Where did the Kuprin lived. Works Cookin

Alexander Ivanovich Kurrin was born August 26 (September 7) 1870 In the city will be told by Penza province. From the nobles. Father Kurpra - College Registrar; Mother - from the ancient kind of Tatar princes of Kulunchakov.

Early lost his father; Brought up in the Moscow Razumovsky boarding house for orphans. In 1888. A. Kubrin graduated from the Cadet Corps, in 1890 - Alexandrovskaya Military School (both in Moscow); served as a infantry officer. After retirement in the rank of lieutenant in 1894. I changed a number of professions: worked as a surveyor, a forest grip, manager of the estate, souflery in the provincial acting troupe, etc. For many years, collaborated in the newspapers of Kiev, Rostov-on-Don, Odessa, Zhytomyr.

The first publication is the story "Last Debut" ( 1889 ). The story "Inquiry" ( 1894 ) Opened a series of military stories and pending knuris ("Kush Lilan", 1894 ; "Overnight", 1895 ; "Evaloor Army", "Breget", both 1897 ; etc.) who reflected the impressions of the writer from military service. The journey of Kurin in southern Ukraine was the material for the lead "Moloch" ( 1896 ), in the center of which the topic of industrial civilization, an oversight person; Comparison of a melting furnace with a pagan deity requiring human sacrifices, is designed to prevent the danger of worshiping technical progress. Literary fame brought A. Kookin the story "Olesya" ( 1898 ) - On the dramatic love grew up in the forest wilderness of the girl dicarka and who came from the city of the novice writer. The hero of the early works of Kupper is a person with a thin mental organization, which does not stand the collisions with the social reality of the 1890s and the test of great feeling. Among other writings of this period: "Polessian stories" "in the forest wilderness" ( 1898 ), "On dermaria" ( 1899 ), "Werewolf" ( 1901 ). In 1897. The first book of Kupper - "Miniatures" came out. In the same year, Kuprin met I. Bunin, in 1900. - with A. Chekhov; since 1901. He participated in the TVESov "environments" - a Moscow literary circle, which united the writers of realistic direction. In 1901. A. Kookin moved to St. Petersburg; He collaborated in influential magazines "Russian wealth" and "Mir of God". In 1902 became acquainted with M. Gorky; Printed in the series of collections of the book publishing party "Knowledge" initiated by him, here in 1903. The first volume of Kuprin stories was published. Wide popularity of Kuprina brought a story "Fight" ( 1905 ), where the unsightly picture of the army life with the Mustroprian army and semi-conscious cruelty is accompanied by reflections on the absurdity of the existing world order. The publication of the story coincided with the defeat of the Russian fleet in the Russian-Japanese war 1904-1905., That contributed to its public resonance. The story was transferred to foreign languages \u200b\u200band opened the name of the writer for the European reader.

In the 1900s - the first half of the 1910s. The most significant works were published by Kompani: the story "on the fracture (cadets)" ( 1900 ), "Pit" ( 1909-1915 ); stories "swamp", "in the circus" (both 1902 ), "Coward", "Konokrad" (both 1903 ), "Peaceful Life", "White Poodle" (both 1904 ), "Staff-Captain Rybnikov", "River Life" (both 1906 ), "Gambrinus", "Emerald" ( 1907 ), "Anathema" ( 1913 ); The cycle of essays about Balaklava fishermen - "Litriped" ( 1907-1911 ). The admiration for the power and heroism, the acute feeling of beauty and the joy of being prompted by Kupper to find a new image - whole and creative nature. The topic of love is dedicated to the story "Sullaph" ( 1908 ; based on the biblical song songs) and the "pomegranate bracelet" ( 1911 ) - a touching story about the unrequited and dedicated love of a small telegraphist to the spouse of a high-ranking official. Kubrin tried himself in science fiction: the hero of the story "Liquid Sun" ( 1913 ) - a brilliant scientist who has access to the source of heavy duty energy, but hiding its invention from concerns that it will be used to create deadly weapons.

In 1911 Kubrin moved to Gatchina. In 1912 and 1914. Traveling to France and Italy. With the beginning of the First World War, returned to the army, but next year he was demobilized for health. After the February Revolution 1917. Edited by the Esera newspaper "Free Russia", several months collaborated with the publishing house "World Literature". After the October Revolution 1917.that did not take, returned to journalism. In one of the articles, Kubrin spoke against the shooting of the Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, for which he was arrested and short-term conclusion ( 1918 ). Attempts by a writer to cooperate with the new authority did not give the desired results. Shipping in October 1919 To the troops N.N. Yudenich, Kuprin reached Yamburg (from 1922 Kingisepp), from there through Finland to Paris (1920 ). The emigration was created: the autobiographical story "Dome of St. Isaacia Dalmatsky "( 1928 ), Tale "Zhaneta. Princess of four streets "( 1932 ; Separate edition - 1934 ), a number of nostalgic stories about pre-revolutionary Russia ("one-handed comedian", 1923 ; "The shadow of the emperor", 1928 ; "Tsarev Guest from Varovka", 1933 ) and others. For works of the emigrant period, idealistic images of monarchical Russia, Patriarchal Moscow are characterized. Among other works: the story "Star Solomon" ( 1917 ), the story "Golden Rooster" ( 1923 ), Cycles of Essays "Kiev Types" ( 1895-1898 ), "South Blessed", "Paris Home" (both - 1927 ), literary portraits, stories for children, fechens. In 1937. Kubrin returned to the USSR.

In the work of Kurrin, a wide panorama of Russian life, covering almost all sectors of society 1890-1910-Hg; The traditions of the long-selling prose of the second half of the 19th century are combined with elements of symbolism. In a number of works, the writer was embodied to romantic scenes and heroic images. Proza A. Krurin is distinguished by image, accuracy in drawing characteristics, saturation of household details, colorful, including argotizms.

Talented writer. Rod. In 1870, he was brought up in Moscow, in the 2nd Cadet Corps and the Military Aleksandrovsky School. To write began to be another junker; The first work of him ("the last debut") was printed in the Moscow humorous ... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

Kubrin, Alexander Ivanovich - Alexander Ivanovich Kurrin. Kubrin Alexander Ivanovich (1870 1938), Russian writer. From 1919 in emigration, in 1937 he returned to his homeland. In early works, showed a man's incisibility as a fatal public evil (Tale Moloch, 1896). Social ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Talented writer. Born in August 1870 in the Penza province; The mother comes from the genus of the Tatar princes of the column. He studied at the 2nd Cadet Corps and the Alexandrovsky Military School. To write began to be another junker; The first story is: ... ... Biographical Dictionary

Russian writer. Born in a family of a poor official. 10 years spent in closed military schools, 4 g. Served in the infantry shelf in Podolsk province in 1894 ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Kubrin Alexander Ivanovich - (1870-1938), writer. In 1901 settled in St. Petersburg. He headed the fiction department in the "magazine for all". In 1902 07 there lived on the driveway street, 7, where the editors of the magazine "Mir of God" was posted, in which the Kubrin edited for some time ... ... Encyclopedic Directory "St. Petersburg"

- (1870 1938), Rus. writer. Perceived L. poetry as one of the brightest and bright phenomena Rus. Culture 19 in. On the attitude of K. to Prose L. testifies his letter to F. F. Pulman from 31 Aug. 1924: "Do you know that you are precious ... ... ... Lermontov encyclopedia

- (1870 1938) Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story (1896), in which industrialization appears in the form of a monster plant, enslaving a person physically and morally, the tale of a fight (1905) about the death of soulful ... ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1870 1938), writer. In 1901 settled in St. Petersburg. He headed the fiction department in the "magazine for all". In 1902 07, there lived on the driveway street, 7, where the editorial office of the Mir of God, in which K. was edited for some time ... ... St. Petersburg (Encyclopedia)

The request "Kubrin" is redirected here. Cm. Also other values. Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin Date of birth: September 7, 1870 Place of birth: Viktiyiya Vikipedia

- (1870 1938), Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story "Moloch" (1896), in which modern civilization appears in the image of a monster plant, the enslaving person morally and physically, the story "Fight" (1905) about the death ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

Alexander Kuprin. Complete collection of novels and leads in one volume, Kubrin Alexander Ivanovich. 1216 p. In one volume all the novels and the story of the famous Russian writer Alexander Ivanovich Kurin, written by him in Russia and in emigration, are collected. ... ...
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin. Collection, A. I. Kuprin. Alexander Kuprin lived an extraordinarily diverse life, which was reflected in his works. A recognized master of a laconic genre, he left us such masterpieces as "pomegranate bracelet", "in ...

Alexander Kurin as a writer, a man and a meeting of the legends about his stormy life - the special love of the Russian reader, akin to the first youthful feeling for life. Ivan Bunin, jealously belonging to his generation and rarely sinking praises, no doubt, understood the unequalities of everything written by Cupre, nevertheless called him by the writer by the grace of God.

And yet it seems that in its nature, Alexander Kuprin was supposed to become a writer, but rather one of his heroes - Circus Storm, Aviators, the leader of Balaklava Rybakov, Konokrad, or, maybe she would satisfy his frantic temper somewhere in the monastery (By the way, he did such an attempt). The cult of physical strength, a tendency to azart, risk, violent was distinguished by a young shop. Yes, and later, he loved to face life with forces: in forty-three years, he began to study stylish swimming at the world record holder Romanenko, together with the first Russian pilot Sergey Clarikin rose in a balloon, descended in a diving suit on the seabed, with a famous fighter and aviator Ivan Zaicin flew on the Playman's plane. However, I spark God, as you can see, do not pay off.

The Kuprin was born in the town of Varovna Penza province on August 26 (September 7) of 1870. His father, a small official, died of cholera when the boy was not fulfilled two years. In the family remaining without funds, except Alexander, there were two more children. The mother of the future writer Lyubov Alekseevna, nee Princess Kulunchakova, took place from Tatar princes, and Kubrin loved to remember his Tatar blood, even there was time, wore a tubette. In the novel "Junkener" he wrote about his autobiographical hero: "... the mad blood of the Tatar princes, the uncontrolled and indomitous and the pretends from the mother's side, who pushed him into sharp and rampant acts, allocated him among the dozen junkers."

In 1874, Lyubov Alekseevna, a woman, in memories, "with a strong, inexperienced character and high nobility," decisions to move to Moscow. There, they settle in the general width house of the House (described by Cookina in the story "Holy False"). Two years later, because of extreme poverty, she gives her son to the Alexandrovskaya small orphan school. For the six-year-old Sasha, the period of existence on a barren position - seventeen years long.

In 1880, he enters the Cadet Corps. Here, the boy, whoes about the house and will climb himself with the teacher Tsukhanov (in the story "on a fracture" - Trukhanov), the writer who "wonderful artistically" read the pupils of Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev. It begins to try his hand in literature and teenage Kurprin - Of course, as a poet; Who at this age at least once did not crumple a leaflet with the first poem! He is fond of fashionable by Nadon's poetry. At the same time, Kadrin is cadet - already convinced Democrat: "progressive" ideas of time missed even through the walls of the closed military school. He is angry with the rhymed form of the "conservative publisher" M. N. Katkova and the king of Alexander III, the brand "Gnus, the terrible case" of the royal court over Alexander Ulyanov and its accomplices, having seen on the monarch.

An eighteen years, Alexander Kuprin arrives in the third Alexander Junker School in Moscow. According to the memoirs of his classmate L. A. Limontov, it was not "a rigorous, small, clumsy caadic", and a strong young man, most importantly, the honor of the uniform, a dexterous gymnast, a fan to dance, falling in love with each pretty partner.

It also includes his first performance in the press - on December 3, 1889, the story of the "Last Debut" journal appeared in the magazine "Russian Satyrian Listka". This story really did not hardly become the first and last literary debut of the Junker. He later recalled, as, having received a fee for the story of ten rubles (for him, then a huge amount), he bought the mother of gantry shoes on joys, and the remaining ruble rushed to the playpen to droop the horse (Kuprin loved the horses very much. call of ancestors "). A few days later, the magazine with his story came to the eyes of someone from the teachers, and Juncker Kurringe caused the authorities: "Kurpur, your story?" - "Yes sir!" - "In the Carder!" The future officer was not supposed to be engaged in such "frivolous" things. Like any debutant, he, of course, eager compliments and read his story with a retired soldier, an old school uncle in Karzer. He listened carefully and said: "It is written great, your wellness! But nothing can be understood. " The story was really weak.

After the Alexandrovsky School, the Paupron's suborperary was sent to the Dnieper Infantry Regiment, who stood in the bridge of the Podolsk province. Four years of life "In an incredible wilderness, in one of the borderline southwestern towns. Eternal dirt, herds of pigs on the streets, hutniki, mashed out of clay and manure ... "(" To glory "), a number of Muttra soldiers, gloomy officer kitsuzh, and duty novels with local" lionitsa "forced him to think about the future, as he wonders about He is a hero of his famous story "Fight" Podoruk Romashov, who dreamed of military glory, but after the wildness of the provincial army life, he decided to retire.

These years were given the knowledge of the military life, the morals of the town intelligentsia, the customs of the Polessky village, and the readers later presented his works such as "inquiry", "Overnight", "Night Change", "Wedding", "Slavic Soul", "Millionaire" , "Zhidovka", "Brutal", "Telegraph", "Olesya" and others.

At the end of 1893, Kubrin filed a resignation and went to Kiev. By that time, he was the author of the story "Filty" and the story of the "lunar night" (the magazine "Russian wealth"), written in the style of the soul-patious melodrama. He decides to seriously do literature, but this "lady" is not so easy to give in hand. According to him, he suddenly found himself in the position of the institution, which was started at night in the debrals of Olonetsky forests and threw it without clothes, food and compass; "... I had no knowledge nor scientific, nor everyday," he will write in his "autobiography." In it, he cites a list of professions that tried to master, removing the military uniform: he was a reporter of the Kiev newspapers, manageing during the construction of the house, the tobacco bought, served in the technical office, was a psaller, played at the theater of the city of Sumy, studied the dental business, I tried to take a dental case The monks, worked in the forge and a carpentry workshop, unloaded watermelons, taught in a school for the blind, worked on the Yuzovsky Steel Plant (described in the story "Moloch") ...

This period ended with the release of a small collection of essays "Kiev types", which can be considered the first literary "Muster" Kurin. Over the next five years, he makes a pretty serious breakthrough as a writer: in 1896, he publishes a story "Moloch" in the "Russian wealth", where the rebellious working class was shown largely, produces the first collection of "Miniatures" stories (1897), which entered the dog Happiness "," Meeting "," Bregest "," Allez! " And others, then follow the story "Olesya" (1898), the story "Night shift" (1899), the story "on the fracture" ("Cadets"; 1900).

In 1901, Kubrin arrives in St. Petersburg a rather famous writer. He was already familiar with Ivan Bunin, who immediately introduced him to the house of Alexandra Arkadyevna Davydova, the publisher of the popular literary magazine "World of God". It was about the rumors in St. Petersburg, as if writers who raise an advance, she locks in his office, gives ink, feather, paper, three bottles of beer and releases only with the prepared story, immediately issuing a fee. In this house, Kuprin found his first wife - a bright, Spiritar Maria Karlovna Davydov, a receiving daughter of the publisher.

A capable student of his mother, she also had a firm hand in handling a writing brother. At least for seven years, their marriage is the time of the biggest and turbulent glory of Kuprin - she managed to hold it for a writing desk (up to the deprivation of breakfast, after which Alexander Ivanovich Klonil's sleep). With it, works were written, nominated by Kupper in the first row of Russian writers: the stories "Boloto" (1902), "Konokrad" (1903), "White Poodle" (1904), the story "Fight" (1905), stack-captain stories Rybnikov "," River of Life "(1906).

After the release of the "fight", written under the big ideological influence of the "Petrel Revolution" of Gorky, the Kuprin becomes an All-Russian celebrity. Army attacks, collapses of paints - scored soldiers, ignorant, drunk officers - all this "wasted" tastes of a revolutionary intelligentsia, which and the defeat of the Russian fleet in the Russian-Japanese war considered his victory. This story, no doubt, is written by a large master's hand, but today it is perceived in several other historical dimensions.

KUPRUP is the strongest test - glory. "It was time, - recalled Bunin, - when the publishers of newspapers, magazines and collections on Likhachi chased him on ... Restaurants in which he spent his days and nights with his random and constant drinking companions, and humiliately begged him to take a thousand, two Thousands of rubles in advance for one promise not to forget them at the occasion of their grace, and he, the cargo, Balstitis, only pured, was silent and suddenly, I threw it with such an ominous whisper: "Get off the same minute to hell!" - What timid people are like Thought through the ground. " Dirty Kabaki and Dear Restaurants, Beggar Breaks and Snacks of St. Petersburg Bohemia, Gypsy Singers and Runs, Finally, an important general thrown into the swimming pool with sterling ... - The whole set of "Russian recipes" for the treatment of melancholy, in which for some reason always Noisy glory is poured, he was tried (as they do not remember the phrase of Shakespeare's hero: "What is the melancholy of the great spirit of man express? In what he wants to drink").

By this time, marriage with Maria Karlovnoy, apparently, has exhausted himself, and the Kuprin, who does not know how to live on inertia, falls in love with the young man in love with the educator of his daughter Lydia - a small, fragile Lisa Gainerich. She was an orphan and already experienced her bitter history: visited the Russian-Japanese war sister of mercy and returned from there not only with medals, but also with a broken heart. When the Kuprin, not postponing, explained to her in love, she immediately left their home, not wanting to be the cause of family disorders. Following her, he left home and Kubrin, removing the number in the St. Petersburg hotel "Pale-Royal".

Several weeks he dares around the city in search of poor Lisa and, by itself, becoming a sympathetic company ... When a big friend and admirer of the talent, Professor of St. Petersburg University Fedor Dmitrievich Batyushkov realized that these madness would not end, he found Lisa in a small hospital, Where she got a sister of mercy. What did he speak with her? Maybe that she should save the pride of Russian literature ... Unknown. Only the heart of Elizabeth Morithovna trembled and she agreed to immediately go to Kuprina; True, with one solid condition: Alexander Ivanovich must be treated. In the spring of 1907, they are two of them to leave the Finnish Sanatorium "Helsingfors". This big passion for a small woman caused the creation of a wonderful story "Sullamife" (1907) - Russian "songs". In 1908, they are born the daughter of Ksenia, which will later write memories "Kurpource - My Father."

From 1907 to 1914, Kubrin creates such significant works as the stories "Gambrinus" (1907), "Pomegranate bracelet" (1910), the cycle of the stories "Litripeda" (1907-1911), in 1912 he starts work on the novel "Yama". When he came out, the criticism saw in him the vessels of another social evil of Russia - prostitution, Kubrin considered paid "priestess of love" by the victims of the public temperament of the century.

By this time, he had already broke up in political views with Gorky, departed from revolutionary democracy. The war of 1914 Kubrin called fair, liberation, for which he was accused of "state patriotism". In the St. Petersburg newspaper "Nov," his big photo appeared with the signature: "A. I. Kuprin, designed to the current army. " However, he did not get to the front - he was sent to Finland to teach recruits. In 1915 he was recognized as unfit to the building service on health, and he returned home to Gatchina, where his family lived at that time.

After the seventeenth year, Kuprin, despite several attempts, did not find a general language with a new government (although Gorky even met Lenin, but he did not see the "clear ideological position" in it) and left Gatchina with the receding army of Yudenich. In 1920, the Cuppes were in Paris.

In France, about 150 thousand emigrants from Russia were arrested after the revolution. Paris became the Russian literary capital - Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Zinaida Hippius, Ivan Bunin and Alexey Tolstoy, Ivan Shmelev and Alexey Remizov, Ivan Shmelev and Alexey Remizov, Hope TEFFI and Sasha Black, and many other well-known writers. All sorts of Russian societies were formed, newspapers and magazines were produced ... even such a joke: there are two Russians on the Paris boulevard. "Well, how do you live here?" "Nothing, you can live, one trouble: too much French."

The first time, the illusion of the homeland worked with me was still preserved, Kubrin tried to write, but he gradually faded him, as well as he had a good health, and he still complained that he could not work here, because she was used to "write off" his heroes from life . "The wonderful people," the Kuprin spoke about the French, "but he does not speak Russian, and in a bench and in beer - everywhere I don't have everything ... And therefore, this is what - you wait, you will live, and you will stop writing."

The most significant work of the emigrant period is the autobiographical novel "Juncker" (1928-1933).

He became more and more quiet, sentimental - unusual for acquaintances. Sometimes, however, still gave herself to know the hot shopping blood. Somehow the writer returned with friends from a country restaurant for a taxi, they spoke about literature. The poet Ladinsky called the "duel" of his best thing. Kuprin insisted that the best of all of them written is "pomegranate bracelet": there are high, precious feelings of people. Ladinsky called this story implausible. Kubrin cleared: "" Pomegranate bracelet "- Free!" And called Ladinsky on a duel. With great difficulty, he managed to dissuade him, distributed all night around the city, as Lydia Arsenyev recalled ("Far Beach". M.: "Republic", 1994).

Apparently, with a "pomegranate bracelet", Kuprin really was associated with something very personal. At the end of life, he himself began to be like his hero - aged yolkowkova. "Seven years of hopeless and polite love" of yolks wrote unrequited letters of princess faith Nikolaevna. The aged Kurrina was often seen in the Paris bistro, where he sat alone behind a bottle of wine and wrote love letters to an unfamiliar woman. In the magazine "Ogonek" (1958, No. 6) published a poem of a writer, perhaps those who were worked at that time. There are such lines:

And no one will know in the world,
That years, every hour and moment,
From love languishes and suffer
Polite, attentive old man.

Before leaving to Russia in 1937, he had already recognized anymore, and he was almost never recognized. Bunin writes in his "memories": "... I somehow met him on the street and internally painted: and the trace did not remain from the previous Kurrus! He walked small, miserable chambers, flew so thin, weak, that, it seemed, the first gust of the wind blows him down ... "

When the wife took the Kuprin to Soviet Russia, the Russian emigration did not condemn him, understanding - he goes there to die (although such things were perceived in the emigrant environment painfully; they said, for example, that Alexey Tolstoy just escaped in the "Council" from debts and creditors) . For the Soviet government, it was a policy. A note appeared in the newspaper "True" on June 1, 1937: "On May 31, a well-known Russian pre-revolutionary writer Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin arrived in Moscow to Moscow. In the Belarusian station A. I. Kurin met representatives of the writer and Soviet press. "

Set the jurisdon in the Moscow Region Recreation House for Writers. In one of the sunny summer days, the Baltic sailors arrived at him. Alexandra Ivanovich carried in a chair to the lawn, where the sailors sang for him a chorus, fit, shook her hand, said that they were reading his "duel", thanked ... Kuprin was silent and suddenly he planted loudly (from the memories of N. D. TV show "Writer's Notes ").

He died on August 25, 1938 in Leningrad. In the last emigrant years, he often said that you need to die in Russia, at home, like a beast that goes to die into my berrher. I would like to think that he left the calmed and reconcilence.

A bright representative of the realism, charismatic personality and just a well-known Russian writer of the beginning of the 20th century - Alexander Kuprin. Its biography is saturated with events, rather heavy and overflowed by the ocean of emotions, thanks to which the world has known his best creations. "Moloch", "Fight", "Pomegranate Bracelet" and many other works that have replenished the Golden Fund of World Arts.

The beginning of the way

7.09.1870 was born in a small town to verch, Penza District. His father is a public servant Ivan Kuprin, whose biography is very short, as he died when Sasha was only 2 years old. After that, he stayed with his mother's church, which was the Tatar of Princely Blood. They suffered hunger, humiliation and deprivation, so his mother accepted a difficult decision to give Sasha to the department for young orphans of the Alexander Military School in 1876. The pupil of the military school, Alexander, graduated from her in the second half of the 80s.

In the early 90s after the end of the military school, he became a servant of the infantry Dnieper regiment No. 46. Successful military career remained in dreams, as the disturbing, rich in Events and emotions, Kuprin's biography. A brief content of life position states that Alexander failed to enter the highest military school due to the scandal. And all because of his hot short, under the action of alcohol, he dropped from the bridge to the water of the police officer. Having reached the title of Lieutenant, in 1895 he retired.

Temperament writer

Personality with incredibly bright flavor, greedily absorbing impressions, wanderer. He tried a lot of crafts to himself: from black-worker to a dental technology. Very emotional and extraordinary man - Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, whose biography is overflowing with bright events, which became the basis of many of his masterpieces.

His life proceeds quite violently, there were many rumors about him. The explosive temperament, an excellent physical form, it was drawn to try himself, which gave him invaluable life experience and strengthened the Spirit. He constantly sought towards adventure: immersed under the water in special equipment, I was flying on the plane (because of the catastrophe almost died), was the founder of sports society, etc. In the war years, together with his wife, equipped with Lazaret in his own home.

He loved to know a man, his character and communicated with people of a wide variety of professions: specialists with higher technical education, stray musicians, fishermen, card players, poor people, clergymen, entrepreneurs, etc. And in order to better know a person, feel his life for himself, he was ready for the most insane adventure. The researcher, the spirit of adventurism of which simply shook - this is Alexander Kuprin, the biography of the writer only confirms this fact.

He worked with great pleasure to be a journalist in many editors, published articles, reports in periodicals. Often traveled on a business trip, I lived in the Moscow region, then in Ryazan, as well as in Crimea (Balaklava district) and in the city of Gatchina of the Leningrad region.

Revolutionary activities

He was not satisfied with the then social order and reigning injustice, and therefore, as a strong person he wanted to somehow change the situation. However, despite its revolutionary sentiment, the writer negatively belonged to the October coup under the leadership of representatives of the Social Democrats (Bolsheviks). Bright, rich in events and various difficulties is the biography of Kupper. Interesting facts from life positions are about the fact that Alexander Ivanovich collaborated with the Bolsheviks and even wanted to release the peasant publication called "Earth", and therefore he often saw the head of the Bolshevik power V. I. Lenin. But soon he suddenly moved to the side of the "White" (anti-Bolshevik movement). After they were defeated, Kubrin moved to Finland, and then to France, namely in her capital, where he stopped for a while.

In 1937, he took an active part in the press of the anti-Bolshevik movement, in parallel, continuing to write his works. The troubled, filled with the struggle for justice and emotions, that was exactly the biography of Kupper. A summary of life position says that in the period of time from 1929 to 1933 such well-known novels were written: "Time Wheel", "Junker", Zhanet, and many articles and stories have been published. Emigration has adversely affected the writer, he was unclaimed, tolerated deprivation and missed her native land. In the second half of the 1930s, believing propaganda in the Soviet Union, he, together with his wife, returned to Russia. Overshadowed returning the fact that Alexander Ivanovich suffered from a very serious illness.

Popular Life Eyes Cook

The literary activity of the jade is impregnated classical for Russian writers of the manner of compassion to the people, who is forced to dwell in a wretched environment of life. A volitional personality with a strong way to justice - Alexander Kuprin, whose biography states that he expressed his sympathy in creativity. For example, the novel "Yama", written in the early 20th century, which tells about the heavy life of the confusion. As well as images of intellectuals suffering from the deprivities that they are forced to endure.

His favorite characters are precisely such - reflecting, slightly hysterical and very sentimental. For example, a tale "Moloch", where the representative of such an image is Bobrov (engineer) - the character is very sensitive, compassing and worrying for ordinary factory workers who work hard while rich rolling like cheese in butter on other people's money. The representative of such images in the story "Communication" is Romashov and Nasansky, who are endowed with the great strength of physical, in counterweights of the trembling and sensitive soul. Romashova was very annoyed by military activities, namely, vulgar officers and scored soldiers. Probably, no writer did not condemn the military environment as Alexander Kuprin.

The writer did not apply to tearful, populous writers, although his work was often approved by the famous critic population N.K. Mikhailovsky. His democratic attitude towards his characters was expressed not only in the description of their hard life. A man from the people at Alexander Kuina not only had a thrill soul, but also was a volition and could give a worthy rebuff at the right moment. The life of the people in the work of Kurris is a free, spontaneous and natural course, and the characters have not only troubles and sorrow, but also joy, consolation (cycle of stories "Litripeda"). A man with vulnerable soul and realist - Kubrin, a biography of the dates of which states that this work took place in the period from 1907 to 1911.

Its realism was expressed in that the author described not only the good features of his characters, but did not hesitate to show their dark side (aggression, cruelty, rage). A vivid example is the story of "Gambrinus", where Kuprin described the Jewish pogrom very detailed. This work was written in 1907.

Perception of life through creativity

Kubrin is idealist and romantic, which is displayed in his work: heroic actions, sincerity, love, compassion, kindness. Most of his characters are the emotional people, those who fell out of ordinary life gauge, they are looking for truth, more free and full of being, something beautiful ...

The feeling of love, the completeness of life, this is what the biography of Kupper is impregnated, interesting facts from which they say that no one else can also write about feelings. What brightly reflects in the story "Pomegranate bracelet", written in 1911. It is in this work that Alexander Ivanovich exhibits true, clean, article, perfect love. He very accurately displayed the characters of a variety of society's layers, in detail and in detail described the situation around his characters, their way of life. It was for his sincerity that he often received a reprimand from critics. Naturalism and aesthetics are the main features of Cookick's creativity.

His stories about the animals "Barbos and Zhulka", "Emerald" perfectly deserve a place in the Word World Art Foundation. A brief biography of Kurpric states that he is one of the few writers who could so feel the course of natural, real life, and so well reflect this in their works. The bright embodiment of this quality is the story "Olesya", written in 1898, where he describes the deviation from the ideal of natural being.

Such an organic worldview, healthy optimism is the main distinguishing properties of its creativity, in which the lyrics and romance are harmoniously merged, the proportionality of the plot-composite center, the dramatic of actions and the truth.

Master of literary art

Virtuoso Words - Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, whose biography says that he could very accurately and beautifully describe the landscape in a literary work. Its external, visual and, can be said, the olfactory worldview was just excellent. I.A. Bunin and A.I. Kuprin was often competed on determining the smell of different situations and phenomena in their masterpieces and not only ... In addition, the writer could reflect the true image of his characters very carefully to the little things: appearance, temper, communication style, etc. He found the complexity and depth, even describing animals, and all because he loved to write on this topic.

Passionate fancy, naturalist and realist, it was precisely that Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin. The brief biography of the writer states that all its stories are based on real events, and therefore unique: natural, bright, without obsessive speculative constructions. He heard about the meaning of life, described true love, told about hatred, volitional and heroic actions. Emotions such as disappointment, despair, the struggle with themselves, the strengths and weaknesses of the person became the main in its works. These manifestations of existentialism were typical for his work and reflected a complex inner world of a person at the junction of centuries.

Transient Time Writer

He is really a representative of the transitional stage, which undoubtedly affected his work. The bright type of the "off-road" era is Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin, a brief biography of which suggests that this time left the imprint on his psyche, and, accordingly, on the works of the author. His characters are in many ways resemble Heroes A.P. Chekhov, the only difference is that the images of the junk are not so pessimistic. For example, a technologist of Bobrov from the story "Moloch", Kashintez from "Zhidovik" and Serdyukov from the story "Boloto". The main actors of Chekhov sensitive, conscientious, but at the same time broken, exhausted people who lost themselves and disappointed in life. They are shocked by aggression, they are very compassionate, but they can no longer fight. Realizing its helplessness, they perceive the world only through the prism of cruelty, injustice and meaninglessness.

A brief biography of Kurpric confirms that, despite the softness and sensitivity of the writer, it was a volitional person, loving life, and therefore his heroes are like him. They have a strong thirst for life for which they are very tightly grabbed and not let go. They listen to the heart, and reason. For example, the French addict, who decided to kill himself, listened to the voice of the mind and realized that he had loved her life too much to finish everything and forever. The same thirst for life lived in Serdyukov (a student from the work of Boloto), who very much sympathized with the foreman and his family dying from the infectious disease. He spent at home at home and for a short time almost got crazy from pain, experiences and compassion. And with the onset of the morning, he seeks to get out of this nightmare as soon as possible in order to see the sun. He seemed to be fled from there in the fog and when, finally, ran into a hill, just choke from an unexpected tide of happiness.

Passionate Loves - Alexander Kuprin, whose biography says that the writer loved the happy finals very much. The end of the story sounds symbolic and solemnly. It says that the fog was spread at the foot of the guy, about the pure blue sky, about the whip of the green branches, about the golden sun, the rays of which "ranked the journal celebration of victory." What sounds like a victory of life over death.

Alignment of life in the story "Duel"

This work is a true apotheosis of life. Kuprin, a brief biography and creativity of which are closely connected, described the cult of personality in this story. The main characters (Nasansky and Romashev) are bright representatives of individualism, they stated that the whole world would die when they were not. They holy believed in their convictions, but were too weak in spirit to bring their idea to life. It is this disproportion to the exaltation of his own personalities and the weakness of its owners caught the author.

Master of his business, an excellent psychologist and realist, precisely such qualities the writer Kubrin possessed. The biography of the author states that "duel" he wrote during the time when he was at the peak of glory. It was in this masterpiece that the best qualities of Alexander Ivanovich were connected: an excellent beauty, psychologist and lyrics. Military theme was close to the author, given his past, and therefore no effort was required for its development. A bright overall background of the work does not overshadow the expressiveness of its main characters. Each character is incredibly interesting and is the link of one chain, while not losing his individuality.

Kuprin, whose biography states that the story appeared during the Russian-Japanese conflict, criticized the military environment in the fluff and dust. The work describes military life, psychology, the pre-revolutionary life of Russians is displayed.

In the story, as in life, the atmosphere of death and depletion, sorrow and routine reigns. The feeling of absurdity, rawness and incomprehensibility of being. It is these feelings who defeated Romashev and were familiar to residents of pre-revolutionary Russia. In order to drown out the ideological "off-road", Kubrin described in the "duel" of the dissolved temper of the officers, their unfair and ill attitudes towards each other. And of course, the main defect of the military - alcoholism, which flourished among the Russian people.

Characters

It is not necessary to even make a plan for the biography of Kuprin to understand that he is spiritually close with his heroes. These are very emotional, durable personalities that compassion, indignant because of the injustice and cruelty of being, but cannot fix anything.

After the "fight", a work appears under the name "River of Life". In this story, completely different moods reign, many liberation processes occurred. He is an embodiment of the finale of the Intellectual Drama, which the writer tells about. Kubrin, creativity and biography of which are closely connected, does not change itself, the main character is still kind, sensitive intellectual. He is a representative of individualism, no, he is not indifferent, rushing into the vortex of events, understands that the new life is not for him. And glorifying the joy of being, he still decides to go away from life, as he believes that he does not deserve it, what he writes in a suicide note.

The topic of love and nature is those areas in which the optimistic mood of the writer is pronounced. Such a feeling like love, Kubrin considered a mysterious gift that only selected elected. This relationship is displayed in the novel "Pomegranate bracelet", which is only worth the passionate speech of Nazansky or the dramatic relations of Romashev with Shura. And the narrative of the carrine about nature is simply fascinating, at first they may seem too detailed and suitable, but then this multicolor begins to admire, because the awareness comes that these are not standard speech turnover, but the author's personal observations. It becomes clear how he was captured the process, as he absorbed the impressions, which then displaced in his work, and it simply enters.

Mastery Kuprika

A virtuoso of the pen, a man with excellent intuition and a ferventness, which was Alexander Kuprin. Biography Brief says that it was an incredibly deep, harmonious and internally filled person. He subconsciously felt the secret meaning of things, could associate the reasons and understand the consequences. As a wonderful psychologist, he had the ability to allocate the main thing in the text, because of which his works seemed perfect, from which they would not remove anything and not add. These qualities are displayed in the "Evening Guest", "River of Life", "Communication".

Alexander Ivanovich, Alexander Ivanovich, did not pay anything particularly. However, in the late works of the author, such as the "River of Life", "Staff-Captain Rybnikov" there is a sharp change in the direction of art, it clearly stretches to impressionism. Stories are becoming more dramatic and compressed. Kuprin, whose biography is saturated with events, later returns to realism. This refers to the novel chronicle "Yama", in which he describes the life of public houses, he does it in the usual manner, everything is also natural and without hiding. Because of which periodically receives the conviction of critics. However, this did not stop him. He did not strive to new, but he tried to improve and develop the old.

RESULTS

Biography Cookick (briefly about the main thing):

Alexander Ivanovich was born 7.09.1870 in the town of Varovchat, Penza District in Russia.
He died on 08.28.1938 at the age of 67 in St. Petersburg.
He lived a writer at the junction of the centuries, which was invariably reflected on his work. Survived the October Revolution.
The direction of art is realism and impressionism. The main genres are the novel and the story.
Since 1902, he lived in marriage with Davydova Maria Karlovnoy. And from 1907 - with Heinrich Elizabeth Morithovskaya.
Father - Kubrin Ivan Ivanovich. Mother - Kupper Lyubov Alekseevna.
He had two daughters - Ksenia and Lidia.

Best sense of smell in Russia

Alexander Ivanovich was visiting Fedor Shalyapin, who called him the most sensitive nose of Russia upon a visit. At the evening there was a perfumer from France, who decided to check it out, offering Cookpina to call the main components of his new development. To the greatest surprise of all those present he coped with the task.

In addition, Kuprin had a strange habit: at a meeting or acquaintance he sniffed people. Many this was offended, and some admired, they argued that thanks to this gift, he would recognize human nature. The only competitor to Kurrov was I. Bunin, they often arranged competitions.

Tatar roots

Kuprin, like a real Tatar, was very hot-tempered, emotional and very proud of his origin. His mother is from the genus of Tatar princes. Alexander Ivanovich often climbed into the Tatar robe: a bathrobe and color tubette. In this form, he loved to attend his friends, relax in restaurants. And in this closure, he sat down as a real khan and pushed his eyes for more similarities.

Universal man

Alexander Ivanovich changed a large number of professions before found his true calling. He tried himself in boxing, pedagogy, fisheries and in the acting business. He worked in a circus on a fighter, Amermer, a pilot, a stray musician, etc. And his main goal was not money, but invaluable life experience. Alexander Ivanovich stated that I would like to become an animal, a plant or a pregnant woman to experience all the delights of childbirth.

Start of writing activity

He received the first writer experience in a military school. It was a story "the last debut", the work was quite primitive, but he decided to send him to the newspaper. It was reported by the management of the School, and Alexander was punished (two days in Karzer). He gave himself a promise to never write anymore. However, words did not restrain, because I met the writer I. Bunin, who asked him to write a small story. The Kubrin was at the time on Meli, and therefore agreed on the money earned bought itself products and shoes. This is the event and pushed him to serious work.

Here is such a well-known writer Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin, a strong physically man with a gentle and vulnerable soul and with his quirks. Large love and experimental, compassioning and having a large traction to justice. Naturalist and Realist Kuprin left a large number of magnificent works in her legacy, which perfectly deserve the title of masterpieces.

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin - the famous writer, the classic of Russian literature, the most significant works of which are "Junker", "Fight", "Yama", "Pomegranate bracelet" and "White Poodle". Also, the high art is considered short stories Kurin on Russian life, about emigration, about animals.

Alexander was born in the district of the city, which is located in the Penza region. But the childhood and youth of the writer passed in Moscow. The fact is that the father of Kupper, the hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich died a year after his birth. Mother of Love Alekseevna, also originating from a noble family, had to move to a major city, where it was much easier for her son upbringing and education.

Already at 6 years old, Kurin was determined in the Moscow Razumovsky Pension, which acted on the principle of the orphan boarding school. After 4 years, Alexander was transferred to the Second Moscow Cadet Corps, at the end of which the young man enters the Alexander Military School. The Kuprin was produced in the rank of a podernik and served exactly 4 years in the Dnieper infantry shelf.

After the resignation, a 24-year-old young man leaves for Kiev, then in Odessa, Sevastopol and other cities of the Russian Empire. The problem was that Alexander did not have any civil specialty. Only after acquaintance with he managed to find a permanent job: Kubrin goes to St. Petersburg and is arranged in the magazine for all. Later, he will be equipped in Gatchina, where during the First World War at his own expense will contain a military hospital.

Alexander Kuprin with enthusiasm perceived the renunciation of the king. After the arrival of the Bolsheviks, even personally addressed to the proposal to publish a special newspaper for the village "Earth". But soon, seeing that the new government imposes a dictatorship country, completely disappointed in it.

It is Cupper who owns the derogatory name of the Soviet Union - "Council", which will firmly enter the jargon. During the civil war, he joined the White Army volunteer, and after a major defeat, he left abroad - first in Finland, and then to France.

By the beginning of the 30s, the jacket of the mirro in debt and could not provide his family even the most necessary. In addition, the writer did not find anything better, how to look for a way out of a difficult situation in a bottle. As a result, the only decision was the return to the homeland, which in 1937 supported personally.

Books

To write Alexander Kuprin began at the last courses of the Cadet Corps, and the first samples of the pen were in the poetic genre. Unfortunately, the writer never published his poetry. And the first printed story was the "Last Debut". Later in magazines, his story "Fogging" and a number of stories for military topics.

In general, the subject of the army at Kuprik is given a lot of space, especially in early work. It is enough to recall his famous autobiographical novel "Junker" and the story preceding him "on a fracture", also published as "cadets".

Dawn Alexandra Ivanovich as a writer fell at the beginning of the 20th century. The story of the "White Poodle" story became the later classic of children's literature, the memories of the journey to Odessa "Gambrinus" and probably the most popular his work is the story "fight". At the same time they saw the light and creatures such as the "liquid sun", "pomegranate bracelet", stories about animals.

Separately, you need to say about one of the most scandalous works of Russian literature of that period - the story of "pit" about the life and destinies of Russian prostitutes. The book was mercilessly criticized, no matter how paradoxically, for "excessive naturalism and realism." The first edition of the "pit" was seized from the press as a pornographic.

In emigration, Alexander Kubrin wrote a lot, almost all of his works were popular with readers. In France, he created four major work - "Dome of St. Isaacia Dalmatsky", "Wheel of Time", "Junker" and Zhanet, as well as a large number of short stories, including the philosophical parable about the beauty of the "Blue Star".

Personal life

The first wife of Alexander Ivanovich Kurpric was the young Maria Davydov, the daughter of the famous cellist Karl Davydov. The marriage existed for only five years, but during this time the spouses had a daughter Lydia. The fate of this girl was tragic - she died shortly after the birth of the Son at the age of 21.

With the second wife of Elizabeth Morithovskaya Gainerich, the writer was married in 1909, although they lived together for that time for two years. They had two daughters - Ksenia, who later became the actress and model, and Zinaida, who died in three years from the complex form of lung inflammation. The spouse survived Alexander Ivanovich for 4 years. She committed suicide during the blockade of Leningrad, without preparing constant bombing and endless hunger.

Since the only grandson of Cupper Alexei Egorov died due to the wounds received during the Second World War, then the genus of the famous writer was interrupted, and today it does not exist direct descendants.

Death

Alexander Kurrin returned to Russia already with highly undermined health. He had dependence on alcohol, plus an elderly man quickly lost his eyesight. The writer expected that his homeland would be able to return to work activity, but the state of health did not allow it.

A year later, while watching a military parade on Red Square, Alexander Ivanovich picked up the inflammation of the lungs, which also burned the esophagus cancer. On August 25, 1938, the heart of the famous writer stopped forever.

The tomb of Cookin is located on the literal walkways of the Volkovsky cemetery, not far from the burial of another Russian classic.