Presentation on the topic of the Caucasian prisoner of Tolstoy. The Caucasus in the life and work of L.N.

"Tolstoy" Boyhood "" - Development of speech. Impersonation, epithets. Correlation of a term with a concept. Means of artistic expression. Give a description of any character. Lyubochka. The final game on the creativity of Leo Tolstoy "Adolescence". Continue the phrase. He will grind, there will be flour. Thunderstorm. Create a crossword puzzle. Race for the leader.

"Tolstoy's Childhood" - 1. Composition - essay 2. Exhibition of drawings. Submission results. Student of the Faculty of Philology, 342 Yankevichute Diana. Stages and terms of the project. Informational resources. Tolstoy's Childhood. Tolstoy's Childhood. Didactic goals. We will be studying the next chapters. What makes you live?

"Tolstoy" Swans "" - Generalization. Main part. Part of life. Leo Tolstoy "Swans". Literary reading lesson. He opened a school in Yasnaya Polyana. The swan sighed. The ending. Homework check. Long and interesting life. Fairy tales. A rough plan. Division into parts. What do you know about Leo Tolstoy. Acquaintance with the work of Leo Tolstoy.

"Tolstoy Two Brothers" - Run without looking back, very quickly. Leo Tolstoy creates "ABC" and "Books for reading". My memory is strong. I work. Everyone chooses his own path in life. I want to learn. LN Tolstoy took part in the defense of Sevastopol. To warm up. Written for a laugh means not true. I really want to learn. Leo Tolstoy's tale.

“The Lion and the Dog by Tolstoy” - The Devotee. She set her tail between her legs. How this friendship was expressed. Questions. Do everything yourself if possible. How the lion took the death of the dog. Guess the riddles. Tore off a piece of meat. Cover modeling. Love animals. Love, I thought, is stronger than death. Be careful. "The Lion and the Dog". Don't be annoying.

"Tolstoy Shark" - S. Yesenin F. And Tyutchev A.S. Pushkin. Entrance towers to Yasnaya Polyana. Entry towers. All things, books, paintings are genuine here. A.S. Pushkin. Winter is still busy And growls in the spring. One boy overtook a friend at first, but then began to lag behind. Both are like lizards. The little birds are chilled, Hungry, tired, And huddle tightly.

There are 34 presentations in total

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Lev Nikolaevich
Tolstoy
"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
1872
Literata.Ru

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“Zhilin didn’t jump on the horse, they shot him from behind with guns and hit the horse. The horse struck from all over, fell on Zhilin's leg. "

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“Zhilin showed with his lips and hands to give him a drink. The black man understood, laughed, and called someone: "Dina!" A girl came running - thin, thin, about thirteen and looks like a black face ... She was dressed in a long blue shirt, with wide sleeves and without a belt ... "

Slide 4

“The next morning she looks at the dawn. Dina went out the door with a doll. And she has already removed the doll with red rags and shakes it like a child, lulls herself in her own way ”.
“Since then, the glory has gone about Zhilin that he is a master. They began to come to him from distant villages: who will bring the castle, who will bring a watch. "

Slide 5

“I began to look at the Russian side: under my feet there was a river, my aul, gardens all around… Zhilin began to peer - something loomed in the valley, like smoke from chimneys. And so it seems to him that this is the most - a Russian fortress. "

Slide 6

“I got down under the steep, took a sharp stone, began to turn the lock from the block. And the castle is strong - it won't knock it down, and it's embarrassing. Dina came running, took the stone and said: Give me. She sat on her knees and began to twist. Yes, the little hands are as thin as twigs - there is nothing strength. "

Slide 7

Zhilin
Kostylin
Mother
Dina
Mother
Tatars
care
help
respect
appeals
for help
loves
does not bother
love, care
kindness

Slide 8

Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin.
kind (thinks about mother);
hopes for himself;
active person;
managed to settle down in the aul;
hard-working, cannot sit around;
helps everyone, even his enemies;
generous, forgave Kostylin.
Zhilin
KOSTYLIN
a weak person, does not hope for himself;
capable of betrayal;
limp, discouraged;
does not accept other people.
DINA
kind, strive to help people;
capable of self-sacrifice.
Tatars
hard-working;
able to understand and appreciate a good person

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Slide captions:

L. N. TOLSTOY. "PRISONER OF THE CAUCASUS". THE THEME OF FRIENDSHIP IN THE STORY The objectives of the lesson: follow the text and compare the behavior of the characters at the time of the next failed escape, sitting in a pit; to understand what the friendship of Zhilin and Dina is based on, why the girl arouses sympathy among readers. Famously remembered, but the goodness of the century will not be forgotten. Proverb

Checking homework "Zhilin is preparing to escape" Plan: Acquaintance with the life of the Tatar village. Undermining work. Search for the road. The escape route is only to the North. Sudden return of the Tatars. The escape.

Chapter V The reader understood that Zhilin was the initiator of the escape. It was he who: recognized the area, prepared a hole under the wall, fed the dog, stocked up on cakes. Let's trace and compare how Zhilin and Kostylin behaved in freedom.

Comparative characteristics of the heroes. Zhilin Kostylin Preparing the escape gets acquainted with the terrain, works on digging, feeds the dogs, makes a supply of provisions

Comparative characteristics of the heroes. The behavior of the heroes on the loose: Zhilin Tycho climbed into the hole, got out; "... Zhilin whistled a little, threw a piece of flat cakes, - Ulyashin recognized ... and stopped talking"; took off his boots, went barefoot; He is in a hurry, because he lost his way and took to the right "... hesitate, hesitates ..., but everything goes on himself" Flooded in the forest. Calmly looked, whistled, laughed

Comparative characteristics of the heroes. Behavior of heroes at large: Zhilin Both are tired, but we must go “I got angry ... I cursed him. "So I'll go alone." They hid from the equestrian Tatar Silent, trying to help his comrade-in-arms get to his feet "Put Kostylin on himself, dragged him" "No, I won't go: it's not good to leave a comrade"

Comparative characteristics of the heroes. Behavior of the heroes at large: Kostylin “Kostylin climbed, but caught a stone with his foot, thundered. ... Heard Ulyashin, zabrehal and rushed, and after him and other dogs "He also threw off his boots, but cut all his legs, stopped being in time" Wait a little, let me breathe, my feet are covered in blood "

Comparative characteristics of the heroes. The behavior of the heroes at large: Kostylin "... everything is lagging behind and groaning" "And I fell out of fear" "As you wish, but I won't make it ..." I could not endure the pain. Shouting out both "Go alone, why should you ... disappear because of me"

Why did the escape fail? From the work done, comparing the behavior and actions of the heroes, it becomes clear that Kostylin turned out not to be Zhilin's comrade, but a burden on the road. Under the same conditions Zhilin shows resourcefulness, decisiveness, perseverance, leads an active struggle for his and his comrade's release from captivity, and Kostylin is deprived of all these qualities, he is the antipode of the hero.

“Speaking” surname of heroes What words are used to form the names of heroes? Vein - tendon, solid end of muscles; sinewy, two-core - strong, resilient; A crutch is a stick for the lame, legless. They often talked about a worthy person: "well done," "yes, the bone lived, and all the strength." Or "chills" - it weaves little by little.

Tatar girl Dina What makes Dina help Zhilin? Why does the girl treat the prisoner well, tries to alleviate his situation, unlike other highlanders? At what point and why does she stop seeing him as an enemy? (Is it only because he did and gave her a doll?)

Dina Can you call Dina bold, decisive? What caused Dina to sympathize with Zhilin and you, the readers? Is the proverb "Famously remembered, but goodness will not be forgotten" applicable to the relationship between Zhilin and Dina?

The Savior Here Zhilin sits in the evening and thinks: "what will happen?" Everything looks up. The stars are visible, and the month has not yet risen. Suddenly clay fell on his head; looked up - a long pole was poking into that edge of the pit. He stumbled, began to descend, crawling into the hole. Zhilin was delighted, grabbed it with his hand, pulled it down - a healthy pole. He had seen this pole on the master's roof before. He looked up - the stars shine high in the sky; and above the pit itself, like a cat's, Dina's eyes glow in the dark. She bent down her face on the edge of the pit and whispers: "Ivan, Ivan!" - and she herself waving her hands at her face - that "quieter, they say."

What proverbs apply to the content of the reading? If you don't have a friend, look for it, but you find it - take care Money can't buy a friend. Friendship is friendship, but at least give it up. The pacer is not a friend on the way. Two swords in one sheath cannot get along. Take care of honor from a young age, and a caftan again. Better to be abyss than to endure someone else's attack. To be afraid of the crossroads, and not to go on the road.

"The Prisoner of the Caucasus" is Leo Tolstoy's favorite story. The author wrote about the story as follows: "This is a sample of the techniques and language that I write and will write for the big ones", "the work on the language is terrible, it is necessary that everything be beautiful, short, simple and, most importantly, clear."

Preparation for writing an essay. Topics: 1. Friends and enemies of the protagonist. 2. Zhilin and Kostylin: different fates. Think and choose a topic for your essay. Which of the proverbs can you choose as an epigraph to your work? Why? The essay consists of an introductory part, in which the author informs about what he wants to talk with the reader; the main part, where the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work (idea) is revealed; conclusions, which provide conclusions on the work and personal opinion about what you read. What is "reasoning".

The theme "Caucasus" can be seen in many works of art and literature. Writers, artists, poets came to the Caucasian Mineral Waters for rest and treatment, and this did not go unnoticed. In Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk and other cities of the KMV there are not only monuments to M.Yu. Lermontov, A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, but also the places where they stayed during their stay there. These places are very attractive to tourists and city residents.

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Slide 1
Monument to Leo Tolstoy in Pyatigorsk

Slide 2
Near the entrance to the Flower Garden, on the sunny side of the boulevard, there is a large building with a columned portico. This is the oldest public building in Pyatigorsk and the first capital structure on the KMV.
Emperor Nicholas I, generals I.F.Paskevich and G.A.Emanuel, the Persian prince Khosrov-Mirza, writers Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, L.N. Tolstoy, V. G. Belinsky, composer M. A. Balakirev, many famous travelers and cultural, scientific and artistic figures of the 19th century. Twice a week, on Thursdays and Sundays, from 8 to 12 pm, noble meetings with music and dances were held in the Restaurant. Sometimes visiting musicians and artists performed here. One of the rooms bore the gloomy name of the chambre infernale ("infernal room"), in which there was a gambling card game for money. Expensive residential rooms were rented for no more than 5 days.
State restaurant (Kirova ave., 30)

Slide 3
In January 1943, during the liberation of Pyatigorsk from the occupation, the building was badly damaged by a fire, in which part of the richest library of the institute, the archives of the KMV and the city died. Overhaul was carried out in 1953-1955 according to the project of the architect I.G. Shamvritsky. At the same time, the architectural appearance of the building was somewhat changed. The building was expanded and enlarged, new walls, cornices and parts of columns were made. The internal layout was adapted for the needs of the library and departments of the former institute, which was named the Research Institute of Balneology.

Slide 4
Theater House (st.Bernardazzi Brothers, 4)
Many residents of Pyatigorsk still remember the Rodina wide-screen cinema near the Flower Garden, one of the most visited cinemas in the city of the last century. The nondescript-looking building keeps the memory of the distant past, as it was the very first theater building on the KMV. Theatrical life of Pyatigorsk began with the opening of the State Restaurant, where visiting artists and musicians began to perform at noble meetings. However, for a long time there was no special hall intended for the performances of theater companies.
For the first ten years, a visiting drama troupe of Stavropol actors performed at the theater every season, the repertoire of which consisted of new plays by N. A. Ostrovsky. In the summer of 1853, a concert by the Danish cellist Elsa Kristiani took place here, which was attended by the young Leo Tolstoy.
Later, the cinema "Colosseum" worked here again, which in the pre-war period received the patriotic name "Motherland". It operated until the 1990s, when it was closed for major repairs designed by A.S.Kikhel. The former cinema building is now occupied by the Colosseum nightclub.

Slide 5
... I'll go to the park in the morning
This is what Tolstoy wrote in his diary on September 12, 1853: “Tomorrow morning I will go to the park, think over the chapter of the Runaway. I'll write it before dinner. " This recording worries everyone who writes about Tolstoy's stay in Pyatigorsk. Based on it, they, repeating each other, argue that the park was the place of creation of a considerable part of the work, known to us as the story "Cossacks", that Tolstoy "loved to walk in the shadow of this park and work on plans and plots of his works."
What park do you mean? Well, of course, the one that today is called the Park of Culture and Rest named after S. M. Kirov. There is no other, it seems, in Pyatigorsk! It got to the point that a few years ago, on May 1 (!), The local lore community solemnly opened a memorial plaque placed at the main entrance to this park - it contains those notorious lines from the diary.

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It is interesting

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I would like to ask: do the initiators of the creation of the board know the full text of Lev Nikolaevich's diaries? It seems that hardly. In this case, they would have read the entry made the next day, September 13, when, in their opinion, the magic lines of the future "Cossacks" were born under the shade of park trees: "In the morning there was a terrible melancholy, after dinner I went to see Bukovsky, Klunnikov ( these faces are unknown to the writer's biographers) ... Then the thought of Marker's Notes came, surprisingly well. He wrote, went to see the Meeting and again wrote Marker's Notes. " This is how Lev Nikolaevich turned out in a completely different way! And he was not in the park, and "The Fugitive" was not considered. True, he worked that day with inspiration. Still, the "Marker Notes" were not "Cossacks", which he continued to ponder, but on other days and in other places.

Slide 8
And now about the park. According to the dictionary of the Russian language, a park is called "a large garden, a grove with alleys, flower beds, ponds, etc." In the middle of the century before last, our current park was not such. It was a nursery founded in the early 30s - the name given in the report of the Construction Commission dated June 7, 1845, speaks of its purpose: “A state garden with schools of flowers, vines, fruit and various kinds of broadleaf bushes and trees for planting in public gardens and flower beds ”. There weren't even a trace of alleys, ponds, ornamental flower beds, which is confirmed by the plan of Pyatigorsk drawn up in the 50s. There, the green massif in the Podkumka floodplain looks like a solid mass of plantings, crossed by a single straight path. And, as we can see, it was officially called the "Treasury garden" or "garden school", and in the conversations of residents of Pyatigorsk and visitors "Kazenny garden". The word “garden” in its name was almost preserved until the middle of the twentieth century. Even in the 1920s, when this green area has long been in fact a park - with alleys, flower beds, ponds and fountains - it was called either the 1 May Spa Garden or the Karl Liebknecht Spa Garden. The park was given the status of a garden in the mid-30s. And only in 1952 it officially became known as a park. And if Tolstoy wanted to visit the Treasury Garden, he would not write “I will go,” but “I will go,” because he was outside the town. It is even less likely that Lev Nikolayevich arbitrarily renamed the garden into a park - in designating his places of residence, he was usually quite accurate. In this case, what kind of park can we talk about?

Slide 9
Elizabethan flower garden (beginning of Kirov Ave.)
At the beginning of Kirov Avenue, on the sides of a huge staircase leading to the Academic Gallery, there is an old flower garden overgrown with low trees and shrubs. It is a historical corner of Pyatigorsk.

Slide 10
Emanuelevsky Park (near the Academic Gallery)
Above the Academic Gallery and on the slopes of the Aeolian Mountain to Lermontovskaya Street, there is the oldest Pyatigorsk Park, which bears the name of its founder - General of the Cavalry Georgy Arsenievich Emanuel (1775-1837), a hero of the Patriotic and Caucasian Wars.

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Most of the winding paths, strewn with fine sand, between the two main springs were lined with vines of climbing grapes on frames that weaved over the heads of pedestrians. Flower beds are arranged between the paths with benches. Young oak and ash trees predominated among the planted trees. Initially, the top of the Hot Mountain was the best observation deck in the garden, and then the Aeolian Harp gazebo. The new garden was surrounded by a thorny hedgehog fence and high stone walls. During the creation of the garden, secondary mineral springs were discovered, which were named Averin, Nelyubin, Tobia, George and Achilles. These springs were trimmed with cut stone in the form of beautiful water cascades. The St. George spring was named after General George Emanuel. The Toviev spring got its name in honor of the governor of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Archimandrite Tobia (Tikhon Moiseyev), who was successfully treated by him in the summer of 1828. A wooden gazebo with benches was built next to this key for the archimandrite. Subsequently, the baths arranged in the left wing of the Elizabethan Gallery were named after this popular among the people. The new public garden in 1832 was named Emanuelevsky. This garden and its attractions (Aeolian harp, grottoes, etc.) became the place where the events of Lermontov's story “Princess Mary” took place.

Slide 12
In the fall of 1853, young Leo Tolstoy sometimes came to this shady park, creating chapters of the stories "Adolescence" and "Cossacks". So, in his diary dated September 12, 1853, he wrote: "Tomorrow morning I'll go to the park, think over the chapter ...".

Slide 13
This vast garden is now known to all residents of Pyatigorsk as the city Park of Culture and Rest named after S. M. Kirov.
State Garden (Dunaevsky St., 5)

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Diana's Grotto (Park "Flower Garden")
In the southern part of the Park "Flower Garden" there is a shady cool grotto called Diana's Grotto. This is one of the oldest and most famous sights of Pyatigorsk. In the 1810s, a walking path with a staircase began from here, leading to the main Alexander baths on Goryachaya Gora.
In the summer of 1829 General G. A. Emanuel undertook a military expedition to the foot of Elbrus. The military and scientific expedition to the foot of Elbrus was successful. But its most unexpected result was the first officially registered human ascent of Elbrus. Probably, Emanuel planned to return to the camp at the foot of Elbrus in the near future. However, the difficulties associated with the delivery of the slabs to remote places prompted the idea to install them on Hot Waters, building here an artificial triumphal grotto in the shape of Mount Elbrus. However, General Emanuel suddenly abandoned the "two-headed summit" and soon ordered to call the new structure the Diana's grotto. According to ancient myths, the goddess Diana preferred to rest in shady grottoes on hot days after swimming.

Slide 15
Ermolovskiye baths (Kirov Ave., 21)
The building of pine beams on a stone foundation had the shape of a cross in plan, the ends of which were decorated with wide pediments. In the center of the iron roof was a belvedere. The building had many high semicircular windows. Spacious galleries adjoined the north and south façades. A convenient highway was built to it along the side of the mountain for the approach of patients in carriages (now it passes over Diana's grotto).

Slide 16
Mikhailovskaya Gallery (2 Gagarin Boulevard)
Among the trees of the old park behind the Academic Gallery, there is a long structure with quaint windows and turrets. In 1824, Dr. F.P. Konradi began to recommend it for drinking and gave it the name Mikhailovsky, in honor of the Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich (1798), a small "sulfur-salt" spring of pinkish tint and with a taste of fresh milk, gurgling upwards from a hole in the travertine, gurgling upwards. -1849), the younger brother of the then Emperor Alexander I.

Slide 17
On the Kabardian settlement number 252
Tolstoy gives this address of his residence in a letter to his beloved aunt, T. Ergolskaya. The address, as we can see, is indicated very accurately, and, at first glance, it is not at all difficult to find the house where the writer rented an apartment.
There were a lot of people willing, especially among visitors with a small income - apartments in the suburb were much cheaper than in the city center. Well, living conditions have improved over time. As we know, Lev Nikolaevich anticipated Vereshchagin's advice, because he did not have a lot of money. He describes his dwelling in the following way in the story “What happened to Bulka in Pyatigorsk”: “The city itself stands on a mountain, and under the mountain there is a settlement. I lived in this settlement, in a small house. The house stood in the yard and there was a garden in front of the windows, and the owner's bees stood in the garden - not in logs, as in Russia, but in round lashes. " But where was this house after all? Unfortunately, the current order of designation of houses that have their own numbers on each street does not coincide with the time when all houses in the city had a single numbering. Therefore, it seems absolutely impossible to find number 252 today. Most local historians only point out that Tolstoy lived at the very foot of Mount Goryachaya and that snowy mountains on the horizon were supposedly visible from his yard. The famous L. Polsky, who was more thoroughly searching for this house, adds that it was presumably located "near the bridge over Podkumok, on Teplosernaya Street.

Slide 18
Elizabethan Gallery (Beginning of Kirov Ave.)
At the very beginning of Kirov Avenue, in a gully between Mikhailovsky spur and Goryachaya Gora, there is an extended white-stone arched building of the Academic Gallery, which fits well into the surrounding rocky landscape both from a long distance and looks like a long bridge or aqueduct from above. The very first drinking spring of the resort was once located here.
By the time Tolstoy arrived in Pyatigorsk, a magnificent building of the Elizabethan Gallery appeared on the site of the Elizavetinsky spring instead of a canopy for walking.

Slide 19
House of Doctor Drozdov (9 Kirov Ave.)
At the beginning of Kirov Avenue, two houses below the Pushkin Baths, there is one of the oldest residential buildings in Pyatigorsk, on the wall of which there is a memorial plaque about the visit of this house by the young Count Leo Tolstoy.

Slide 20
In the summer of 1853, the patient of the doctor Drozdov was a young cadet, Count L.N. Tolstoy, the future world famous writer. He visited the Drozdovs' house and played four-handed pieces on the piano with their daughter. Leaving Pyatigorsk, Tolstoy presented the doctor Drozdov with a telescope. Later, Klavdia Drozdova, married Lyubomirskaya, became a famous pianist. After the death of the Drozdov couple, the house passed to the former tenant of the state-owned Restaurant Karuta from Odessa. He built a new building in the courtyard of the house with furnished rooms, which in the 1880s were very popular with visitors to the Waters. At the end of the 19th century, the house was owned by Princess E. I. Sultan-Girey. After the revolution, a number of communal apartments were arranged in the buildings of the former Drozdovs' estate. Today the old house is privately owned. In 1988, a memorial plaque was installed on the wall of the house in memory of Leo Tolstoy's visit. It was planned to set up a local Tolstoy museum here.

Slide 21
On November 10 (23), 1910, the writer was buried in Yasnaya Polyana, in the forest, on the edge of a ravine, where, as a child, he and his brother were looking for a "green stick" that kept a "secret" of how to make all people happy.
Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828 - 1910) Russian writer, prose writer, count.

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