Preview:
Municipal educational institution
"Volga city lyceum" of the Republic of Mari El
Lesson summary on the topic:
"Is the Dreamer happy?"
(Based on the story of F.M. Dostoevsky "White Nights", 9th grade)
Volzhsk
2011
Lesson Objectives:
Tutorials: develop text analysis skills
Developing: develop emotional memory, attention, active, creative, associative thinking, oral speech, the ability to analyze, compare, draw conclusions.
Educators: cultivate love for the Russian language, careful attitude by the way; conscientiousness, curiosity, the ability to see, hear, appreciate the beautiful in the world around.
Equipment:
- Kuindzhi's painting "Moonlight Night";
- Drawings by M. Dobuzhinsky for F.M. Dostoevsky "White Nights";
- Portrait of F.M. Dostoevsky
- Recording of slow instrumental music;
- Magnetic board (statements about F.M. Dostoevsky printed on sheets, aphorisms of the writer, etc.)
During the classes.
Introduction by the teacher.
Guys, hello, sit down. Please look at each other. Do you notice anything new? We are so used to each other, to the image created by our stereotypes, that we probably never thought about the fact that every person is a mystery, a riddle. And the great Russian writer F.M. will help us to touch this mystery today. Dostoevsky. This is truly a brilliant writer. Suffice it to say that his novel "Crime and Punishment" is the very first in the cycle 10 great novels of the 20th century, prepared by Oxford experts.
1848 Dostoevsky is 26 years old. He seemed to himself already a deep old man, who had seen everything and survived everything: the death of his relatives, and unrequited, unspoken even love (for A.Ya. Panaeva), and the game of inexplicable fate, and the burden of the short-term glory of a genius (Dostoevsky’s first story “Poor People” was very favorably received by criticism), wounded by the ridicule of people, and, finally, the despair of loneliness, a feeling of terrible emptiness from misunderstanding. (“Double” is ridiculed, “Mistress” is scolded), and ahead - nothing and why write, and live for what? It’s good that at this time next to you is the same as you, a dreamer, a friend of the poet Alexei Pleshcheev.
And the nights were wonderful .... The famous St. Petersburg white nights ... A feature of the northern summer - White Night more than once attracted the attention of writers and poets. Let's try and feel the beauty of the white nights….
2) Poetic "five minutes"(Students read poems by Russian poets about white nights to the recording of instrumental music) (see Appendix).
3) Continuation of the teacher's words.
In 1848, the most poetic and lyrical of the works of F.M. Dostoevsky "White Nights". Guys, write in a notebook:
F.M. Dostoevsky (1821 - 1881)
Sentimental novel. From the memories of a dreamer.
A short story and such an unusual title. Probably not by chance. Literary scholar J. Mann identified 7 words of the title as seven keys to the “ artistic mystery» story. From these keys we will begin our work on the work of F.M. Dostoevsky.
The writer defined the genre of his work as novel . The fact is that in the 40s of the 19th century. romance like literary genre meant, first of all, the invention of personal life ordinary people. No wonder the second meaning of the word novel is a love story.
Let's not forget the word "sentimental". What does it mean?
Student response. Sentimental (from French Sentiment - feeling), i.e., addressed to the image of the life of the heart in its subtlest manifestations. So, in the work it will be important not what happens to the characters, but what they will feel, experience, how they will perceive what is happening.
Dostoevsky called his work "White Nights"What do you think is hidden in this name?The name combines romantic symbolism (night is the time of dreams, the time of poetry) with an exact indication of the St. Petersburg origin of the characters and the St. Petersburg character of the story. And if you translate the title of the story into French, then it acquires an additional meaning - “sleepless nights”. It's not easy to fall asleep on nights like this, it seems that something must happen.
4) Conversation with the class on the teacher's questions.
- From the memories of a dreamer. Guys, from what person is the story being told. Why?
(Such a story sounds like a confession, a spiritual confession).
- Does it main character name?
(No, He is simply called - Dreamer)
The image of the Dreamer is one of the central in the work of the young Dostoevsky. And later, in her 70s, Dostoevsky was going to write a big novel called The Dreamer. This theme worried Dostoevsky all his life. The image of the Dreamer in White Nights is autobiographical: the writer himself stands behind it.
- Guys, who is Dreamer ? Dreamer is it good or bad? (children's answers).
Guys, the famous critic Belinsky gave his interpretation of the image of the Dreamer.
(Speech with Belinsky's message about the Dreamer).
So, according to Belinsky, daydreaming has gone and cloying. Dostoevsky himself had an ambiguous attitude towards his hero
(performance with the opinion of Dostoevsky).
Teacher . So, on the one hand, F. M. Dostoevsky claims that ghostly life is a sin, because it leads away from the real reality.
But on the other side?
- Guys, what about the other side?
Write down the problematic question of our lesson in your notebook.?
(D / z: Write an essay - reasoning on this topic). (We post it on a magnetic board under a problematic issue)
Is a person a happy dreamer
Guys, everyone understands the word happiness in its own way, but there is a common thing that unites, it seems to me, the opinions of all people. Let's turn to the sensible Ozhegov's dictionary : (written on the board)
Happiness – 1) feeling and state of complete and supreme satisfaction;
2) Success and luck.
Happiness - First of all, a sense of harmony, agreement with oneself.
Tell me What state of the hero's soul does Dostoevsky indicate at the very beginning?
(Answers: Loneliness)
Definitely a dreamer lonely . Guys, can loneliness be considered a state Happy human? (No) (the answer is posted on the board). Infinitely lonely, embarrassed when he has to talk to people, the hero of the story is endowed with the ability to subtly feel the beauty and poetry of the unremarkable corners of the city.
Guys, how does a dreamer perceive the city?
(answers : He perceives the city poetically. Every building is a living being for him).
But most of all, the Dreamer remembered the story of One House. Let's read the passage. (Reading a passage (by heart) expressively see the appendix)
Guys, let's turn to the skill of Dostoevsky - the artist. What colors does the author use in the passage? ( pink ? Why?) “Sentry, the house is being painted yellow!” Guys, which of you don't like yellow ? Is there a word in the passage that could be put on a par with this word? (Bile).
Guys, the literary critic V. Kozhinov noticed (with the opinion of V. Kozhinov speaks pupil )
V. Kozhinov noted that during the life of Dostoevsky, yellow and bilious were written through about .
“This writing is somehow rougher and more expressive. It would be worth restoring this inscription even now: it would emphasize the special meaning that Dostoevsky put into this word.
What is the significance of Dostoevsky?
In Ozhegov's dictionary, the meaning of the word bilious - irritable, angry.
The Dreamer's heart does not accept anything bilious, evil, ugly.
Is the Dreamer comfortable in his solitude?(The dreamer is lonely, but his soul is drawn to people).
Hero like all dreamers, daydreaming about Love.
One day fate sent him meeting .
Walking sleeplessly at night along the embankment of the Catherine Canal, the Dreamer met girl . Let's read the description of her appearance (reading the passage).
Guys, what worries you about this passage, what seems illogical?
(answer: The girl was in a pretty yellow hat).
Why do you think gall yellow appears next to the word " cute" ? (answer guys).
What was the Dreamer's mood on the night he met Nastenka?(Good, cheerful).
Why?
The dreamer is intoxicated with the beauty of the St. Petersburg summer night. Yielding to her charm, the hero perceives the world around poetically. He feels harmony in everything, his mood is joyful, at such a moment he is not even annoyed by the unloved yellow color.
Can the hero perceive and feel the beauty of the surrounding world?(Yes).
Is the ability to feel beauty a gift of a happy or unhappy person?
(Happy. (We attach a sheet with the right answer to the board)).
The hero starts dating Nastenka.
Did the hero love anyone before her?(dream, ideal).
What attracted the hero to Nastenka?(that she is not the Mistress).
Guys, how do you understand the meaning of the word Not hostess? (answer).
The hero intuitively felt dreaminess, purity, naivety in Nastenka.
He realized that love for Nastenka would save him from fruitless daydreaming and quench his thirst for real life.
In one of the meetings, Nastenka asked the Dreamer to tell her his story.
What did the Dreamer say?(I don't have a history).
Tell us briefly about the life of the Dreamer(answers).
What does the hero dream about?
What word can describe the existence of the Dreamer?(unsettled life).
Do you think it doesunsettled lifeDreamer happy man?(Not).
(We attach a sheet to the board: “unsettled life”).
And what is the story of Nastya? What brings her closer to the Dreamer? (Loneliness, reading circle, dreams).
What does Nastya dream about?(answers).
In one of the meetings, Nastenka told the Dreamer that she loved another.
How did the hero react to this message?(answer).
Do you think the Dreamer loved Nastenka?Support with examples from the text. (Loved when you love - you wish a person well).
Guys, one of my favorite poets Veronica Tushnova has these lines:
I smile and my heart cries
On lonely evenings
I love you, that means
I wish you well.
Which of the Russian poets do we meet with such an attitude towards love?(A. S. Pushkin “I loved you”).
The hero of "White Nights" is unaware of selfish motives. He is ready to sacrifice everything for another and seeks to arrange Nastenka's happiness without thinking for a moment that Nastenka's love for him is the only thing he can get from life: This feeling is disinterested, trusting and as pure as white nights.
How did the love story between Nastenka and the Dreamer end?
Nastenka wrote the hero a letter saying that she was marrying someone else. Let us turn to the skill of Dostoevsky - a psychologist. See how the character's state of mind changes after reading the letter (expressive reading).
What is the name of the technique used by Dostoevsky in the phrase young old woman . What is it for?(answers).
So, the hero experienced unrequited love
Is he happy? The answer is posted on the board. (Not). Having experienced unhappy love, the hero again returns to his terrible state - Loneliness.
So, is a dreamer a happy person?
(Answers. Work with those signs that are posted on a magnetic board).
Yes, at first glance, the Dreamer seems to us a deeply unhappy person. However, there is no hopeless tragedy here. Let's read the last lines of the work: (reading).
“A whole minute of bliss, isn’t that enough even for the whole human life?”
A dreamer knows how to appreciate every moment of life, every minute of happiness! ( last page posted on the board). And with gratitude perceives life as God's gift . And this is not given to everyone.
Happiness, according to Dostoevsky, is not life's luck, but a simple, sincere manifestation of life, even sad or tragic - this is Dostoevsky's thought. Guys, learn to see the beauty around, appreciate happy moments, and then Dostoevsky’s well-known phrase “Beauty will save the world” acquires, in my opinion, an additional meaning: The ability to see and hear this beauty will make humanity kinder, happier, more humane. I want to finish the lesson with a poem by I. A. Bunin “Evening”. (reading).
"Man is unhappy because he does not know that he is happy"
(F. M. Dostoevsky).
Application .
On the magnetic board at the end of the lesson, a diagram is obtained.
Poems about white nights.
("poetic five-minute").
Azure vault
In the mirror of the waters
Shines, admiring its beauty:
Barely - Barely
Noisy Neva,
In the granite shores, worrying ....
(A. Komarov "Night").
*****
Breathe with happiness
voluptuousness
intoxicating night
Silent night,
blue
Heaven's northern daughter.
……………..
Shine with the freshness of sapphire
Sky, air and Neva
And, bathing in peaceful moisture
The islands are green
(P. Vyazemsky "Petersburg Night").
******
The city sleeps, shrouded in mist
Lights flicker a little...
Far away, beyond the Neva,
I see reflections of dawn
In this distant reflection
In these flashes of fire
Awakening lurks
Sad days for me...
(A. Blok)
*****
White night red month
Floats in the blue
Wandering ghostly beautiful
Reflected in the Neva.
I see and dream
Fulfillment of secret thoughts.
Is there good in you?
Red moon, quiet noise?...
(A. Blok)
Leaflets are hung on the board throughout the lesson, on the left side - signs of a happy person, on the right - unhappy. The results are compared at the end of the lesson.
The author himself called this work a "sentimental novel", telling a story on behalf of the hero himself, a young man with a wide and rich inner world prone to daydreaming and idealistic perception of the life around him.
The young man is ready to give his sincere love and devotion to any person he meets on the streets of St. Petersburg, although those around him are not even aware of his existence. He rejoices in other people's positive mood, seeing that other people are "fun", at the same time he "mopes" if they suddenly "fog".
The guy also has the most tender feelings even for those present in his Everyday life inanimate things, claiming that he is “familiar at home” as well. In his opinion, they seem to be interested in the health of the dreamer and his fate, the young man lives in the world of his own fantasies, creating a personal perception of the world and a special reality in his imagination.
One evening, a young Petersburger accidentally meets an ordinary girl on the street, in whom he sees an amazing, "beautiful stranger." In addition, he has the opportunity to protect her from the unceremonious harassment of a certain man, and the young poet immediately falls in love with this creature, or rather, with the image that he invents for himself. According to him, he has repeatedly experienced passionate feelings for the "ideal", which "dreams in a dream."
At the same time, the naive romantic is distinguished not only by his tendency to constantly immerse himself in his dreams, he is also a man of action. Having fallen in love with a girl named Nastenka at first sight, although the young man absolutely does not know her, he immediately tries to help her in everything, including achieving happiness with a person to whom his new acquaintance is not indifferent. He understands that the day will be a real tragedy for him when Nastenka connects her fate with another, and this catastrophe really happens to the simple-minded, almost unaware real life dreamer.
The girl actually decides to leave him, although she had previously promised to become his eternal companion. In her last letter, Nastenka ardently asks "not to leave her", claiming that at this moment she sincerely loves the young resident of St.
Many critics believe that this hero F.M. Dostoevsky simply could not fully realize himself and his truly rich nature in his first real relationship with a representative of the opposite sex. But for a person who perceives the world from such a romantic, idealistic and at the same time sad point of view, love, most likely, could only be a very beautiful, piercing, but unhappy feeling.
The young man calls himself a "dreamer" who has very little "real life". However, he would hardly be able to descend to reality from his sublime world that exists in his imagination, and begin to think and feel in the same way as ordinary men do.
For contemporary readers this character may seem too detached from the true, living world, his impracticality and unwillingness to at least try to fight for his beloved can cause obvious irritation. But when studying this story, the question involuntarily arises whether such people actually exist, whether they are still found today. The final lines of the work about “a whole minute of bliss”, which, according to the protagonist, will be enough for “the whole human life”, cannot remain indifferent, the strange and naive dreamer inevitably evokes sympathy, sympathy and even admiration for his exclusivity and dissimilarity to others.
The image of the dreamer in the story White Nights, there is an opinion that this is Dostoevsky himself.
"White Nights" is the most sentimental work of Fyodor Dostoevsky.
Its protagonist is the unnamed Dreamer, a sad and lonely man. One day he meets a girl Nastasya, whom he falls in love with and who, it seems, will change his life for the better.
Nastasya, innocent and also lonely, tells him her sad story - how she lives with her grandmother, who does not let her go far from her and pins her to her dress with a pin so that she does not run away; how she fell in love with a visiting guest who promised her in a year to pick her up from her gloomy grandmother's house; how she waited for him all the agreed time, but he did not appear, although he arrived in the city.
Nastenka decides to leave with the Dreamer, as she already sees in him her savior and kindred soul. However, suddenly she meets that lover and runs away to him, leaving the Dreamer. He is lonely again, although he forgives the girl.
Forever alive, forever alone
We can say that the real life of the Dreamer, bright and sensual, fit into these few nights, during which he met with Nastenka; everything else is aimless wandering alone. At the same time, the dreamer is a rather symbolic character: the reader does not know anything about his family, education, occupation. This was noted by the first critics of the story, considering it the main weak point of the work.
Nevertheless, they pointed out that in the image of the Dreamer, the features of Ivan Petrovich, the hero of the future novel “The Humiliated and Insulted”, are visible. So thought Dobrolyubov, who generally negatively assessed the story. The dreamer, in his opinion, is an empty and insensitive person if he cannot defend the love of his life and yields to an unknown guest.
Other critics responded differently to the story:
- Apollon Grigoriev called it the best creation in the style of "sentimental naturalism", despite the fact that the style itself was considered unviable;
- S. S. Dudyshkin called "White Nights" one of the best works released in 1848; he also noted that it lacked the shortcomings that Dostoyevsky was often reproached for;
- A. V. Druzhinin also highly appreciated the story, although he noted that it lacked details and a more complete disclosure of characters.
This is a story by Fyodor Dostoevsky, which was first published in the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski in 1848. The writer dedicated his work to A.N. Pleshcheev, a friend of youth. Perhaps this person is the prototype of the main character, since it is known that at this time he was thinking about his own version of the story, the hero of which is in the clouds. The characteristics of the dreamer from the story "White Nights" will be considered in our article.
We are all dreamers
"White Nights", according to many researchers of the writer's work, is one of his most poetic and bright works. Dostoevsky himself, in addition, wrote that we are all dreamers to some extent. That is, the story in a sense can be called autobiographical. After all, Fedor Mikhailovich, like the protagonist of the work, often recalled his dreams. He wrote that in his youthful fantasy he sometimes liked to imagine himself as Mary, then Pericles, then as a knight in a tournament, then as a Christian during the reign of Nero, etc. The atmosphere of this work is romantic, as are the images of its main characters - a young girl and a raznochintsy official. Both of them have a pure soul.
Meeting with Nastenka
The story consists of five parts. At the same time, four of them describe nights, and the final one describes morning. The young man, the protagonist, is a dreamer who has lived in St. Petersburg for eight years, but could not find friends in this city. He went out one summer day for a walk. But suddenly it seemed to the hero that the whole city had gone to the dacha. Being a lonely person, the dreamer felt with great force his isolation from the rest. He decided to walk out of town. Returning from a walk, the main character noticed a young girl (Nastenka) sobbing at the railing of the canal.
They started talking. These events begin the story "White Nights" Dostoevsky.
Character of the main character
Having chosen the form of narration in the first person, the author of the work gave it the features of a confession, reflections of an autobiographical nature. Characteristically, Dostoevsky did not name his hero. This technique strengthens the association with a close friend of the writer or the author himself. All his life the image of a dreamer worried Fyodor Mikhailovich. He even wanted to write a novel of the same name.
The characterization of the dreamer from the story "White Nights" is as follows. In the work, the main character is a full of strength, educated young man. However, he calls himself a lonely and timid dreamer. This character lives in romantic dreams that have replaced reality for him. Everyday worries and affairs are not interesting to him. He performs them only out of necessity and feels like a stranger in this world. The poor dreamer hides in the dark corners of St. Petersburg, where the sun never looks. This person is always confused, he constantly feels guilty. The hero has ridiculous manners, stupid speech.
The external characteristics of the dreamer from the story "White Nights" are very meager. The emphasis is made by the author on his work. So, we cannot say what he does, where he serves. This depersonalizes him even more. The dreamer lives without friends, and he has never met girls. Because of this, the hero becomes the object of hostility and ridicule of others. He compares himself with a dirty, rumpled kitten, looking at the world with enmity and resentment.
It always feels like main character is a small boy or a feverish teenager. The confusing confessions and excessive emotions that he splashes out chaotically seem to have absolutely nothing to do with the situation. He does not know the world at all, as the description of the dreamer from the story "White Nights" shows. If a girl decides to connect her life with this hero, tender sighs await her, but such a person will not invite her to visit or to the theater - only a ban at home and make her a hostage of sentimentality. The characteristic of the dreamer allows us to draw such a conclusion.
The sinfulness of the dreamer's life, his creative powers
Fedor Mikhailovich believes that such a ghostly life is sinful, since it takes a person away from the world of reality. He turns into a "strange creature" of some kind of "neuter kind". The dreams of the protagonist at the same time have a creative value. After all, this man, as Dostoevsky notes, is the artist of his own life. He creates it according to his arbitrariness every hour.
"Extra Man"
The dreamer is a type of so-called superfluous person. However, his criticism is directed only inwards. He does not despise society, like Pechorin or Onegin. This hero feels sincere sympathy for strangers. A dreamer-altruist is able to serve another person, to come to his aid.
Reflection of the mood in society in the work
Many of Dostoevsky's contemporaries had a tendency to dream about something unusual and bright. Disappointment and despair reigned in society, which were caused by the defeat of the Decembrists. After all, the upsurge of the liberation movement, which took place in the 1960s, has not yet matured. Fyodor Mikhailovich himself was able to give up empty dreams in favor of the ideals of democracy. However, the protagonist of "White Nights" did not manage to escape from the captivity of dreams, although he understood the perniciousness of his own attitude.
Nastenka
Contrasted with this hero-dreamer, Nastenka is an active girl. Dostoevsky created the image of a romantic and sophisticated beauty who is a hero, although a little naive and childish. Causes the respect of this girl, her desire to fight for her own happiness. However, Nastenka herself needs support.
The love experienced by the dreamer
Dostoevsky ("White Nights") in his work describes the pure, sincere feeling of a dreamer. The hero's selfish motives are unknown. He is ready to sacrifice everything for another, therefore he seeks to arrange the happiness of this girl, without thinking for a minute that Nastya's love is the only thing he has in this life. The feeling of a dreamer is trusting, disinterested. It is as pure as white nights. Love saves the hero from his "sin" (that is, daydreaming), allows him to quench his thirst for the fullness of life. However, his fate is sad. He is single again. F. Dostoevsky ("White Nights"), however, does not leave hopeless tragedy in the finale of the story. Again the dreamer blesses his beloved.
This story is a kind of idyll. This is the author's utopia about what people could be if they showed better feelings. The work "White Nights", in which the dreamer is a generalized, typical character, is rather a dream of a beautiful, different life than Dostoevsky's reflection of reality.
Dreamers in Tolstoy and Dostoevsky
It is interesting to look at the ideas of the protagonist about happiness (the ideal of compassion and brotherhood) through the prism of Tolstoy's work "After the Ball". The description of the dreamer ("White Nights") in the light of this story becomes especially prominent. The endless isolation from life and sentimentality of Dostoevsky's hero contrast sharply with the deep feelings inherent in the young romantic from Tolstoy's work. He, unlike the first, makes serious decisions. The hero of Fyodor Mikhailovich is completely immersed in his experiences. For him, somewhere in the side there is an outside world. Own dreams are the only motive for performing this or that action, as shown by the dreamer ("White Nights") and his "double" from the story "After the Ball". Any sentimentality is an indicator of a lack of understanding of urgent needs, spiritual loneliness, a consequence of a feeling of alienation from the world that owns a person. F. Dostoevsky ("White Nights") nevertheless sympathizes with the hero and does not condemn him.
F.M. Dostoevsky wrote the story "White Nights" in the last months of the autumn of 1847, soon, already in 1848, the work was published by the journal "Domestic Notes".
Earlier, the writer was already interested in the topic of "Petersburg dreamers", on this topic in 1847 he wrote several articles-feuilletons, which were included in the large feuilleton "Petersburg Chronicle". But Dostoevsky published these articles almost anonymously, signing feuilletons with the letters "F.M." Later, critics found that part of the material from the feuilleton was included in the story "White Nights" - a description of the life of the heroes, their characteristics.
The story is dedicated to A.N. Pleshcheev, a friend of Dostoevsky's youth, and some critics argue that Pleshcheev became the prototype of the protagonist. Some, however, object that the image of the protagonist is the image of the youngest Dostoevsky, and it is no coincidence that the author narrates in the first person, hinting at autobiography.
Analysis of the work
Genre features, composition, content of the story
The writer accompanies the story with two subtitles: "A sentimental novel" and "From the memories of a dreamer." Both subtitles indicate that the story belongs to a certain genre and literary movement. The first - directly, the second - indirectly, because diary entries, memoirs, retrospectives are becoming a common method of presentation in sentimental literature. The writer calls the story a novel, also based on sentimentalist views. For the same reasons, the protagonist of the story has no name, the author simply calls him "The Dreamer".
However, in terms of genre, White Nights is certainly not sentimentalism in its purest form, rather, “sentimental naturalism”, because both the place and the characters are quite real, moreover, deeply social and belong to the category of “little people” praised by Dostoevsky. But in the story "White Nights" there are traces of utopianism, because the characters turned out to be too pure, too sterile, honest in their feelings.
The poem “The Flower” by I. Turgenev served as an epigraph to the story, the lyrical hero of which picks a flower that grows peacefully in the shade of trees and pins it to his buttonhole. Turgenev argues: beautiful flowers do not grow for momentary pleasures (read - people live), but a person takes them with an imperious hand, plucks them and dooms them to a quick death (read - seduces, first loves and exalts, then leaves). Dostoevsky slightly alters Turgenev's statement, making a question out of it: « …Or was it created in order to stay at least for a moment, in the neighborhood of your heart? That is, Dostoevsky comes to the conclusion that sometimes touching love, walking along the edge of unhappy happiness - this is the whole life, you can devote yourself to this single memory, as the Dreamer does.
Compositionally, the story consists of 5 chapters, 4 chapters are devoted to nights in St. Petersburg, the last one is called "Morning". The construction is symbolic: romantic nights are the stages of the protagonist's consistent love for main character, stages of his development, and at the end he, morally perfect, stands on the threshold of his morning - insight. He found love, but unrequited, therefore, on the morning of his insight, he yields his love to another, gets rid of dreams and, experiencing a real feeling, makes a real deed.
Morning simultaneously dispels empty hopes and breaks off a series of wonderful meetings, it becomes the beginning and end of the hero's drama.
The plot of the story
The plot of the story: the young man, on behalf of whom the story is being told, came to St. Petersburg 8 years ago. It works, and free time looks at cityscapes and daydreams. One day, he rescues a girl on the embankment who is being chased by a drunk. The girl tells the Dreamer that she is waiting on the embankment of her lover, who was going to come for her exactly a year ago, having made an appointment for these days. For several days the girl waits for him, but he does not come, and she begins to despair. The dreamer communicates with Nastenka, takes upon himself the transfer of the letter to her lover, and falls in love with the girl himself. Nastenka also falls in love, and they are even going to get married, when suddenly the former lover appears again and takes Nastenka away. A cold dank Petersburg morning is coming, the Dreamer feels sobering and devastated.
main characters
The main character of the story is the Dreamer - the author's favorite image of a lonely person, completely isolated from the outside world and living in a vicious circle of his dreams.
Dreamer - 26-year-old resident of St. Petersburg. He is educated, but poor, has certain prospects, but has no worldly desires. He serves somewhere, but does not get along with colleagues and other people around him - for example, women. He is not interested in either the domestic side of life, or money, or girls, he is constantly immersed in ghostly romantic dreams and during periods of contact with the outside world experiences a painful feeling of alienation from this world. He compares himself to a dirty kitten, not needed by anyone in the world and experiencing reciprocal resentment and enmity. However, he would not be unresponsive if they needed him - after all, people are not repulsive to him, he would be ready to help someone, capable of empathy.
The dreamer is a typical "little man" (social position, inability to act, immobility, invisibility of existence) and " extra person”(he feels himself as such, despising only himself for his uselessness).
The main character, 17-year-old Nastenka, is opposed to the Dreamer as an active character. Despite the outward fragility and naivety and young age, she is stronger than the Dreamer in the search for happiness. The writer uses many words with diminutive suffixes - "eyes", "handles", "pretty", emphasizing the childishness and spontaneity of the image, its playfulness, restlessness, like a child's. The habits of a child, her heart is a real woman: she skillfully uses the help of an adult man, but at the same time, clearly recognizing his sensitive and indecisive nature, stubbornly does not notice his feelings. At a critical moment, however, when it becomes clear that her lover has abandoned her, she quickly orients herself and finally notices these very feelings. At the moment of the appearance of a potential husband, he again looks at the feelings of the Dreamer as a friendly participation. However, is it worth blaming the girl for changeability? In the end, she faithfully waited for her main happiness for a whole year, and there is no insincerity in the fact that she almost went over to the Dreamer - the life of a lonely fragile girl in a large and hostile Petersburg is not easy and dangerous, she needs support and support.
Nastenka writes a letter to the Dreamer thanking him for participating in her story. Having received the letter, the Dreamer does not feel sadness - he sincerely wishes the girl happiness and, repeating the idea of the epigraph, says that a whole minute of bliss with Nastenka is something that is enough for a human life.
Dostoevsky's contemporaries saw French utopian ideas in the story, which they were all passionate about. The main thesis of the utopians of the 1840s was the desire for a silent feat, sacrifice, the rejection of love in favor of other people. Dostoevsky was deeply devoted to these ideas, which is why the type of love he describes is so ideal.
