Approximate text of the essay
The novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" was created in the era of government reaction, when every free thought, every living feeling was suppressed. This gloomy decade has spawned a new type of people - disaffected skeptics, "suffering selfishness" devastated by the aimlessness of life. Such is Lermontov's hero.
He is endowed with a sharp analytical mind, strength of character, a kind of charm, in his soul "immense strength" lurks. But there is a lot of evil on his conscience. With enviable constancy, not wanting it himself, Pechorin causes suffering to the people around him. How does Lermontov relate to his hero? The writer tries to understand the essence and origins of the tragedy of Pechorin's fate. He confronts his hero with by different people: highlanders, smugglers, "water society". And everywhere the eccentricity, the strength of Pechorin's personality is revealed. He eagerly seeks applications for his extraordinary abilities, "immense mental strength", but the historical reality and psychological characteristics of his character doom him to tragic loneliness. The thirst for action, interest in life, fearlessness and determination push him to "Taman" in search of dangerous adventures that end in the destruction of the well-established world of "peaceful smugglers". The hero's attempt to find natural, simple happiness in the love of the mountain woman Bela also ends in failure. Pechorin frankly confesses to Maxim Maksimych that "the love of a savage is little better than the love of a noble lady; the ignorance and innocence of one is as annoying as the coquetry of the other."
A man like Pechorin cannot be satisfied with the love of a simple girl. He strives for something more. His rich and complex inner world is not able to comprehend neither the beautiful "savage" Bela, nor the good-natured Maksim Maksimych. It is the story of the old staff captain that first introduces us to this mysterious hero. For all his sympathy for Pechorin, Maxim Maksimych was able to notice only some of the oddities of the "thin ensign". He is outraged by Pechorin's seeming indifference after Bela's death. And only from a casual remark that "Pechorin was ill for a long time, was thin", one can guess about the true strength of his experiences.
In the story "Maxim Maksimych" the author gives an opportunity to look closely at Pechorin's original appearance, which reveals the complexity and contradictoriness of his inner peace... Noteworthy is the rare combination of blond hair and black eyes, broad shoulders and pale thin fingers. But his look is especially striking: his eyes "did not laugh when he laughed." The author concludes: "This is a sign of either an evil disposition, or a deep constant sadness". The hero's diary, his sincere and fearless confession helps to understand the riddle of Pechorin's nature. The stories" Taman "," Princess Mary "and" Fatalist "show that Pechorin, possessing outstanding abilities, does not find use for them. This is especially clearly manifested in the relationship of the hero with people of his circle, with the "water society" of Pyatigorsk. Pechorin is head and shoulders above empty adjutants and pompous dandies who "drink - but not water, walk a little, drag only in passing ... play and complain of boredom."
Grigory Aleksandrovich perfectly sees the insignificance of Grushnitsky, who dreams of "becoming the hero of the novel" with the help of a soldier's overcoat. In the actions of Pechorin, one can feel a deep mind and a sober logical calculation. The whole plan of seduction of Mary is based on the knowledge of the "living strings of the human heart." This means that Pechorin is well versed in people, skillfully using their weaknesses. In a conversation with Werner, he confesses: "From the storm of life I took out only a few ideas - and not a single feeling. I have long been living not with my heart, but with my head." Yet, contrary to his own assertions, Pechorin is capable of a sincere great feeling, but the hero's love is complex. So, his feeling for Vera awakens with renewed vigor precisely when there is a danger of losing forever the only woman who understood him. Pechorin's love is high, but tragic for himself and disastrous for those who love him. Bela dies, Mary suffers, Vera is unhappy. The story with Grushnitsky is an illustration of the fact that Pechorin's immense forces are wasted on small and unworthy goals. We see the same in the stories "Bela" and "Taman". Pechorin's interference in the life of the mountaineers ruins Bela and her father, makes Azamat a homeless abrek, deprives Kazbich of his beloved horse. Because of Pechorin's curiosity, the unreliable world of smugglers is crumbling. Grushnitsky was shot in a duel, Vulich's life was tragically cut short.
What made Pechorin an ax in the hands of fate? "The hero himself is trying to find an answer to this question, analyzing his actions, his attitude to people. Probably, the reason for Pechorin's tragedy is largely rooted in the system of his views, which we get acquainted with in the diary. He is not believes in friendship, because “of two friends, there is always one slave to the other.” By his definition, happiness is “saturated pride.” This initially incorrect statement pushes him into a frantic pursuit of “lures of passions,” which, in fact, is the meaning of his life.
Grigory Alexandrovich admits in his diary that he looks at the suffering and joys of people as food that supports his strength. This reveals his boundless egoism, indifference to people, which are manifested in all his actions. This is Pechorin's huge guilt before those to whom he caused evil and suffering, and before himself for his mediocre life.
But let's try to understand the reasons for such a Pechorin outlook on life. Undoubtedly, this is connected with the reality of the 30s of the XIX century, when the hopes for radical transformations in the country were killed, when the young noble intelligentsia, not seeing the possibility of applying their strengths, wasted their lives. Pechorin's talent, his sophisticated analytical mind raised him above people, leading to individualism, forcing him to close in the circle of his own experiences, breaking his ties with society. This, I think, is Pechorin's trouble, the tragedy of his fate.
Works on literature: What is the tragedy of Pechorin The life story of Pechorin, the protagonist of M. Yu. Lermontov's novel, reflected the fate of a generation of young people in the 1830s. According to Lermontov himself, Pechorin is the image of his contemporary, as the author "understands and ... often met".
This is "a portrait made up of vices ... of a generation in their full development." Creating the image of Pechorin, Lermontov wanted to find answers to the questions of why gifted people who stand out from the general mass cannot find a place for themselves in life, why do they waste their energy on trifles, why they are alone. In order to more fully reveal the essence and causes of the tragedy of people like Pechorin, the author shows us his hero in different life circumstances. In addition, Lermontov deliberately places his hero in different strata of society (highlanders, smugglers, "water society"). And everywhere Pechorin brings people the same suffering. Why is this happening? After all, this person is endowed with great intelligence and talent, "immense strengths" are hidden in his soul. In order to find the answer, you need to get to know the main character of the novel better.
Coming from a noble family, he received a typical upbringing and education for his circle. From Pechorin's confession, we learn that, having left the care of his relatives, he set off in pursuit of pleasures. Once in the big world, Pechorin starts romances with secular beauties. But he very quickly becomes disillusioned with all this, and boredom overtakes him. Then Pechorin tries to do science, read books. But nothing brings him satisfaction, and in the hope that "boredom does not live under the Chechen bullets," he goes to the Caucasus. However, wherever Pechorin appears, he becomes "an ax in the hands of fate." In the story "Taman", the hero's search for dangerous adventures leads to unpleasant changes in the well-organized life of "peaceful smugglers".
In the story "Bela" Pechorin ruins the life of not only Bela herself, but also her father and Kazbich. The same thing happens with the heroes of the story "Princess Mary". In "Fatalist" Pechorin's gloomy prediction (Vulich's death) comes true, and in the story "Maxim Maksimych" he undermines the old man's faith in the younger generation. In my opinion, the main reason for Pechorin's tragedy lies in the system of values of this person. In his diary, he admits that he looks at the suffering and joys of people as food that supports his strength. In this, Pechorin reveals himself as an egoist. One gets the impression that he, communicating with people, is conducting a series of failed experiments.
For example, he openly confesses to Maxim Maksimych that "the love of a savage is little better than the love of a noble lady; the ignorance and innocence of one is as annoying as the coquetry of the other." In a conversation with Werner, he says that "from the storm of life ... he brought out only a few ideas - and not a single feeling." "I have long been living not with my heart, but with my head. I weigh, analyze my own passions and actions with strict curiosity, but without participation," the hero admits. If Pechorin "without participation" refers to his own life, then what can we say about his attitude to other people? It seems to me that the hero of the novel cannot find his place in life precisely because of his indifference to people. His frustration and boredom are due to the fact that he really is no longer able to feel. Pechorin himself justifies his actions as follows: "...
this has been my fate since childhood! Everybody read on my face the signs of bad qualities that were not there; but they were supposed - and they were born ... I became secretive ... I became vindictive ... I became envious ... I learned to hate ... I began to deceive ...
I have become a moral cripple ... "I think that M. Yu. Lermontov gives his answer to the question of Pechorin's tragedy in the very title of the novel:" A Hero of Our Time. "On the one hand, the title speaks of the typical character of this character for 30s of the XIX century, and on the other - indicates that Pechorin is a product of his time.
Lermontov makes us understand that the tragedy of Pechorin lies in the lack of demand by time for his mind, talents and thirst for activity. "A Hero of Our Time" is one of the most significant works of the Russian classical literature, and Pechorin is one of the most vivid and memorable images. Pechorin's personality is ambiguous and can be perceived from different points of view, cause dislike or sympathy. But in any case, the tragedy of this image cannot be denied.
Pechorin is a man torn by contradictions, indulging in constant introspection, not understood by those around him and does not understand them. In some ways, he is akin to Eugene Onegin. He, too, did not see any sense in his existence and set himself apart from society. Lermontov gives very detailed description appearance of Pechorin, which allows you to deeper reveal his character.
The appearance of the main character is written very lovingly, with great care. This allows you to see Pechorin as in reality. His appearance immediately makes an impression. Even such seemingly insignificant features as dark eyebrows and mustaches with light hair speak of originality, contradiction and at the same time - aristocracy. Pechorin's eyes never laugh and shine with a cold steel sheen. Just a few phrases, but how much it says!
The appearance of the main character is described only in the second chapter and complements what we already know about him. The first chapter is devoted to the history of Pechorin's fleeting hobby and the tragic death of a young woman abducted by him. Everything ends sadly, but I must admit that Pechorin did not strive for this and did not know that it would be so. He sincerely wanted to make Bela happy. However, another disappointment befell him. He simply cannot have lasting feelings. They are replaced by boredom - his eternal enemy. Whatever Pechorin does, it is done from the desire to occupy himself with something.
But already nothing brings satisfaction. The reader begins to understand what kind of person is in front of him. Pechorin is bored with life, he is constantly looking for thrills, does not find and suffers from it. He is ready to risk everything for the sake of fulfilling his own whim. At the same time, he casually destroys everyone who meets him on the way. Here again it is appropriate to draw a parallel with Onegin, who also wanted pleasure from life, but received only boredom. Both heroes did not reckon with human feelings, since they perceived those around them not as living beings with their thoughts and emotions, but, rather, as interesting objects for observation. The duality of Pechorin's personality lies in the fact that initially he is overwhelmed by the best intentions and undertakings, but, in the end, he is disappointed and turns away from people. It happened to Bela, whom he became interested in, kidnapped, and then began to feel weary about her.
With Maxim Maksimych, with whom he maintained warm relations for as long as needed, and then coldly turned his back on his old friend. With Mary, whom he made to fall in love with himself out of pure selfishness. With Grushnitsky, young and enthusiastic, whom he killed as if he had done something ordinary. The trouble is that Pechorin perfectly understands how he makes others suffer.
He coldly, judiciously analyzes his behavior. Why does he seek the love of a hard-to-reach woman? Yes, simply because he is attracted by the severity of the task. He is completely uninterested in a woman who already loves him and is ready for anything. For some reason, Pechorin is inclined to blame society for his shortcomings. He says that those around him read signs of "bad qualities" on his face. That is why, Pechorin believes, he began to possess them. It never occurs to him to blame himself.
It is interesting that Pechorin can really assess himself fairly objectively. He constantly analyzes his own thoughts and experiences. And he does it with some kind of scientific interest, as if conducting an experiment on himself. Pechorin, rotating in society, stands outside it. He observes people from the outside, as well as himself. He is only a witness to life, but not a participant in it. He is trying to find at least some meaning in his existence.
But there is no sense, there is no Goal to strive for. And Pechorin comes to the bitter conclusion that his only purpose on earth is to destroy other people's hopes. All these sad thoughts lead Pechorin to the fact that he becomes indifferent even to his own death. The world in which he lives is disgusted. There is nothing that would bind to the ground, there is no person who would understand the throwing of this strange soul. Yes, there were people who loved Pechorin. He knew how to make an impression, was interesting, sarcastic, refined. In addition, he had a spectacular appearance, which could not remain unnoticed by women.
But despite everyone's attention, there was no one who understood him. And this consciousness was hard for Pechorin. No dreams, no desires, no feelings, no plans for the future - Pechorin had nothing, not a single thread of those that bind people to this world. But there was a complete and clear awareness of their worthlessness. Pechorin can only regret it.
A cruel time makes people cruel. Proof of this - the main character Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" Pechorin, in which the author reproduced, in his words, "a portrait, but not one face: this is a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation in their full development." Pechorin is the image of a nobleman of the 30s, the era of the "gloomy decade", the Nikolaev reaction that followed the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, when any free thought was persecuted and every living feeling was suppressed. Pechorin is the bitter truth about the era of timelessness, in which all the best people of Russia, instead of directing their minds, energy and remarkable forces to achieve a lofty goal, became "moral cripples", since they simply had no goal: time was not allowed her to arise.
The offspring of his age, a cold egoist, causing only suffering to everyone - such is Pechorin, and meanwhile we see how brilliant mind, extraordinary willpower, talent and energy this person possesses. Pechorin is an outstanding personality, one of the best people of his time, and what: having refused to serve the society, in the possibility of which he completely lost faith, having found no use for his powers, Lermontov's hero wastes his life aimlessly. Pechorin is too deep and original nature to become only a reflective intellectual. Distinguished by independence of mind and strength of character, he cannot stand vulgarity and routine and is definitely above the environment. He wants nothing - no ranks, no titles, no benefits - and he does nothing to achieve success. Already by this he stands undoubtedly above his surroundings. And besides, his independence was the only possible form of expression of disagreement with the structure of life. The protest is hidden in this position. Pechorin should not be blamed for inaction, since it is from unwillingness to serve "the tsar and the fatherland." The tsar is a tyrant who does not tolerate the manifestation of thought and hates freedom, the fatherland is officials who are mired in slander, envy, careerism, idly spending time, pretending to care for the good of the fatherland, but in fact indifferent to it.
In his youth, Pechorin was overwhelmed by ideas, hobbies and aspirations. He was sure that he was born for a reason, that some important mission was destined for him, that with his life he would make a significant contribution to the development of the fatherland. But very quickly this confidence passed, over the years, the last hopes were also scattered, and by the age of thirty there remained "only fatigue, as after a night battle with a ghost, and a vague memory filled with regrets ...". The hero lives without a goal, without hope, without love. His heart is empty and cold. Life is of no value, he despises it, as well as himself: “Perhaps, somewhere I will die on the road! Well? Die so die. The loss to the world is small; and I myself am already quite bored. " These words contain the tragedy of a senselessly flowing life and the bitterness of hopelessness.
Pechorin is smart, resourceful, perceptive, but these qualities bring only misfortune to people with whom fate brings him. He took away from Kazbich the most precious thing that he had - a horse, made a homeless abrek Azamat, he was guilty of the death of Bela and her father, he disturbed the peace in the soul of Maxim Maksimych, he disturbed the peaceful life of "honest smugglers". He is selfish, but he himself suffers from this. His behavior deserves condemnation, but one cannot help but feel sympathy for him; in the society where he lives, the powers of his rich nature do not find real use. Pechorin seems now a cold egoist, now a deeply suffering person, by some evil will deprived of a worthy life, the possibility of action. The discord with reality leads the hero to apathy.
Speaking about the tragedy of outstanding personalities, about the impossibility of finding an application for their powers, the author also shows how detrimental to them is the withdrawal into themselves, remoteness from people.
A strong will and a brilliant mind do not prevent Pechorin from becoming, as he himself puts it, "a moral cripple." Taking for myself such life principles like individualism and egoism, Lermontov's hero gradually lost all the best in his character. In the story "Maxim Maksimych" Pechorin is not at all what he was in the first stories, in the first days of his appearance in the Caucasus. Now he lacks attention and friendliness, indifference to everything has seized him, there is no previous activity, no desire for sincere impulses, no readiness to discover in himself “endless sources of love”. His rich nature is completely empty.
Pechorin is a contradictory personality. This is manifested in character, behavior, and attitude towards life. He is a skeptic, a disillusioned person who lives "out of curiosity," and yet he longs for life and action. And his attitude to women - isn't the contradictory nature of his nature manifested here? He explains his attention to women only by the need for ambition, which “is nothing but a thirst for power, and my first pleasure is to subordinate everything that surrounds me to my will: arouse feelings of love, devotion and fear to myself - is this not the first sign and the greatest triumph of power? ”At the same time, having received the last letter from Vera, he aspires to Pyatigorsk like a madman, says that she is“ dearer than anything in the world to him, - dearer than life, honor, happiness! " Having lost his horse, he even "fell on the wet grass and, like a child, wept."
Lermontov's hero is inherent in the highest degree of introspection. But this is excruciating for him. Since Pechorin made himself an object for observation, he almost lost the ability to surrender to direct feeling, to fully feel the joy of living life. When subjected to analysis, the feeling weakens or fades away altogether. Pechorin himself
It is recognized that two people live in his soul: one commits acts, and the other judges him. This strict judgment on himself does not allow Pechorin to be content with little, deprives him of peace, does not allow him to come to terms with the life that is determined by social conditions for him.
“The tragedy of Pechorin,” wrote V. G., “is primarily in the contradiction between the lofty nature and the pity of action.” Who is to blame for it? Pechorin himself answers this question as follows: “My soul is spoiled by light,” that is, by the environment, by the society in which he happened to live.
MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION -
KHOTIML-KUZMENKOVSKAYA SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL
KHOTYNETSKY DISTRICT, ORLOV REGION
Development of a literature lesson in grade 9
"The tragedy of Pechorin, its essence and causes"
(Generalizing lesson on the novel
M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time")
Developer:
Elena A. Fedyushina,
teacher of Russian language and literature
first qualification category
generalize knowledge in the image of Pechorin;trace the history of his inner life.
Developing
to form the skills and abilities of artistic retelling;
develop the logical thinking of students;
develop the ability to pose questions and answer them.
Educational
form a system moral values students.
Lesson resources
the text of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", presentationMicrosoftPowerPoint, video fragments of films based on the novel "A Hero of Our Time" dir. S. Rostotsky; dir. A. Kott, excerpts from articles by V.G. Belinsky "A Hero of Our Time", S.P. Shevyreva "A Hero of Our Time".
Lesson type
generalization and systematization of knowledge.
During the classes:
1. Organizational moment
Division into groups
In the lesson, we will work in groups. You have geometric shapes of different colors on your desks. Group together according to the color of the shapes.
Let's remember the rules for working in a group. Name one rule each.
So that you do not forget these rules, there is a memo "Rules for working in a group" on the table at each group.
2. Motivation
"A Hero of Our Time" is the first "personal" or "analytical" novel in Russian prose: its ideological and plot center is not an external biography (life and adventures), but a person's personality - his spiritual and mental life. And the soul in the Christian understanding is immortal, it is timeless.
For several lessons, we studied the immortal work of Lermontov and today we will summarize.
"... I never reveal my secrets myself, but terribly love to be guessed, because in this way I can always deny them on occasion." From whose lips do we hear these words in the novel? (Pechorin )
Pechorin is the person who embodied specific traits public consciousness of people of the 30s: the intensity of moral and philosophical searches, exceptional willpower, analytical mind, outstanding human abilities.
Let's talk about the Pechorin tragedy, its essence and causes.
Write downlesson topic - "The tragedy of Pechorin, its essence and reasons."
3. Updating knowledge
What did we learn about Pechorin while working with the novel?
Student responses
Why are there so many contradictions in Pechorin? Why does everyone who happens to be near him become unhappy? Who is to blame for the fact that almost all the events described in the novel end tragically?Pechorin? Or maybe society?
We will try to give answers to these and other questions during the lesson.
4. Goal setting
What should we achieve in the lesson? To learn what? What to learn?
Student responses
(Make up psychological characterization Pechorin, to give answers to problematic questions; learn to analyze the text, choose the necessary information from the text; get acquainted with the criticism of the novel).
5. Generalization and systematization of knowledge
So, the novel is finished. The fate of the hero is sad.
1. Let's watch a video fragment of the final scene of the film "A Hero of Our Time".
Viewing a video clip
Why do you think the authors of the film took for the final scene the words uttered by Pechorin in the story "Bela"? Substantiate your opinion. (Each group gives its opinion )
2. Who is to blame for the fate of Pechorin?
I suggest filling out the following table:
(unfulfilled fate)
Time and society
He himself
Fate
Social reasons
Moral
Philosophy
Pechorin has featuresromanticism - a conflict with the outside world. The hero despises secular society.
He is alone against the world around him.
The character of the hero is one of the reasons.Pechorin was an individualist. His internal disagreements with the "second self"
did not give him freedom. Herotrying to "run away from himself".
3. Watch a video clip of the film where Pechorin talks about his character and destiny.
Viewing a video clip
What does he say about his character?
What conclusion can we draw? What is the reason that Pechorin became a "superfluous person" in life?
Individualism ( moral principle putting the interests of the individual above the interests of society) is the main reason that Pechorin was a "superfluous person" in life. Pechorin has been looking for anxiety and storms all his life. But he lives in a relatively calm time, when he has nowhere to prove himself, nothing to occupy his soul. And he suffers from this.
4. What place did friendship and love take in Pechorin's life?
Make clusters:
1 gr. - Friendship in the life of Pechorin;
2 gr. - Love in the life of Pechorin.
Why did Lermontov singled out such a personality against the background of other heroes, despite the unfavorable actions?
Courage, thirst for the unknown, will - distinguish Pechorin from other people in his works and allow the authorto call him the Hero of his time.
6. Application of knowledge and skills in a new situation
1. Get acquainted with excerpts from critical articles on the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "A Hero of Our Time", imagine the critic's position:
1 gr. - V.G. Belinsky;
gr. - S.P. Shevyreva.
2. Discuss the question within 5 minutes:could Pechorin be a hero of our time? Present and argue your point of view.
7. Reflection
Remember the goal at the beginning of the lesson.
Have we reached our goal?
Reception "Three" M ":
Name 3 points that worked well during the lesson.
Add one action that could improve the performance.
8. Homework
Create projects "Pechorin - a hero of our time?" (by groups)
Attachment 1.
REMINDER
Group rules
Be conscientious with your comrades, work to the best of your ability.
Listen to each member of the group carefully without interrupting.
Keep it short, clear so everyone can speak
Support each other despite intellectual differences.
When rejecting the proposed idea, do it politely and remember to offer an alternative.
If no one can start talking, start clockwise from the captain (coordinator)
As a coordinator, choose someone who can distribute the load, resolve differences, choose the best solution together with everyone.
It is an honor to speak on behalf of the group. This is done not by the kamikaze, but by the plenipotentiary representative prepared by the entire group.
Appendix 2.
Excerpts from a critical article by V.G. Belinsky "A Hero of Our Time"
"Lermontov's prose is worthy of his high poetic talent"
"such stories introduce the subject, and do not slander it"
"a completely new world of art"
"transitional state of mind"
"a deep sense of reality, a true instinct for truth", a deep knowledge of the human heart and modern society.
Lermontov's novel is imbued with a unity of thought, and therefore, despite its episodic fragmentaryness, it cannot be read in the wrong order in which the author himself arranged it: otherwise you will read two excellent stories and several excellent stories, but you will not know the novel. There is not a page, not a word, not a line that has been thrown by accident; here everything comes out of one main idea and everything returns to it. So the line of the circle returns to the point from which it left, and no one will find this starting point. In the basic idea of Mr. Lermontov's novel lies an important contemporary question about the inner man, a question to which everyone will respond, and therefore the novel should arouse general attention, the entire interest of our public. A deep sense of reality, the correct instinct of truth, simplicity, artistic depiction of characters, richness of content, irresistible charm of presentation, poetic language, deep knowledge of the human heart and modern society, wideness and boldness of the brush, strength and power of spirit, luxurious fantasy, inexhaustible abundance of aesthetic life, originality and originality - these are the qualities of this work, which represents a completely new world of art.
Excerpts from a critical article by S.P. Shevyreva "A Hero of Our Time"
“The entire content of Mr. Lermontov's stories, except for Pechorin, belongs to essential life; but Pechorin himself, with the exception of his apathy, which was only the beginning of his moral illness, belongs to a dreamy world produced in us by a false reflection of the West. This ghost, which only in the world of our fantasy has materiality ".
“Let us extract in a few words everything that we said about the character of the hero. Apathy, a consequence of depraved youth and all the vices of upbringing, gave rise to agonizing boredom in him, while boredom, combined with the immense pride of a power-hungry spirit, produced a villain in Pechorin. The main root of all evil is Western upbringing, which is alien to any sense of faith. Pechorin, as he himself says, is convinced of one thing only, that he was born in one ugly evening, that nothing worse than death would happen, and death could not be avoided. These words are the key to all his exploits: they are the key to his whole life. Meanwhile, this soul was a strong soul that could accomplish something high ... He himself in one place in his magazine is aware of this vocation, saying: "Why did I live? For what purpose was I born? .. existed, and a high purpose was true for me, therefore I feel my strength in my soul ... From the crucible [passions empty and ungrateful] I came out hard and cold like iron, but I have lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations ... "When you look at strength this lost soul, then it becomes pity for her, as one of the victims of a serious illness of the century ... "
A Hero of Our Time, written by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, shows us one of the newest images in literature, previously discovered by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in Eugene Onegin. This is the image of a "superfluous person" shown through the main character, officer Grigory Pechorin. The reader already in the first part of Bela sees the tragedy of this character.
Grigory Pechorin is a typical " extra person". He is young, attractive in appearance, talented and smart, but life itself seems boring to him. The new occupation soon begins to bore him, and the hero embarks on a new search for vivid impressions. An example of this can be the same trip to the Caucasus, where Pechorin met Maksim Maksimych, and then - with Azamat and his sister Bela, a beautiful Circassian woman.
Hunting in the mountains and communication with the inhabitants of the Caucasus is not enough for Grigory Pechorin, and he, in love with Bela, kidnaps her with the help of the heroine's brother, wayward and proud Azamat. A young and fragile girl falls in love with a Russian officer. It would seem that mutual love - what else does the hero need? But soon he gets bored too. Pechorin suffers, Bela suffers, offended by the inattention and coldness of his beloved, Maxim Maksimych also suffers, observing all this. The loss of Bela brought a lot of troubles to the girl's family, as well as to Kazbich, who wanted to marry her.
These events end tragically. Bela dies almost at the hands of Pechorin, and he can only leave those places. From his eternal boredom and searches, people have suffered who do not touch the hero in any way. And the "extra person" goes on.
This example alone is enough to understand how Pechorin, because of his boredom, is able to intervene in other people's fates. He cannot cling to one thing and hold on to it all his life, he needs a change of places, a change of society, a change of occupation. And all the same, he will be bored with reality, and all the same he will go on. If people are looking for something and, having found a goal, calm down on this, then Pechorin cannot decide and find his "finish". If he stops, he will still suffer - from monotony and boredom. Even in the case of Bela, where he had mutual love with a young Circassian woman, a faithful friend in the person of Maxim Maksimych (after all, the old man was ready to help Pechorin) and service, Pechorin still returned to his state of boredom and apathy.
But the hero cannot find his place in society and life, not only because he quickly becomes bored with any occupation. He is indifferent to all people, which can be observed in the part "Maxim Maksimych". People who had not seen each other for five years could not even talk, because Pechorin, with absolute indifference to the interlocutor, tries to end the meeting with Maxim Maksimych as soon as possible, who, by the way, managed to miss Grigory.
It is safe to say that Pechorin, as a true hero of our time, is able to find himself in each of modern people... Indifference to people and endless searches for oneself will remain the eternal features of society in any era and country.
Option 2
G. Pechorin is the central character in The Hero of Our Time. Lermontov was accused of portraying a moral monster, an egoist. However, the figure of Pechorin is extremely ambiguous and requires deep analysis.
It was not by chance that Lermontov called Pechorin a hero of our time. His problem is that from childhood he fell into a corrupting world. high society... In a sincere impulse, he tells Princess Mary how he tried to act and act according to truth and conscience. They did not understand him and laughed at him. Gradually, this produced a serious change in Pechorin's soul. He begins to act contrary to moral ideals and achieves favor and favor in the noble society. At the same time, he acts strictly in accordance with his own interests and benefits and becomes an egoist.
Pechorin is constantly oppressed by melancholy, he is bored in his surroundings. Moving to the Caucasus revives the hero only for a while. Soon he gets used to the danger and begins to get bored again.
Pechorin needs a constant change of impressions. Three women appear in his life (Bela, Princess Mary, Vera). They all fall prey to the hero's restless nature. He himself does not feel much pity for them. He is sure that he always did the right thing. If love has passed or even did not arise, then it is not his fault. His character is to blame.
Pechorin, for all his shortcomings, is an extremely truthful image. Its tragedy lies in the limitations of the noble society of the Lermontov era. If the majority tries to hide their flaws and unseemly actions, then Pechorin's honesty does not allow him to do this.
The individualism of the protagonist could in other conditions help him to become an outstanding personality. But he finds no use for his powers and as a result appears to the surrounding soulless and strange person.
Several interesting compositions
Some heroes have difficult backgrounds. One of these heroes is Ivan Savelievich Varenukha. Varenukha refers to minor characters epics "The Master and Margarita".
