Courage arguments. True heroism arguments

Dedicated to the problem of heroism, where we will give arguments from literature. Moreover, it will not be difficult to write homework, because many writers touched on the topic where they revealed the problem of heroism, introducing readers to the heroes of their works. Very often, this problem is associated with works about the war and not casual, because it is in the war that a person manifests true or false heroism, as evidenced by the arguments from the literature for the Unified State Exam.

Revealing the problem of manifestation of heroism in war and arguing with examples, I would like to recall the wonderful work of Leo Tolstoy, where the author raises various philosophical questions. We see how the problem under study evolves in the mind of Andrei Bolkonsky. Now Andrey's priorities are to be a hero, not to seem like that. Captain Tushin, as well as other heroes who gave their lives for their Motherland, showed real heroism in the novel. At the same time, there were also false patriots in the face of high society people.

The problem is also raised by Sholokhov in his work, where the hero Andrei Sokolov selflessly defended his homeland from the Nazi invaders. The war took both his wife and children from him, but his will remained unbending, he endured everything and even found the strength to adopt an orphaned child. And this also showed the heroic traits of his character.

Arguing the problem of heroism, I would like to recall the work of Tvardovsky about. In the work, the hero, in spite of fear, at the cost of his health, life, for the sake of love for the Motherland and family, does the impossible. A real heroic deed when Vasily swims across a cold river in order to convey information that will help to quickly end the course of the war.

To be honest, you can still give a lot of arguments from the literature, where the authors touch on the problem of true and false heroism. This is Bykov's novel Sotnikov, and the novel White Guard Bulgakov, and the Tale of a Real Man by B. Polevoy, and many other works of famous writers, whose works we read with pleasure, we experience with the heroes, we feel their pain and are proud of their dedication and heroic deeds.

The Problem of Heroism: Arguments from Literature

What grade will you give?

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Since the theme of the essay is the problem of heroism, arguments from literature should be paid attention to works familiar to most of our fellow citizens, brought up on the exploits of Soviet soldiers who saved the world from the brown plague. There were other examples of courage, heroism and selfless love for the Motherland in history. For example, the war of the middle of the 20th century became the most terrible and bloody.

One of the works praising heroism not only in war, but also in peaceful life is the story "The Fate of a Man" by Alexander Sholokhov, in which the author introduces the reader to Andrei Sokolov. He went through the whole war, showing himself a brave soldier. Every day he bravely looked into the face of death, which carried away his comrades one by one. The worst thing that happened to Andrey was the loss of his family. His wife, son and daughter were killed in the rear at the hands of the Nazis.

Not every person will be able to adequately survive such grief. However, Sokolov was able, gathering all his will into a fist, he stayed afloat. He did not become embittered, did not hate the whole world, but became more sensitive and responsive to someone else's misfortune. These qualities pushed him to a heroic deed already in a peaceful life.

Having met an orphaned boy on the dusty post-war roads, Andrey takes him under his "wing". The decision to adopt a boy is a real feat. Indeed, in this way, the hero saved the child from an orphanage life, from loneliness, from ordeals, having played a decisive role in the fate of this little man.

Another piece has a similar title. This is "The Story of a Real Man" by Boris Polevoy.

The prototype of the protagonist is the legendary pilot Alexei Meresiev, who has gone down in history forever thanks to his courage and unbending will to win over himself and over the enemy.

The reader, with bated breath, follows the events described by the author. The awareness that all this took place in real life sharpens the experience. Meresiev's plane was shot down over the occupied territory. The pilot managed to survive, although he received terrible wounds.

Bleeding, Alexei tries to fight his way to his own. With the last of his strength, he crawls through the wooded area, overcoming inch by inch. Meresiev was lucky - three weeks later he got to the partisans and his life was saved.

Having lost both legs, Alexey did not register himself as disabled and did not remain in captivity. He learned not only to walk, but even to dance with prostheses and continued to fly. Until the end of the war, he managed to accomplish many more feats, significantly replenishing the "piggy bank" of the enemy aircraft he shot down.

Thanks to Boris Polevoy, the readers got an invaluable opportunity to get to know an extraordinary person better. Meresiev's heroism will live for centuries, and the memory of him will be passed on from generation to generation. Such people never die.

The problem of heroism in war has numerous arguments from literature. In this article, only two works were considered. However, no less shrill - "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", "Not on the Lists" by B. Vasiliev, "In the Trenches of Stalingrad" by V. Nekrasov, "Sotnikov" by V. Bykov and other cult books. Many generations have grown and reared on them.

In this article, you are offered the problems found in the texts for preparing for the exam in the Russian language, and the literary arguments for them. All of them are available for download in table format, link at the end of the page.

True and false heroism unfolds before us in the pages novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"... The people carry in themselves true love for the Motherland, they protect it with their breast, dying for it in the war, not receiving orders and ranks. A completely different picture in high society, which only pretends to be patriotic, if it is fashionable. So, Prince Vasily Kuragin went both to the salon, glorifying Napoleon, and to the salon, opposing the emperor. Also, nobles willingly begin to love and glorify the fatherland when it is beneficial. So, Boris Drubetskoy uses the war to advance his career. It is thanks to the people with their true patriotism that Russia freed itself from the French invaders. But its false manifestations almost ruined the country. As you know, the Russian emperor did not spare the troops and did not want to postpone the decisive battle. The situation was saved by Kutuzov, who, with the help of delay, exhausted the French army and saved thousands of lives of ordinary people.
Heroism is manifested not only in war. Sonya Marmeladova, g The heroine of F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment", had to become a prostitute to help the family not die of hunger. The believing girl broke the commandments and went to sin for the sake of her stepmother and her children. If not for her and her dedication, they would not have survived. But Luzhin, shouting at every corner about his virtue and generosity, and exposing his undertakings as heroic (especially his marriage to the homeless woman Duna Raskolnikova), turns out to be a pitiful egoist who is ready to go over his head for his goals. The difference is that Sonya's heroism saves people, while Luzhin's falsehood destroys them.

War heroism

A hero is not a person without fear, he is one who can overcome fear and go into battle for the sake of his goals and beliefs. Such a hero is described in the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" in the image of Andrei Sokolov. This is a completely ordinary person who lived like everyone else. But when the thunder struck, he became a real hero: he was carrying shells under fire, because it is impossible otherwise, because his own people are in danger; endured captivity and concentration camp without betraying anyone; endured the death of his loved ones, having been reborn for the fate of the orphan Vanka, which he had chosen. Andrey's heroism lies in the fact that he made the salvation of the country the main task of his life and for this he fought to the end.
Sotnikov, hero the story of the same name by V. Bykov, at the beginning of the work seems not at all heroic. Moreover, it was he who became the reason for his captivity, Rybak suffered with him. However, Sotnikov is trying to atone for his guilt, to take everything upon himself, to save a woman and an old man who accidentally fell under investigation. But the brave partisan Rybak is cowardly and tries only to save his own skin, denouncing everyone. The traitor survives, but is forever covered in the blood of innocent sufferers. And in the awkward and unlucky Sotnikov, a real hero is revealed, worthy of respect and inextinguishable historical memory. Thus, heroism is especially important in war, because other lives depend on its manifestation.

The goal of heroism

Rita Osyanina, heroine B. Vasiliev's story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", lost her beloved husband in the first days of the war, left with a little son. But the young woman could not stay away from the general grief, went to the front, hoping to avenge her husband and protect tens of thousands of children from the enemy. It was a real heroism to go to an unequal battle with the Nazis. Rita, her friend from the department, Zhenya Komelkova, and their chief, foreman Vaskov, opposed the Nazi detachment and prepared for a mortal battle, and the girls really died. But there is no other way, behind the back is not just a patrol, behind the back is the Motherland. Thus, they sacrificed themselves to save the fatherland.
Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, the hero of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", showed heroic qualities in the defense of the Belogorodskaya fortress. He remains steadfast and does not hesitate, he is supported by the duty of honor, the military oath. When the rebels captured the commandant, Ivan Kuzmich remained faithful to the oath and did not recognize Pugachev, although this threatened with death. Military duty made Mironov go to the feat, despite the fact that he had to pay for it with his life. He sacrificed himself to stay true to his beliefs.

Moral feat

It is extremely difficult to remain human after going through blood and bullets. Andrey Sokolov, hero the story "The Fate of a Man" by MA Sholokhov, not only fought, but was taken prisoner, in a concentration camp, fled, and then lost his whole family. It was the family that was the guiding star for the hero, having lost it, he waved his hand at himself. However, after the war, Sokolov met an orphan boy Vanka, whose fate was also crippled by the war, and the hero did not pass by, did not leave the state or other people to take care of the orphan, Andrei became a father for Vanka, giving himself and him a chance to find a new meaning in life. The fact that he opened his heart for this boy is a moral feat, which was no easier for him than courage in battle or endurance in the camp.
In the course of hostilities, it is sometimes forgotten that the enemy is also a person and, most likely, sent by war to your homeland by necessity. But it is even more terrible when the war is civil, when the enemy can turn out to be a brother, a friend, and a fellow villager. Grigory Melekhov, hero novel by M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don", in the new conditions of confrontation between the power of the Bolsheviks and the power of the Cossack atamans constantly hesitated. Justice called him to the side of the first, and he fought for the Reds. But in one battle, the hero saw the inhuman execution of prisoners, unarmed people. This senseless cruelty turned the hero away from his past views. Finally entangled between the parties, he surrenders to the winner, just to see the children. He realized that the family for him is more important than his own life, more important than principles and views, for the sake of it it is worth taking the risk, surrendering, so that the children at least see their father, who was always lost in battles.

Heroism in love

The manifestation of heroism is possible not only on the battlefield, sometimes no less is required in ordinary life. Yolkov, hero the story of A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet", performed a real feat of love, laying life on her altar. Having seen Vera only once, he lived only by her. When the husband and brother of his beloved forbade Zheltkov even to write to her, he could not live and committed suicide. But even he accepted death with the words to Vera: "Let your name shine." He did this act in order for his beloved to find peace. This is a real feat for the sake of love.
Mother's heroism is reflected in the story L. Ulitskaya "Daughter of Bukhara"... Alya, the main character, gave birth to a daughter, Milochka, with Down syndrome. The woman devoted her whole life to raising her daughter with a rare diagnosis then. Her husband left her, she had to not only look after her daughter, but also work as a nurse. And later my mother fell ill, did not receive treatment, but suited Milochka better: work in the workshop for gluing envelopes, marriage, education in a special school. Having done everything that could be done, Alya left to die. Mother's heroism is everyday, imperceptible, but no less important.

So school education is coming to an end. Now in the center of attention of all students It's no secret that a very large number of points can be obtained through writing an essay. That is why in this article we will write in detail an essay plan and discuss the most common topic of the exam, the problem of courage. Of course, there are quite a few topics: attitude to the Russian language, the role of mother, teacher, childhood in human life, and many others. Pupils have a particular difficulty in arguing for the problem of courage.

Many of the most talented writers have devoted their works to the theme of heroism and courage, but they are not so firmly settled in our memory. In this regard, we will refresh them a little and give the best arguments to defend your point of view from fiction.

Essay plan

To begin with, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the plan for the correct essay, which, if all the points are available, will bring you the maximum possible points.

The writing of the exam in the Russian language is very different from the essay on social studies, literature, and so on. This work has a strict form, which is better not to be violated. So, what the plan of our future essay looks like:

Introduction. What is the purpose of this paragraph? We need to smoothly lead our reader to the main problem raised in the text. This is a small paragraph, which consists of three or four sentences, but clearly refers to the topic of your essay.
Problem identification. In this part, we say that we have read the text proposed for analysis and identified one of the problems. When you point out a problem, think about the arguments ahead of time. As a rule, there are two or more of them in the text, choose the most advantageous one for you.
Your comment. Need to explain describe it. This should take you no more than seven sentences.
Note the position of the author, what he thinks and how he relates to the problem. Is he trying to do something about it?
Your position. You must write whether you agree with the author of the text or not, justify your answer.
Arguments. There should be two of them (from literature, history, personal experience). Educators still suggest making a reliance on arguments from literature.
Conclusion of no more than three sentences. Draw a conclusion to everything you said, summarize. Possible and such an ending as a rhetorical question. It will make you think, and the essay will be finished quite effectively.

As you can see from the plan, the hardest part is argumentation. Now we will select examples for the problem of courage, we will use exclusively literary sources.

"The fate of man"

The theme of the problem of courage is the main idea of Mikhail Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man". Selflessness and courage are the main concepts that characterize the protagonist Andrei Sokolov. Our character is able to step over all the obstacles that fate has in store for him, to carry his cross with his head held high. He shows these qualities not only during military service, but also in captivity.

It seemed that the worst was over, but misfortune did not come alone, there was another very difficult test ahead - the death of his loved ones. Now dedication speaks in Andrei, he gathered his last strength into a fist and visited the very place where there was once a quiet and family life.

"And the dawns here are quiet"

The problem of courage and resilience is reflected in such a work as Vasiliev's story. Only here these qualities are attributed to fragile and delicate creatures - girls. This work tells that Russian women can also be real heroes, fight on an equal footing with men and defend their interests even in such global terms.

The author tells about the difficult fate of several women completely different from each other, who were brought together by a great misfortune - the Great Patriotic War. Although their life used to take shape in different ways, they all had the same end - death while completing a combat mission.

The story of a real man

Which is found in many and in the "Tale of a Real Man" by Boris Polevoy.

The work deals with the plight of the pilot who loved the sky very much. For him, flight is the meaning of life, like wings for a bird. But they were cut to him by a German fighter. Despite his injuries, Meresiev crawled through the forest for a very long time, he had no water or food. He overcame this difficulty, but there were more to come. He lost his legs, he had to learn how to use prostheses, but this man was so strong in spirit that he even learned to dance on them.

Despite the large number of obstacles, Meresiev regained wings. The heroism and dedication of the hero can only be envied.

"Not on the lists"

Since we are interested in the problem of courage, we selected arguments from literature about the war and the plight of heroes. Also, the novel by Boris Vasiliev "Not included in the lists" is dedicated to the fate of Nikolai, who had just graduated from college, went to work and came under fire. He did not appear at all in any documents, but it did not occur to him to flee as a "rat from a ship", he bravely fought and defended the honor of his homeland.

Arguing your opinion on the chosen problem is one of the most important tasks when writing an essay-reasoning. Since the arguments from the literature are rated higher, it is very important to prepare them in advance. On this page, I present a number of arguments on several popular issues.

PROBLEM: Meanness, betrayal, dishonor, envy.

A.S. Pushkin, the novel "The Captain's Daughter"

Shvabrin is a nobleman, but he is dishonorable: he takes revenge on Masha Mironova for refusing, during a duel with Grinev he inflicts a vile blow in the back. The complete loss of ideas about honor and dignity provokes him to treason: he goes to the camp of the rebel Pugachev.

Karamzin "Poor Liza"

Erast, the beloved of the heroine, betrayed his feelings for the girl, choosing material well-being

N.V. Gogol, the story "Taras Bulba"

Andriy, the son of Taras, being held captive by love feelings, betrays his father, brother, comrades, and the Motherland. Bulba kills his son because he cannot live with such shame

A.S. Pushkin, the tragedy "Mozart and Salieri"

The envious Salieri, envious of the success of the great composer Mozart, poisoned him, although he considered him his friend.

PROBLEM: Seriousness, servility, servility, opportunism.

1. A.P. Chekhov, story "Death of an official"

The official Chervyakov is infected with the spirit of honor: sneezing and sprinkling the general's bald spot, he was so scared that after repeated humiliations and requests he died of fear.

2. A.S. Griboyedov, comedy "Woe from Wit"

Molchalin, a negative comedy character, is sure that you need to please everyone, without exception. This will allow you to climb the career ladder. Caring for Sophia, the daughter of Famusov, he pursues precisely this goal.

PROBLEM: Bribery, embezzlement

N.V. Gogol, comedy "The Inspector General"

The governor, like all officials of the district town, is a briber and embezzler. He is convinced that all issues can be solved with the help of money and the ability to show off.

N.V. Gogol, the poem "Dead Souls"

Chichikov, drawing up a bill of sale for "dead" souls, bribes an official, after which things go faster.

PROBLEM: Rudeness, ignorance, hypocrisy

A.N. Ostrovsky, the drama "The Thunderstorm"

Dikoy is a typical boor who offends everyone around him. Impunity gave rise to complete licentiousness in this man.

DI. Fonvizin, comedy "Minor"

Mrs. Prostakova considers her boorish behavior to be normal, so the people around her are "brutes" and "idiots".

A.P. Chekhov, the story "Chameleon"

Police overseer Ochumelov grovels in front of those who are above him in the ranks, and feels himself in control of the situation, in front of those who are below. This is reflected in his behavior, which changes depending on the situation.

PROBLEM: The destructive influence of money (material goods) on the human soul, hoarding

A.P. Chekhov, story "Ionych"

Doctor Startsev, a promising and talented doctor in his youth, turns into Ionych's accumulator. The main passion of his life is money, which became the cause of moral decay of the personality.

N.V. Gogol, the poem "Dead Souls"

The stingy landowner Plyushkin personifies complete spiritual degradation. The passion for hoarding became the reason for the destruction of all family and friendship ties, Plyushkin himself simply lost his human appearance.

PROBLEM: Vandalism, unconsciousness

I.A. Bunin "Cursed Days"

Bunin could not even imagine that the atrocities and vandalism brought by the revolution would turn people into a maddened crowd destroying everything in its path.

D.S. Likhachev, the book "On the Good and the Beautiful"

The Russian academician was outraged when he learned that a monument on the grave of Bagration had been blown up on the Borodino field. This is a terrible example of vandalism and unconsciousness.

V. Rasputin, story "Farewell to Matera"

During the flooding of the villages, not only people's dwellings, but also churches and graveyards went under the water, which is a terrible example of vandalism.

PROBLEM: The role of art

A.T. Tvardovsky, the poem "Vasily Terkin"

The front-line soldiers tell that the soldiers exchanged smoke and bread for clippings from front-line newspapers, where chapters of the poem were published. This means that the encouraging word was sometimes more important than food.

Natasha Rostova sings beautifully, at these moments she becomes unusually beautiful, and the people around her are drawn to her.

A.I. Kuprin, story "Garnet bracelet"

Listening to Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata, Vera experienced, thanks to the hopelessly in love Zheltkov, a feeling similar to catharsis. Music awakened in her sympathy, compassion, desire to love.

PROBLEM: Love for the Motherland, nostalgia

M.Yu. Lermontov, poem "Motherland"

The lyrical hero loves his homeland for what it is, and is ready to go through all the trials with his people.

A. Blok, poem "Russia"

For the lyric hero Blok, love for the homeland is like love for a woman. He believes in the great future of his country.

I.A. Bunin, stories "Clean Monday", "Antonovskie apples"

I.A. Bunin left Russia for good in the 20th year. A sense of nostalgia haunted him all his life. The heroes of his stories recall the great past of Russia, which has been irretrievably lost: history, culture, traditions.

PROBLEM: Fidelity to the given word (duty)

A.S. Pushkin, the novel "Dubrovsky"

Masha, married to an unloved person, refuses to break the oath of allegiance given in the church when Dubrovsky is trying to save her.

A.S. Pushkin, the novel "Eugene Onegin"

Tatyana Larina, true to her marital duty and the given word, is forced to refuse Onegin. She became the personification of the moral strength of man.

PROBLEM: Self-sacrifice, compassion, mercy, cruelty, humanism

MA Bulgakov, novel "The Master and Margarita"

Margarita, who loves the Master, in spite of everything, is true to her feelings, she is ready for any sacrifice. The woman flies to the ball to Woland to save her beloved. There she asks to free the sinner Frida from suffering.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn, story "Matrenin's yard"

Matryona lived all her life for people, helped them, without asking for anything in return. The author calls her a "righteous woman", a person who lives according to the laws of God and conscience

L. Andreev, story "Kusaka"

By taming the dog and leaving it for the winter in a summer cottage, people showed their selfishness, showed how cruel they can be.

The Cossack Gavrila, having lost his son, fell in love, as a loved one, a stranger, an enemy. Hatred of the "red" grew into a father's love and care.

PROBLEM: Self-education, self-education, introspection, self-improvement

I.S. Turgenev, the novel "Fathers and Sons"

The nihilist Bazarov believed that "every person should educate himself." And this is the lot of strong people.

L.N. Tolstoy, trilogy “Childhood. Adolescence. Youth"

Nikolenka is an autobiographical hero. Like the author himself, he strives for self-improvement, for creative self-realization.

M.Yu. Lermontov, the novel "A Hero of Our Time"

Pechorin in his diary talks with himself, evaluates his actions, analyzes life, which testifies to the depth of this personality.

L.N. Tolstoy, the novel "War and Peace"

The writer showed us the "dialectic of the soul" of Bolkonsky and Bezukhov, told us how difficult a person's path to truth, truth, love is. His heroes made mistakes, suffered, suffered, but this is the idea of human self-improvement.

PROBLEM: Courage, heroism, moral duty, patriotism

B.Vasiliev, "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

Female anti-aircraft gunners, destroying a squad of saboteurs, died, despite the numerical superiority of the enemy.

B. Polevoy, "The Story of a Real Man"

The pilot Alesei Maresyev, thanks to his fortitude and courage, not only survived after the amputation of his legs, but also became a full-fledged person, returned to his squadron.

Vorobiev, the story "Killed near Moscow"

The Kremlin cadets, having shown courage and heroism, fulfilled their patriotic duty, defending the approaches to Moscow. Lieutenant Yastrebov is the only one who survived.

M. Sholokhov, story "The Fate of a Man"

The hero of the story, Andrei Sokolov, went through the entire war: he fought bravely, was in captivity, and fled. He honorably fulfilled his civic duty. The war took his family away from him, but, fortunately, fate gave him a meeting with Vanyushka, who became his son.

V. Bykov "Crane cry"

Vasily Glechik, still quite a boy, did not leave his position during the war. The idea of salvation was unacceptable to him. He did not violate the order of the battalion commander, fulfilled it at the cost of his own life, remained faithful to the oath and duty to his homeland.

(56 words) Feat is a loud word. But this is exactly how one can describe the act of Guli Koroleva, described in the book dedicated to her "The Fourth Height" by Elena Ilyina. During the battle, she carried 50 wounded soldiers from the field, and after the death of the commander, she took command. And even being mortally wounded, she continued to fight until her last breath. One can only admire the courage of this girl.
(47 words) Despite the fact that the hero of A. Tvardovsky's poem "Vasily Terkin" does not consider his deed a heroic deed, he can be considered a hero. The man, not paying attention to the big risk, selflessly swims across the river to convey an important report to the command. It could have cost him his life, but he still decided on this act.
(48 words) M. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" raises the theme of not only a military feat, but also a moral one. Driver Andrei Sokolov, being at the front, learns about the death of his entire family. Despite this, he found the strength not to break down and adopt an orphaned boy. The strength of character of the hero cannot but amaze.
(50 words) The story of B. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ..." tells about the military feat of a whole group. During reconnaissance, the female detachment and the foreman have to engage in a desperate battle with the enemy. Each of the women dies heroically and painfully. Even realizing the danger, they burst out to the front and sacrificed their lives on an equal basis with men.
(52 words) "The Story of a Real Man" by B. Polevoy has such a title for a reason. The author tells about the real story of the pilot Alexei Meresiev. The hero was shot down on a fighter plane over the territory occupied by the Germans, through the forests he tried to find his way back, until he came out to his own. Even having lost both legs, the man continues to repulse the enemy. Such a person can truly be called great, and his deed - a heroic deed.
(61 words) In the story "Obelisk" by V. Bykov, a controversial attitude to the hero's deed arises. During the war, teacher Ales Morozov creates an anti-fascist group with his students. Not listening to the teacher, the guys commit the murder of a cruel policeman. After their capture, Alesya is offered to surrender voluntarily. The man comes, realizing that the disciples will not be released. Subsequently, they are all executed. Years later, someone considers this act reckless, and the witness of the events - a feat.
(44 words) In the epic novel War and Peace, L.N. Tolstoy shows us that the feat is not always noticeable. Captain Tushin, who practically took the bullets on himself, was reprimanded for leaving without an order, although the brave resistance of his battery shocked even the enemy. The feat was noticed only thanks to the intercession of Prince Andrew.
(52 words) Thomas Keneally's novel Schindler's Ark tells the story of a real person - the German Oskar Schindler. The man saved a huge number of Jews during the Holocaust. He hired them illegally as his workers, hiding them from persecution. After the surrender of Germany, the hero was forced to flee, but entire generations of Jews remained grateful to him for the moral feat he had accomplished.
(53 words) "Alpine Ballad" by V. Bykov is a story about bitter self-sacrifice. Ivan Treshka, who accidentally escaped the concentration camp, meets Julia. The sudden feeling that flared up between them is interrupted by the fascists pursuing them. Here the hero accomplishes his feat: hitting a dead end, Ivan saves the girl, throwing her from the gorge into a snowdrift, while he himself remains at the mercy, sacrificing his life.
(59 words) B. Vasiliev's story "Not on the lists" tells about the defense of the Brest Fortress. Undoubtedly, all who repulsed the enemy in that battle accomplished a feat. But the only surviving lieutenant Pluzhnikov amazes with his resilience. Having lost his comrades, he continues to fight bravely. But even being taken prisoner, he so delighted the fascists with his courage that they took off their caps in front of him.

Examples from life, cinema and media

(57 words) In the film "Boy in Striped Pajamas", the son of a concentration camp commandant, befriends a Jewish boy on the other side of the fence. In the end, the parents find out about this and insist on moving. Nevertheless, the boy manages to get over the fence to help his friend in search of his father. Despite the tragic outcome of events, even such a sincere desire to help can be considered a feat.
(41 words) Rescuers or firefighters are constantly risking their lives to save strangers. Each shift is a new test. Such work requires incredible courage and fearlessness, it takes a lot of nerves. Often they themselves do not consider it a feat, but for the people who receive their help, they are real heroes.
(42 words) Not all feats are of a huge scale. A boy who is afraid of heights, but removes a small kitten from a tree, also performs a feat. He fights his fear, steps over it in order to ultimately save a defenseless animal. Within himself, he overcomes a great obstacle. It deserves respect.
(56 words) Once my friend and I were sunbathing on the beach. Nearby, in shallow water, a girl was wandering, but suddenly she abruptly disappeared from sight. We got worried and my friend went to check the place. It turned out that there was a double bottom - she fell and began to sink. The friend, not afraid of danger, dived after her and saved her life. I consider this a real feat.
(43 words) The feat can be completely different. My friend constantly helps stray animals. I can call it a feat, as she genuinely cares about them, takes them home and keeps them warm and comfortable. Despite all the difficulties, she picks up the rejected pets, keeping them alive.
(47 words) Once I came across an article about a young man who saved a little girl who fell out of a window. The guy just walked by, reacted incredibly quickly and managed to catch the child. By this action, he accomplished a real feat. Heroes are among us. And they do not wear developing raincoats at all, but ordinary jeans and T-shirts.
(42 words) In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows II, the protagonist accomplishes an incredible feat when he decides to sacrifice his life to save the entire wizarding world. He meets the main evil face to face. Regardless of the persuasion of his friends who are ready to fight, Harry remains unmoved.
(40 words) I have always considered adoption of a child a moral feat. I admire how people are able to take on such a responsibility, to give love and warmth to a step-offspring. Such a feat was accomplished by my uncle and aunt. I respect them immensely for such a difficult and generous decision.
(47 words) People are very often attached to their pets. The hero of the story I came across on a news site was so eager to protect his pet that he rushed at the bear when it attacked his puppy. The man showed inhuman courage, thanks to which his favorite remained alive. This can be called a real feat.
(62 words) In my opinion, Stephen Hawking's first wife accomplished an incredible feat. Jane did not leave the scientist when he began to develop a disease that subsequently led to paralysis. She continued to care for him as long as possible, gave him three children, literally devoted her entire youth to him. Even though the couple divorced many years later, this choice of a woman still fascinates me.

Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

The school year has come to an end. It's time for exams for the 11th grade students. As you know, in order to get a school certificate, you need to pass two main exams: in mathematics and the Russian language. But also a few more items to choose from.

The nuances of the essay in the Russian language on the exam

To get the maximum points for the delivery, you need to correctly write an essay, that is, the third part. Part C contains many essay topics. The exam organizers offer written papers on friendship, love, childhood, motherhood, science, duty, honor, and so on. One of the most challenging topics is the issue of courage and resilience. You will find the arguments to it in our article. But that is not all. Your attention is also offered a plan according to which it is necessary to write an essay for the exam in the Russian language in grade 11.

Many authors have written about the war. Only, unfortunately, these works, like many others, do not linger in the memory of children. We invite you to recall the brightest works in which you can find examples of courage and heroism.

The plan of the final essay for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language

The reviewing teachers give a large number of points for an essay that has the correct composition. If you use our courage writing plan, teachers will appreciate your work. But don't forget about literacy.

Remember that an essay on the Russian language on the unified state exam differs significantly from written work on social studies, history and literature. It should be compositionally correct.

And we are moving on to a plan for a future essay on the problem of courage and perseverance. The arguments will be given below.

1. Introduction. Why do you think it is needed? The point is that the graduate needs to bring the examiner to the main problem that is discussed in the text. Typically, this is a small paragraph of 3-5 sentences on the topic.

2. Statement of the problem. In this part, the graduate writes that he has identified the problem. Attention! When you specify it, then think carefully and find the arguments in the text (there are about 3 of them in the fragment).

3. Commentary of the graduate. At this point, the student explains to the reader the problem of the read text, and also characterizes it. The volume of this item is no more than 7 sentences.

5. Own point of view. At this point, the student must write - whether he agrees with the author of the text or not. In any case, your answer needs to be substantiated, in our case, on the issue of courage and resilience. The arguments are given in the next paragraph.

6. Evidence from works of art or arguments from life. Most teachers insist that graduates give 2-3 arguments from works of fiction.

7. Conclusion. As a rule, it consists of 3 sentences. At this point, the task of the graduate is to draw a conclusion to all that has been said above, that is, to summarize. The conclusion will sound more effective if you end the essay with a rhetorical question.

Many examinees note that the argumentation point is the most difficult for them. Therefore, we have selected examples of courage for you in the literature.

Mikhail Sholokhov. The story "The fate of a man"

You can also show stamina in captivity. Soviet soldier Andrei Sokolov is captured. He then ends up in a death camp. One evening, the camp commandant summons him and invites him to raise a glass of vodka for the victory of the Nazi weapon. Sokolov refuses to do this. Among them was a drunken Müller. He offers the prisoner to drink to his own destruction.

Andrei agreed, took a glass and drank it right there, without having a bite. Exhaling heavily, he said: "List me." The company of drunken German officers appreciated the courage and resilience. Argument # 1 for your essay is ready. It should be noted that this story ended successfully for the captured soldier Sokolov.

Lev Tolstoy. Epic novel "War and Peace"

The problem of courage was considered not only in the literature of the second half of the twentieth century, but also a century earlier. When we read this novel in literature lessons, we involuntarily became witnesses of the courage and resilience of the Russian people. Leo Tolstoy wrote that during the battle the command did not tell the soldiers what to do. Everything went by itself. The wounded soldiers were taken to the medical aid stations, the bodies of the dead were taken to the front line, and the ranks of the fighters closed again.

We see that people did not want to say goodbye to life. But they overcame fear, kept fighting spirit under the flying bullets. It was in this that courage and resilience were manifested. Argument # 2 is ready.

Boris Vasiliev. The story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

We continue to consider the arguments for the essay. This time a brave girl during the Great Patriotic War will demonstrate a lesson in courage to readers. In this story, Boris Vasiliev writes about a detachment of girls who died, but still managed to win, because they did not allow a single enemy warrior to return to their native land. This victory took place because they selflessly and sincerely loved their homeland.

Komelkova Evgeniya is the heroine of the story. A young, strong and courageous girl from the fighters of the story. Comic and dramatic episodes are associated with her name. In her character, traits of benevolence and optimism, cheerfulness and confidence are manifested. But the most important feature is hatred of the enemy. It is she who attracts the attention of readers, arouses their admiration. Only Zhenya had the courage to summon enemy fire in order to ward off a mortal threat from the wounded Rita and Fedot. Not everyone can forget such a lesson in courage.

Boris Polevoy. "The Story of a Real Man"

We would like to bring to your attention another striking work telling about the Great Patriotic War, the heroism and firmness of character of the Soviet pilot Maresyev.

In general, in the arsenal of Boris Polevoy, there are many works where the author considers the problem of courage and resilience.

Arguments for the composition:

In this story, the author writes about the Soviet pilot Maresyev. It so happened that he survived the plane crash, but was left without legs. This did not stop him from returning to life. The man stood on his prostheses. Maresyev again returned to his life's work - to flying.

We have considered the problem of courage and resilience. We have given the arguments. Good luck on your exam!

Essay plan

To begin with, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the plan for the correct essay, which, if all the points are available, will bring you the maximum possible points.

Introduction. What is the purpose of this paragraph? We need to smoothly lead our reader to the main problem raised in the text. This is a small paragraph, which consists of three or four sentences, but clearly refers to the topic of your essay.
Problem identification. In this part, we say that we have read the text proposed for analysis and identified one of the problems. When you point out a problem, think about the arguments ahead of time. As a rule, there are two or more of them in the text, choose the most advantageous one for you.
Your comment. Need to explain describe it. This should take you no more than seven sentences.
Note the position of the author, what he thinks and how he relates to the problem. Is he trying to do something about it?
Your position. You must write whether you agree with the author of the text or not, justify your answer.
Arguments. There should be two of them (from literature, history, personal experience). Educators still suggest making a reliance on arguments from literature.
Conclusion of no more than three sentences. Draw a conclusion to everything you said, summarize. Possible and such an ending as a rhetorical question. It will make you think, and the essay will be finished quite effectively.

As you can see from the plan, the hardest part is argumentation. Now we will select examples for the problem of courage, we will use exclusively literary sources.

"The fate of man"

"And the dawns here are quiet"

The story of a real man

Which is found in many and in the "Tale of a Real Man" by Boris Polevoy.

Despite the large number of obstacles, Meresiev regained wings. The heroism and dedication of the hero can only be envied.

"Not on the lists"

Of the many topics that are provided in the Russian language exam for writing an essay, one can especially highlight the topic "Heroism".

The goal of Russian education is to raise a person worthy and intelligent, who knows what he wants to achieve in life, a true patriot of his country. The growth of requirements for the quality of the educational level of the population of the Russian Federation led to the introduction of the Unified State Exam, designed to test the knowledge of schoolchildren.

The unified state exam measures the knowledge of graduates after graduation, on the way to higher education, in various branches of science.

One of the most important subjects in the country for which schoolchildren are examined is the Russian language. This is literally the pillar on which the country is based, because only people who have their own system of oral communication can be considered a single people.

What is heroism

Heroism, in the understanding of people, is the accomplishment of a great feat by a person in the name of other people.

Heroes are not those who were born with this intention, but those who have become shoulder to shoulder for a common goal, driven by the concept of justice.

Self-sacrifice in the name of a good cause bringing peace and prosperity to humanity is also considered heroism.

Accordingly, a hero is a person who performs a feat out of love for his neighbor, actively creates the fate of the world and is prone to altruistic behavior. From the point of view of psychology, this concept can denote any individual who commits a noble deed, overcoming his own fears and doubts.

Examples of heroic behavior can be found not only in literary sources, but also in the environment. The works telling about the heroes' exploits are often based on events taken from life.

The problem of heroism - arguments from the literature for the exam

The problem of heroism and the formation of a person's personality as a hero was raised in their creations by many writers.

The most famous are the following works of Russian authors: B. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet", M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" and B. Polevoy "The Story of a Real Man".

Less known in modern Russia is the story "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya" by V. Uspensky, which is based on the story of a young pioneer who, together with her friends, joined a partisan detachment and died heroically under torture by the Nazis.

The story of B. Polevoy is based on a real-life story about the pilot Alexei Maresyev. Downed in enemy territory, he was able to pass through the forest thicket. Due to the fact that in extreme conditions there was no one to provide first aid, the man lost both legs, however, overcoming his own imperfection for the sake of love for the sky, he was able to learn how to fly an airplane wearing prostheses.

"The Fate of a Man" tells the story of Andrei, who defended his native Motherland from Nazi Germany. Despite the news of the death of people close to him, the main character was able to withstand, not surrender to the horrors of war. The ability to empathize with people was preserved in him, despite the hardships and hardships that fate presented. This is most clearly expressed in his act: Andrei adopted a boy who had lost his family.

The heroes of the book "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" are ordinary people who, by the will of fate, were in the forefront of the battle for the country. They could have survived, but their strongest desire was to protect their homeland, so their death was worthy.

Foreign literature also presents many creations based on the heroism of ordinary people. You can highlight the arguments from the works of famous authors.

A classic example is E. Hemingway's story "For Whom the Bell Tolls", where two people from different worlds meet - a bomber and an ordinary girl. Robert, who died in the explosion of the bridge, who knows that he is going to certain death, but has not retreated from the task entrusted to him, and Maria, who more and more clearly understands that she will not see her lover, but lets him go for the sake of a great goal - to put an end to the war that is tearing the country apart for parts. Which of them can be considered a real hero?

Another classic example of heroism can be considered the story of D. London "Love for Life". A person in this creation does not save anyone but himself, but his courage, dedication and will to preserve life deserve the deepest respect, since many people who faced the betrayal of friends, finding themselves in a hostile area, would surrender to the will of circumstances.

The problem of true and false heroism according to Tolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is one of the most famous Russian writers and thinkers, one of the greatest novelists in the world

For example, true heroism always comes "from the heart", is full of depth and purity of thoughts; false heroism manifests itself as a desire to "show off" without having deep motives inside. According to the classics of Russian literature, a person who commits a heroic act in order to be positively appreciated by others cannot be a real hero.

Bolkonsky is an example here, who strives to accomplish "a beautiful feat, certainly appreciated by other people."

True heroism lies in the fact that a person steps over his ego, not caring how beautiful he will look in the eyes of other people, and does everything possible for the well-being of the common cause.

Heroism of a Russian woman and mother

A woman in the literature of her native country is a collective image of several roles: mother, wife, daughter.

An example of the heroism of a Russian young lady is the wives of the Decembrists, who followed their beloved husbands, who were exiled to distant, practically uninhabited lands.

Women brought up according to the laws of a secular society, where exile means shame, were not afraid to leave their comfortable conditions in the wilderness.

The second example of the heroism of a Russian woman is Vera Rozaltseva from the novel by Chernyshevsky "What is to be done?" The heroine is a qualitatively new type of emancipated lady. She is not afraid of difficulties and actively implements her own ideas, while helping other girls.

If we consider female heroism on the example of a mother, then we can single out the story of V. Zakrutkin "Human Mother". Maria, a simple Russian woman who lost her family because of the Nazis, loses her will to live. The inhumanity of war makes her "petrified in heart", but the heroine finds the strength to live on and begins to help orphans, who also grieve for their departed relatives.

The image of the Mother, presented in the story, is deeply humane in relation to people. The author of the work presented to the reader such a quality of a woman as love for humanity, indivisible by nationality, faith, etc.

Heroism during the Great Patriotic War

The war with Germany brought many new names to the board of honor, some of which became such posthumously. The outbreak of a fire of indignation at the inhumanity and unprincipledness of the SS Fuhrer's troops is manifested in the partisan methods of waging war.

There are two types of heroes during the Second World War:

partisans;
soldiers of the Army of the Soviet Union.

The first include the following people:

Marat Kazei. After the Nazis killed his mother for harboring partisans, he left to fight with his sister in the partisan headquarters. For his courage he was awarded a medal in 1943, died the following year at the age of 14 while performing a mission;
Lenya Golikov. He joined the partisan detachment in 1942. For numerous exploits, it was decided to award the hero with a medal, but he did not manage to get it. In 1943, he was killed along with the detachment;
Zina Portnova. She became a scout in 1943. She was caught on assignment and tortured a lot. In 1944, she was shot.

The second group includes the following people:

Alexander Matrosov. He closed the embrasure with his body, allowing the detachment to pass through to carry out a combat mission;
Ivan Panfilov. The division under his leadership fought bravely at Volokolamsk, repelling enemy attacks for six days;
Nikolay Gastello. He sent a burning plane to the enemy troops. Died with honor.

In addition to people known for their exploits and participation in the war, a huge number of heroes were never named by the country due to ignorance about them.

The problem of courage and heroism of sailors

War does not happen only on land. It captures both the firmament and the expanses of water. This is the inherent power of the destructive element - to involve everyone and everything in their networks. People of the opposing sides collided not only on the ground, but also in the water.

V. Kataev "Flag". The Nazis offer to surrender to the Russian team of sailors, however, the latter, realizing that they will die if they do not surrender, still decide in favor of the battle, defending the city;
VM Bogomolov "Flight" Swallows ". While ferrying ammunition across the river, the swallow steamer is fired upon by the fascist troops, as a result of this action the mine hits the barge. Realizing the fact of danger, the captain, driven by the idea of protecting his homeland, turns the steering wheel and directs the steamer towards the enemy.

Russian writers focus on the decision of people whose main quality is courage. Courageous high-risk behavior is still relevant today.

Courage and heroism today

There are heroes at any time, regardless of the circumstances of their environment. Nowadays, the names of those who performed a feat in the name of humanity are engraved on the honor board.

These are ordinary children in everyday life and heroes in extreme situations:

Evgeny Tabakov. At the age of seven, he saved his sister from a maniac, while receiving a fatal wound;
Julia Korol. She showed the highest level of courage in saving her comrades as a result of the tragedy on Syamozero;
Sasha Ershova. In the event of an accident in the water park, she kept a little girl above the water, preventing her from drowning.

In the annals of the history of our days, not only the children presented above are inscribed, but also many other modern people who actively help in situations of high risk to those who turned out to be weaker than the circumstances.

Of great importance in stories with a heroic way of life is the correct upbringing of their children by parents. After all, the maturation of the future personality depends on how well the relatives will convey the norms and values to the child.

How to write an essay on the theme "Heroism of the Russian people"

The heroic deeds of people over the course of many generations have formed into the history of the exploits of the Russian state. Students who need to take a profile exam in the Russian language write an essay when they finish 9th grade.

"How to write a creative assignment correctly?" - this question worries many schoolchildren who want to show the maximum result during testing.

Any essay on a given topic is always based on a goal and a plan. The purpose of the essay is given in the assignment to it. The plan is developed by the student himself, usually it involves breaking the work into stages of work on it.

What does the composition plan consist of:

Introduction.
Main part.
Conclusion.

In addition to the main stages, the student should think about what arguments he will refer to when writing an essay; relevant presentation of information that the student would like to convey to the reader; correct use of the means of the Russian language in the text.

For example, consider the theme of the heroism of the Russian people on the example of Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Don". It is based on the history of the world of the White Guards fighting for their ideals. They are doomed by history to disappear, but fearlessly fight against the bitter truth of communism, forcibly implanted in the Cossack Don.

The epic clearly shows the problems that worried people of that time: the split of the population into two fronts (White and Red Guards), the desire to defend their truth, everyday life and established order; clash of ideals of different groups of the population.

Sholokhov show the internal evolution of the heroes of his novel, their changes over time: both internal and external. For example, at first Dunyasha appears to the audience as a "girl with pigtails", at the end of the novel - as a whole person who has independently chosen her own path. Dunya, a descendant of a White Guard, chooses the communist who killed her brother as her husband.

The girl is an example of the highest sacrifice and heroism, as she is not afraid to step over the outdated stereotypes of society.

Conclusion

Each person decides for himself who to call a hero. S. Marshak, for example, in his poem about an unknown rescuer, draws the reader's attention to the fact that such a hero can be any passer-by.

L. Tolstoy in his epic distinguishes between the concepts of true and false heroism. False heroism, according to the writer, is the desire to show off to the public, while the real feat of a person begins with the pure thoughts of his soul.

Any person can become a hero, regardless of the circumstances. After all, no one knows what kind of life the little partisans would have lived if the Patriotic War had not happened in the 40s of the last century.

The most important thing in life is to be a person worthy of yourself; respect yourself as a person; strive for the stars and help people lost in life.

Reasoning about correct behavior is nothing without practical application. Big things always start with small things. Becoming a hero begins with helping those in need.

Literature work "the theme of childhood in Russian literature of the twentieth century"

Arguments for composing the exam