The novel "A Hero of Our Time" was conceived by a young poet in 1836. It was assumed that his action would take place in the contemporary author of St. Petersburg.
However, the Caucasian exile in 1837 made its own adjustments to the original plans. Now the main character Lermontova, Pechorin Grigory Alexandrovich, finds himself in the Caucasus, where he finds himself in very difficult situations. The reader hears them from different characters in the work summary... "Hero of Our Time" ("Princess Mary" including) turns into a study of the soul young man trying to find his place in life.
The composition of the novel is somewhat unusual: it consists of 5 novellas, united by the image of Pechorin. The most voluminous and significant for understanding the character of this character is the chapter "Princess Mary".
Features of the story
"Princess Mary" in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" is, in fact, Pechorin's confession. It is a diary made during the treatment in Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk.
According to contemporaries, its main characters had real prototypes, with which Lermontov was personally familiar, which lends credibility to the depicted. So, the main character, after whom the story is named, could be copied from the sister of NS Martynov or the poet's friend from Pyatigorsk E. Klinberg. The image of Pechorin himself is extremely interesting. “The story“ Princess Mary ”is a summary of his month-long stay on mineral waters. During this time, he charmed a young, naive girl, turned all the officers against himself, killed an old acquaintance in a duel, forever lost the only woman he loved.
Arrival of Pechorin to Pyatigorsk
The first entry in the diary of the protagonist is marked on the eleventh of May. The day before he arrived in Pyatigorsk and rented an apartment on the outskirts, near Mashuk. He was attracted by the wonderful view of the city and somewhat smoothing out the shortcomings of the new housing. In an upbeat, enthusiastic mood, Pechorin sets off the next morning to the spring to see the water society here. The caustic remarks that he addresses to the ladies and officers who meet along the way characterize him as a sarcastic man who certainly sees flaws in everything. This is the beginning of the story "Princess Mary", a summary of which will be presented later.
The loneliness of the hero, who stood at the well and watched the people passing by, is interrupted by Grushnitsky, with whom he once fought together. Juncker, who had been in the service for only a year, wore a thick overcoat decorated with a heroic cross - with this he tried to attract the attention of the ladies. Grushnitsky looked older than his years, which he also considered a virtue, outwardly the skater was also attractive. His speech often included high-flown phrases that gave him the appearance of a passionate and suffering person. At first glance, it might seem that these two were good friends... In fact, their relationship was far from ideal, as the author of the diary directly says: "We will someday run into him ... and one of us will be uncomfortable." Pechorin, even when they met, unraveled the falsity in him, for which he disliked. This is how an action is tied, which will unfold over the course of a month, and Pechorin's diary will help the reader to trace the entire chain of events - this is their summary.
“A Hero of Our Time” (“Princess Mary” is no exception) is interesting for the unusual character of the protagonist, who is not used to dissembling even in front of himself. He openly laughs at Grushnitsky, who throws a phrase in French at the very moment when the mother and daughter Ligovsky pass by, which, of course, attracts their attention. A little later, having got rid of an old acquaintance, Pechorin observes another interesting scene... The junker "accidentally" drops the glass and still cannot raise it: a crutch and a wounded leg are in the way. The young princess quickly flew up to him, handed him a glass and just as swiftly flew away, convinced that her mother had not seen anything. Grushnitsky was delighted, but Pechorin immediately cooled his ardor, noting that he did not see anything unusual in the girl's behavior.
This is how you can describe the first day of the hero's stay in Pyatigorsk.
Two days later
The morning began with a meeting with Dr. Werner, who came to visit Pechorin. The latter considered him a wonderful person and even assumed that they could become friends if only Grigory Alexandrovich was capable of such a relationship in principle. They loved to talk to each other on abstract topics, which can be seen more than once in the story "Princess Mary". The summary of their conversations characterizes both as intelligent, honest and uncompromising people.
This time they gradually moved on to the meeting of former colleagues that had taken place the day before. Pechorin's words that "there is a tie," and he would not be bored here, immediately evoked a response from the doctor: "Grushnitsky will be your victim." Then Werner reports that the Ligovskys' house has already become interested in a new vacationer. He tells his interlocutor about the princess and her daughter. She is quite educated, treats all young people with contempt, loves to talk about passions and feelings, speaks impartially about Moscow society - this is how Princess Mary appears from the words of the doctor. A summary of the conversations in the Ligovskys' house also makes it possible to understand that the appearance of Pechorin aroused the interest of the ladies.
Werner's mention of a relative of the princess who has arrived, pretty, but really sick, makes the hero worry. In the description of the woman, Grigory Alexandrovich recognizes Vera, whom he once loved. Thoughts about her do not leave the hero even after the doctor leaves.
In the evening, while walking, Pechorin again runs into the princess and notices how much she has captured Grushnitsky's attention. This ends another day of Pechorin, described in the diary included in the story "Princess Mary".
On this day, several events happened to Pechorin. The plan he developed for the princess began to act. His indifference caused a response in the girl: when she met, she looked at him with hatred. The epigrams composed by her also reached the hero, in which he received a very unflattering assessment.
Pechorin lured almost all of her admirers to himself: free food and champagne turned out to be better than a sweet smile. And at the same time he constantly provoked Grushnitsky, who was already head over heels in love.
To continue the summary of the chapter "Princess Mary" follows the description of the first chance meeting of Pechorin and Vera at the well. Their feelings, flared up with renewed vigor, determined the further actions of the lovers. Pechorin needs to get to know Vera's elderly husband, enter the Ligovskys' house and hit the princess. This will give them the opportunity to meet more often. The hero appears in this scene somewhat unusual: there is a hope that he is really capable of a sincere feeling and will not be able to betray his beloved woman.
After parting, Pechorin, unable to stay at home, goes on horseback to the steppe. Returning from a walk gives him another unexpected meeting.
A group of vacationers moved along the road that wound between the bushes. Among them were Grushnitsky and Princess Mary. The summary of their conversation can be reduced to a description of the feelings of the cadet. Pechorin in a Circassian outfit, unexpectedly emerging from the bushes, disrupts their peaceful conversation and causes anger in the frightened girl, and then embarrassment.
During the evening walk, the friends meet. Grushnitsky informs with sympathy that the princess's attitude towards Pechorin has been completely spoiled. In her eyes, he looks impudent, arrogant and narcissistic, and this forever closes the doors of their house in front of him. It is clear that the hero's words that he may be a part of the family even tomorrow are perceived with sympathy.
Ball incident
The next entry - May 21 - is quite insignificant. It only indicates that in a week Pechorin never met the Ligovskys, for which Vera blamed him. On the 22nd, a ball was expected, at which Princess Mary would also be.
The summary of the story from the novel will continue the incident that made adjustments to the established course of events. At the ball, where the entrance was still closed to Grushnitsky, Pechorin meets the princess and even defends her honor in front of a drunken gentleman. There was clearly a plan arranged by the dragoon captain, another longtime acquaintance of Grigory Alexandrovich. During the mazurka, Pechorin captivates the princess, and also, as if by the way, informs that Grushnitsky is a cadet.
The very next day, together with a friend who thanked him for his act at the ball, the hero goes to the Ligovskys' house. The main thing to note here is that he displeases the princess by not listening attentively enough to her singing after tea, and instead enjoys a calm conversation with Vera. And at the end of the evening, he watches the triumph of Grushnitsky, whom Princess Mary chooses as an instrument of revenge.
Lermontov M.Yu .: summaries of Pechorin's notes on May 29 and June 3
For several days, the young man adheres to the chosen tactics, although from time to time he asks himself the question: why is he so persistently seeking the love of a young girl, if he knows in advance that he will never marry her. Nevertheless, Pechorin does everything to make Mary bored with Grushnitsky.
Finally, the cadet appears in his apartment happy - he was promoted to an officer. In just a few days, a new uniform will be sewn, and he will appear before his beloved in all its glory. Now he no longer wants to embarrass her gaze with his greatcoat. As a result, it is Pechorin who accompanies the princess during the evening walk of the water company to failure.
First, slander about all his acquaintances, then malicious statements addressed to them and a long, denouncing monologue of the “moral cripple,” as he calls himself. The reader notices how Princess Mary changes under the influence of what she has heard. The summary (Lermontov does not spare his hero at all) of the monologue can be conveyed as follows. Society made Pechorin what he became. He was modest - cunning was attributed to him. He could feel good and evil - no one loved him. He put himself above others - they began to humiliate him. As a result of misunderstanding, I learned to hate, pretend and lie. And all the best qualities that were originally inherent in him remained buried in his soul. All that remains in him is despair and memories of a lost soul. So the fate of the princess was predetermined: tomorrow she will wish to reward her admirer, to whom she had treated with coldness for so long.
And again the ball
The next day, there were three meetings. With Vera - she reproached Pechorin for being cold. With Grushnitsky - his uniform is almost ready, and tomorrow he will appear in it at the ball. And with the princess - Pechorin invited her to the mazurka. The evening was spent in the Ligovskys' house, where the changes that had taken place with Mary became noticeable. She did not laugh or flirt, and all evening she sat with a sad look and listened attentively to the extraordinary stories of the guest.
The summary of "Princess Mary" will continue with the description of the ball.
Grushnitsky was beaming. His new uniform, with a very narrow collar, was adorned with a bronze lorgnette chain, large epaulettes that resembled angel wings, and kid gloves. The creak of boots, a cap in his hands and curled curls complemented the picture. His whole appearance expressed self-satisfaction and pride, although from the outside the former cadet looked rather ridiculous. He was absolutely sure that it was he who would have to match the princess in the first mazurka, and soon left impatiently.
Pechorin, entering the hall, found Mary in the company of Grushnitsky. Their conversation did not go well, as her gaze all the time wandered around, as if looking for someone. Very soon she looked at her companion with almost hatred. The news that the princess was dancing a mazurka with Pechorin aroused anger in the newly-made officer, which soon turned into a conspiracy against the rival.
Before leaving for Kislovodsk
On June 6-7, it becomes clear: Grigory Alexandrovich has achieved his goal. The princess is in love with him and suffers. To top it all off is the news brought by Werner. They say in the city that Pechorin is getting married. Assurances to the contrary caused only a grin in the doctor: there are times when marriage becomes inevitable. It is clear that Grushnitsky spread the rumors. And this means one thing - the denouement is inevitable.
The next day, Pechorin, determined to complete the case, leaves for Kislovodsk.
Posted June 11-14
For the next three days, the hero enjoys the local beauties, sees Vera, who had arrived even earlier. In the evening of the 10th, Grushnitsky appears - he does not bow and leads a riotous lifestyle. Gradually, the entire Pyatigorsk society, including the Ligovskys, moved to Kislovodsk. Princess Mary is still pale and suffers in the same way.
Summary - Lermontov is gradually bringing the story to a climax - the rapidly developing relationship between the officers and Pechorin can be reduced to the fact that everyone is rebelling against the latter. Grushnitsky's side is taken by the dragoon captain, who had personal scores with the hero. Quite by chance, Grigory Aleksandrovich becomes a witness of the planned conspiracy against him. The bottom line was this: Grushnitsky finds an excuse to challenge Pechorin to a duel. Since the pistols will be unloaded, the first is not in any danger. The second, according to their calculations, should be chickened out on condition of shooting at six paces, and his honor will be tarnished.
Compromising encounter and duel
The events of May 15-16 became the denouement of everything that happened to Pechorin during the month on the mineral waters. Here is a summary.
The "hero" of our time ... Lermontov ("Princess Mary" plays an important role in this regard) more than once makes one think about the question: what is he really like? Selfish and aimlessly living his life Pechorin often arouses condemnation of both the author and the reader. Werner's phrase in a note sent to Grigory Alexandrovich after the duel sounds condemning: "You can sleep well ... if you can ..." However, in this situation, sympathies still turn out to be on Pechorin's side. This is the case when he remains honest to the end both with himself and with others. And he hopes to awaken conscience in a former friend who turned out to be dishonest and capable of meanness and meanness in relation not only to Pechorin, but also to the princess.
On the evening before the duel, the whole society gathered to watch the magician who had arrived. The princess and Vera remained at home, and the hero went to meet her. The whole company, planning his humiliation, tracked down the unlucky lover and raised a fuss in full confidence that he was visiting Mary. Pechorin, who managed to escape and return home quickly enough, met the dragoon captain with his comrades lying in bed. So the officers' first attempt failed.
The next morning, Grigory Alexandrovich, who went to the well, heard the story of Grushnitsky, who allegedly witnessed how the night before he got out through the window from the princess. The quarrel ended with a challenge to a duel. As a second, Pechorin invited Werner, who knew about the conspiracy.
An analysis of the content of Lermontov's story "Princess Mary" shows how contradictory the main character was. So on the eve of the duel, which could be the last in his life, Pechorin cannot sleep for a long time. Death does not frighten him. Another thing is important: what was its purpose on earth? After all, he was born for a reason. And so much unspent energy still remains in him. How will he be remembered? After all, no one has fully understood him.
Nerves calmed down only in the morning, and Pechorin even went to the bathhouse. Cheerful and ready for anything, he went to the place of the duel.
The doctor's proposal to end everything in peace caused the dragoon captain, the enemy's second, to grin - he decided that Pechorin had chickened out. When everyone was ready, Grigory Alexandrovich put forward a condition: to shoot at the edge of a cliff. This meant that even a minor injury could lead to a fall and death. But this did not make Grushnitsky confess to the conspiracy.
The first to shoot was the opponent. For a long time he could not cope with the excitement, but the captain's contemptuous exclamation: "Coward!" - made him pull the trigger. A slight scratch - and Pechorin still resisted so as not to fall into the abyss. He still had the hope of reasoning his opponent. When Grushnitsky refused to admit slander and apologize, Pechorin made it clear that he knew about the conspiracy. The duel ended in murder - Grushnitsky only in the face of death was able to show firmness and steadfastness.
Parting
In the afternoon, Pechorin was brought a letter from which he learned that Vera had left. A vain attempt to catch up with her ended in failure. He realized that he had lost his beloved woman forever.
This concludes the summary of "Princess Mary". It remains only to add that the last explanation of Pechorin with the main character was short and straightforward. A few words were enough to put an end to their relationship. At the moment when the girl's first serious feeling was trampled, she was able to maintain her dignity and not humiliate herself to hysterics and sobs. Her secular manners and contempt for others hid a deep nature, which Pechorin could see. Learning to trust people and love again is what Princess Mary will have to do in the future.
Characteristic literary hero consists of his actions, thoughts, relationships with other people. Pechorin appears in the story as an ambiguous person. On the one hand, he perfectly analyzes the situation and evaluates its consequences. On the other hand, he values his life little and easily plays with the fate of others. Achieving a goal is what attracts a person who is bored and does not find use for their talents.
"Taman"
"Taman" is the first of the stories written on behalf of Pechorin. Knowing from the preface to "Taman" that he died on the way from Persia, the reader is especially attentive to his confessions. The story of the disenchanted and dying Pechorin soul is set forth in the hero's confessional notes - with all the mercilessness of introspection; being both the author and the hero of the "magazine", Pechorin fearlessly speaks about his ideal impulses, and about the dark sides of his soul, and about the contradictions of consciousness. Pechorin makes people who come into contact with him unhappy. So he interferes in the life of "honest smugglers", as he plays with the fate of Bela. Finding himself in a hut on a steep sea shore, Pechorin instantly notices the moonlight, the steep shore, the restless sea element and the blind boy. Looking at the house, he notices that there is not a single “image” on the wall, which is not at all typical for ordinary people of that time. Everything seems to indicate that this place is unclean. And indeed, the promised unclean thing begins to come true - Pechorin discovers that the inhabitants are nocturnal. How does he behave? Pechorin has a deep and tragic character. He combines "a sharp, chilled mind" with a thirst for activity and struggle with courage, courage, willpower. Realizing that before him are smugglers, Pechorin instinctively reaches out to them, romanticizing their attitude to freedom. The warnings of the orderly and the sergeant only inflame his excitement. Pechorin starts the game with a beautiful smuggler girl. He responds to the call of an alarming, dangerous, luring life for smugglers. The heroine of the story has no name. This is no coincidence - the author wants to show only the feminine seductive nature. This "feminine nature" is described with the help of contrasts, variability, sensuality. But later this innocent femininity will be shaved off by a completely different side - the girl almost drowns Pechorin in the sea. This will become Pechorin's payment, payment for Bela's death, payment for unlimited passion. “Honest smugglers seem free, romantic, mysterious and attractive, but their world disappoints Pechorin. Having escaped with Yanko, the girl condemns the old woman with the blind boy to starvation, however, what does he, Pechorin, care about? He feels like a stranger everywhere: his smugglers are in the sea, and he does not know how to swim, they are free to choose their place of residence, and he is ordered to go to the Caucasus.
"Princess Mary"
Pechorin is an egoist. The most complete and deepest inner world the hero is revealed in the chapter "Princess Mary". The plot here is the meeting of Pechorin with Grushnitsky, a familiar cadet. And then the next "experiment" of Pechorin begins. The hero's whole life is a chain of experiments on himself and other people. Its purpose is to comprehend truth, human nature, evil, good, love. This is exactly what happens in the case of Grushnitsky. Why is the young cadet so unpleasant for Pechorin? As we can see, Grushnitsky is by no means a villain with whom it would be worth fighting. This is the most ordinary young man who dreams of love and stars on his shoulder straps. He is a mediocrity, but he has one weakness that is quite forgivable at his age - "to drape into extraordinary feelings." Of course, we understand that this is a parody of Pechorin! That is why he is so hateful to Pechorin. Grushnitsky, as a narrow-minded person, does not understand Pechorin's attitude towards him, does not suspect that he has already begun a kind of game, he also does not know that he is not the hero of the novel. This pitying Pechorin also felt in Grushnitsky, but too late - after the duel. At first, Grigory Aleksandrovich even evokes a certain condescending feeling in Grushnitsky, since this young man is self-confident and seems to himself a very shrewd and significant person. “I feel sorry for you, Pechorin,” he says at the beginning of the novel. But events are developing the way Pechorin wants it. Mary falls in love with him, forgetting about Grushnitsky. Pechorin himself told Mary: “Everyone read on my face the signs of bad qualities that were not there; but they were supposed - and they were born. I was modest - I was accused of cunning: I became secretive. … I was gloomy, - the other children were cheerful and talkative; I felt superior to them - they put me lower. I became envious. I was ready to love the whole world - no one understood me: and I learned to hate ... ”. In this monologue, Pechorin is fully revealed. He explains his world and character. It becomes clear that Pechorin is still worried about such feelings as love, understanding. At least, they worried before. Although this story is true, he only uses it to move Mary. Alas, even the tears of the young lady did not soften his temper. Alas, half of Pechorin's soul has already died. Alas, it is already impossible to restore it. Pechorin is playing. He studied life too well. He is taller than other people and, knowing this, he does not hesitate to use it. Princess Mary, like Bela, is another step towards the answer to the tormenting question "Who is he in this life?" Day after day, hour after hour, Pechorin poisons the mind of poor Grushnitsky with the most contradictory statements and fabrications; he neglects Mary's feelings, deliberately instilling in her hope for reciprocity and at the same time knowing that this is the most shameless deception; he breaks the heart of the old woman Ligovskaya, unambiguously renouncing the honor of becoming the owner of her daughter's hand. Pechorin's romance with Mary is a kind of manifestation of a war against society on the part of a person who is cramped and bored within the established relationship.
Overwhelmed with jealousy, indignation, and then hatred, the cadet suddenly opens up to us from a completely different side. He turns out to be not so harmless at all. He is capable of being vindictive, and then dishonorable, vile. Anyone who recently dressed up in nobility, today is able to shoot an unarmed person. Pechorin's experiment was a success! Here the “demonic” properties of his nature were fully manifested: “sow evil” with the greatest skill. During the duel, Pechorin again tests fate, calmly standing face to face with death. Then he offers Grushnitsky reconciliation. But the situation is already irreversible, and Grushnitsky dies, having drunk the cup of shame, remorse and hatred to the end. The duel with Grushnitsky is an indicator of how Pechorin is wasting his strength in vain. He defeats Grushnitsky and becomes the hero of the society he despises. He is higher environment, smart, educated. But internally devastated, disappointed. Pechorin lives "out of curiosity." But this is - on the one hand, because on the other - he has an ineradicable thirst for life. So, the image of Grushnitsky is very important in the novel, it reveals, perhaps, the most important thing in the central character. Grushnitsky - a distorting mirror of Pechorin - emphasizes the truth and significance of the suffering of this "suffering egoist", the depth and exclusiveness of his nature, brings Pechorin's qualities to the point of absurdity. But in the situation with Grushnitsky, all the danger that is always inherent in the individualistic philosophy inherent in romanticism is revealed with special force. Why is it so easy for Grigory Alexandrovich to go to the dkLermontov did not seek to pass a moral judgment. He only showed with tremendous power all the abysses of the human soul, devoid of faith, imbued with skepticism and disappointment.
Pechorin's character is very contradictory. He says: "I have long been living not with my heart, but with my head." At the same time, having received Vera's letter, Pechorin, like a madman, rushes to Pyatigorsk, hoping to see her at least once again. Where does all this come from? Pechorin himself gives the answer, writing in his diary: “My colorless youth was in a struggle with myself and the light, the best feelings, fearing ridicule, I buried in the depths of my heart: there they died!” Extreme selfishness and individualism are inherent in Pechorin. He is a "moral cripple". And this for all his giftedness, wealth of spiritual strength. He painfully searches for a way out, gets entangled in contradictions, thinks about the role of fate, seeks understanding among people of a different circle. But he finds nothing but emptiness. His character is marked by contradictions, his ideas are also contradictory. Pechorin himself admits that there are two people in him: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him. Pechorin considers this discord to be a moral "illness." Emphasizing the duality of the hero, Lermontov, as it were, says once again that Pechorin is a victim not only of his immediate environment, but also of the social system in which people of outstanding talent are morally suffocated. However, despite the author's condemnation of Pechorin's egoism, the central idea of Pechorin's image is still to distinguish him from the environment as a strong, bright, effective and at the same time tragic personality.
Faith plays a special role in this chapter. In her love there is that sacrifice that only dreamed of Princess Mary. Vera nurtures a deep tenderness for Pechorin, which does not depend on any conditions, her love has grown together with her soul. The sensitivity of her heart helps to understand Vera to the end of Pechorin with all his vices and sorrow. All the worries of Faith are supplanted by the life of the heart. She knows Pechorin on a par with him. If Grushnitsky dies from a bullet from Grigory Alexandrovich with the words: "... I despise myself, but I hate you"; when parting with Mary, she whispers to him: "I hate you ...", then Vera forgives him both his weaknesses and his cruelty. A woman of the secular circle, free from coquetry, Vera aroused the strongest feeling in Pechorin. But in relation to her, Pechorin is not free from the manifestation of egocentrism. "Since the time we know each other, you have given me nothing but suffering," says Vera Pechorin. Pechorin could not dare to link his life even with his beloved woman. He confesses: “No matter how passionately I love a woman, if she only lets me feel that I have to marry her, my heart turns to stone and nothing will warm it up again. I’m ready for all sacrifices except this one: twenty times life I will even put my honor at stake ... But I will not sell my freedom. " And in the scene of the chase on a horse for Vera Pechorin, who had left after the murder in a duel, Grushnitsky, having driven the horse to death, "fell on the wet grass and cried like a child." But then he writes: “When the night dew and the mountain wind refreshed my burning head and my thoughts returned to their usual order, then I realized that chasing lost happiness is useless and reckless. What else do I need? - to see her? - why? Not everything. Is it over between us? One bitter farewell kiss will not enrich my memories, and after it it will only be more difficult for us to part.
However, I am pleased that I can cry! However, perhaps this is due to upset nerves, a night spent without sleep, two minutes against the barrel of a gun and an empty stomach. Everything is for the best! .. "Everything is very logical and sober from the point of view of egoistic logic and reason. Tears are only the cause of nervous breakdown and hunger, and feelings can be saved for later. That was all love. The first gust of fresh wind dispelled Pechorin's sadness about the eternal separation from the woman, who, according to him, was so dear to him. Let's return to the topic of Alexander Grigorievich's duel with Grushnitsky. Why does Pechorin agree so easily to a duel? Pechorin is an atheist. He has no faith either in God or In the Devil. As follows, he has no faith in life or death. He does not feel the difference between these, therefore he so easily goes on an adventure. He does not know what is hidden behind the word death, and he is not interested. Therefore, without any thought, he turns such antonyms as "life" and "death" into synonyms.
). As its very title shows, Lermontov depicted in this work typical an image that characterizes the generation of his day. We know how little the poet appreciated this generation ("I look sadly ..."), - he holds the same point of view in his novel. In the "preface" Lermontov says that his hero is "a portrait made up of the vices" of people of that time "in their full development."
However, Lermontov is in a hurry to say that, speaking about the shortcomings of his time, he does not undertake to read moral teachings to his contemporaries - he simply draws a "history of the soul" " modern man as he understands it and, to him and the misfortune of others, has met too often. There will also be the fact that the disease is indicated, but how to cure it - God knows! "
Lermontov. Hero of our time. Bela, Maxim Maksimych, Taman. Feature Film
So, the author does not idealize his hero: as Pushkin executes his Aleko in Gypsies, Lermontov in his Pechorin brings the image of a disappointed Byronist off the pedestal, an image that was once close to his heart.
Pechorin speaks about himself more than once in his notes and in conversations. He recounts how frustrations followed him from childhood:
“Everyone read on my face the signs of bad qualities that were not there; but they were supposed - and they were born. I was modest - I was accused of cunning: I became secretive. I deeply felt good and evil; no one caressed me, everyone insulted me: I became rancorous; I was gloomy - other children are cheerful and talkative; I felt superior to them - they put me lower. I became envious. I was ready to love the whole world - no one understood me: and I learned to hate. My colorless youth passed in the struggle with myself and the light; my best feelings, fearing ridicule, I buried in the depths of my heart; they died there. I spoke the truth - they did not believe me: I began to deceive; Having learned well the light and springs of society, I became skilled in the science of life and saw how others without art were happy, using the gift of those benefits that I so tirelessly sought. And then despair was born in my chest - not that despair that is cured with the barrel of a gun, but cold, powerless despair, covered with courtesy and a good-natured smile. I have become a moral cripple. "
He became a “moral cripple” because people “distorted” him; they are not understood him when he was a child, when he became a youth and an adult ... They imposed on his soul duality,- and he began to live in two halves of his life - one ostentatious, for people, the other - for himself.
“I have an unhappy character,” says Pechorin. "Whether my upbringing created me this way, whether God created me this way, I don't know."
Lermontov. Hero of our time. Princess Mary. Feature film, 1955
Offended by the vulgarity and distrust of people, Pechorin closed in on himself; he despises people and cannot live by their interests - he experienced everything: like Onegin, he enjoyed both the vain pleasures of the world and the love of numerous admirers. He was also engaged in books, looking for strong impressions in the war - but admitted that all this is nonsense - and “under the Chechen bullets” it is as boring as reading books. He thought to fill his life with love for Bela, but how Aleko made a mistake in Zemfira , - and he did not manage to live one life with a primitive woman, an unspoiled culture.
“I am a fool or a villain, I don’t know; but it is true that I am also very deserving of pity, he says, maybe more than she: in me my soul is spoiled by light, my imagination is restless, my heart is insatiable; Everything is not enough for me: I get used to sadness as easily as to pleasure, and my life becomes empty day by day; I have only one means left: to travel. "
In these words, an extraordinary person is outlined in full size, with a strong soul, but without the ability to apply his abilities to anything. Life is small and insignificant, but there is a lot of strength in his soul; their meaning is unclear, since there is nowhere to apply them. Pechorin is the same Demon for whom his wide, free wings were entangled and dressed in an army uniform. If the moods of the Demon expressed the main features of Lermontov's soul - his inner world, then in the image of Pechorin he portrayed himself in the sphere of that vulgar reality that with lead pressed him to the ground, to people ... No wonder Lermontov-Pechorin is drawn to the stars, - more than once he admires the night sky - it's not for nothing that only free nature is dear to him here on earth ...
"Thin, white," but well built, dressed like a "dandy", with all the manners of an aristocrat, with well-groomed hands - he made a strange impression: in him strength was combined with some kind of nervous weakness. " On his pale, noble forehead, there are traces of premature wrinkles. His beautiful eyes "didn't laugh when he laughed." - “This is a sign of either an evil disposition, or a deep, constant sadness". In these eyes “there was no reflection of the heat of the soul, or of the playing imagination - it was a shine, like the shine of smooth steel, dazzling but cold; his glance is short, but penetrating and heavy. " In this description, Lermontov borrowed some features from his own appearance. (See Pechorin's appearance (with quotes).)
With contempt for people and their opinions, Pechorin, however, always, out of habit, broke down. Lermontov says that even he "sat like a thirty-year-old coquette Balzakova sits on her downy armchairs, after an exhausting ball."
Having accustomed himself not to respect others, not to reckon with someone else's world, he sacrifices the whole world selfishness. When Maksim Maksimych tries to offend Pechorin's conscience with cautious hints at the immorality of Bela's abduction, Pechorin calmly replies with the question: "When do I like her?" He "executes" Grushnitsky without regret not so much for his meanness as for the fact that he, Grushnitsky, dared to try to fool him, Pechorin! .. Vanity was outraged. In order to make fun of Grushnitsky ("it would be very boring without fools!"), He enthralls Princess Mary; cold egoist, he, for the sake of his desire to "have fun", brings a whole drama into Mary's heart. He ruins the reputation of Vera and her family happiness all from the same immeasurable selfishness.
"What do I care about the joys and disasters of men!" He exclaims. But not only cold indifference causes these words in him. Although he says that “sad is funny, funny is sad, but, in general, in truth, we are rather indifferent to everything, except ourselves” - this is only a phrase: Pechorin is not indifferent to people, he is takes revenge, evil and merciless.
He admits to himself both "minor weaknesses and bad passions." He is ready to explain his power over women by the fact that "evil is attractive." He himself finds in his soul "a nasty but invincible feeling," and he explains this feeling to us in the words:
“There is immense pleasure in the possession of a young, barely blossoming soul! It is like a flower, whose best fragrance evaporates towards the first ray of the sun, it must be picked at this moment and, having breathed its fill, thrown along the road: maybe someone will pick it up! "
He himself realizes in himself the presence of almost all the “seven deadly sins”: he has “insatiable greed” that absorbs everything, which looks at the suffering and joys of others only as food that supports mental strength. He has a frenzied ambition, a lust for power. "Happiness" - he sees in "rich pride." “Evil breeds evil: the first suffering gives the concept of the pleasure of torturing another,” says Princess Mary and, half in jest, half seriously, tells him that he is “worse than a murderer”. He himself admits that “there are minutes” when he understands “Vampire.” All this testifies that Pechorin does not have complete “indifference” to people. Like the "Demon", he has a large reserve of anger - and he can do this evil either "indifferently", then with passion (the Demon's feelings at the sight of an angel).
“I love enemies,” says Pechorin, “although not in a Christian way. They amuse me, excite my blood. To be always on guard, to catch every look, the meaning of every word, guess the intention, destroy conspiracies, pretend to be deceived and suddenly, with one push, overturn the entire huge and difficult building of tricks and plans - that's what I call life».
Of course, this is again a "phrase": not all of Pechorin's life was spent on such a struggle with vulgar people, there is a better world in him, which often makes him condemn himself. Sometimes he is "sad", realizing that he is playing the "miserable role of an executioner, or a traitor." He despises himself, ”he is burdened by the emptiness of his soul.
“Why did I live? for what purpose was I born? .. And, it is true, it existed and, it is true, there was a high purpose for me, because I feel immense strength in my soul. But I did not guess this appointment — I was carried away by the lures of passions, empty and ungrateful; from their furnace I came out hard and cold as iron, but I have lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations - the best color of life. And since then, how many times have I played the role of an ax in the hands of fate. As an instrument of execution, I fell on the heads of doomed victims, often without malice, always without regret. My love did not bring happiness to anyone, because I did not sacrifice anything for those whom I loved; I loved for myself, for my own pleasure; I satisfied a strange need of my heart, greedily absorbing their feelings, their tenderness, their joys and sufferings - and I could never get enough. " The result is "doubled hunger and despair."
“I am like a sailor,” he says, born and raised on the deck of a robber brig: his soul has gotten used to storms and battles, and, thrown ashore, he is bored and languishing, no matter how much the shady grove beckons him, no matter how the peaceful sun shines on him ; he walks for himself all day on the coastal sand, listens to the monotonous murmur of the oncoming waves and peers into the misty distance: if there, on the pale line separating the blue abyss from the gray clouds, the desired sail will not flicker. " (Compare Lermontov's poem “ Sail»).
He is burdened with life, is ready to die and is not afraid of death, and if he does not agree to commit suicide, then only because he still “lives out of curiosity,” in search of a soul that would understand him: “maybe I’ll die tomorrow! And not a single creature will remain on earth who would understand me completely! "
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Analysis of the novella "Princess Mary" I have an inborn passion to contradict; my whole life was only a chain of sad and unsuccessful contradictions to my heart or reason.
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Landscape in a story Yesterday I arrived in Pyatigorsk, rented an apartment on the edge of the city, at the highest point, at the foot of Mashuk: during a thunderstorm, clouds will descend to my roof. At five o'clock this morning, when I opened the window, my room was filled with the scent of flowers flowing in a modest front garden. Branches of cherry blossoms look out of my windows, and the wind sometimes strews their white petals on my desk. I have a wonderful view from three sides. To the west, the five-headed Beshtu turns blue like "the last cloud of a scattered storm"; to the north, Mashuk rises like a furry Persian hat, and covers this entire part of the sky; it's more fun to look to the east: below in front of me a clean, brand new town is dazzling, healing springs are rustling, a crowd of different languages is noisy - and there, further, the mountains are piling up like an amphitheater, all blue and foggy, and on the edge of the horizon a silver chain of snow peaks stretches, starting with Kazbek and ending two-headed Elborus ... It's fun to live in such a land! Some kind of gratifying feeling is spread in all my veins. The air is clean and fresh, like the kiss of a child; the sun is bright, the sky is blue - what would seem to be more? - why are there passions, desires, regrets ?.
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Landscape in the story What means of expression are used in the description? comparisons (like a furry Persian hat), metaphors (mountains are piled up like an amphitheater), personifications (cherry branches are looking into my windows), epithets) (a silver chain of snow peaks)
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Landscape in the story What mood is imbued with the description? (enthusiastic, lyrical) How does this characterize Pechorin? (He is a man with a sense of beauty, possessing the gift of speech) What poems by Lermontov remind you of the last sentence (rhetorical question)? (Both boring and sad ... "," When worried ... ") Draw a conclusion about the similarity of the characters of the author and his hero
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Pechorin in the system of images of the story What heroes of the novel help the reader to know the character of Pechorin?
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Pechorin in the system of images of the novel Maxim Maksimych calls Pechorin "strange", the narrator notices the inconsistency of his character, reflected in his appearance. Is the "water society" ideal for the hero, because he belongs to him? Pechorin himself answers this question negatively: "My soul is spoiled by light ..."
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Pechorin in the system of images of the novel They drink - but not water, they walk a little, drag only in passing; they play and complain of boredom. They are dandies: lowering their braided glass into a well of sour water, they assume an academic posture: civilians wear light blue ties, military men let out from behind the collar of the meso. They profess a deep contempt for provincial houses and sigh about the capital's aristocratic living rooms, where they are not allowed - Find the correspondence between this description and the poem "How often, a motley crowd is surrounded"
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Pechorin and Dr. Werner Can Werner's portrait be considered psychological? What attracts attention in it? Werner was small and thin and weak as a child; one leg was shorter than the other, like Byron's; in comparison with the body, his head seemed huge: he cut his hair under a comb, and the irregularities of his skull, discovered in this way, would have amazed the phrenologist with a strange interweaving of opposite inclinations. His small black eyes, always restless, tried to penetrate your thoughts. Taste and neatness were noticeable in his clothes; his thin, sinewy and small hands were adorned with light yellow gloves. His coat, tie and waistcoat were permanently black. The youth called him Mephistopheles; he showed that he was angry about this nickname, but in fact it flattered his pride.
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Pechorin and Dr. Werner Are the heroes compared or opposed? Werner is a wonderful person for many reasons. He is a skeptic and a materialist, like almost all doctors, and at the same time a poet, and in earnest, a poet in fact always and often in words, although he never wrote two poems in his life. He studied all the living strings of the human heart, as they study the veins of a corpse, but he never knew how to use his knowledge; so sometimes an excellent anatomist cannot cure a fever! Werner usually sneered at his patients; but once I saw him cry over a dying soldier ... Why did not they become friends? We soon understood each other and became friends, because I am incapable of friendship: of two friends, one is always the slave of the other, although often neither of them admits it to himself; I cannot be a slave, and in this case it is a tedious work to command, because at the same time it is necessary to deceive; and besides, I have lackeys and money!
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Pechorin and Grushnitsky I met him in an active detachment. He was wounded by a bullet in the leg and went to the water a week before me. Grushnitsky is a cadet. He has only been in service for a year, wears, for a special kind of smartness, a thick soldier's greatcoat. He has a St. George's cross. He is well built, dark and dark-haired; he looks to be twenty-five years old, although he is barely twenty-one. He throws his head back when he speaks, and every minute twists his mustache with his left hand, for with his right he rests on a crutch. He speaks quickly and pretentiously: he is one of those people who have ready-made magnificent phrases for all occasions, who are simply not touched by the beautiful and who are importantly draped into extraordinary feelings, lofty passions and exceptional suffering. To produce an effect is their pleasure; romantic provincial women like them madly.
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Pechorin and Grushnitsky What impression does Grushnitsky make? Is Pechorin right when he says about him: “His goal is to become the hero of the novel. He so often tried to assure others that he was a creature not created for the world, doomed to some kind of secret suffering, that he himself was almost convinced of it. " In what episodes is Grushnitsky's posturing and meanness revealed?
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Analysis of the episode of the duel 1. The role of the episode in the story 2. Reason and reason for the duel 3. Conditions of the duel 4. The behavior of the heroes. Psychological details that reveal their condition 5. Speech characteristic 6. The role of the landscape 7. The role of other characters
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Pechorin and Princess Mary Look at the illustrations, describe the story of Pechorin and Mary
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Princess Mary She has such velvet eyes - precisely velvet: I advise you to appropriate this expression when speaking of her eyes; the lower and upper eyelashes are so long that the sun's rays are not reflected in her pupils. I love those eyes without shine: they are so soft, they seem to be stroking you ...
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Why did Pechorin decide to conquer Mary? I often ask myself why I so persistently seek the love of a young girl whom I do not want to seduce and whom I will never marry? But there is immense pleasure in the possession of a young, barely blossoming soul! She is like a flower whose best fragrance evaporates towards the first ray of the sun; it must be ripped off at that moment and, having breathed its fill, toss it on the road: maybe someone will pick it up! I feel this insatiable greed in me, consuming everything that comes my way; I look at the sufferings and joys of others only in relation to myself, as food that supports my spiritual strength.
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Mary and Bela. Is the attitude towards them the same? Listen, dear, kind Bela! - continued Pechorin, - you see how I love you; I am ready to give everything to cheer you up: I want you to be happy; and if you are sad again, then I will die. Tell me, will you be more fun? When I saw Bela in my house, when for the first time, holding her on my knees, I kissed her black locks, I, a fool, thought that she was an angel sent to me by a compassionate fate ... I was wrong again: the love of a savage is little better than the love of a noble lady; the ignorance and innocence of one is as annoying as the coquetry of the other. If you want, I still love her, I am grateful to her for a few rather sweet minutes, I will give my life for her - only I am bored with her ... What am I bothering with? Out of envy of Grushnitsky? Poor thing, he doesn't deserve her at all. - Either you despise me, or love me very much! She said at last in a voice filled with tears. - Maybe you want to laugh at me, anger my soul and then leave? That would be so despicable, so low, that one guess ... oh no! isn't it, - she added in a voice of tender confidence, - isn't it, there is nothing in me that would exclude respect? Your impudent act ... I must, I must forgive you, because I allowed it ... Answer, speak, I want to hear your voice! .. - In the last words there was such a feminine impatience that I involuntarily smiled; Fortunately, it was getting dark. I didn't answer. - You are silent? - she continued, - perhaps you want me to be the first to tell you that I love you? .. I was silent ...
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Self-analysis of Pechorin I run through all my past in my memory and ask myself involuntarily: why did I live? for what purpose was I born? .. And, surely, it existed, and, probably, I had a high purpose, because I feel immense strength in my soul ... But I did not guess this purpose, I was carried away by the lures of empty and ungrateful passions; from their furnace I came out hard and cold as iron, but I have lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations - the best light of life. And since then, how many times have I played the role of an ax in the hands of fate! As an instrument of execution, I fell on the head of doomed victims, often without malice, always without regret ... My love did not bring happiness to anyone, because I did not sacrifice anything for those whom I loved: I loved for myself, for my own pleasure: I only satisfied a strange need of the heart, greedily absorbing their feelings, their joys and sufferings - and could never get enough. So, tormented by hunger in exhaustion, he falls asleep and sees in front of him luxurious dishes and sparkling wines; he devours with delight the airy gifts of the imagination, and it seems to him easier; but just woke up - the dream disappears ... there remains double hunger and despair! And maybe I will die tomorrow! .. and not a single creature will remain on earth that would understand me completely. Some esteem me worse, others better than I really ... Some will say: he was a good fellow, others - a scoundrel. Both will be false. Is it worth living after that? and all you live - out of curiosity: expecting something new ... It's funny and annoying!
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Let's sum up: "Some will say: he was a good fellow, others - a scoundrel." Give your assessment to Pechorin Read the novel "Fatalist" Make a dictionary of Pechorin's aphorisms
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Sources Film from the page of Ryabizova V.S. http://www.sch1262.ru/lermontov/1121.html http://lermontov.sch1262.ru/1121.html http://www.kino-govno.com/movies/ knjazhnameri / gallery / images / 15 http://900igr.net/kartinki/literatura/Bela/060-Povest-Knjazhna-Meri.html http://history-life.ru/post64451910/ http: // feb-web. ru / feb / lermenc / lre-vkl / Lre304-9.htm http://otkritka-reprodukzija.blogspot.com/2007/11/blog-post_8500.html http://il.rsl.ru/html/057/ j05637.html http://www.proshkolu.ru/user/vik-navigator/file/1226538/ - presentation template Pisarevskaya T.A. http://artcyclopedia.ru/portret_voennogo_(pechorin_na_divane)_1889-vrubel_mihail.htm http: / /900igr.net/fotografii/literatura/Bela/028-Pechorin.html- Pechorin http://forum-slovo.ru/index.php?PHPSESSID=0i7ko7k5jl6mjgm3k85d8sp016&topic=28746.20- Dalphotosight and Mironov / photos / 2195264 / - flower Slide from the presentation http://900igr.net/prezentatsii/literatura/Bela/027-Povest-Taman.html
