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Spiritual life of society grade 10
Teacher of history and social studies MBOU "Lyceum of Yurga" Sazanskaya Yu.A.
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Spiritual life of society
the area of \u200b\u200bbeing, in which objective reality is given to people not in the form of opposing objective activity, but as a reality that is present in the person himself, which is an integral part of his personality.
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Definition of the concept
1. The word "Culture" (from Lat. Cultura - cultivation, upbringing, education) in the broadest sense means everything created by man - this is a "second nature" created by man 2. "Culture" - all types of transformative human activity, as well as its results - a set of material and spiritual values \u200b\u200bcreated by man
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In connection with the existence of two types of activity - material and spiritual - two main spheres of the existence and development of culture can be distinguished.
Material culture Spiritual culture
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Features:
Material culture Is associated with the production and development of objects of the material world, with a change in the physical nature of a person: material and technical means of labor, communication, cultural and domestic facilities, production experience, skills, skills of people, etc. Spiritual culture A set of spiritual values \u200b\u200band creative activity in their production, development and application: science, art, religion, morality, politics, law, etc.
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Functions of culture
Cognitive. Formation of a holistic view of the people, country, era. Estimated. Implementation of value differentiation, enrichment of traditions. Regulatory (normative). Formation of a system of norms and requirements of society for all individuals in all areas of life and activity (norms of morality, law, behavior).
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Informative. Transfer and exchange of knowledge, values \u200b\u200band experience of previous generations. Communicative. Preservation, transfer and replication of cultural property; development and improvement of the personality through communication. Socialization. Assimilation by an individual of a system of knowledge, norms, values, accustoming to social roles, normative behavior.
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The structure of the spiritual life of society
Spiritual needs. Spiritual activity (spiritual production). Spiritual goods (values).
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Forms of culture
Elite - created by a privileged part of society, or by its order by professional creators. Folk - created by anonymous creators who have no professional training (myths, legends, epics, fairy tales, songs, dances). Mass is a concept used to characterize modern cultural production and consumption (concert and pop music, pop culture, without distinction of classes, nations, level of material status, standardization of culture).
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Varieties of culture
Subculture is a part of general culture, a system of values \u200b\u200binherent in a certain group (gender and age: women, children, youth, etc.; professional: scientific community, modern business, etc.; leisure (according to preferred activities in free time); religious; ethnic; criminal ).
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Subcultures based on fans of various genres of music:
Goths - fans of gothic rock and gothic metal Janglistas - fans of jungle and drum & bass Transera - fans of the style of electronic music "trance". Metalists - fans of metal and its varieties Punks - fans of punk rock Rastamans - fans of reggae (see also Rastafarianism) Ravers - fans of rave, dance music and discos Rappers - fans of rap and hip-hop Emo - fans of emo and post-hardcore
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Image subcultures distinguished by style of clothing and behavior
Cyber \u200b\u200bGoths Mods Nudists Hipsters Teddy Boys Military Freaks
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The influence of mass culture on the spiritual life of society
Positive Affirms simple and understandable ideas about the human world, which allows many people to better navigate in a modern, rapidly changing world. Her works do not act as a means of author's self-expression, but are directly addressed to the viewer, taking into account his needs. Differs in democracy (representatives of different social groups use her "products"), which corresponds to our time. Has its heights - literary, musical, cinematographic works, which are already essentially can be classified as "high" art
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Exercise 1
1. All forms and directions of culture are closely related to each other. Products of an elite culture may well become part of a mass culture. Mass and folk cultures are also interconnected. Illustrate with any three examples the relationship and interaction between different forms of culture. (First write down the relationship illustrated, then the specific example.)
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Assignment 2
2. What form of culture can ballet be attributed to? Name any three hallmarks of ballet by which you identified this.
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Assignment 3
3. One of the lessons in grade 10 took place at an exhibition in the historical museum. The schoolchildren were shown laces, fabrics, clothes made by peasant women for holidays, weekdays, special events, as well as clay figurines of animals in the form of whistles made at home. Guess what form of culture the exhibited works belong to, and indicate how this can be determined. Name any two signs of this form of culture that are not reflected in the condition.
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Science as a component of culture
Science is a sphere of creative activity aimed at obtaining, substantiating, systematizing and evaluating new knowledge about nature, society, and man. Science is a certain social institution, consisting of a system of research institutions, associations, centers, scientific activities of scientists
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Features:
The principle of objectivity, i.e. study of the world as it is, regardless of the person. The result obtained should not depend on opinions, preferences, authorities. Rationalistic soundness. Systematic knowledge (scientific knowledge is expressed in the form of a theory or a detailed theoretical concept). Verifiability using various methods of scientific knowledge.
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Functions of science
Cultural and worldview Direct productive force of society (involvement in production, catalyst for the process of improving production Social function (science data are used to develop plans and programs for social and economic development)
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Education as a component of culture
Education is a purposeful process of upbringing, training and human development in the interests of society and the state
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Features (principles) of education
humanization - the needs and interests of the child, humanistic values \u200b\u200band ideals 2.humanitarization - an increase in the number of humanitarian subjects 3.internationalization - the formation of a single education system for different countries, the relationship and partnership of different education systems
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Religion (lat.religae - to connect)
Religion is a system of teachings, beliefs and cult actions associated with a person's faith in God and supernatural forces. Religion is a social institution
The essence of religion is Faith in God - this is the fulfillment of the expected and confidence in the invisible
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Education Science Morality Religion Arts, institutions of science, culture and religion
Spiritual realm
Political sphere
Spiritual realm
SOCIETY
Economic sphere
Social sphere
Spiritual realm
Education
Religion
Art
Culture " (from Lat. Cultura - cultivation of soil) Cicero in the 1st century BC.
What does the term mean "Culture" in the broadest sense of the word?
all man made it is a "second nature" created by man
"Culture" - everything types of transformation activities a person, as well as its results - a set of material and spiritual values \u200b\u200bcreated by man
What does the term mean "Culture" in the narrow sense of the word?
Person's upbringing level
CULTURE
Spiritual culture Is a collection spiritual values \u200b\u200b(something that has no material embodiment) and creative activities for their production
Material culture
product are material goods
Cultural sciences
- K u l t u r l o g i
- History
- Sociology
- Ethnography
- Linguistics
- Archeology
- Aesthetics
- Ethics
- Art history
Development of culture
Experience, tradition
Innovation
(Stable element)
(dynamics)
Functions of culture
- Self-formulate and explain pp. 81-82
(be able to explain each function)
Functions of culture
- 1.Adaptations to the environment
- 2.Accumulation, storage, transfer of cultural property
- 3.Toleology and regulation of the life of society and human activities
- 4.Socialization
- 5.Communication function
Diversity of cultures Dialogue of cultures
- Academician D.S.Likhachev:
“Real cultural values \u200b\u200bdevelop only in contact with other cultures, grow on rich cultural soil and take into account the experience of neighbors. Can grain develop in a glass of distilled water? Maybe! - but until the grain's own forces run out, then the plant dies very quickly. "
Diversity of cultures Dialogue of cultures
Interchange and interaction of cultures
- What problems can arise in connection with the internationalization of cultures?
Forms of culture
The form
Features:
People's
Examples of
Mass
Elite
Complete the table using the text on pages 84-87
Varieties of culture
- According to most species researchers three :
- Dominant culture - a culture that is shared by the majority of members of a society
Subculture - inherent in specific social groups
Counterculture (from Lat. Contra-against) - a culture developed by any community in opposition to generally accepted norms and values \u200b\u200bis oppositional to the dominant (dominant) culture
A spectator at the beginning of the last century told his friends about the exhibition of impressionist painters: “I heard rave reviews about the exhibition of art critics and went to see it. There were few visitors, many left quickly, and most of the paintings were blurred. I decided that this was due to a lack of proficiency in drawing and brushing. Realistic art is closer to me. At home I read about this artistic direction, but much remained unclear. ». Imagine what form of culture the works of art belong to. Provide three reasons for this assumption, based on the text of the assignment .
Cultural institutions - religious organizations - related activities of people. Purpose: To acquaint with the essence of fundamental values \u200b\u200band the main functions of culture. A cultured person is tolerant and tolerant. Spiritual-theoretical (production of spiritual goods and values). Initially (lat.) - “cultivation, tillage. Why is culture needed? World and national Material and spiritual. - Science - morality - religion - philosophy - art - scientific institutions.
"Scientific and Technological Revolution" - Reconstruction of the energy sector. A revolutionary way. Technopolises. Extraordinary acceleration of scientific and technological transformation. Characteristic features of scientific and technological revolution. Intellectualization. R&D funding by region of the world. Cosmization. Features of scientific and technological revolution. Examples of evolutionary and revolutionary changes. Evolutionary path. What functions are performed by equipment and technology. Technoparks and technopolises. Improvement of already known techniques.
"Spirituality" - The most important elements of human spirituality are values, morality, worldview. The most important are the norms of morality. The moral attitudes of the personality were studied by the greatest philosophers. Who sets moral standards? There is also conscience, patriotism, citizenship. There is a major human requirement called the “golden rule” of morality. What role does the worldview play in the activities of people?
"Worldview" - Hungarian crossword puzzle. The notion of a categorical imperative. Ordinary worldview. We all walk under one God, although we do not believe in one. Strong point. A call for peace. The role of worldview in human activity. Hatred is intense enmity, aversion to someone or something. About wealth. Worldview. Turn to the person. About helping those in need. Types of worldview. One of the classifications of types of worldviews.
"Social cognition" - In a narrow sense - a cognizable object. Features of social cognition. In a narrow sense - a knowing person, endowed with will and consciousness. Types of social facts. Subject. An object. The possibility of using the experiment is limited. Cognition -. In a broad sense - society. Establishing social patterns is extremely difficult. Specific historical approach to social phenomena. Social studies grade 10.
"Philosophy and Science" - Culturology appeared in the 19th century. What does cultural studies study? Science and philosophy. Teaching about the good and values. Archeology. Philosophy. The founder of sciences is philosophy. Sociology. Philosophy as a social science. The doctrine of being. Culturology. Classification of social sciences and humanities. Civil history. Russell. What methods does sociology use? History. Physical chemistry. Social sciences. What is history?
Spiritual life of society Spiritual-theoretical activity represents the production of spiritual goods and values \u200b\u200bSpiritual-practical activity the result is a change in people's consciousness Thoughts, ideas, theories, ideals, artistic images that can take the form of scientific and artistic works Preservation, reproduction, distribution, dissemination, consumption created spiritual values
Culture "Cultivation, tillage" All types of transformative activity of man and society, as well as its results The totality of all types of transformative human activity, as well as the result of this activity, including the transformation of oneself.
CULTURE In a broad sense, a historically conditioned dynamic complex of principles, methods and results of active creative activity of people constantly renewing in all spheres of society (everything that is created by man in the material and spiritual world) In a narrow sense, the process of active creative activity, in the course of which the creation, distribution and spiritual values \u200b\u200bare consumed
MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL CULTURE. CULTURE is one, however, two spheres are conventionally distinguished in it MATERIAL CULTURE - objects that have a material, tangible expression created and used by man (houses, roads, equipment, furniture) NO CULTURE MATERIAL CULTURE IS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOCIETY AND HUMAN SPIRITUAL CULTURE - created by the mind and feelings of people (ideas, thoughts, faith, feelings, language, rules, values \u200b\u200b..)
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY. THE PROCESS OF SPIRITUAL CULTURE DEVELOPMENT IS CONNECTED WITH CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION. Traditions are a stable element of culture; they accumulate and preserve cultural values \u200b\u200bcreated by mankind. THE WAY OF INNOVATION - CULTURE DEVELOPS BY ADDING NEW VALUES, WHICH ARE NOT ALWAYS APPRECIATED BY CONTEMPORARIES. Innovation communicates dynamics and pushes cultural processes towards development.
THE PROBLEM OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY. CULTURE AS A SOCIOCULTURAL HISTORICAL COMMUNITY OF PEOPLE. 1. POINT OF VIEW: LOCAL CULTURES DEVELOP BY ITS OWN LAWS, THEREFORE, IT IS NOT ALLOWED TO TALK ABOUT THE PLANETARY UNITY OF HUMANITY. 2. POINT OF VIEW: THE UNIQUENESS OF CROPS DOES NOT EXCLUDE THEIR INTERACTION. TRANSLATION OF VALUES THROUGH: COLONIZATION, GRAPHING CUTTING ON ANOTHER TREE. EQUAL DIALOGUE OF THE PROBLEM OF INTERACTIONS OF CROPS
DIALOGUE OF CULTURES CRISIS OF CULTURE IN THE 20TH CENTURY AND WAYS OF EXIT. DS LIKHACHEV wrote: "Real cultural values \u200b\u200bdevelop only in contact with other cultures, grow on rich cultural soil and take into account the experience of neighbors." V.S. BIBLER - IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT THAT THE INTERACTION OF CULTURES TURNS INTO A DIALOGUE. BAKHTIN-BELIEVED THAT CULTURE CAN EXIST ONLY ON THE BORDER: ON THE BORDER OF PAST AND PRESENT, IN COLLISION OF DIFFERENT CULTURES. THEREFORE, A DIALOGUE IS NECESSARY. RESEARCHERS CONSIDER CULTURE AS A HUGE POLYPHONIC SPACE.
Dialogue of cultures is the interaction of two or more cultures of different peoples, societies 1. Dialogue of cultures is conducted with the aim of exchanging various kinds of information. 2. The dialogue of cultures allows peoples to get to know each other better, to understand, to move to a more perfect level of communication. 3. Dialogue of cultures - a new form of social organization, characteristic of post-industrial society, for the process of globalization. 4. The dialogue of cultures mutually enriches the results of intellectual and material creativity.
Diversity of cultures National culture is a set of achievements and stable values \u200b\u200bin the field of social, economic, political and spiritual life of a particular nation, which constitutes its originality. World culture is a synthesis of the best achievements of national cultures of various peoples of the Earth for the entire historical period of their existence. It is clear that the world and national cultures are closely interrelated: the world culture is made up of national ones, and those, in turn, in their development are guided by world standards. Scientists classify Western and Eastern cultures as regional types of cultures. These two cultural worlds were formed over millennia and are based on mismatched principles. The internationalization of culture entails the creation of a single cultural space for different nations and peoples.
Popular culture Average language norm, pragmatics. Basic symbols: Cinematography, television, advertising, telephone. Kitsch - from him Kitsch -1) trash, bad taste; 2) a work of mass culture, outwardly similar to expensive things, devoid of creativity.
Positive influence of MC on spiritual life Negative influence of MC on spiritual life Affirms simple and understandable ideas about the world of people, about the relationship between them, about the way of life, which allows many people to better navigate in the modern, rapidly changing world Her works do not act as a means of author's self-expression, but are directly addressed to the reader, listener, viewer, take into account his requests Differs in democracy (its "products" are used by representatives of different social groups), which corresponds to our time Meets the requests, needs of many people, including the need for intensive rest, psychological relaxation Has their peaks are literary, musical, cinematographic works, which in fact can be attributed to "high" art Lowers the general level of the spiritual culture of society, since it indulges the undemanding tastes of the "mass man" Leads to standardization and unification of not only the way of life, but also the way of thinking millions of people Designed for passive consumption, since it does not stimulate any creative impulses in the spiritual sphere Plants myths in the minds of people ("Cinderella's myth", "the myth of a simple guy", etc.) Forms artificial needs in people through massive advertising Using modern media , replaces real life for many people, imposing certain ideas and preferences
Elite culture In modern culture, films by Fellini, Tarkovsky, books by Kafka, Belle, paintings by Picasso, music by Duval, Schnittke are classified as elite. However, sometimes elite works become popular (for example, films by Coppolo and Bertolucci, works by Salvador Dali and Shemyakin). Kandinsky "The Apotheosis of Abstraction"
Elite Popular Mass Created by the “privileged part of society” or by its order by professional creators. As a rule, it is ahead of the level of perception of it by an average educated person. The motto of elite culture is "Art for the sake of art." The creators of an elite culture, as a rule, do not count on a wide audience. To understand these works, one must master the special language of art. Created by anonymous creators who do not have professional training (myths, legends, epics, fairy tales, songs, dances, carnivals) A concept used to characterize modern cultural production and consumption (concert and pop music, pop culture, kitsch without distinction of classes, nations, level material condition, standardization of culture)
Varieties of culture Subculture Counterculture Part of the general culture, the system of values \u200b\u200binherent in a certain group (gender and age: women, children, youth, etc.; professional: scientific community, modern business, etc.; leisure (according to preferred activities in free time); religious; ethnic ; criminal) A subculture that not only differs from the dominant culture, but opposes it, is in conflict with the dominant values \u200b\u200bOpposition and alternative in relation to culture in society (beatniks, hippies and punks; left radicals; underground, skinheads, etc.)
Youth subculture Often viewed as deviant (deviating), expressing a certain degree of opposition to the dominant culture. It develops most often on the basis of peculiar styles in clothing and music and is associated with the development of a consumer society, which creates more and more new markets for products aimed primarily at young people. This is a culture of conspicuous consumption. Its emergence is also associated with an increase in the role and significance of free time, leisure, around which all relationships are formed. It also focuses more on peer group friendships rather than family. In addition, the growth of living standards allows large-scale experiments with the way of life, the search for other, different from the culture of adults, cultural foundations of their existence.
Typology of cultures Material spiritual from the way of existence Elite Popular mass from the one who creates the culture and its content Dominant subculture counterculture from the attitude to it economic Political religious social from the sphere of functioning
