It is difficult to assess the importance of nature in human life. She generously gives people her riches, surprises with proud grandeur and unique beauty, inspires. Nature teaches us to be human, to treat all living things humanely, to resist any manifestation of evil and cruelty.
G. Troepolsky's text touches upon the problem of the beneficial influence of nature on man. The yellow forest, in which "everything burned and shone together with the sun", where "it was ... easy ... and fun", helped the main character - the hunter to really experience the feeling of pain "for all those who kill are useless."
Enjoying the silence, admiring the beauty of the autumn forest and the work of his faithful four-legged friend, Ivan Ivanovich feels happy and smiles. And suddenly a shot ... It seems terrible and ridiculous in the forest, where silence and harmony reign. The forest echoed offended, as if it was perplexed: "scared, shuddered" birches, "oaks gasped."
“Only for you, Bim,” the hunter tries to find an excuse for his deed, holding a dead woodcock in the palm of his hand. But memories of the past, of the bird killed yesterday, do not allow conscience to calm down. From that day on, the feeling of pity for animals and birds was strengthened every day in the soul of Ivan Ivanovich.
Man is very guilty before "our smaller brothers". And this fault lies not only with poachers, indifferently killing animals for their own benefit. People act inhumanely, throwing animals out into the street, leaving them to fend for themselves. Unfortunately, this phenomenon is not uncommon.
It is impossible to imagine nature without animals and birds. They not only benefit, but also decorate our planet. Many people do not mind to learn from them love, loyalty and mutual understanding.
From early childhood, we have known works that tell about the "human" qualities of "our smaller brothers". The short story of L.N. Tolstoy about the friendship between a lion and a little dog. I was surprised by the heroism of the gray sparrow, who selflessly obscured his brainchild with a tiny body. I.S. Turgenev, the author of the prose poem "Sparrow", admits that "he was in awe of that little ... bird, before her love impulse." We were happy for Mitrasha, the hero of the fairy tale was M.M. Prishvina "Pantry of the Sun", to which Grass came to the rescue, a sensitive dog of the wise forester Antipych.
I really want every person to learn to appreciate and feel with his heart the beauty and uniqueness of the natural world around us, learn to be human. Maybe for this you need to more often go to the yellow autumn forest, in which, according to the writer G. Troepolsky, a person becomes cleaner?
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Essay in the format of the exam
(the problem of the influence of nature on humans)
(text by Gabriel Troepolsky).
Teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU "Salbinskaya secondary school"
Lazareva M.V.
A lot of poems, songs, stories have been written about nature, in which the authors express admiration for the beauty of forests, fields, rivers, lakes. Let's remember Bunin, Pushkin, Lermontov, Bazhov, Fet, Tyutchev, Green, Troepolsky, Astafiev ... Each of them has his own, unique world of nature.
The text of KG Paustovsky describes one of the secluded corners of our Motherland, a place between the forests and the Oka, which is called "Prorva". Here the meadows are "like the sea", "the herbs are an impenetrable elastic wall," the air is "thick, cool and healing." The midnight cry of the corncrake, the tremor of the pickle foliage - all this causes a healing effect on the writer's soul: "Together with the fragrant, free, refreshing air, you will breathe into yourself the serenity of thought, gentleness of feeling, condescension to others and even to yourself."
I think each of us has experienced something similar in our lives, so it is difficult to disagree with the fact that nature is capable of changing our inner world, making people kinder and better.
We can say with confidence that the problem of the influence of nature on humans will remain relevant at all times. In the poem of the outstanding poet of the 19th century M. Yu. Lermontov we read:
When the yellowing cornfield is worried
And the fresh forest rustles at the sound of the breeze ...
Then my soul is humbled by anxiety,
Then the wrinkles on the brow disperse, -
And happiness I can comprehend on earth,
And in heaven I see God.
Here is described an amazing property of nature - to bring harmony into life, to give an opportunity to forget worries and worries, to give strength to live on.
Alexander Pushkin also admires this truly magical world of nature. For example, in one of the poems ("Autumn") we have a beautiful image of withering nature:
It's a sad time! Charm of the eyes!
Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -
I loveI amlushnaturewilting,
Crimson and gold-clad forests ...
It is impossible to take your eyes off the magnificent landscape. This picture is full of colors, it pleases, but at the same time it becomes a little sad, because winter is coming soon ...
Of course, you can describe nature in different ways, but in one thing all these descriptions will be similar: nature cannot leave anyone indifferent, because this is a world of charm.
(293 words)
PAUSTOVSKY - MESCHERSKAYA SIDE -
LUGA
Between the forests and the Oka River, there are floodplains stretching in a wide belt.
At dusk, the meadows are like the sea. As in the sea, the sun sets in the grass, and beacons are lit by signal lights on the banks of the Oka. As in the sea, fresh winds blow over the meadows, and the high sky has tipped over into a pale green bowl.
In the meadows, the old channel of the Oka stretches for many kilometers. His name is the Breakthrough.
It is a dead, deep and motionless river with steep banks. The banks are overgrown with high, old, three girths, pickles, century-old willows, rose hips, umbrella grasses and blackberries.
We called one reach on this river "Fantastic Breakthrough", because nowhere and none of us have seen such huge, two human height, burdocks, blue thorns, such a tall lungwort and horse sorrel and such gigantic raincoat mushrooms as on this reach.
The density of grasses in other places on Prorva is such that it is impossible to disembark from a boat - the grasses stand as an impenetrable elastic wall. They push the person away. The herbs are intertwined with treacherous blackberry loops, hundreds of dangerous and prickly snares.
There is often a slight haze over the Breakthrough. Its color changes with the time of day. In the morning it is a blue fog, in the afternoon it is a whitish haze, and only at dusk the air above the Breakthrough becomes transparent, like spring water. The sedge foliage barely trembles, pink from sunset, and in the pools the pikes of the Propvina hollowly beat.
In the mornings, when it is impossible to walk ten steps on the grass so as not to get wet to the skin with dew, the air on the Prorva smells of bitter willow bark, grassy freshness, sedge. It is thick, cool and healing.
Every autumn I spend many days in a tent on Prorva. To get a distant idea of what the breakthrough is, one should describe at least one day of the prophets. I come to Prorv by boat. With me is a tent, an ax, a lantern, a backpack with groceries, a sapper shovel, some dishes, tobacco, matches and fishing accessories: fishing rods, donks, lines, girders and, most importantly, a can of worms. I collect them in the old garden under heaps of dead leaves.
On Prorva I already have my favorite, always very deaf places. One of them is a sharp bend in the river, where it spills into a small lake with very high, vine-covered banks.
There I pitch my tent. But first of all, I carry the hay. Yes, I confess, I carry hay from the nearest haystack, I carry it around very deftly, so that even the most experienced eye of the old collective farmer will not notice any flaw in the haystack. I put the hay under the canvas floor of the tent. Then when I leave, I take it back.
The tent must be stretched so that it hums like a drum. Then it must be dug in so that when it rains, the water flows into the ditches on the sides of the tent and does not wet the floor.
The tent is set up. It is warm and dry in it. The bat lantern hangs on a hook. In the evening I light it up and even read in the tent, but I usually do not read for long - there is too much interference on the Prorva: either a corncrake will start screaming behind a nearby bush, then a pood fish will hit with a with thickets, a crimson glow will begin to flare up and a gloomy moon will rise over the expanses of the evening land. And the corncrake will immediately subside and the bittern will stop buzzing in the swamps - the moon rises in watchful silence. She appears as the ruler of these dark waters, century-old willows, mysterious long nights.
Tents of black willows hang overhead. Looking at them, you begin to understand the meaning of the old words. Obviously, such tents were called "canopy" in former times. In the shade of willows ...
And for some reason on such nights you call the constellation Orion Stozhary, and the word "midnight", which in the city sounds, perhaps, like a literary concept, takes on a real meaning here. This darkness under the willows, and the brilliance of September stars, and the bitterness of the air, and the distant bonfire in the meadows, where the boys are guarding the horses driven into the night - all this is midnight. Somewhere far away, a watchman is beating a clock on a village bell tower. He strikes for a long time, measuredly - twelve strikes. Then there was dark silence again. Only occasionally on the Oka the tugboat will scream in a sleepy voice.
The night drags on slowly; it seems there will be no end to it. Sleep on autumn nights in a tent is strong, fresh, despite the fact that you wake up every two hours and go out to look at the sky - to find out if Sirius has risen, if you can see the dawn strip in the east.
The night grows colder with every hour. By dawn, the air already burns the face with a slight frost, the tent panels, covered with a thick layer of crisp frost, sag a little, and the grass turns gray from the first matinee.
It's time to get up. In the east, the dawn is already pouring in with a quiet light, the huge outlines of willows are already visible in the sky, the stars are already fading. I go down to the river, wash from the boat. The water is warm, it seems even slightly warmed up.
The sun is rising. The frost melts. Coastal sands are darkened by dew.
I boil strong tea in a smoked tin teapot. Hard soot is like enamel. In the teapot, willow leaves, burnt out in a fire, float.
I've been fishing all morning. I have been checking from the boat the lines that have been set across the river since the evening. First, there are empty hooks - ruffs have eaten all the bait on them. But here the cord stretches, cuts the water, and a living silver shine appears in the depths - this is a flat bream walking on a hook. A fat and stubborn perch is visible behind it, then a puppy with piercing yellow eyes. When pulled out, the fish looks icy.
The words of Aksakov refer entirely to these days spent on the Prorva:
"On a green flowering bank, over the dark depths of a river or lake, in the shade of bushes, under the tent of a gigantic black-wood or curly alder, quietly trembling with its leaves in a bright mirror of water, imaginary passions will subside, imaginary storms will subside, prideful dreams will crumble, unrealizable hopes will scatter. Nature will enter into her eternal rights. Together with the fragrant, free, refreshing air you will breathe into yourself the serenity of thought, meekness of feeling, condescension to others and even to yourself. "
Poplar - poplar
Paustovsky K.G. Meshcherskaya side
Passing the Unified State Exam is just a small test that every student will have to go through on the way to adulthood. Already today, many graduates are familiar with the delivery of essays in December, and then with the delivery of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. The topics that can be caught for writing an essay are completely different. And today we will give several examples of what works can be taken as an argument for "Nature and Man".
About the topic itself
Many authors wrote about the relationship between man and nature (arguments can be found in many works of world classical literature).
To correctly reveal this topic, you must correctly understand the meaning of what you are asked about. Most often, students are asked to choose a topic (if we are talking about an essay on literature). Then the choice is given to several statements of famous personalities. The main thing here is to subtract the meaning that the author introduced into his quote. Only then can the role of nature in human life be explained. You will see the arguments from the literature on this topic below.
If we are talking about the second part of the examination work in the Russian language, then the text is already given to the student. This text usually contains several problems - the student independently chooses the one that seems to him the easiest to disclose.
It must be said that few students choose this topic because they see difficulties in it. Well, everything is very simple, you just need to look at the works from the other side. The main thing is to understand what arguments from the literature about man and nature can be used.
The first problem
The arguments ("The problem of man and nature") can be completely different. Let's take such a problem as human perception of nature as something living. Problems of nature and man, arguments from literature - all this can be collected into one whole, if you think about it.
Arguments
Take Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. What can be used here? Let us recall Natasha, who, leaving the house one night, was so amazed by the beauty of the peaceful nature that she was ready to spread her arms like wings and fly away into the night.
Let's remember the same Andrey. Experiencing heavy emotional disturbances, the hero sees an old oak tree. How does he feel? He perceives the old tree as a powerful, wise creature, which makes Andrey think about the right decision in his life.
At the same time, if the beliefs of the heroes of War and Peace support the possibility of the existence of a natural soul, then the protagonist of Ivan Turgenev's novel Fathers and Sons thinks quite differently. Since Bazarov is a man of science, he denies any manifestation of the spiritual in the world. Nature is no exception. He studies nature from the point of view of biology, physics, chemistry and other natural sciences. However, natural wealth does not instill any faith in Bazarov - it is only an interest in the world around him, which will not change.
These two works are perfect for revealing the theme of "Man and Nature", it is not difficult to give arguments.
Second problem
The problem of human awareness of the beauty of nature is also often encountered in classical literature. Let's consider the available examples.
Arguments
For example, the same work by Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". Let us recall the first battle in which Andrei Bolkonsky took part. Tired and wounded, he carries the banner and sees clouds in the sky. What emotional excitement Andrei experiences when he sees the gray sky! The beauty that makes him harbor the spirit, which gives him strength!
But besides Russian literature, we can also consider works of foreign classics. Take Margaret Mitchell's famous Gone with the Wind. An episode of the book, when Scarlett, having gone a long way home, sees her native fields, albeit overgrown, but so close, such fertile lands! What does the girl feel? She suddenly stops being restless, she stops feeling tired. A new burst of strength, the emergence of hope for the best, the confidence that everything will be better tomorrow. It is nature, the landscape of her native land that saves the girl from despair.
The third problem
Arguments (“The role of nature in human life” is a topic) is also quite easy to find in the literature. It is enough to recall just a few works that tell us about the effect nature has on us.
Arguments
For example, Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea is a great argument for writing. Let's recall the main features of the plot: an old man goes to sea for a large fish. A few days later, he finally has a catch: a beautiful shark comes across to him in the net. During a long battle with the animal, the old man pacifies the predator. While the main character moves towards the house, the shark slowly dies. All alone, the old man starts talking to the animal. The way home is very long, and the old man feels how the animal becomes his own. But he understands that if the predator is released, he will not survive, and the old man himself will be left without food. Other marine animals appear, hungry and smelling the metallic scent of a wounded shark's blood. By the time the old man arrives home, nothing is left of the caught fish.
This work clearly shows how easy it is for a person to get used to the world around him, how hard it is often to lose some seemingly insignificant connection with nature. In addition, we see that a person is able to resist the elements of nature, which acts exclusively according to its own laws.
Or take Astafiev's "Tsar Fish". Here we observe how nature is able to revive all the best qualities of a person. Inspired by the beauty of the world around them, the heroes of the story understand that they are capable of love, kindness, generosity. Nature evokes in them the manifestation of the best qualities of character.
Fourth problem
The problem of the beauty of the environment is directly related to the problem of the relationship between man and nature. Arguments can also be cited from Russian classical poetry.
Arguments
Take Sergei Yesenin, the poet of the Silver Age, as an example. We all know from high school that in his lyrics Sergei Alexandrovich sang not only female beauty, but also natural beauty. As a native of the village, Yesenin became an absolutely peasant poet. In his poems, Sergei glorified Russian nature, paying attention to those details that remain unnoticed by us.
For example, the poem “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry” perfectly draws us the image of a blooming apple tree, the flowers of which are so light that in fact they resemble a sweet haze among the greenery. Or the poem “I remember, beloved, I remember”, which tells us about unhappy love, with its lines allows us to plunge into a beautiful summer night when linden trees are blooming, the sky is starry, and somewhere in the distance the moon is shining. A feeling of warmth and romance is created.
Two more poets of the "golden age" of literature, who glorified nature in their poems, can be used as arguments. “Man and nature are found in Tyutchev and Fet. Their love lyrics constantly intersect with descriptions of natural landscapes. They endlessly compared the objects of their love with nature. Afanasy Fet's poem "I came to you with greetings" was just one of these works. Reading the lines, you don't immediately understand what exactly the author is talking about - about love for nature or about love for a woman, because he sees infinitely much in common in the features of a loved one with nature.
Fifth problem
Speaking about the arguments ("Man and Nature"), one can come across one more problem. It consists of human intervention in the environment.
Arguments
Mikhail Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog" can be named as an argument that will reveal the understanding of this problem. The main character is a doctor who decided to create a new person with a dog's soul with his own hands. The experiment did not bring positive results, only created problems and ended unsuccessfully. As a result, we can conclude that what we create from a ready-made natural product can never become better than what it was originally, no matter how much we try to improve it.
Despite the fact that the work itself has a slightly different meaning, this work can be viewed from this angle.
1. The problem of love for nature.
2. Influence of nature on humans.
3. The problem of comprehending beauty in nature.
4. Harmonious relationship with nature.
5. The problem of perception of the surrounding world.
ARGUMENTS:
1) You need to love nature, you need to notice its beauty. As her favorite heroine Leo Tolstoy notes in the epic novel "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova. The estate is gratifying. Night. Moon. A young girl cannot hide her feelings of admiration, delight in front of the beauty of a moonlit night. The night seems magical to her, she wants to fly. Natasha feels infinitely happy and free. She is in complete harmony with the world around her.
2) In Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace, nature has a huge impact on Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. Especially in the episode describing the prince's trip to Otradnoye on business. Before us is a man disappointed in life, still feeling guilty after the death of his wife, who decided to quietly and calmly live out his life.
He decided that love, happiness, interesting things are all in the past. On the way to Otradnoye in the spring, he meets an old oak tree, which is lonely and ugly with bare crooked branches, sores standing in the middle of greenery, sun, spring. It seemed to him that the oak, like him, does not believe in happiness, but just wants to calmly live out its life. On the way back in early June, Bolkonsky does not immediately recognize this oak. The transformed handsome man, spread out in a tent of luscious greenery, stood in front of him. A feeling of joy gripped the hero. “No, life is not over at the age of 31,” thought the young prince. We see how much in common between man and nature.
3) In Ray Bradbury's dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451, we see that the city's inhabitants are oblivious to nature. In the evening they do not walk, but sit in front of the "television walls", during the day they fly in high-speed cars. Clarissa, who loves rain and the rustle of autumn leaves, seems strange to everyone. People stopped noticing nature. Their lives have become material and pragmatic, and they are easily manipulated by a handful of people. At the end of the novel, the city dies.
4) The hero of A.P. Platonov's story "Yushka" very often goes into the field, forest. Here he feels happy and free. Here he forgets the insults inflicted on him by his fellow villagers, who consider him "unnecessary" on this earth. He is sensitive to nature: he talks to the grass, picks up fallen butterflies and dragonflies from the path. Communication with nature gives him spiritual strength.
5) In the book of V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish", in the chapter of the same name, the main character Utrobin does not notice the beauty of nature. He treats her as a consumer, engaging in poaching, like his father and grandfather. The meeting with the king-fish helped him to realize that there is no right for a person to relate so mercilessly to nature, of which he himself is a part.
The Martian Chronicles. R. Bradbury
The iridescent notions of many readers about the hospitality of alien planets are completely negated by the American science fiction writer Ray Bradbury with his vision of the problem. The author insistently warns that the elusive inhabitants of other worlds are not eager to meet intruders on their territory. For those who nevertheless decide to cross this border at any cost, the writer recommends getting ready for a series of disappointments, since they will have to face a completely different world, living according to laws we do not understand.
"Tsar-fish". V. Astafiev
In this work, the famous Russian writer acquaints us with his attitude to the eternal moral and philosophical question of the relationship between man and the animated world around him. It reminds us of the enormous responsibility that nature itself has entrusted to us, and encourages us to strive with all our might to build the harmony of our inner world with the harmony of the world that exists next to us.
“All summer in one day”. R. Bradbury
Distant and mysterious Venus. The author immerses us in his idea of the possible conditions for the existence of the first settlers from our planet in this alien and completely incomprehensible world. We are talking about children who attend the Venusian school. All of them are of the same age, and live with the sole expectation of the appearance of the long-awaited sun in the sky of Venus. The luminary appears here only once every seven years, and children of nine do not remember at all what it looks like. An exception is the only girl named Margot, who arrived on the planet later than others and has not yet had time to forget what the Sun is and how it looks from Earth. A tense and uneasy relationship develops between her and the other guys. They just don't understand each other. But time passes, and the day of the appearance of the Sun is approaching. It will delight the inhabitants of the rainy planet with its presence for an hour, and then disappear again for seven long years, so for the young inhabitants of Venus, this day is an event that cannot be compared with anything in its solemnity and significance.
"The little Prince". Antoine de Saint-Exupery
The allegorical story of the French pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupery introduces us to a very touching character. This is a boy who is engaged in a very serious and responsible business - he visits various planets, and thus learns the world around him. He generously shares his conclusions with the reader and reveals to us his childhood vision and attitude to everything that he has to face. The young traveler unobtrusively reminds people that they are responsible for the life of everything that surrounds them - "We are responsible for those we have tamed", and caring for the planet we live on is an unconditional and daily duty of every person.
"Grandpa Mazai and the Hares". N. Nekrasov
The small village described by the famous poet is located in the wilderness of the Kostroma province. Every year, spring floods turn this marvelous place into a "Russian Venice" - a third of the entire territory is under water, and forest dwellers rush in horror in search of saving islands of land. The protagonist of this work, Grandfather Mazai, sailing on his boat through the flooded forest, saw hares huddled in a heap and trembling from fear and cold. The defenseless animals, apparently, did not expect that their plight would attract anyone's attention, but when the old hunter began to transfer them into the boat to release them in a safer place, they, though with distrust and apprehension, accepted help from a stranger. This story reminds each of us that one cannot indifferently observe the plight of our smaller brothers, and, if possible, provide all possible assistance to those who are in dire need of it.
"Plakha". Ch. Aitmatov
The novel of the famous Kyrgyz writer is a warning addressed to each of us. The ordeals and the tragic fate of the protagonist of this work, Obadiah, reveal to the reader that huge layer of unresolved moral issues that have changed our attitude towards life and those around us beyond recognition. The novel clearly highlights the contradictions of characters who feel responsible for everything, and those for whom conscience and morality have become an unnecessary burden. In parallel with the development of the main plot, the author unobtrusively plunges us into the life of an ordinary wolf family. Apparently, this technique was not chosen by him by chance - the natural and, in its essence, sinless life of predators is opposed to the filth with which relationships between people are overflowing.
"The man who planted trees." J. Giono
This story is about a Man with a capital letter. He devoted his entire life to transforming a lifeless desert into a blooming oasis. Through his daily work over the years, he has inspired hope in the hearts of the people who live near him. Thousands of trees planted by the protagonist brought happiness to tens of thousands of others, who seemed to have lost their last hope of surviving in this cruel world.
“About all creatures - big and small”. J. Harriott
With light humor and great love, the author, who by his main profession was a veterinarian and was engaged in the treatment of animals, introduces us to pets that we meet every day, but we know absolutely nothing about them themselves, not about their attitude towards us.
Three Tickets to Adventure. J. Darrell
The story of the famous traveler, naturalist and owner of the rare gift of the magnificent storyteller J. Darrell introduces us to the unique nature of South America and immerses readers in the world of their impressions of the expedition to this continent. The literary heritage of this researcher has provided an opportunity for millions of people of different ages to perceive the world that surrounds them in a completely different way, and to feel involved in its problems and joys. The author in a fascinating and light manner tells about the life of rare animals - about boxing fights of porcupines, the daily pastime of sloths, about the process of birth of unique reptiles and amphibians, and about a host of other interesting things of a cognitive nature. You will get acquainted with the hard and dangerous work of rescuers of wild animals and significantly expand your knowledge of the world that exists in close proximity to humans, but lives according to laws that only he can understand.
"Don't shoot white swans." B. Vasiliev
The very title of this story contains a call to people to stop and think hard about their attitude to wildlife and life in general. This is a cry of despair that cannot leave anyone indifferent. The plot of the narration captures the reader from the first minutes and does not let go until the very denouement. We empathize with the heroes of this story, delve into the secrets of their attitude and at least for a while become like them. The author tries to draw that elusive border between good and evil, referring to the fate of his characters and their daily attitude to the world of wildlife.
"Stories about Animals". E. Season-Thompson
E. Sezon-Thompson is one of the few authors who, with his manner of storytelling and deep reflections, immerses his readers in the world of his personal relationships to all living things. He communicates touchingly and with childlike spontaneity with wild and domestic animals, with full confidence that they perfectly understand and perceive every word, and only for quite understandable reasons cannot say anything in response. He speaks to them as to unreasonable children who have access to only one language of communication - the language of affection and love.
"Arcturus is a hound dog." Yu. Kazakov
Each dog, like a person, has its own individual character and disposition. Arcturus, according to the author, was unique in this respect. The dog showed extraordinary exalted affection and devotion to its master. It was the true love of an animal for a person. The dog was ready to sacrifice itself for him without any hesitation, but a certain animal modesty and inner tact did not allow her to express her feelings in full.
