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In the very year when the fate of Panin's party was decided, when Panin himself lost power, Fonvizin opened a battle in literature and fought to the end. The central moment of this battle was "The Minor", written somewhat earlier, around 1781, but staged in 1782 ...
One of the main characters of the comedy "The Minor" by Fonvizin is Prostakov Mitrofan Terentyevich, the noble son of the Prostakovs. The name Mitrofan means “like”, like a mother. Maybe with this name Mrs. Prostakova wanted to show that her son is a reflection ...
Prostakova is a rude and unbridled nature. She is insolent if she does not meet resistance, and at the same time she is cowardly when she encounters strength. Merciless to those who are in her power, she humiliates herself, is ready to wallow at her feet, begging for a petition ...
DI Fonvizin was destined to live in a rather gloomy era of the reign of Catherine II, when inhuman forms of exploitation of serfs reached the limit, which could only be followed by a peasant revolt. This frightened the Russian autocrat ...
The comedy "The Minor" has absorbed all the experience accumulated by Fonvizin earlier, and in terms of the depth of ideological problems, the courage and originality of the artistic solutions found, it remains an unsurpassed masterpiece of Russian drama of the 18th century ...
The play was conceived by D.I. Fonvizin as a comedy on one of the main themes of the Age of Enlightenment - as a comedy about education. But later the writer's plan changed. The comedy "The Minor" is the first Russian socio-political comedy, and the theme of education is connected ...
Sh. Valentina, pupilstsa8 classB
MAOU gymnasium No. 6 of Tomsk, teacher
Trushina Olga Vitalievna
Tomsk-2016
Content:
introduction (substantiation of the topic, goals and objectives of the study);
main part;
conclusion with the results of the conclusion;
Bibliography;
Appendix
Introduction
Topic: Staging of Fonvizin's comedy "The Minor": history and modernity
Relevance of work lies in the fact that the comedy "The Minor" for over 200 years has been one of the most repertoire plays of the Russian theater. How many famous directors and artists were brought up on this work. Gone are the monarchy and serfdom, but the play reminds people (viewers) of eternal values. The issues of upbringing a citizen, education, attitude to power, money are still important today. It is difficult to imagine a drama theater that would never turn to Fonvizin, would not offer its own version of the production. I study at the Sintez theater studio, and I think we will stage this play as well. It is interesting to know what theatrical performances are offered by the country's theaters to modern audiences.
Purpose of work: prove that D.I. Fonvizin "The Nedorosl" has been of interest to the theater audience for more than two centuries.
Tasks:
Learn the history of the first production of the play;
Permeate theatrical performances of the comedy "The Minor", compare with the text of the play;
To trace what tendencies are characteristic of the modern theater, which puts the comedy "The Little Man" into its repertoire.
Practical significance : this work can be useful in literature lessons for a deeper understanding of the text of the play, for preparing for the OGE and USE in literature, for the possible implementation of the theatrical production of the comedy "The Minor" in the "Sintez" studio
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin worked on the comedy "Minor" for about 3 years. He wrote it in 1781, when the ideas of an enlightened monarchy dominated in Russia. These ideas were widespread, since they were supported by Catherine herself.II... As a nobleman, Fonvizin had the opportunity to observe the supporters of these ideas, their thoughts and delusions, and reflected everyone in his comedy "The Minor".
Fonvizin's innovation as a playwright:
1. The beginning of Russian realistic drama was laid;
2.determined the dependence of a person's character on the environment and circumstances;
3. the typical phenomena of Russian life are shown and typical images are created;
4. the connection between serfdom and the moral character of the nobility has been proved;
5. the dangerous influence of money on a person is predicted.
First production.
The path of comedy to the stage was very difficult. At first it was forbidden to stage it in St. Petersburg, and then in Moscow. However, a little later, permission to stage was given. The premiere took place on 24 September 1782 in St. Petersburg at the Karl Knipper Theater. Denis Fonvizin himself took part in staging this performance, he himself appointed to the roles of actors. The performance made a stunning impression. People were delighted with the author's bold work, because no one had ever created a work where the foundations of the state system would be so openly criticized. Particular attention was paid to the monologues of Starodum (actor Ivan Afanasyevich Dmitrevsky), the monologues were pronounced slowly, on low notes. Fonvizin wrote: "The success was complete." According to legend, Grigory Potemkin, having watched the comedy, said to the author: "Die, Denis, you can't write better." But CatherineIIwas offended by ridiculing the foundations of the state, among the courtiers, the empress, as it were, jokingly complained: "Oh, and Mr. Fonvizin wants to teach me to reign." Later, she cut off all possibilities of publishing Fonvizin's works.
But despite Catherine's harsh reactionII, the production became very popular in Russia. In Moscow, the comedy was staged on May 14, 1783 at the theater of Moscow University, and then 8 performances took place. Provincial theaters in Kharkov, Poltava, Kazan also successfully staged a new play.
But there were sophisticated spectators who were contemptuous of the play. LI Kulakova in the monograph “DI Fonvizin. The biography of the writer ”gives an example:“ Already at the beginning of the 19th century, one of the magazines wrote that the pictures depicted in the comedy did not give people anything “the best tone” and “the middle class and the people like it the most.” For the sake of the persons of the "best tone", the directors shortened the speeches of positive characters and mutilated the language of Prostakova. " (p. 109)
In the 19th century, "The Minor" goes 5-10 times a year. In the period 1813-1827. in Moscow, the comedy was staged 27 times, and in St. Petersburg - 14. It is thanks to the heroes of Fonvizin that the play of Russian actors acquires truthful, vitally reliable features, and a realistic method of acting begins to form. This was especially evident in the work of the great Mikhail Semyonovich Shchepkin (1788-1863), who played all the roles in "The Ignorant". V.I. Zhivokini (1805-1874), an actor destroyed the boundaries of the hall and the stage, could turn to the prompter, improvise, and play the role behind the partner's back with facial expressions. It was one of the best Mitrofanushkas of the 19th century.
Heroes of the comedy "Minor"
There are 13 heroes in the play: nobles, landowners, serfs, commoners. There are main characters, minor and off-stage characters.
Each character has his own speech characteristic.
Kuteikin, an undergraduate seminarian, uses Church Slavonicisms in his speech: "Peace to the house of Vladyka and many years from children and households."
Tsyfirkin, a former soldier, speaks in a military manner clearly: "We wish your honor to live for a hundred years, twenty, and even more."
The language of positive heroes is bookish, filled with public vocabulary and Old Church Slavonicism. In modern productions, it is the monologues of Starodum and Pravdin that are most abbreviated.
For example, these words were removed from the Maly Theater production:
Starodum: “People forget the duty of obedience, seeing in their master himself a slave of his vile passions.
Pravdin: "... from my own deed of my heart, I will not leave to notice those malicious ignoramuses who over their people complete power, use it for evil inhumanly."
But the speech of negative characters in the performances is not reduced.
Common speech, swear words have not changed for more than 200 years. “I will not bark with you, brother. From her old age, father, I never cursed with anyone. I have such a disposition. "
It was the speech of negative heroes that went to the people, became proverbs and sayings:
"I don't want to study, I want to get married" (Mitrofanushka)
"Belena overeat" (Mitrofanushka)
"Learning nonsense" (Skotinin)
"For good, for health" (Skotinin)
Staged by the Maly Theater.
The premiere of the play took place on January 6, 1986, and since then it has firmly entered the repertoire of the Maly Theater. During this time, the cast has changed more than once, but one thing is invariable - the classic reading of Fonvizin's play. Of course, if you meticulously check all the remarks and monologues of the heroes, we will see: after all, something has been edited. Act 1, yavl 1 - Pravdin's reasoning about the command "to bypass the local district ..."
Act 3, yavl.2 - Starodum's words are excluded: “Leave wealth to children! In my head, no. They will be smart, they will do without him; and wealth does not help a foolish son. I've seen good fellows in gold caftans, but with a lead head ... "
Today these words sound more relevant than in the 80s of the 20th century, when the performance was staged.
Act 4, yavl 1 - the dialogue between Starodum and Sophia about reading is excluded. Starodum's thought about Western authors is not outdated: “I happened to read from them everything that was translated into Russian. They, however, eradicate strong prejudices, but they root out virtue. " In the same phenomenon, other monologues of Starodum are also shortened: “Without good behavior, an intelligent person is a monster,” “Think, what is a position? This is a sacred vow ... "
Act 5, yavl 1 - the words about upbringing are excluded: “We see all the unfortunate consequences of bad upbringing. But what can come out of Mitrofanushka for the fatherland, for which ignorant parents still pay money to ignorant teachers? "
The rest of the text is pronounced by the actors word for word. But, thanks to the excellent acting skills, the performance is watched in the 21st century. This is confirmed by the reviews of the audience.
This performance by the Maly Theater is a classic production, "following the author", no jokes, except for those in the comedy, no newfangled directorial innovations, everything is strictly according to the text. I was very afraid of how such a complex (even by ear) text would hold the viewer's attention, but the artists of the old school did a great job.
Yesterday I was with my 12-year-old daughter and her friend at the play "The Minor". At the entrance, when I saw whole classes of children aged 13-14, I immediately thought that the performance might be spoiled. And hearing them scream and shout and clap like football confirmed my worst fears.
But ten minutes later, the children were completely captured by the performance.
Despite the fact that the language is outdated, the children understood everything and were absorbed in the action.
Wonderful performance and wonderful acting. Amazing scenery and costumes, how nice to see such a production! And how modern it is without any attempts and pretensions!
I highly recommend going!
We sat in the second row of the stalls. The teenagers around were serious, did not make noise
The hall is dominated by schoolchildren, because this work is included in the literature program. The Maly Theater is famous for its performances of classics, so the excitement is understandable - the hall is full. We must pay tribute to the teenagers - they watched with pleasure, in silence, almost without rustling and negotiations. (from the site .)
The version of the Maly Theater contains interesting directorial and acting finds.
For example, in act 3, at the end of phenomenon 8, Vralman openly flirts with Prostakova. “Poti, my mother! Saletna bird! With him the tfoy of the voice is on top. "
Act 4, phenomenon 7. Dialogue between Starodum and Skotinin by unexpected serious revelation of both:
Starodum. You are happier than me. People touch me.
Skotinin. And I'm so pigs.
Act 5, phenomenon 4. The plan to kidnap Sophia was thwarted. Prostakova is about to begin to crack down on the serfs. From her threats, it becomes scary. Even a modern teenager understands what the tyranny of a landowner is and how great her power over serfs is: “Well! Now I will give the dawn to the canals to my people. Now I’ll go through all of them one by one. Now I’ll try to find out who let her go. No, scammers! No, thieves! I will not forgive forever, I will not forgive this ridicule! "
I liked the idea of Afanasy Ivanovich Kochetkov, the first performer of the role of Starodum in this production, that “in our vague reality, it is almost impossible to predict how, when and how exactly the morality laid down in the basis of the classical work will respond to the viewer. "
"Musical performances
But oddly enough, fewer and fewer theaters choose the classic comedy production.Sometime in 1969the play was transcribed to music by the renowned composer Yuli Kim. And, the director Julius Eidlin staged the opera "The Minor". The authors have kept all the storylines. As the directors say, they have created a folk opera, in which there is a parody, humor, "bright musical numbers".
Today this performance can be viewed at the Stavropol Academic Drama Theater named after M.Yu. Lermontov.
Director Mikhail Kovalchuk in an interview ("Stavropolskaya Pravda" 2014) shared his findings:
"There will be many unexpected things, for example, Skotinin's musical number in the gavotte style"
Or Starodum, a kind of free man with money ... his number in the style of an old romance.
Thanks to the musical processing, the comedy has become more modern and accessible. "
Source:www.
stavteatr.
ru
The Vologda Youth Theater also followed the same path.
The didactic plot of "The Minor" was turned into an entertaining satirical story, freed from "cumbersomeness and moralizing", retaining the main conflict between ignorance, lack of spirituality and virtue, adorned with the reason of enlightenment (
Fonvizin wrote his comedy back in 1781. The premiere of this play took place in 1782 and left an ambiguous impression on the audience. For that time, it was a non-standard and unexpected setting, rarely who could so easily expose the pressing problems of mankind to the public, open people's eyes to their vices. The "undersized" is still gathering full halls, since the problems raised in it are relevant in our life as well.
The play was conceived by D.I.
Fonvizin, as a comedy on one of the main themes of the Enlightenment - the theme of education. But later the "Minor" grew into something more. In addition to the topic of education, Fonvizin raised the acute problem in society of relations between nobles and serfs.
The comedy, written more than two centuries ago, has not lost its relevance today. One of the central problems in the work is the problem of education. A significant part of the work is devoted to ridiculing Mitrofanushka's upbringing. Mitrofan does not respect the hired teachers, does not want to perceive anything, and his mother, Mrs. Prostakova, indulges him in everything. It is not important for her the education of her son, it is important for her that she can boast that her son has many teachers and even a foreigner among them. She only cares about her own prestige. But even today there are such Mitrofans who do not want to study. Many schoolchildren go to school not for knowledge, but because they "have to".
Equally important was the problem of serfdom. In those years, peasants were treated like things: they could be sold, exchanged for something, and much more. Fonvizin tried to show people the inhumanity of some landowners in relation to serfs using the example of Mrs. Prostakova, who heartlessly mocked the peasants for no reason. The author sympathizes with the fate of ordinary people, such as Trishka and Eremeevna, tries to open people's eyes to the shortcomings of the society in which they live. And although serfdom does not exist in our time, some people still have cruelty and hatred towards others. Class hatred, wars, racial enmity, national conflicts - all this exists in our world. I believe that these problems need to be addressed. Fonvizin in his work very accurately showed that rude, evil and stupid people do not achieve anything good in this life.
The comedy "The Minor" rightfully occupies an important place in classical literature. After all, many years later, the problems raised in it will be relevant, and if society finds a solution to these problems, the "Minor" will remind us of what they left, and why it is not worth returning to the previous way of life.
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin wrote the comedy "Minor" in the era of autocracy. The author makes fun of the system of upbringing and education used in noble families, and creates images of ignorant landowners.
The meaning of the word "undergrowth"
So, let's try to figure out what the word "undergrowth" means. The meaning of the name of the comedy is difficult to determine without understanding its meaning. Initially, this was the name given to young noblemen who had not yet reached the age of majority and had not entered the civil service. The second meaning appeared after the release of Fonvizin's comedy. The word "undergrowth" began to be called a dim-witted young man, a dropout. The main character of the comedy, Mitrofanushka, is the personification of a young man mired in ignorance and stupidity.
Having an idea of the meaning of this word, the meaning of the name of Fonvizin's comedy "The Minor" will be much easier to understand.
Issues raised in comedy
The title of the work is a characteristic of an entire era and raises young nobles and denounces the customs prevailing among the representatives of this class.
Fonvizin selected very bold and original plays "The Minor" for writing. The meaning of the name of the comedy helps to see the problems of society at that time.
All scenes of the work are filled with merciless and caustic satire denouncing the way of life of the Prostakovs and Skotinins.
So, the first problem that worries Fonvizin is the deplorable state of the moral foundations of society. Through the remarks of Starodum and Pravdin, the author expresses the idea that the complete power of the landowners over the serfs and the lack of a proper example on the part of high society became the reason for complete arbitrariness. As a result, representatives of the nobility forgot about their duties and class honor, which practically led to the degeneration of the class.
This is how the problem of degradation of the representatives of the nobility is highlighted in the play "The Minor". The meaning of the name of the comedy is revealed more fully if you know the flaws of society at that time.
The second problem that the author raises is the issue of education. Fonvizin examines it in great detail in the work "Minor". The meaning of the name of the comedy has a lot to do with the gaps in this area. Fonvizin's sarcasm, with which he depicts the scene of the exam of Mitrofanushka, is a sentence to the upbringing of the Skotinins and Prostakovs.
This problem worries the author so much for the reason that we are talking about the advanced members of society. It is bad that a young nobleman, whose duty is to serve the Fatherland, is brought up in the absence of moral principles with complete indifference of parents to the interests of society. The comedy hero, Mitrofan, had no other desires but to drive pigeons, eat and marry.
Court life is an example for such an upbringing, because the nobles have long forgotten what serving for the benefit of the state is.
Comedy idea
The meaning of the name of Fonvizin's comedy "The Minor" will become clearer if we turn to the idea that the author laid down in his work. Denis Ivanovich wanted to show that the "undersized" will forever remain "undersized" and will never change, will not develop morally and spiritually.
The meaning of the name of the protagonist
It literally translates into Russian as “revealing his mother,” which means he is like her. And there is. The boy's mother is a leader in the family, it is her that he strives to be like. Mitrofanushka is not devoid of a natural mind, ingenuity, but uses these qualities exclusively in his own interests. He's a mama's boy. Mitrofanushka is spoiled, absurd, capricious.
The meaning of the title of the play "The Minor" is revealed to an even greater extent after the realization that the name was not chosen by the author by chance.
Relevance of the problem of education
To understand to what extent the education that Fonvizin raises in his work, you need to understand what is happening in modern society.
Of course, school these days is not always able to awaken a child's interest in learning. In addition, many parents strive to give education, because it is necessary, for show, often bringing this understanding to the child.
As a result, it turns out that even in our time, the problem identified by the author of the comedy "The Minor" has not lost its relevance.
What comedy can teach a child
Above were outlined the main points that Fonvizin wanted to convey to the readers in the play "The Minor". The characterization of comedy cannot be complete without indicating what this work can teach the child.
Using the example of Mitrofanushka, who is ridiculed by the author, an eighth grade student can come to understand how important it is to study, to be independent, and responsible.
The relevance of this comedy is manifested in the fact that it is often staged in the theater. Spectators of all ages watch it with pleasure, laugh and, of course, draw the necessary conclusions.
In order to understand the relevance of the comedy "The Minor" in our time, it is enough to recall what are the main problems raised in it. This work was written at the end of the 18th century by the outstanding Russian classic D.I.Fonvizin. The author presented in it heroes from various strata of the population and their vices. Among the main characters are nobles, and serfs, and ordinary servants, and impostor teachers, and civil servants.
The comedy, first of all, condemns the traditional upbringing of the nobility and its "ill will". The central character is a young nobleman, an "ignoramus" who received a written certificate of training from a teacher. People like him were not accepted into the service and they were not given documents allowing marriage. The moral issues raised by the author in the work are undoubtedly relevant to this day. There is only one difference between modernity and two hundred years ago. Serfdom has long been abolished, so society now does not consist of serfs and nobles.
For the rest, you can easily see all the problems associated with upbringing and education even in our time. After all, a high position in society is often occupied by people who are not entirely educated and have a low level of education, while many more literate people remain in secondary roles. The problem of "undergrowth" has always existed. There have always been those in society who did not want to learn and did not take useful sciences into account. So here, Fonvizin showed the Prostakov family - domineering, tough and ready to go for almost anything for their own benefit.
