Modern musical genres. List of musical genres, directions and styles Types of musical genres

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The song genre is a favorite of almost every person. People began to sing long before the advent of music as such. No wonder the human voice is the most ancient of musical instruments, which is always stored inside each of us.

First came the song, then everything else.

So what are the genres of songs?

Term and brief history

The song is the simplest type of vocal music, but perhaps the most popular, which arose many years before our era. e. For the first time, its use was required in ancient rites and rituals. Only after a long time the song sounded differently, namely from the artistic side, and the consumer attitude receded into the background.

The original compositions were of a religious nature, when there was faith in the forces of nature and the gods corresponding to it. The compositions were quite simple, they could even be limited to three words.

In the ancient period, music and poetry were considered inseparable partners, therefore they were combined into a single art.

In the Middle Ages, songs were common among musicians such as troubadours, minnesingers, trouvers and mastersingers. They felt the inseparable thread between music and text, they felt the connection between the poetic form and the musical stanza.

A characteristic feature of the songs is the dominant melody performed by the voice throughout the entire accompanying background. The word, floating in the musical river, is like a boat, in which all the most necessary and important things are concentrated.

Types of songs

From a single musical trunk, with each century, many branches grew, stretching in completely different directions.

There are 2 types of songs:

  • folk, or folklore;
  • copyright.

Their main difference from each other lies in the names themselves. Art presupposes action, and action is performed by the subject or subjects.

Definition one

Folk song refers to a variety of folklore (oral folk art). At this art there is no single creator. Folk music is a consequence of the contribution of a large number of people. The song was passed from mouth to mouth, acquiring new nuances, intonations, words, and even a different meaning.

Traditional works were directly connected with the people and their everyday life: work, holidays and rituals.

The genre of Russian folk song is distinguished by its beauty and melody. It is not in vain that even abroad foreigners sing the favorite of all "Kalinka-Malinka".

Genres of folk songs

There are many genre divisions according to the type of events. For example, ritual (calendar and family).

Calendar implied Slavic holidays:

  • winter - carols ("A carol was born on the eve of Christmas"), schedrovki ("Good evening, generous evening"), oats ("Ovsey, Ovsey walked along the path");
  • Christmastide - podblyudnye;
  • Shrovetide ("Oh, pancakes, my pancakes");
  • spring - stoneflies, Easter ("From under the forest");
  • summer - Kupala.

Family described everyday scenes and holidays:

  • birth and nurturing;
  • wedding;
  • funeral (weeping and lamentations);
  • cradle.

There are also such genres of folk songs:

  • labor - united workers and did hard work with the help of a song, merging into one force, much easier;
  • comic - ditties, refrains, satire;
  • round dance and dance;

  • epic (narration) - epics, historical, ballads, fairy tales, fables;
  • drawn-out lyrical (often associated with a description of the heavy female share, which had to be put up with because of the traditions accepted by society);
  • otkhodnik (the time when it was necessary to leave the house and go to peasant work outside the village) - barge haulers, coachmen, soldiers, workers.

One of best songs genre of folklore

  • "Oh, frost, frost."
  • "Ah, it is not yet evening".
  • "Soldiers".
  • "Will I go, will I go out?"
  • "Felt boots".
  • "Thin rowan".
  • "Hey, let's go."

Genres of composer songs

An incalculable number of musical compositions in various song genres have been written. We will talk about them below.

Author's

Several features can be distinguished:

  • the composer who wrote the song reproduces it himself;
  • in addition to music, the author also composes text;

Hymn

The composition carries the task of praising someone or something. In all countries, it is considered the "main song" and occupies one of the three state symbols of the country (along with the coat of arms and flag).

Variety

This type of song belongs to the genre, one of the most popular at the present time. The term first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century.

Main features:

  • rhythm plays an important role;
  • main focus on vocals;
  • the composition is built according to a certain scheme - a verse and a chorus repeating after it;

Offshoots of pop songs:

  • europop;
  • disco;
  • classic;
  • electro;
  • indie;
  • country;
  • latina;
  • dream;
  • baroque;
  • soul;
  • blues;
  • jangle;
  • bubblegum and many other subsections that have grown in all directions.

Chanson

In France, the term was coined as a song in the style of a cabaret (a place for relaxation with small concert performances).

How does the genre of Russian song include collective image from:

  • card songs;
  • thieves;
  • lyrical songs, as well as urban romance.

Rock

It is the second type (along with pop) of popular music at the present time. The direction originated at the beginning of the 20th century.

Includes a huge number of subgenres and their varieties. Just some of them:

  • alternative;
  • garage;
  • glam;
  • grunge;
  • indie;
  • mathematical;
  • instrumental;
  • punk;
  • fast;
  • progressive;
  • surf;
  • software;
  • folk;
  • hard;
  • pop rock;
  • rapcore, and it is also worth emphasizing metal as a kind of rock music, with all the subspecies that follow from it.

Jazz

The direction was born thanks to the merits of African rhythms and European harmony. It includes, in addition to vocal compositions, a purely instrumental look.

Interesting fact: jazz instrumental and song genres are the most difficult types of music for perception, which require the brain to analyze the harmonic construction. Virtuosos undoubtedly have a high intellectual level, since improvisation requires even much deeper work.

Other types

In addition to the above, there are still a huge number of song genres:

  • blues - African American secular music;
  • folk - it combines folklore with modern trends;
  • rap - recitative to a rhythmic beat.

The world is full of vocal creativity, and everyone can find their favorite genre.

ACID HOUSE- the second generation of "house", generated by the atmosphere of Chicago. It differs from other directions by an abundance of trippy synth sounds as well as a deeper psychedelic sound. A very important factor is the almost complete absence of vocals.

ACID JAZZ- a style of dance music that has gained particular popularity since the early 90s. Its origins can be called "funk", "soul" and dance traditions of the 70s, and the direct ancestor in terms of psychedelicity is ACID ROCK. From the point of view of purely musical characteristics, "acid jazz" is a vague concept. Clear riff thinking, a combination of rational dance parts with improvisations, rich and at the same time soft sound are decisive. Clear square structures at tempos ranging from 88 to 116 bpm, a large number of live instruments combined with electronic sound effects - this is what distinguishes acid jazz from proper jazz, funk and dance music.

AMBIENT- a musical style that appeared in the 70s. The term, like the concept, was introduced by Brian Eno. The style is characterized by the vagueness of any components: vague melodies, vague movement, often a complete absence of rhythm. In fact, this is not music at all in its classical sense, but a set of noises multiplied by delays and emphasized by reverb.

AVANTGARDE - Avant-garde rock, this concept, which arose in the mid-60s, absorbed everything that developed under the influence of jazz, rock, folk. The brightest representatives of this trend are "Velvet Underground" and "Mothers Of Invention". Later, the term "avant-garde" began to refer to various non-traditional forms of music.

ART ROCK- this term refers to a form of rock that combines electronic sound, rhythm and blues, Eastern and medieval European folklore, classics and jazz. Art-rock bands perform multifaceted compositions and entire suites. Church oratorios, medieval madrigals, Gothic chants and symphonic inserts became peculiar clichés in this style. Characteristic features are deep conceptualism, a large proportion of instrumental improvisational music, long pieces that go far beyond the scope of a pop single. Not the last role is played by scenography; mini-performances can be played during concerts. Among the representatives of this style are such groups as "King Crimson", "Yes", "Emerson, Lake & Palmer" and "Genesis". In modern pop music, there are also the terms "classic rock", "symphonic rock", "intellectual rock", they all mean almost the same thing, and it is simply impossible to clearly distinguish between them.

BALLAD(ballad) - a vocal composition, mainly of a narrative nature, from the folk culture of England in the 16th-17th centuries. Ballads are characterized by monophony, couplet-song form, laconic rhythms. From time to time, interest in this genre increased markedly, as a result of which Scottish ballads, Chopin instrumental ballads, jazz ballads, rock ballads and so on are known to the musical world.

BARD- (bard - a word of Celtic origin) poet and musician, performer of his own songs.

BEAT- this style appeared in the early 60s, when in America the wave of passion for rock and roll began to wane. In England, and more specifically in Liverpool, hundreds of bands began to emerge that played in schools, clubs and dances. They played the same rock and roll, but with the restraint characteristic of the British. The brightest representative of this style are the early "The Beatles".

BIG BEAT- the main distinguishing feature of the "big-beat" is the specific sound created with the help of special studio equipment, as well as a strong weighting (compared to trip or hip-hop) of the main groove and overall texture. "Big Beat" combines the funky grooves of hip-hop, the power of rock and the swing techniques of house. It's better to dance to the "big beat" than to listen to it. Often in music publications "big beat" is also called "chemical beats". Among the founding fathers of "big beat" is called "CHEMICAL BROTHERS". If you hear a "fat" bass line, different from both "techno" and "jangle" with a bass drum on the first beat, if you feel a broken pulsing rhythm, don't hesitate - it's a "big beat". The most notable and famous representatives of this style are "EBOMAN", "PROPELLERHEADS", "RHYTHM ACE".

BLUES- this style was originally a solo performance by African Americans of lyrical compositions, mostly of a sad nature. The deliberate monotony and repetition of beats characteristic of the blues became the basis for rock and roll.

BREAK DANCE- a dance that appeared at the very beginning of the 80s in the New York Bronx quarter. Its roots go back to Africa, and the musical accompaniment is "rap" and progressive electronic music. Basic movements: sliding steps, jumps, rotation on the floor, as well as all kinds of acrobatic numbers. By the mid-80s, the break fashion had almost completely disappeared, but in the 90s it was remembered again.

BREAKBEAT- ("broken" beat) style, or to be more precise, a whole direction, was formed in the early 90s, stylistically finally formed in 1994. Great Britain is considered to be the place of his birth, and the main cities where this style was initially most widespread are London and Bristol. The name of the style fully reflects its essence: no directness and tenderness. Often the term "breakbeat" refers to very specific aggressive music at a tempo of about 130-140 bpm, with a dense guitar sound, with clear drum accents on beats 2 and 4 and fuss in the 3rd area. The main criteria for defining a "breakbeat" are clean, almost untreated drums and percussion (with the possible exception of compression) and a standard 4/4 rhythm. The purposefulness of the sound is emphasized by tangible bass lines, using analog devices like the "Roland TB-303". Sometimes, for the final pathos, wind instruments or a symphony orchestra are used.

BRISTOL SOUND- "trip-hop" from Bristol deserves special attention in this case. The most famous and prominent representatives of this trend are: "MASSIVE ATTACK", "PORTISHEAD" and Tricky. This style is characterized by a slow rhythm based on "hip-hop" combined with elements of "reggae dub" and interesting electronic sounds.

CLUB MUSIC- (club music) refers to a number of new directions that have become fashionable in recent times. Among them are "acid jazz", "drum-and-bass", "jungle" and others. A common feature is danceability, monotony, the use of sequencer and loop technology, the increased role of the DJ in creating music.

COUNTRY- purely American music, which embodies the traditions of the white population of the United States. Its roots are in folklore. Since the days of the Wild West, these unpretentious songs about love, loyalty, friendship and home have been performed on banjos, guitars and small fiddles. Such famous bands as "EAGLES" and "CREEDENCE" drew many of their ideas from country music.

DANCE MUSIC(dance music) is primarily electronic and related music. Although, of course, a rare work is now created without the help of a computer or a synthesizer. If you want to get your bearings in styles, the best way to find out the style of a particular dance composition is to ask its authors or look at the inscription on the record or CD. The fact is that many concepts are so vague that they are not subject to clear structuring.

DISCO- a musical style designed primarily for dancing. It appeared in the early 70s. The melody and rhythmic pattern is built around the same and frequent percussion beat (120 - 140 beats per minute). The brightest representatives of that time are "Boney" M", Donna Summer, "Bee Gees", etc. Subsequently, the "disco" style became the starting point for modern dance culture and gave rise to many fashionable styles and trends based on the use of modern the latest music technology.

DOWNBEATS- a musical style close to "hip-hop", a relaxing, rather slow rhythmic pattern with a soft, warm bass. This term appeared in connection with the publication in the press of reviews of the instrumental "hip-hop". In January 1998 the French band "AIR" released their debut album "Moon Safari", which is a great example of this category.

DREAM POP- originated in the early 80s on the basis of the British electronic psychedelic "PINK FLOYD", Brian Eno's ambient, Robert Fripp's "soundscapes", German "kraut-rock" research. "Dream Pop" created an atmosphere of some mystery, alluring and pleasant mystery, as if coming "from the depths of time". Representatives of this trend paid a lot of attention to arrangements, widely using acoustic, symphonic, "choral", as well as absolutely fantasy synthesizer timbres, used elements of the artistic language of "classics" and folk. In addition, they did not shy away from "visits" in pop music. Airy, flowing, "atmospheric" guitar-electronic matter, a voluminous sound with an abundance of percussions scattered over the stereo panorama, almost operatic, with a characteristic vibrato, female vocals were calling card dream pop leaders. In the second half of the 80s, on the basis of "dream-pop", such a direction as "Shoegazing" grew, characterized by a richer guitar-synth sound and a gloomy spirit. On the other hand, the research of "dream pop" turned out to be close to relaxation music "new age", as well as some areas of "house" ("dream house", "trip hop", etc.).

DRUM"N"BASS- one of the embodiments of the concept of "breakbeat". Formed by the beginning of the 90s as a style that combines a bass line at 80 bpm and an abundance of various drums at 160 bpm. Nothing more. Due to the temperament of the drums, this style is perceived as a dance style, due to the slower (often with a reggae character) bass line, it can be perceived as relaxing music. Gradually, beautiful, sometimes melancholic melodies began to be added to this style. In short, by the mid-90s "Drum" n "bass" slowly but surely transformed into intelligent jungle.

DUB - This musical style is most often used for chill-out. Its main distinguishing feature is a juicy, bright, loud bass leading a clear, albeit accompanying line. Another feature is a slow broken rhythm and a large amount of reverb.

ELECTRONIC MUSIC - School of Music focused primarily on the study and application of the possibilities of sound synthesis, the creation of completely new, previously unheard, artificial timbres. Historically, the ground for the emergence of electronic music was prepared by the development of sonoristic interpretation of sound in the works of composers of the first half of the 20th century. Electronic music originated in Germany and first made itself known in 1951, when at the Summer Courses in Contemporary Music in Darmstadt, W. Mayer-Eppler demonstrated an example of "electrosound" montage. The largest representatives of the electronic school are the Germans Herbert Eimert, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Hans Werner Henze, the French Henri Pusser, Pierre Boulez, the Italians Bruno Maderna, Luciano Berio, the Japanese Toshiro Mayuzumi and others. row. The achievements of the electronic school have greatly influenced pop, rock and modern dance music.

FUNK- a direction that originated among black performers as a continuation of soul music, but on a different, more rigid rhythmic basis. In the late 60s, it became a prominent factor in the struggle of American blacks for their rights. Formed the basis of "fusion", "motown", "hip-hop" music, as well as some forms of modern "club music".

GABBER- the fastest and toughest kind of "hardcore" was invented in Holland in 1989. The number of beats per minute for this variety sometimes reaches 400, but basically this figure is within 200 BPM. Speeded-up funny samples from children's radio shows and other amusing sound sketches are often used, which are said to give the music a bit of a goofiness.

GLAM-ROCK- the same as "glitter rock". This musical trend originated in the early 70s in the UK. It is characterized by pomposity, brilliance and emphasis on the appearance of an artist or musician. There is a lot of aesthetics and fantasy in the texts. The main representatives of this style are "KISS", DAVID BOWIE, ALICE COOPER, "ROXY MUSIC" and others.

HAPPY HARDCORE- pop and the most danceable variation on the theme of "hardcore". Childish voices, sugary melodies, the same fast beat, which, however, is softened by various commercially viable sounds and trendy synthesizers. A typical representative of this direction is the group "SCOOTER".

HARD ROCK- hard Rock. In the mid-60s, taking the "blues" as a basis, many groups, having made this musical style heavier, came close to the ideas of "hard rock". As an independent musical style, "hard rock" was fully developed by the end of 1966. At this time, a huge number of ensembles of the highest class simultaneously appeared in England and the USA, among them - "LED ZEPPELIN", "DEEP PURPLE", "BLACK SABBATH", "URIAH HEEP" and others. Each of them brought their own specific sound to this music. For several years, "hard rock" developed and expanded its capabilities, but by the mid-70s, interest in this music began to disappear. Nevertheless, many contemporary performers quite often turn to the cultural heritage of this style.

The logical continuation of "hard rock". The old authorities were replaced by ambitious youth, who had more than enough energy - they then splashed it out on the listeners in the late 70s. Musicians of this style played even harder and faster. Over time, "metal" has its own trends, the most significant - "THRASH" and "SPEED METAL". In this style, it is difficult to find original ways to develop and therefore many groups were similar to each other. But there were also real stars, for example, "METALLICA", "BON JOVI", "DEF LEPPARD", "SCORPIONS", "AC / DC", "AEROSMITH", "IRON MAIDEN" and others.

hip-hop- a kind of urban black subculture that came to the surface, beyond the ghetto in the early 80s. Having become fashionable, it went beyond the borders of the United States and covered for a short period a part of the white youth capable of perceiving "funk" music. The main components are rap, breakdance (electric boogie, breaking, frieze), graffiti and street sports. The 1990s saw a second wave of interest in hip hop, especially rap in its newer forms.

HOUSE MUSIC- this is the so-called "home music", because it could be made at home and at discos. She appeared in the mid-80s in Chicago and New York. DJs, using several players, a sequencer and a synthesizer, with the help of mixing and overlaying tracks, played their own music, sometimes combining completely different performers. The structure of the classic "house" is quite simple: standard 4/4 time signature and not very fast tempo (about 120 BPM). A "solo" or a clap usually falls on the second and fourth quarters, and a hat sounds on every sixteenth beat (in the interval between the bass drum). "House" tracks are usually filled with bright and beautiful passages, major chords and simple but catchy melodies. The roots of the style come from such music as "disco" and "soul".

IDM (INTELLIGENT DANCE MUSIC)- The founder of this alternative direction of electronic music is the English techno musician Richard James, known as "Aphex Twin". It is generally accepted that the style originated in 1989, and the term was coined in the depths of computer networks in 1993 in order to denote music that did not fit into the framework of any of the existing styles, or was not at all similar. With the light hand of the English computer scientists who introduced this term, all incomprehensible experimental techno music (that is, music using technology) began to be called the three letters IDM. At one time, bands from "Cosmic Baby" to "Cabaret Voltaire", from "Banco De Gaia" to "Goldie", from "Portishead" to "Underworld" fell under the definition of this style. Since then, this style has acquired a very definite framework.

INTELLIGENT- music with this characteristic is intended more for listening and relaxing pastime than for use at parties, especially as a decoration for the dance floor. There are intelligent variants of "jungle", "techno". Compared to pure styles, their reasonable versions are more melodic, atmospheric, and you can trace the theme, often very pretty.

JAZZ-ROCK- a conceptual direction that arose in the late 60s based on the synthesis of several musical cultures - jazz, funky soul, rock music, classical and ethnic music. Fusion of activity of white and black musicians, ancient Eastern traditions and modern Western technologies.

JUNGLE- the style was born in England in 1988. This is a musical direction that combines the energy of broken African rhythms and the possibilities of modern technology. "Jungle" is distinguished by aggressive sounding, accepted tempo: 180-190 bpm, rhythmic polyphony, torn bass line, free shifting of rhythmic patterns, slight timbre variety. Since 1992, there has been a style breakthrough on the big stage with the SL2 single "On A Ragga Tip". From now on, "jungle" is very popular, especially among the British and advanced jazzmen. Evidence of this sub-style "jungle jazz".

MINIMAL TECHNO- it's just an extremely simple rhythm and a few specific, often synthesized, sounds with a small amount of different noise. From a musical point of view, this style is very interesting and original precisely because of the maximum simplicity of execution.

NEW AGE- a kind of music, mostly instrumental, developed in connection with the activity of a new class - "young urban professionals" - "yuppies". Soothing, noble, mostly quiet music based on new classics and ancient meditativeness. Not aggressive, and inherently - not improvisational. Uses the most advanced electronic technology along with pure acoustic sounds.

POP MUSIC- a concept that covers a variety of styles, trends and genres of modern music. The term "pop music" first appeared in the late 1950s. and was originally used to refer to commercial rock music. Nowadays, pop music includes all the phenomena of the commercial music and entertainment industry. The most important means of distribution of pop music are radio, television and record companies. The contemporary pop music market is jointly owned by several European and American record labels with close ties to radio, press, shops and television. Their activities ensure the constant commercialization and standardization of creative findings, as well as the promotion of the popularity of "star" artists, legitimizing or skillfully copying a set of fashionable stylistic features.

POST-PUNK- one of the varieties of the "new wave", which replaced the "punk rock" of the second half of the 70s. Unlike the "new wave", "post-punk" is a stylistic concept rather than a sociocultural one, although here we are also dealing not with a single style, but with a whole conglomeration of them. "Post-punk" emerged in 1977-78, when the British punk "hysteria" began to slowly calm down and become commercialized. The musicians who replaced the punk generation liked the independent spirit and raw sound of punk, however, they sought to express their attitude to the world around them with the help of new means of expression, new technologies, and timbres. In addition, the public is already tired of the aggressiveness, nihilism, cynicism, "dirt" that "punk" poured on it. Therefore, to some extent, post-punk became not only a continuation, but also a reaction to the work of its predecessors. He returned a note of romance to music, sometimes even sadness, depression, and focused on internal, personal problems. In addition to "punk", the formation of "post-punk" was also significantly influenced by the dance genre "disco", electronic "ambient", as well as many other sources - from "art rock" to American academic minimalism. Representatives of "post-punk" in Britain ("THE CURE", "ECHO & THE BUNNYMEN", "BAUHAUS", "JOY DIVISION", "JAPAN", etc.) played gloomy, cold, nervous music. The mood of the music of American post-punkers at the turn of the 70s and 80s was more positive, energetic, ironic. The musical style was eclectic: it combined individual features of "rock and roll", "big beat", garage rock of the 60s, "rockabilly", "country", "disco", and all this was based on a dance beat ( "THE B-52"s", "BLONDIE", "THE CARS", "PRETENDERS", etc.).

PROGRESSIVE- a word coined among music journalists, originally denoted the direction of techno music, which emphasized by no means skillful sampling and synthesizer "loops". Preference was given to exact copying of live instruments and the search for successful short melodies. However, a separate style was never formed, so the term "progressive" makes sense only as a characteristic (for example, "progressive house", etc.)

PUNK- originated in 1974 in New York, and it reached its apogee in 1976 in England. It is believed that this was a protest against official rock music, which embodied the despair of the younger generation. The philosophy of punks is elementary: universal nihilism and denial of social values. The main musical ideologist of the punk movement was the group "SEX PISTOLS".

RAGTIME- This is a genre of piano, later, orchestral music of the late XIX - early XX century. Received the widest distribution both on the stage and in everyday life. Despite the seeming ease, the piano style of "ragtime" requires a high level of technique.

RAVE- "rave", unlike the usual dance party, something like a collective meditation, when under the influence of a hard rhythm and electronic melodies, the dancers enter a semi-hypnotic state. The heart of rave is the DJ. There are many so-called styles in this music, they often differ only in drum pattern, but they are divided into two impressive groups - "trance" and "house". "Trance" is performed using analog synthesizers (and sometimes sampled "live" instruments, such as ethnic ones) and has a strong emotional impact on the listener, which is reflected in the title. "Trance" appeared in Europe, "house" was born in New York. Techno music originated in Germany in 1987, invented by a DJ named Westbam. DJs tend to specialize in one or more styles, but there are also generalists. R&B - (Rhythm and blues), a blues vocal-instrumental style of Negro music of the 1930s, which arose under the influence of swing. Subsequently commercialized. It is considered one of the earliest forms of Negro rock music. Its commercial modifications, created by white musicians, include "rock and roll" and "twist".

ROCK(short for rock "n" roll) - a trend in American and European popular music (since the 1950s), born on the wave of social "non-conformist" youth movements. Originating in the USA in the form of rock and roll, rock music has been gaining wide popularity since the 60s, thanks mainly to UK rock bands - THE BEATLES, ROLLING STONES, etc. (until the 80s .both countries occupied leading positions in world rock music). The assimilation by rock musicians of the compositional and harmonic features of the blues played a decisive role in shaping the style of rock music. Its essential features are a special rhythmic pulsation in the bass, the use of predominantly electromusical instruments, which determine the increased dynamic tone of the music, the prevalence of rhythmic and harmonic principles over melodic ones. In the future, developing in interaction with pop music and in connection with the expansion of show business, rock music underwent a significant stylistic evolution. Now it is a branched culture, consisting of many musical movements with their own characteristics in different countries.

ROCKABILLY is one of the most controversial styles of popular music in terms of its etymology. Few people in Europe know that for a long time in the USA "rockabilly" has been considered as one of the sub-styles of "country". "Rockabilly" combines elements of "hillbilly" and "rhythm and blues". This style originated in the southern United States among white teenagers who mixed elements of country music, the energy of "rock and roll" and the rhythms of black music.

ROCK N ROLL- this term appeared in the early 50s. So they began to call a slightly modified black "rhythm and blues". To the white population The United States needed its own dance music, which would be based on a clear bass rhythm and expressive melodies. In April 1954, the single "ROCK AROUND THE CLOCK" performed by Bill Haley appeared - it was he who served as the impetus for a sharp increase in interest in this style. In the 50s there were many first-class performers and composers: Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Elvis Presley - they all stood at the origins of "rock and roll". Over time, this style changed, absorbing various musical directions, lyrics from entertaining songs became philosophical and acutely social. Now this concept includes all modern guitar music, with the exception of mass dance culture.

SPEED GARAGE- the style of club dance music appeared in 1996, and 1997 was the time of its active growth in the music world. First the United States, then England, and soon the whole world began to move to the rhythms of "speed-garage". This was the beginning of a specific experimental "house", which quickly grew from experimental into a powerful dance movement, rightfully called the buzzword "speed-garage". A characteristic feature is the bass line, which literally occupies the foreground of the musical picture and sets an energetic pumping of rhythm and atmosphere on the dance floor, and it is thanks to this feature that "speed-garage" is rapidly popularized all over the world. By the way, that's probably why some people call "speed-garage" a dance mix of "house" and "jungle". Another feature of "speed-garage" music is the numerous and lengthy beatless sections that sometimes serve as a prelude to the second part of the composition, forcing the dancers to cheer up with a rising wave of interruptions and an incandescent atmosphere on the dance floor. It's time to move on to direct examples - there are a lot of them, but I will give the most pronounced ones: Goldie feat. KRS one "Da Digital" (Armand's Speed ​​Garage Mix), Double 69 "Ripgroove", Ultra Nate "Free" (RIP Up North Mix), Mousse T, Armand van Helden, Todd Terry, Double 99, Ultra Nate, 187 Lockdown, Serious Danger "Speed ​​Garage" is a great club dance hybrid of old and new in modern dance culture.

SPEED-METAL- one of the early varieties of "metal", which appeared in the first half - mid-80s. It was determined by a faster tempo than in "classical" heavy metal, more aggressiveness, militancy, energetic sound, gravitation towards virtuoso guitar soloing and high-speed "chess" in accompaniment (hence the name: from the English speed - speed), more a frequent rhythmic grid (two barrels), a more expressive vocal manner (very high tenor or "growling" vocals). "Speed ​​metal" did not develop into a powerful, mass direction, becoming, rather, a transitional stage to thrash metal: the latter took as a basis such qualities as high speed of execution, technicality, assertiveness, interpreting them in their own way towards even greater aggression in "thrash". Nevertheless, the influence of "AIDS" continues to be traced to this day, even at the level individual works. Among the actual "speed" works are the following: the debut of the American band "METALLICA", the early albums of the Canadian band "EXCITER", the German "HELLOWEEN", "RAGE", "BLIND GUARDIAN". Sometimes the work of such masters of guitar art as Yngwie Malmsteen and Joe Satriani is also referred to as "speed metal", which is not true, even taking into account the extreme technicality, virtuosity and inspiration inherent in these performers.

SURF- a purely American musical style that arose in the early 60s. Its brightest representative was the group "BEACH BOYS", who performed sweet songs with a simple motive.

SWING- the style of orchestral jazz that developed at the turn of the 1920s and 30s. as a result of the synthesis of Negro and European style forms of jazz music. A characteristic type of pulsation based on constant deviations of the rhythm (leading or lagging) from the reference shares. This creates the impression of a large internal energy in a state of unstable equilibrium.

SYNTY POP- a style that became one of the notable phenomena in line with the early "new wave" (along with post-punk, with which synth-pop has many intersections). At the turn of the 70-80s, the short-lived, but very bright period of "punk" ended. But for some British musicians, the idea of ​​"punk" was so sweet that they were not going to part with it. Innovators like Gary Numan and HUMAN LEAGUE have moved to synths and drum machines, fusing the frantic energy of "punk rock" with the disco beats and electronic possibilities already proven by "computer geniuses" like "KRAFTWERK", "CAN" and Brian Eno (Brian Eno). The perfect balance between dark, gloomy-melancholic energy and danceability was found by "DEPECHE MODE". Turned to synth-pop "JOY DIVISION" and "NEW ORDER". Synth-pop is often referred to as BRONSKI BEAT, PET SHOP BOYS, Howard Jones and some other artists who appeared on the scene closer to the mid-80s. Very non-commercial at first, focused on a hard, chilly synth sound and minimalist "hooks", the "synth-pop" movement quickly modulated into a more entertaining, romantic plane, acquired a smoother sound (with formulaic melodies and types of accompaniment), a major mood. On the basis of "post-punk" and "synthesis-pop" in 1981-82, the "new romanticism" movement started, later - electro-pop and "gothic".

TECHNO- this term appeared in the late 70s - early 80s, when musical compositions acquired a futuristic sound, minimalistic melodies and mechanistic vocals became the norm, someone decided to call it all techno-pop. It is clear that the defining attributes of "techno" are all sorts of technologies, from the drum machine to the sampler. In addition to, so to speak, a general meaning, "techno" has one more thing: it is a dance style with a straight beat and clear melodies for three or four chords. After the heavy wave of "Detroit techno" of the late 80s - early 90s, this term was firmly and reliably entrenched in hard minimalist music in the tempo range of 130-150 bpm.

TECHNO HARDCORE- a heavier, less abstract and more aggressive version of "techno". Very fast and direct beat, plenty of industrial sounds, screams, screams, grinding and howling synth themes. In "hardcore" tracks, people like to use "crashes", as well as effects such as "distortion". A distinctive feature of this style is a fast tempo (from 170 to 400BPM) and a hard bass drum, passed through distortion. It is worth saying that it was in the "hardcore" in the old days that they first began to use the broken rhythm, characteristic of the "jungle" tracks. Along with a straight beat, you can also hear quite syncopated fills.

THRASH-METAL- one of the varieties of "metal", which arose in the first half of the 80s. The primary credit for the formation of ("thrash" belongs to American musicians (most of them natives of California), who fell in love with British "heavy metal". Rave reviews of the "new wave of British heavy metal" seeped into America through the press, and music reached the New World on records.Among the groups of the first "thrash echelon", in addition to "METALLICA", one should name "MEGADETH", "EXODUS", "ANTHRAX", "SLAYER", "OVERKILL", "TESTAMENT", "ANNIHILATOR "," SEPULTURA", "KREATOR", etc. "Thrash" is characterized by hard, lapidary bass and guitar riffs, "infernal" tritone turns (coming from "BLACK SABBATH"). The tempo in "thrash", as in "speed -metal", ranges from moderately fast to very fast. A typical sign of "thrash" is an intense bass-guitar tremolo and rhythmic unison with bursts of two barrels (hence the name of the style: from English to thrash - thrash, drum). Vocal lines are often dissonant with the instrumental texture, although in general m vocal style, albeit quite forced, can not be called anti-musical. The role of "thrash metal" for the further development of international "orthodox" and "alternative" heavy music cannot be overestimated. Varieties of "thrash" are "techno-thrash" and "thrashcore".

TRIP HOP- England is considered the birthplace of this style, where most of the musicians of this direction come from. The name "trip hop" was given in 1994, although similar music was played much earlier. The style is based on a slow (no more than 110 bpm) broken rap movement. Most often, this is instrumental music, often it contains elements of jazz. Live instruments here are successfully combined with electronic ones.

Music is an integral part of most people's lives. Musical works are listened to in all corners of our planet, even in the most remote ones. Despite the huge popularity and importance of this art direction, many people do not think about what kind of styles and genres of music. This article discusses the TOP 10 musical directions that have not lost their popularity to this day.

Due to the variety of different genres, many of you are wondering: What styles of music are there? We tried to answer your question and organize the main styles of music into a separate list, which, according to experts, will always be popular despite many years.

1 Pop music


This style belongs to the modern direction of music. This genre is characterized by simplicity, interesting instrumentation and a sense of rhythm, while vocals are far from being the main focus. The main and practically the only form of musical compositions is the song. "Pop" includes the characteristic features of Europop, Latin, synthpop, dance music, etc.

Music experts highlight the following features of pop music:

  • conservative scheme for constructing songs "verses + choruses";
  • simplicity and ease of perception of melodies;
  • the main instrument is the human voice, the accompaniment plays a secondary role;
  • the rhythmic structure plays an important role: most of the compositions are written for dancing, so they are distinguished by a clear, unchanging beat;
  • on average, the length of the songs is from 3 to 5 minutes, which is fully consistent with the format of modern radio stations;
  • lyrics are usually dedicated to personal emotions and experiences (love, sadness, joy, etc.);
  • The visual presentation of works is of great importance.

2 Rock


As the name implies (rock - “download”), this genre of music characterized by rhythmic sensations that are associated with a certain movement. Some signs of rock compositions (electromusical instruments, creative self-sufficiency, etc.) are secondary, which is why many music styles mistakenly attributed to rock. Various subcultures are associated with this musical direction: punks, hippies, metalheads, emo, goths, etc.

Rock is divided into several directions or styles, ranging from "light" works of danceable rock and roll, pop rock and Britpop, to brutal and aggressive death metal and grindcore. This genre is characterized by "musical expression", in particular, increased dynamics (loudness) of performance (some compositions are performed at 120-155 dB).

Rock bands usually have a vocalist, a guitarist (who plays electric guitar), a bass player, and a drummer (sometimes a keyboardist). The rhythm section is made up of bass guitar, drums and rhythm guitar (not always).

3 Hip-hop


This direction of music consists of several genres: from "light" styles (pop-rap) to aggressive ones (hardcore, horrorcore). Lyrics can also have different content - from light and casual (memories of childhood, youth, etc.) to complex social problems.

Hip-hop is based on styles such as funk, jazz, reggae, soul and rhythm and blues. Quite often, hip-hop is confused with rap, which is fundamentally wrong. Rap is a recitative performance of musical compositions, while hip-hop may not have recitative at all. In the USSR, this music style appeared in the 1980s.

The following subgenres of hip hop exist:

  • old school: relatively simplified recitative, lines of the same length, unchanged direction of rhythm and beats;
  • newschool: relatively short tracks, more soulful motives (in the direction of pop music);
  • gangsta rap: songs about hard life, hooliganism, crime, etc.;
  • political hip-hop: the lyrics contain a call for anti-social activities, the unification of society to resolve various internal and external threats;
  • alternative hip-hop: this direction is based on funk, jazz, pop-rock, soul styles, and the compositions are a combination of music with recitative;
  • G-funk: This style combines pi-funk melodies and deep funk basses (synthesizer fill, thin flute sound and recitative), diluted with male or female backing vocals;
  • horrorcore: this direction is distinguished by the greatest "rigidity" and brutality of the tracks;
  • southern hip-hop: this style has southern motives of African and Latin American countries;
  • Grime: Characterized by the track's dark atmosphere, booming basses, and fast-paced, aggressive rapping.

4 RAP


Rap is a rhythmic recitative that is usually read to the beat. The performers of such compositions are rappers or MCs. Rap is one of the main components of hip-hop. But this style is also used in other genres (drum and bass, pop music, rock, rapcore, nu metal, etc.).

The origin of the word "rap" is based on the English "rap" (beats, knocks) and "to rap" (talk).

Rap - music is quite diverse. Compositions can be simple, but at the same time interesting and melodic. They are based on the beat - the rhythm of the songs. Often, there is some emphasis on the clap (clap), snare (clear and short drum beat), percussion (whistles, chains, etc.) or kick drum every beat.

Keyboards, brass and computer sounds are usually used as musical instruments.

5 R&B


R&B (rhythm and blues) refers to the song and dance genre of music. This style is based on the blues and jazz trends of the first half of the 20th century. A distinctive feature of the genre are dance motifs that encourage listeners to dance uncontrollably.

The R&B style is dominated by cheerful melodies that do not carry any special philosophical or mental themes.

Many music experts associate rhythm and blues with black people, since all the “black” genres are based on, with the exception of classical and religious motifs.

6


This musical direction arose at the end of the 19th century in the United States. This style of music combines African and European cultures.

Distinctive features of this direction are improvisation, sophisticated rhythm (syncoped figures) and unique techniques of rhythmic textures.

Jazz also refers to dance music. The compositions are cheerful, give vivacity and a good mood. But unlike R&B, jazz melodies are calmer.

7 Instrumental music


Compositions of this music directions are performed with the help of musical instruments, and the human voice does not take any part in this. MI can be solo, ensemble and orchestral.

Instrumental music is one of best styles"for the background". Melodies based on live instruments and modern hits are ideal for calm radio stations, and listening to them gives harmony while working and relaxing.

8 folk music

Quite a popular style is folk music related to musical folklore. Compositions are the musical and poetic creative ideas of the people, which are passed down from generation to generation. Traditional melodies are usually created by the rural population. Such direction of music a weighty opposition to popular and academic singing.

The texts are based on various motives, ranging from warm love relationships to terrible and terrible military events.

9 Electro


Electronic music is a fairly broad genre, the melodies of which are created using electronic musical instruments and computer technology. This style has various directions, ranging from experimental academic songs to popular electronic dance tracks.

Electronic music combines the sounds produced by electronic technology and electromechanical musical instruments(telarmonium, Hammond organ, electric guitar, theremin and synthesizer).

10 Trance Music


Trance is a type of electronic music characterized by an artificial sound, emphasis on harmonics and timbres, and a relatively fast tempo (between 120 and 150 beats per minute). Usually trance is used for various dance events.

If you start to continue this list, it will be endless, as hundreds of different styles and sub-styles appear from year to year. We also wanted to note that our list did not include such styles of music as:

  • disco
  • techno
  • country music
  • lounge
  • trance

We will be glad if you leave your comments and add to the list!


Vanguard

A term designed to describe experimental musical creativity. Conventional name for various currents of contemporary art, characterized by the search for new expressive means and forms. The roots of modern avant-garde are in the ideological and aesthetic attitudes of modernist art. currents of the early 20th century. As a rule, this or that manifestation of the avant-garde appears in the "frame" of aesthetic, political and social doctrines. In fact, the avant-garde, always oriented towards "otherness" and novelty, can be regarded as a philosophy of activity.

Genre of songwriting, characterized by the primacy of the text in relation to the musical component. Represents songs performed by the author himself, accompanying himself on the guitar. It has a pronounced amateur character, without requiring significant musical or vocal training.

Alternative

Since the mid-80s, the development of trends born in line with punk and post-punk has entered a phase of the so-called. "alternatives" (alternative, alternative rock, alternative pop / rock). In any dominant cultural tradition There are a number of subcultures whose music is usually called "alternative". Currently, "alternative" is mainly understood as a number of musical styles that are at the junction of hip-hop, hardcore and other areas.

Blues

Blues (blues, from blue devils - sadness, melancholy) - originally a solo lyrical song of the American black population. An early form is rural blues. In the future, the so-called. urban or classic blues, in which they have established themselves characteristics, largely inherited from African folk music (syncopated rhythms, improvisational performance, non-fixed lowering of the fret steps (usually at the 3rd and 7th steps of the major).

vocals

Music meant to be sung. Vocal music includes both works for one, several or many voices without accompaniment, as well as any musical compositions for singing with instrumental accompaniment (various genres of chamber vocal music, choirs with instrumental accompaniment, as well as opera).

Jazz

Jazz is a kind of professional musical art that developed in the southern states of the United States at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The most important features are the fundamental role of rhythm, regular metrical pulsation, the use of the widest range of timbre colors, etc.

instrumental

Music intended for instrumental performance (without the participation of the voice).

Country

Musicologists define country music as a style of American music that was originally a mixture of the folk music of England, Ireland and Scotland. Throughout its history, the style has been influenced by other styles (and in turn influenced their development), resulting in a number of style varieties: country verstern, country rock, etc.

Celtic

A variety of modern ethnic music (including electronic), using the forms (motifs, melodies, etc.) of traditional English, Irish and Welsh music.

classical

A term that does not denote any particular style or direction (not to be confused with classicism). Classical are musical works that meet the highest artistic requirements and combine depth, content with perfection of form. Classics is not limited by any time frame: it can include both works created in the distant past and modern compositions.

Latin

A conditional term that describes the music of performers in whose musical work Latin American and Caribbean motifs are traced or certain forms of Latin American music are used (bossa, rumba, tango, samba, etc.).

Meditation/Relax

The term unites such musical directions as ambient, new age, lounge, etc. The principle of association is the functional purpose of the mentioned directions - "background music for relaxation".

Metal

Initially - a musical style that was constituted in the process of development of hard rock. At present, it is a term that unites all varieties of "heavy music", differing both in the specifics of sound and in ideology (which is expressed in the texts of the compositions and in the image of the performers). In light of the huge number of varieties of "metal" (power, speed, thrash, black, doom, death, etc.) it should be considered not only as a musical direction, but also as a kind of ideology.

newage

A term that fixes the unity of the directions of modern (in most cases, not improvisational) music, designed to create some kind of "state of mind" that allows the listener to immerse himself in his own subconscious. The origins of NEW AGE music can be found in jazz, art rock, acoustic chamber music with a minimalist twist, and of course electronic music.

Punk

A direction that was constituted in the mid-seventies as "music of social protest" (in particular, protest against the commercialization of rock music). As a social phenomenon, punk is traditionally viewed as a form of expression of distrust of the lower and middle class representatives in public institutions. It is generally accepted that hardcore, thrash and grunge emerged from the instrumental base of punk rock.

Popular

A concept covering various styles and genres of predominantly light pop music oriented towards commercial success. Currently, the term "pop" (derived from "pop music") is often used to give the statement a negative appraisal.

Radio show

A kind of dramatic verbal-sound art. Artistic genre of mass broadcasting art, which is based on the possibility of broadcasting a performance literary works all genres as well as drama and opera performances specially adapted for the radio theater.

Rhythm Blues

RHYTHM AND BLUES - one of the directions of rock, which is a combination of pure blues and energetic jazz. Rhythm and blues appeared at the end of the 40s in Chicago and gave life to most of the subsequent directions and forms of rock itself. 217)
A musical style of urban blues in the 1940s that uses electric guitars, saxophones, and backing harmonies to create a more full-bodied sound than that of country blues. He had a great influence on the music of rock (rock music) and soul (soul). Ray Charles (Charles, Ray), B.B. King (King, B.B.), as well as Ike and Tina Turner (Turner, Tina) are considered classical performers of this style.

Rock

Rock as an ideology is, first of all, the artist's internal protest against one or more components of being. From a musical point of view, rock is a work in which there is a beat, as well as 1st - 3rd bit beats. As a rule, the instrumentation of rock is electric, but this is not a prerequisite: rock can be acoustic, synthesized, and even purely vocal. Most of the current musical trends are based on rock.

rockabilly

Rockabilly is the forerunner of rock and roll, a rhythmic hybrid of country music (otherwise called hill billy) and blues. Characterized by the use of acoustic guitars and double bass (as opposed to electric in rock and roll).

Romance

Romance is a chamber vocal work for voice with instrumental accompaniment. In a romance, the melody is connected with the verse in more detail than in the song, reflecting not only its general character, but also individual poetic images, their development and change. The romance is subdivided into separate genre varieties: ballads, elegies, barcarolles, romances in dance rhythms, etc.

Russian chanson

Blatnaya song is a term that fixes the unity of works of various musical genres of chamber vocal music (from chanson to romance) according to the thematic feature (criminal theme).

reggae

A term used to characterize various styles of Afro-Caribbean music and American r "n" b, which has undergone a major transformation in Jamaica. Appears as a result of the development of the ska style, it is based on a rhythm similar to ska, but differs in a lower tempo. Religious and philosophical doctrine - Rastafarianism - had a huge influence on reggae.

Rap

Often the term is used as a synonym for hip-hop, but in fact rap is only one of the components of hip-hop culture. Initially Rap, a rhythmic tongue twister, accompanied by a hard funk rhythm, which later became the main stylistic core of hip hop. Modern experts divide rap into many of its directions. The principles of such division are: geography, ideology, rhythm, melody, etc. Some decipher this word as Rhythmical American Poetry.

Soundtrack

A compilation of several musical works of various genres, which are the accompanying soundtrack of a feature, animation, less often a documentary film, and due to their high artistic merits, can act (distribute) as an independent, "intrinsic" product.

Ska

Ska (ska) - the national form of Jamaican music, is characterized by a syncopated rhythm (meter - 4/4) and carries the features of traditional Jamaican music "mento" and American rhythm and blues. Elements of ska are also used in other areas - for example, punk, rock, etc.

Soul

A direction that was constituted in the USA in the mid-50s and is a secular version of one of the branches of Negro sacred music. Soul is also defined as a vocal style that was born as a result of the fusion of gospel, blues and funk.

soft rock

Literally - "soft rock". It was extremely popular, primarily in the United States, in 1969-1974. It was a well-arranged melodic folk-rock. Soft rock differed from the sentimental pop ballads rather in content (echoes of "leftist" pathos) than in form.

dance

Music that has a clear functional purpose - designed for dancing. Each historical period has its own forms and genres of dance music. Currently, the term "dance music" is commonly understood as a number of dance styles of electronic music - house, techno, etc.

folk

Folklore or folk music - vocal (mainly song, that is, musical and poetic), instrumental, vocal and instrumental and musical and dance creativity of the people. Folk music is an integral part of folk art (folklore), which, as a rule, exists in an oral (non-written) form and is transmitted only by performing traditions.

Hard rock

Literally: hard or hard rock. Kind of rock music. Hard rock compositions evoke a subjective feeling of heaviness, achieved by bringing the rhythm section to the fore.

hardcore

"Club music is the style of Hardcore (Hardcore). Hardcore is not a musical direction, but an approach to making music. Hardcore is fast punk rock, speed metal, with elements of darkside. In general, hardcore is the most brutal, dirty, noisy, heavy and uncompromising sounding music.In the narrow sense of the "genre of pop music", the word "hardcore" was applied to hard techno at the turn of the 80s and 90s. Before that, in the 80s, only the formidable noisy punk rock. Modern hardcore differs sharply from the music of the past millennium with action and confusion of performance, introducing the listener into a state of euphoria ... "(A. Krishalovich "Tough, hard and uncompromisingly

Hip-hop"... Hip-hop as a musical direction originated in America, originally as a musical culture of the black population. This is the music of the streets, neighborhoods. The basis of hip-hop is the reading of rhymed "carts" (texts) to music. Such "carts" are based on stories about life streets with characteristic hot words, which is called ADVISTORY (profanity). Such famous rappers as Eminem, 50 cent, Busta Rhymes, Tupac are considered to be bigwigs of the hip-hop industry. "(L. Litvinova "Hip-hop to the people"

Chanson

Chanson - in a broad sense, a French song in all its historical and genre varieties: rondo, virelet, vaudeville, romances, revolutionary and social songs. In Russia, Russian chanson is singled out - a "consolidated" term, which in the public sense is synonymous with "criminal song".

Electronics

There are no "live" instruments in the instrumentation of the group or performer, the parts of which are replaced by a sound synthesizer. In a narrow sense, the term "electronic music" combines dance or so-called. "near-dancing" musical directions. In fact, electronic music combines the whole vast world of sound with the most modern finds in the field of harmony and composition, improvisation, etc.

Ambient

electronic music style, feature which is the use of noise effects of a different nature, as well as a weak expression or complete absence of rhythm.

Ethno

Music that carries the features of the musical tradition of any ethnic group, which can be expressed both in the performance of traditional folk songs, and in the use of folk instruments, elements of melody, compositional construction, characteristic of the genres of musical folklore of a particular people.

Common language of Creator and creation

The greater the obstacle that stands in my way, the greater I see in it "help from the opposite", according to the nature and properties of the property of my egoism opposite to the light.

After all, if I can rise above it, above all its properties, then I will become like light. Otherwise, I don't know how to become like the light.

I must feel all these obstacles to the last detail - I turn on them and rise above them with the power of light!

But it is they who give me its form, because neither the light itself nor the desire to enjoy has its own form. How else can this similarity be achieved? How to connect two absolute opposites - desire and light?

Therefore, partitions, rungs of stairs, steps are placed in the middle between them, as a means of their connection. And the desire to enjoy, which has absorbed all these obstacles, will eventually become completely like light.

Inside it will remain the same desire to enjoy. But these filters help it become like light. He only needs to rise above them! Do not accept them as obstacles that weaken the light - but include them in yourself in reverse form. This is called going "faith over knowledge".

From the state where Bina is included in Malchut, and Malchut receives power over Bina, we need to rise so that, on the contrary, Bina begins to rule over Malchut and the properties of Bina become decisive.

All these forms between Infinity, Kether, and the last, fourth stage, Malchut, are called names (properties) of the Creator and serve as examples by which Light can create Malchut and influence her.

And Malchut, due to the reverse HaVaYaH, from itself to Keter, can clothe the Light (talk to the Light), become like it. These 8 Sefirot between Keter and Malchut are like a common language possible between light and desire, Creator and creation.

abstract expressionism

abstract expressionism Post-war (late 40s - 50s of XX century) stage of development of abstract art. The term itself was introduced back in the 20s by a German art critic E. von Sydow (E. von Sydow) to refer to certain aspects of Expressionist art. In 1929, the American Barr used it to characterize the early works of Kandinsky, and in 1947 he called the works "abstract-expressionist" Willem de Kooning and Pollock. Since then, the concept of abstract expressionism has been consolidated behind a fairly wide, stylistically and technically variegated field of abstract painting (and later sculpture), which developed rapidly in the 50s. in the USA, in Europe, and then all over the world. The direct ancestors of abstract expressionism are considered to be the early Kandinsky, expressionists, orphists, partly dadaists and surrealists with their principle of mental automatism. The philosophical and aesthetic basis of abstract expressionism was largely the philosophy of existentialism, popular in the post-war period.

Futurists' forecasts for 2030

1. Humanity will unite into a global computer network, where the human brain and machines will enter into a single system. The actions of each person can be recorded on an information carrier and recorded in the process of life. Each inhabitant of the system will be assigned an electronic ip-address, which makes it possible to exist in the system.
2. A unified cybernetic legal system of control will be established, which does not have territorial delimitation.
3. New professions will appear, the predominant role among which will be occupied by highly specialized specialists.
4. The face of modern transport will change, giving way to air travel.
5. Megacities will continue to grow, and only a small part of the population will remain in the suburbs.
6. Human genetic improvement will continue, despite the ban on eugenetics - research to improve the human race.

7. For the increasing population of the Earth, there will be a need for additional nutrition, so there will be bio-farms with genetically modified animals and plants, many times higher than the current productivity
8. Alternative sources of energy and fuel will appear, completely replacing electricity and oil.
9. New types of wireless communication will appear, hundreds of times faster than the speed of light. In place of the current one, a holographic method of transmitting information will come.
10. Communication between people will be helped by telepresence technologies. The method of artificial teleportation will be used.
11. There will be many devices controlled by the human brain.