WHAT IS CULTURE?
Culture is the totality of human achievements in production,
social and spiritual relationship.
Culture is a product of the spirit's creative work on natural conditions.
Material
the totality of all material
values,
established
certain
culture,
her
materialized component
Spiritual
established
in
society
norms and mores prevailing
ideas of beauty,
religious views and scientific
ideas
First - the spiritual world of everyone
a person and his activities on
creating spiritual products
Second, the products of the spiritual
activities. To spiritual culture
include religion, science,
education, art,
language, writing, etc.
It's made up of rules
standards, models and norms
behavior,
laws,
values,
rituals,
symbols, myths, knowledge,
ideas, customs, language Edward Hopper. "Cafe machine"
Ivan Aivazovsky. "The Ninth Wave"
World outlook and philosophical,
meaningful
values
express
basics
human
being, the relationship between man and the world.
Key concepts: life and death,
time, fate, memory, nature,
space, relationships with others
people
humanism,
individuality Moral values \u200b\u200bgovern relationships
between people from a position of confrontation
due and prescribed. They are associated with
the statement of sufficiently rigid unwritten
laws - principles, prescriptions, commandments,
taboos, prohibitions and norms. Honesty, work, friendship,
love, tact, politeness and so on.
Frida Kahlo. Just a few small scratches Aesthetic value embodies ideal
ideas about what should be, about perfection, about
integrity
and
expediency. Beautiful, sublime
tragic
and
comic
the main
aesthetic values.
Leonardo da Vinci. Vitruvian Man FORMS OF CULTURE
by destination
Elite
difficult to perceive,
addressed to
professionals and
privileged
members of society
People's
is created
unknown
creators,
addressed to the people
Mass
addressed to the masses
in society
consumption
Universal
understandable to everyone
members of society FORMS OF CULTURE
by coverage
Dominant
Majority culture
population
(dominant
spiritual values)
Subculture
Social group culture
(small cultural worlds).
Differs in system
values, language, manner
behavior, clothing, etc.
Counterculture
Current denying
values \u200b\u200bof the dominant
culture PROBLEMS OF SPIRITUAL CULTURE
What should art reflect: the truth of life or lofty ideals?
What should awaken art: feelings or thoughts?
Are there any objective indicators of a masterpiece, great art,
great literature?
Should we separate the personality of the author from the work he created? MORALS AND MORALITY SPIRITUAL CULTURE
Morality is the rules governing behavior; spiritual and
spiritual qualities necessary for a person in society, as well as
compliance with these rules, behavior.
Morality is the rule of morality as well as morality itself.
Moral principles are internal moral frameworks
an individual or a team, a community or the whole
society as a whole.
Humanism - humanity in social activities, in
attitude towards people. APPEARANCE OF MORALITY
Morality
reaction
on
mutual
isolation of people in the community.
Forming parallel to formation
states,
at the same time
from
the rise of a political society
as
compensation
such
connections
and
dependencies that are installed with
using force.
Morality arises as a mechanism of culture,
which the
promotes
overcoming
isolation and alienation between people,
creating normative and spiritual conditions
for their unity. UNIVERSAL MORAL PRINCIPLES
The talion principle. An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth
The Golden Rule of Morality: Treat others as you would like them to
others have acted towards you
The principle of the golden mean: avoid extremes, observe the measure
The Happiness Principle: Ensure Happiness for as Many People as Possible
The principle of justice
First principle: everyone should have equal rights with regard to fundamental freedoms.
Second principle: social and economic inequalities must be designed so that:
(a) they could reasonably be expected to benefit all, and (b) access to provisions, and
posts would be open to everyone.
Spiritual life of society Spiritual-theoretical activity represents the production of spiritual goods and values \u200b\u200bSpiritual-practical activity the result is a change in people's consciousness Thoughts, ideas, theories, ideals, artistic images that can take the form of scientific and artistic works Preservation, reproduction, distribution, dissemination, consumption created spiritual values
Culture "Cultivation, tillage" All types of transformative activities of man and society, as well as its results The totality of all types of transformative human activities, as well as the result of this activity, including the transformation of oneself.
CULTURE In a broad sense, a historically conditioned dynamic complex of principles, methods and results of active creative activity of people constantly renewing in all spheres of society (everything that is created by man in the material and spiritual world) In a narrow sense, the process of active creative activity, in the course of which the creation, distribution and spiritual values \u200b\u200bare consumed
MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL CULTURE. CULTURE is one, however, two spheres are conventionally distinguished in it MATERIAL CULTURE - objects that have a material, tangible expression created and used by man (houses, roads, appliances, furniture) NO CULTURE MATERIAL CULTURE IS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRACTICAL ACTIVITY OF SOCIETY AND HUMAN SPIRITUAL CULTURE - created by the mind and feelings of people (ideas, thoughts, faith, feelings, language, rules, values \u200b\u200b..)
SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY. THE PROCESS OF SPIRITUAL CULTURE DEVELOPMENT IS CONNECTED WITH CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION Ways of increasing spiritual wealth THE WAY OF CONTINUITY (TRADITION) IS CONNECTED WITH THE PRESERVATION AND TRANSFER OF VALUES FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER. Traditions are a stable element of culture; they accumulate and preserve cultural values \u200b\u200bcreated by mankind. THE WAY OF INNOVATION - CULTURE DEVELOPS BY ADDING NEW VALUES, WHICH ARE NOT ALWAYS APPRECIATED BY CONTEMPORARIES. Innovation communicates dynamics and pushes cultural processes towards development.
THE PROBLEM OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY. CULTURE AS A SOCIOCULTURAL HISTORICAL COMMUNITY OF PEOPLE. 1. POINT OF VIEW: LOCAL CULTURES DEVELOP BY ITS OWN LAWS, THEREFORE, IT IS NOT ALLOWED TO TALK ABOUT THE PLANETARY UNITY OF HUMANITY. 2. POINT OF VIEW: THE UNIQUENESS OF CROPS DOES NOT EXCLUDE THEIR INTERACTION. TRANSLATION OF VALUES THROUGH: COLONIZATION, GRAPHING OF A CUTTING ON ANOTHER TREE. EQUAL DIALOGUE OF THE PROBLEM OF INTERACTIONS OF CROPS
DIALOGUE OF CULTURES CRISIS OF CULTURE IN THE 20TH CENTURY AND WAYS OF EXIT. DS LIKHACHEV wrote: "Real cultural values \u200b\u200bdevelop only in contact with other cultures, grow on rich cultural soil and take into account the experience of neighbors." V.S. BIBLER - IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT THAT THE INTERACTION OF CULTURES TURNS INTO A DIALOGUE. BAKHTIN-BELIEVED THAT CULTURE CAN EXIST ONLY ON THE BORDER: ON THE BORDER OF PAST AND PRESENT, IN COLLISION OF DIFFERENT CULTURES. THEREFORE, A DIALOGUE IS NECESSARY. RESEARCHERS CONSIDER CULTURE AS A HUGE POLYPHONIC SPACE.
Dialogue of cultures is the interaction of two or more cultures of different peoples, societies 1. Dialogue of cultures is conducted with the aim of exchanging various kinds of information. 2. The dialogue of cultures allows peoples to get to know each other better, to understand, to move to a more perfect level of communication. 3. Dialogue of cultures is a new form of social organization characteristic of post-industrial society, for the process of globalization. 4. The dialogue of cultures mutually enriches the results of intellectual and material creativity.
Diversity of cultures National culture is a set of achievements and stable values \u200b\u200bin the field of social, economic, political and spiritual life of a particular nation, which constitutes its originality. World culture is a synthesis of the best achievements of national cultures of various peoples of the Earth for the entire historical period of their existence. It is clear that the world and national cultures are closely interconnected: the world culture is made up of national ones, and those, in turn, in their development are guided by world standards. Scientists classify Western and Eastern cultures as regional types of cultures. These two cultural worlds were formed over millennia and are based on mismatched principles. The internationalization of culture entails the creation of a single cultural space for different nations and peoples.
Popular culture Average language norm, pragmatics. Basic symbols: Cinematography, television, advertising, telephone. Kitsch - from him Kitsch -1) trash, bad taste; 2) a work of mass culture, outwardly similar to expensive things, devoid of creativity.
Positive influence of MC on spiritual life Negative influence of MC on spiritual life Affirms simple and understandable ideas about the world of people, about the relationship between them, about the way of life, which allows many people to better navigate in the modern, rapidly changing world Her works do not act as a means of author's self-expression, but are directly addressed to the reader, listener, viewer, take into account his requests Differs in democracy (its "products" are used by representatives of different social groups), which corresponds to our time Meets the requests, needs of many people, including the need for intensive rest, psychological relaxation Has their peaks are literary, musical, cinematographic works, which in fact can be attributed to "high" art Lowers the general level of the spiritual culture of society, since it indulges the undemanding tastes of the "mass man" Leads to standardization and unification of not only the way of life, but also the way of thinking millions of people Designed for passive consumption, since it does not stimulate any creative impulses in the spiritual sphere Plants myths in the minds of people ("Cinderella's myth", "the myth of a simple guy", etc.) Forms artificial needs in people through massive advertising Using modern media , replaces real life for many people, imposing certain ideas and preferences
Elite culture In modern culture, films by Fellini, Tarkovsky, books by Kafka, Belle, paintings by Picasso, music by Duval, Schnittke are classified as elite. However, sometimes elite works become popular (for example, films by Coppolo and Bertolucci, works by Salvador Dali and Shemyakin). Kandinsky "The Apotheosis of Abstraction"
Elite Popular Mass Created by the “privileged part of society” or by its order by professional creators. As a rule, it is ahead of the level of perception of it by an average educated person. The motto of elite culture is "Art for the sake of art." The creators of an elite culture, as a rule, do not count on a wide audience. To understand these works, one must master the special language of art. Created by anonymous creators who have no professional training (myths, legends, epics, fairy tales, songs, dances, carnivals) A concept used to characterize modern cultural production and consumption (concert and pop music, pop culture, kitsch without distinction of classes, nations, level material condition, standardization of culture)
Varieties of culture Subculture Counterculture Part of the general culture, the system of values \u200b\u200binherent in a certain group (gender and age: women, children, youth, etc.; professional: scientific community, modern business, etc.; leisure (according to preferred activities in free time); religious; ethnic ; criminal) A subculture that is not only different from the dominant culture, but opposes it, is in conflict with the dominant values \u200b\u200bOpposition and alternative in relation to culture in society (beatniks, hippies and punks; left-wing radicals; underground, skinheads, etc.)
Youth subculture Often viewed as deviant (deviating), expressing a certain degree of opposition to the dominant culture. It develops most often on the basis of peculiar styles in clothing and music and is associated with the development of a consumer society, creating more and more new markets for products aimed primarily at young people. This is a culture of conspicuous consumption. Its emergence is also associated with an increase in the role and significance of free time, leisure, around which all relationships are formed. It also focuses more on peer group friendships rather than family. In addition, the rise in living standards allows large-scale experiments with the way of life, the search for other, different from the culture of adults, cultural foundations of their existence.
Typology of cultures Material spiritual from the way of existence Elite Popular mass from the one who creates the culture and its content Dominant subculture counterculture from the attitude to it economic Political religious social from the sphere of functioning
Slide 1
Spiritual life of society grade 10
Teacher of history and social studies MBOU "Lyceum of Yurga" Sazanskaya Yu.A.
Slide 2
Spiritual life of society
the area of \u200b\u200bbeing, in which objective reality is given to people not in the form of opposing objective activity, but as a reality that is present in the person himself, which is an integral part of his personality.
Slide 3
Definition of the concept
1. The word "Culture" (from Lat. Cultura - cultivation, upbringing, education) in the broadest sense means everything created by man - this is a "second nature" created by man 2. "Culture" - all types of transformative human activity, as well as its results - a set of material and spiritual values \u200b\u200bcreated by man
Slide 4
Slide 5
In connection with the existence of two types of activity - material and spiritual - two main spheres of the existence and development of culture can be distinguished.
Material culture Spiritual culture
Slide 6
Features:
Material culture Is associated with the production and development of objects of the material world, with a change in the physical nature of a person: material and technical means of labor, communication, cultural and household facilities, production experience, skills of people, etc. Spiritual culture A set of spiritual values \u200b\u200band creative activity in their production, development and application: science, art, religion, morality, politics, law, etc.
Slide 7
Functions of culture
Cognitive. Formation of a holistic view of the people, country, era. Estimated. Implementation of value differentiation, enrichment of traditions. Regulatory (normative). Formation of a system of norms and requirements of society for all individuals in all areas of life and activity (norms of morality, law, behavior).
Slide 8
Informative. Transfer and exchange of knowledge, values \u200b\u200band experience of previous generations. Communicative. Preservation, transfer and replication of cultural property; development and improvement of the personality through communication. Socialization. Assimilation by an individual of a system of knowledge, norms, values, accustoming to social roles, normative behavior.
Slide 9
The structure of the spiritual life of society
Spiritual needs. Spiritual activity (spiritual production). Spiritual goods (values).
Slide 10
Forms of culture
Elite - created by a privileged part of society, or by its order by professional creators. Folk - created by anonymous creators who have no professional training (myths, legends, epics, fairy tales, songs, dances). Mass is a concept used to characterize modern cultural production and consumption (concert and pop music, pop culture, without distinction of classes, nations, level of material status, standardization of culture).
Slide 11
Varieties of culture
Subculture is a part of general culture, a system of values \u200b\u200binherent in a certain group (gender and age: women, children, youth, etc.; professional: scientific community, modern business, etc.; leisure (according to preferred activities in free time); religious; ethnic; criminal ).
Slide 12
Slide 13
Subcultures based on fans of various genres of music:
Goths - fans of gothic rock and gothic metal Janglistas - fans of jungle and drum & bass Transera - fans of the style of electronic music "trance". Metalists - fans of metal and its varieties Punks - fans of punk-rock Rastamans - fans of reggae (see also Rastafarianism) Ravers - fans of rave, dance music and discos Rappers - fans of rap and hip-hop Emo - fans of emo and post-hardcore
Slide 14
Image subcultures distinguished by style of clothing and behavior
Cyber \u200b\u200bGoths Mods Nudists Hipsters Teddy Boys Military Freaks
Slide 16
The influence of mass culture on the spiritual life of society
Positive Affirms simple and understandable ideas about the human world, which allows many people to better navigate in a modern, rapidly changing world. Her works do not act as a means of author's self-expression, but are directly addressed to the viewer, taking into account his needs. Differs in democracy (representatives of different social groups use her "products"), which corresponds to our time. Has its heights - literary, musical, cinematographic works, which are already essentially can be classified as "high" art
Slide 18
Slide 19
Exercise 1
1. All forms and directions of culture are closely related to each other. Products of an elite culture may well become part of a mass culture. Mass and folk cultures are also interconnected. Illustrate with any three examples the relationship and interaction between different forms of culture. (First write the relationship illustrated, then the specific example.)
Slide 20
Assignment 2
2. What form of culture can ballet be attributed to? Name any three hallmarks of ballet by which you identified this.
Slide 21
Assignment 3
3. One of the lessons in grade 10 took place at an exhibition in the historical museum. The schoolchildren were shown laces, fabrics, clothes made by peasant women for holidays, weekdays, special events, as well as clay figurines of animals in the form of whistles made at home. Guess what form of culture the exhibited works belong to, and indicate how this can be determined. Name any two signs of this form of culture that are not reflected in the condition.
Slide 22
Science as a component of culture
Science is a sphere of creative activity aimed at obtaining, substantiating, systematizing and evaluating new knowledge about nature, society, and man. Science is a certain social institution, consisting of a system of research institutions, associations, centers, scientific activities of scientists
Slide 23
Features:
The principle of objectivity, i.e. study of the world as it is, regardless of man. The result obtained should not depend on opinions, preferences, authorities. Rationalistic soundness. Systematic knowledge (scientific knowledge is expressed in the form of a theory or a detailed theoretical concept). Verifiability using various methods of scientific knowledge.
Slide 24
Slide 25
Slide 26
Functions of science
Cultural and worldview Direct productive force of society (involvement in production, catalyst for the process of improving production Social function (science data are used to develop plans and programs for social and economic development)
Slide 27
Education as a component of culture
Education is a purposeful process of upbringing, training and human development in the interests of society and the state
Slide 28
Features (principles) of education
humanization - the needs and interests of the child, humanistic values \u200b\u200band ideals 2.humanitarization - an increase in the number of humanitarian subjects 3.internationalization - the formation of a single education system for different countries, the relationship and partnership of different education systems
Slide 29
Slide 30
Religion (lat.religae - to connect)
Religion is a system of teachings, beliefs and cult actions associated with a person's faith in God and supernatural forces. Religion is a social institution
The essence of religion is Faith in God - this is the fulfillment of the expected and confidence in the invisible
Slide 31
Cultural institutions - religious organizations - related activities of people. Purpose: To acquaint with the essence of fundamental values \u200b\u200band the main functions of culture. A cultured person is tolerant and tolerant. Spiritual-theoretical (production of spiritual goods and values). Initially (lat.) - “cultivation, tillage. Why is culture needed? World and national Material and spiritual. - Science - morality - religion - philosophy - art - scientific institutions.
"Scientific and Technological Revolution" - Reconstruction of the energy sector. A revolutionary way. Technopolises. Extraordinary acceleration of scientific and technological transformation. Characteristic features of scientific and technological revolution. Intellectualization. R&D funding by region of the world. Cosmization. Features of scientific and technological revolution. Examples of evolutionary and revolutionary changes. Evolutionary path. What functions are performed by equipment and technology. Technoparks and technopolises. Improvement of already known techniques.
"Spirituality" - The most important elements of human spirituality are values, morality, worldview. The most important are the norms of morality. The moral attitudes of the personality were investigated by the greatest philosophers. Who sets moral standards? There is also conscience, patriotism, citizenship. There is a main human requirement called the “golden rule” of morality. What role does the worldview play in the activities of people?
"Worldview" - Hungarian crossword puzzle. The notion of a categorical imperative. Ordinary worldview. We all walk under one God, although we do not believe in one. Strong point. A call for peace. The role of worldview in human activity. Hatred is intense enmity, aversion to someone or something. About wealth. Worldview. Turn to the person. About helping those in need. Types of worldview. One of the classifications of types of worldviews.
"Social cognition" - In a narrow sense - a cognizable object. Features of social cognition. In a narrow sense - a knowing person, endowed with will and consciousness. Types of social facts. Subject. An object. The possibility of using the experiment is limited. Cognition -. In a broad sense - society. Establishing social patterns is extremely difficult. Specific historical approach to social phenomena. Social studies grade 10.
"Philosophy and Science" - Culturology appeared in the 19th century. What does cultural studies study? Science and philosophy. Teaching about the good and values. Archeology. Philosophy. The founder of sciences is philosophy. Sociology. Philosophy as a social science. The doctrine of being. Culturology. Classification of social sciences and humanities. Civil history. Russell. What methods does sociology use? History. Physical chemistry. Social sciences. What is history?
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Slide captions:
Culture and spiritual life of society Grade 10 Teacher Boykova V.Yu.
Preliminary Questions Why does society need culture? How does it benefit? How do you rate your personal level of culture?
Remember the definition of culture known to you? Types of culture
Spiritual life is a sphere of human activity and society, which embraces the wealth of human feelings and achievements of reason, unites both the assimilation of accumulated spiritual values \u200b\u200band the creative creation of new ones.
Spiritual life of the Society of a Personality -Morality -Religion -Philosophy -Art -Institutions of science, culture -Religious bodies -Science, i.e. Spiritual activity of people Spiritual world: - knowledge - faith - emotions, experiences - needs - abilities - aspirations - world outlook ...
Spiritual activity of people Spiritual-theoretical Spiritual-practical Production of spiritual goods and values: thoughts, ideas, theories, ideals, art. samples Preservation, reproduction, distribution, distribution, consumption of created goods and values \u200b\u200bThe end result is a change in people's consciousness
The concept of culture Cicero -1 century BC Since the 17th century, something that was invented by man man nature Creative activity Culture Cultivation
The concept of culture culture is all types of transformative activities of a person and society, as well as all its results. It is a historical set of industrial, social and spiritual achievements of mankind.
The concept of culture From a narrower point of view: culture is a special sphere of social life, where the spiritual efforts of mankind, the achievement of reason, the manifestation of feelings and creative activity are concentrated. This understanding of culture is close to the definition of the spiritual sphere of society.
Cultural sciences kul'turologi, history and sociology, ethnography, linguistics, archeology, aesthetics, ethics and art history
Development of culture Culture is a complex, multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon. Cultural development is a two-pronged process Experience, traditions (Stable element) Innovation (dynamics)
Functions of culture Self-write from pages 81-82
Functions of culture 1.Adaptation to the environment 2.Accumulation, storage, transfer of cultural values \u200b\u200b3.Toleology and regulation of society and human activities 4.Socialization 5.Communication function
Diversity of cultures Dialogue of cultures Academician D. S. Likhachev: “Real cultural values \u200b\u200bdevelop only in contact with other cultures, grow on rich cultural soil and take into account the experience of neighbors. Can grain develop in a glass of distilled water? Maybe! - but until the grain's own forces run out, then the plant dies very quickly. "
Diversity of cultures Dialogue of cultures Interchange and interaction of cultures Overcoming boundaries Preserving identity What problems can arise in connection with the internationalization of cultures?
Types of culture Type of culture Features Who is creating Who is the focus of the popular mass elite Fill in the table
Varieties of culture Subculture is a part of the general culture, a system of values \u200b\u200binherent in a certain group (children, youth, women, ethnic, criminal, etc.) Counterculture - opposition and alternative in relation to the prevailing culture in society
Homework Paragraph 8 assignments and paper (oral) essay
