takes care that they live better.
(Retells relevant episodes of chapters 2 and 5)
Teacher: Can we conclude from these facts that Sobakevich cares about his peasants?
Student: Gogol himself, in the author's description, indicates that Sobakevich “does not offend” the peasants, because it is to his advantage. He pulls three skins from the peasants. Corvee is not enough for him, he demands a rent of 500 rubles from a peasant.
Teacher:
Sobakevich has the views of a feudal owner.Peasants are slaves to him
, source of income, product. He reproaches Chichikov that he has “a human soul like a steamed turnip,” and then cynically adds: “Give me at least three rubles.”
But perhaps Sobakevich is so cruel only towards serfs, and a different attitude towards people of his circle?
Student : Sobakevich hates all people. One can cite as an example Sobakevich's opinion about city officials. Sobakevich is a fist, he is ready to step on everyone's foot, squeeze, crush a person.
The teacher summarizes: This is what the spiritual world of Sobakevich is like: the absence of any lofty aspirations and interests, noble feelings. The world of profit, the world of property kills all that is beautiful in man. Gogol hyperbolically depicts Sobakevich's ugliness and absurdity, thereby emphasizing his dead-heartedness. WHAT IS HYPERBALL? (let's remember)
The class, under the guidance of the teacher, will try to name the common features of all landowners, writing them down on the board and in notebooks:
a) low cultural level;
b) lack of intellectual queries;
c) striving for enrichment;
d) cruelty in the treatment of serfs;
e) moral uncleanliness;
f) lack of a concept of patriotism.
8. Summing up the results of the conversation. Solution
Teacher: How would you explain the meaning of the title of the poem now?
Student: Gogol calls landowners' dead souls, who lack beautiful human traits, feelings, and aspirations.
9. WE WILL CONTINUE WORKING ON THE LANDSCAPE IMAGES! Homework READ CHAPTER 6. ABOUT PLYUSHKIN. (put in order a comparative table about landlords)
