Presentation on the topic of units of measurement. Presentation on the topic "Measuring information

Item: Informatics

Lesson topic: Units of information

Lesson type: lesson of generalization, systematization and control of knowledge, lesson using gaming technologies.

Lesson format: lesson-game. The competitive form of constructing a lesson allows you to concentrate and intensify the attention of students to a greater extent, and acts as an additional incentive for learning activities.

Time spending: single lesson.

Technology: personality-oriented, playful, health-saving

Lesson equipment: computer, multimedia projector.

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

Summarize students' knowledge about the representation of information in computer memory.

Strengthen the skill of converting from one unit of measurement to another.

Secure finding the information volume of messages.

Developmental:

Development of cognitive interest, speech and attention of students.

Formation of information competence.

Educational:

Cultivating in students interest in the subject, goodwill, and the ability to work in a team.

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Slide captions:

UNITS OF INFORMATION MEASUREMENT
Class: 8Informatics teacher MBOU Solchursk Secondary School of Ovursky District of the Republic of TyvaMongush Larisa Mikhailovna
Lesson objectives:
Summarize knowledge about the representation of information in computer memory; Strengthen the skill of translating from one unit of measurement to another; Strengthen finding the information volume of messages; Develop the ability to build logical diagrams and connections; Develop interest in the subject.
You know the units of length. These are millimeters, centimeters, meters and kilometers.
Mass is measured in grams, kilograms, centners and tons.
Angles are measured in degrees.
Time – in seconds, minutes and hours.
A bit is the smallest unit of measurement introduced by Claude Shannon (American engineer and mathematician).
The computer does not “understand” human language. Therefore, each character is encoded. The PC “understands” only zeros and ones - with the help of them information is presented on the computer. These “zeros and ones” are called a bit.
A bit can take one of two values - 0 or 1. Eight of these bits are enough to give uniqueness to any character, and there can be 256 such sequences of 8 bits, which is enough to display any character.
Therefore – 1 character = 8 bits. But information is not counted in symbols or bits. Information is counted in bytes, where 1 character = 8 bits = 1 byte. A byte is a unit of information.
1 byte = 23bit=8 bits 1 KB = 210 bytes = 1024 bytes 1 MB = 210 KB = 1024 KB 1 GB = 210 MB = 1024 MB 1 TB = 210 GB = 1024 GB
Units of information
And so you can imagine what these units of measurement are, listen!
5 bits – a letter in a crossword cell. 1 byte – a symbol entered from the keyboard. 6 bytes – the average size of a word in text in Russian. 50 bytes – a line of text. 2 KB – a page of typewritten text. 100 KB – a low-resolution photograph1 MB - a small art book. 100 MB - a meter-long book with shelves. 1 GB - read by a person in his entire life. 3 GB - an hour of high-quality video recording.
Information volume of storage media:
Floppy disk - 1.44 MB; CD  700 MB; DVD disc – up to 17 GB (standard – 4.7 GB); hard drive – from 20 GB to 80 GB or more (standard 80 GB); Flash memory – 256 MB – 2 GB.
LARGE UNIT
Conversion from large units to small ones
12 bytes =
SMALL UNIT
*
Convert to bits:
LARGE UNIT
24 bits =
SMALL UNIT
:
Conversion from small units to large ones
Convert to bytes:
1 byte – character entered from the keyboard.
A symbol in a computer is any letter, number, punctuation mark, mathematical sign, or special symbol.
COMPUTER SCIENCE
How many characters does this word contain? How much information does this message have?
Find the information volume of the word INFORMATICS
Solution
INFORMATION SCIENCE – 11 characters, therefore, this message carries an information volume equal to: 11 characters * 1 byte = 11 bytes or 11 * 1 * 8 = 88 bits.
Question 100 Name the largest of the proposed units of measurement of information.
A) byte
D) megabyte
B) kilobyte
B) bit
Question for 100 Arrange in ascending order the unit of measurement of information
A) byte
D) megabyte
B) kilobyte
B) bit
Question for 200 Calculate the information volume of the message “Congratulations to the school on its 70th anniversary!”
1 byte
34 bytes
38 bytes
38 bit
Question for 200Compare
8 bits and 1 byte
1024 KB and 1024 bits
1 byte
8 bit
1 GB
1024 MB
Question 300 Match
1 KB
1024 KB
1 MB
1024 MB
___ GB = 1536 MB = _______Kbytes
Question 400 Fill in the blanks with numbers
________ bits = 3584 bytes = ____ KB
Homework:
1. Find information about other units of measurement of information.2. Compose a fairy tale about units of measurement of information
A source of information:
http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?p=1&text=%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%20%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD %D0%BE%D0%BD%20%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE&pos=42&uinfo=sw-1135-sh-773-fw-910-fh-567-pd-1&rpt=simage&img_url =http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmystery.de%2Fi%2Ft515743_3c97cd_Shannon-Life-p38-x640.jpg http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82 %D0%BE%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8&uinfo=sw-1135-sh-773-fw-910-fh-567 -pd-1 http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?p=1&text=%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD %D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8&pos=34&uinfo=sw-1135-sh-773-fw-910-fh-567-pd-1&rpt=simage&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fimg0.liveinternet .ru%2Fimages%2Fattach%2Fc%2F5%2F84%2F810%2F84810200_1331894290_1.jpg http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD&pos=5&uinfo =sw-1135-sh-773-fw-910-fh-567-pd-1&rpt=simage&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Flifeglobe.net%2Fmedia%2Fentry%2F347%2Fradionetplus_ru_jivnoct23_3.jpg http://images.yandex. ru/yandsearch?text=%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8B&pos=8&uinfo=sw-1135-sh-773-fw-910-fh-567-pd-1&rpt=simage&img_url=http%3A %2F%2Fwww.1kran.ru%2Fimages%2Fvrnc10.jpg http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8F&pos=3&uinfo=sw-1135 -sh-773-fw-910-fh-567-pd-1&rpt=simage&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-port.com%2Fmediafiles%2Fitems%2F2011%2F02%2F57369%2F8fce1db8de12064673ed0028ff4829ea_L.jpg http:// images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?p=1&text=%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&pos=32&uinfo=sw-1135-sh-773-fw-910-fh-567-pd-1&rpt =simage&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fhcl.harvard.edu%2Fhfa%2Fimages%2Ffilms%2F2011aprjun%2Ffisher_phi.jpg http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1 %81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&pos=9&uinfo=sw-1135-sh-773 -fw-910-fh-567-pd-1&rpt=simage&img_url=http%3A%2F%2Fimg-fotki.yandex.ru%2Fget%2F5908%2Fcoto48.20%2F0_61414_c9de1a35_XL
Literature:
N.D. Ugrinovich, Computer Science and ICT, 8th grade - M. BINOM Knowledge Laboratory, 2010. Bosova L. L. Interesting tasks in computer science. - M. BINOM Knowledge Laboratory, 2006. P.A. Yakushkin, V.R. Leshchiner, D.P. Kiriyenko, Preparation for the Unified State Exam. Typical test tasks, 2012 M: Publishing House "Exam"

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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RESEARCH WORK “OLD UNITS OF MEASUREMENT” Scientific supervisor Anna Nikolaevna Belousova, mathematics teacher of MAOU “Secondary School No. 42” Ulan-Ude 2016

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In everyday life, people encounter mathematical quantities every day, without thinking, they make various calculations. Everyone is familiar with modern units of measurement. They are convenient and understandable. I wonder how they measured it in Rus' in the old days? Why are ancient units of measurement not used in our time? Is knowledge of ancient measures necessary in a modern school? These questions served as the basis for choosing the topic of the work. Goal: to study the possibility and feasibility of using ancient Russian measures in modern life. Objectives: 1. Study ancient Russian measures of length, mass, area, volume. 2. Collect and process the material. 3. Select and compose tasks. The object of study is ancient Russian measures. The subject of the study is the use of ancient Russian measures of length, mass, area and volume. Hypothesis - ancient Russian measures are inconvenient to use, but it is necessary to know the relationship between ancient Russian measures and modern units of measurement of quantities, as this will help to more easily understand the content of educational and artistic texts.

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Ancient Units of Length A line is a very small ancient unit of length, equal to 2.54 mm (0.1 in) or the width of a grain of wheat. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ordered that pillars with eagles on top be placed along the road leading from the Kaluga outpost of Moscow to the summer palace in the village of Kolomenskoye, at a distance of 700 fathoms from each other. Later they began to talk about a tall and lanky man “as tall as a Kolomna mile” Standard Russian wooden milepost of the early 19th century Naval mile

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At the end of the 18th century, the French measured the distance overland from the city of Dunkirk on the northern coast of France to Barcelona in southern Spain. The line was drawn through Paris. They decided to consider one ten-millionth of a quarter of the French meridian as a unit of measurement and called it the meter. Along with the meter, the metric system was born. In 1875, it was adopted by 17 countries, including Russia. French revolutionaries saw education of the masses as one of the main tasks of the revolution. Therefore, they placed marble meter standards in frequently visited places in Paris. Two of them have survived to this day.

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Berkovets = 10 poods Pud = 40 pounds = 16.38 kg Pound = 96 spools = 0.41 kg Lot = 3 spools = 12.797 g Spool = 4.27 g Share = 0.044 g Units of mass measurement BERKOVETS ZOLOTNIK POUND LOT PUD

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Units of area measurement are 1 square. verst = 250,000 square fathoms = 1.138 sq. kilometers 1 dessiatine = 2400 square fathoms = 1.093 hectares 1 kopn = 0.1 dessiatine 1 sq. fathom = 16 square arshins = 4.552 sq. meters 1 sq. arshin = 0.5058 sq. meters 1 sq. vershok = 19.76 sq. cm 1 sq. ft = 9.29 sq. inches = 0.0929 sq. m 1 sq. inch = 6.452 sq. centimeter 1 sq. line = 6.452 sq. millimeters Volume units Bucket = 1/40 barrel = 10 mugs = 30 pounds of water = 20 vodka bottles = 16 wine bottles = 100 glasses = 200 scales = 12 liters. Barrel = 40 buckets = 492

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Ancient Russian units of measurement in proverbs and sayings “This is not a pound of raisins for you,” is a humorous expression about some difficult matter. “A pound must yield,” that is, one must have respect for elders, more knowledgeable, experienced. “Two inches from the pot, and already a pointer” - a young man who has no life experience, but arrogantly teaches everyone. “Don’t give in an inch” - don’t give up even the smallest thing. “Seven spans in the forehead” is about a very smart person. “He’s as tall as a fingernail, but with a beard as long as his elbows” - about a person of unenviable appearance, but enjoying authority due to his intelligence, social status or life experience. “Every merchant measures by his own yardstick” - everyone judges any business one-sidedly, based on his own interests. “An arshin's worth of beard, but an inch's worth of intelligence” - about an adult, but stupid person. “Oblique fathoms in the shoulders” is a broad-shouldered, tall man. “He sees three arshins into the ground” - about an attentive, perspicacious person, from whom nothing can be hidden. “If you fall behind by a mile, you will catch up by ten” - even a small gap is very difficult to overcome. “The spool is small, but expensive” - this is what they say about something insignificant in appearance, but very valuable. “Hay is worth pounds, and gold is worth spools” - each thing has its own specific value. “You know a person when you eat a pound of salt with him” - it takes a lot of time to understand another person.

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Old Russian units of measurement in literary works The famous Danish storyteller H. C. Andersen wrote the fairy tale “Thumbelina”. Andersen said about her this way: “She was so tender, small, only an inch tall, and they called her Thumbelina.” Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov wrote a fairy tale in verse, in which he also used ancient Russian measures of length. “And I’m also looking at a horse that’s only three inches tall, with two humps on its back, and ears as big as a yard.” A. S. Pushkin “The Tale of Tsar Saltan...” God gave them a son in arshin, and the queen is over the child, like an eagle over an eaglet; She sends a messenger with a letter to please her father. N. A. Nekrasov “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares” Every minute the water was getting closer to the poor animals; Already under them there was less than an arshin of land in width, less than a fathom in length. S. Ya. Marshak “The Tale of the Goat” Hey, don’t cry, grandma and grandpa! I’ll feed you lunch and bake a mushroom pie two arshins wide.

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Questioning of 5th grade students of MAOU "Secondary School No. 42" Questionnaire for FI students, grade 1. Are you familiar with modern units of measurement? Yes No 2. Are you familiar with ancient units of measurement? Yes No 3. Is knowledge of ancient measures necessary in the modern world? Yes No Questionnaire for parents 1. Are you familiar with modern units of measurement? Yes No 2. Are you familiar with ancient units of measurement? Yes No 3. Is knowledge of ancient measures necessary in the modern world? Not really

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1. In 1847, the painter Popov made a wooden icon of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary for the Annunciation chapel of the Ilyinskaya Church, based on a drawing of his own composition, 2 arshins high and 1 arshin wide. Find the perimeter of the frame for this icon. Express your answer in meters. Solution: 1) (2+ 1) ∙ 2 = 6 (arshinov) - perimeter 2) 71.12 ∙ 6 = 433.2 (cm) Answer: P = 426.72 cm 2. In 1887, the oil mills of N. N. Botalova and D. S. Grokhotova purchased 500 pounds of flaxseed per year. How many kg of seed will they purchase in 5 years? Solution: 1) 500 x 5 = 2500 (pounds) 2) 16.38 x 2500 = 40.950 (kg) Answer: They will purchase 40.950 kg in 5 years. 3. In 1558, Ivan IV granted Grigory Stroganov “empty” lands from the mouth of the Lysva River down both banks of the Kama to the mouth of Chusovaya and all the rivers flowing into it for 88 miles. According to later estimates, 3,400,000 acres of land. How many hectares of land did Ivan IV grant to Grigory Stroganov? Answer: Ivan IV granted 3,716,200 hectares of land to Grigory Stroganov. 4. 1 jug held 1 bucket. The barrel held 6 times more than the jug. And the tub contains 4 buckets less than the tub. How many liters did 6 buckets hold if 1 bucket held 12 liters? Answer: 144 liters fit into 6 tubs. PROBLEMS WITH OLD UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

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Conclusions Having studied the literature and conducted a survey, I found out that many Russian units of measurement originated from units of Western and Eastern countries. In modern Russian, ancient units of measurement and words denoting them have been preserved mainly in the form of proverbs and sayings. Knowledge of ancient measures is necessary for general development. Currently, many countries around the world have a unified international system of units (international system - SI), which facilitates foreign policy, economic and trade relations between countries. The hypothesis put forward was confirmed. Ancient Russian measures are inconvenient to use, but it is necessary to know the relationship between ancient Russian measures and modern units of measurement. Thank you for your attention!

Lesson-workshop "Units of area measurement"

Make up the formula (use the letters suggested on the cards to form a formula)

Guys, we studied a lot of topics: rectangle, square, area of a rectangle, square, units of area. Today we will conduct a generalizing lesson, the goal of our lesson is to summarize and consolidate the acquired knowledge, namely, our task for the lesson is to develop the skill of using formulas to calculate the areas of a rectangle, square, complex figures, converting units of measurement., and also in the lesson you will share your knowledge, show the application of mathematics in a variety of fields and the need to study this important subject

Repair

We very often talked about the practical application of mathematical knowledge in human life. Now we will once again be convinced that mathematics plays a huge role in human life. Look at the objects: a roll of wallpaper, a can of paint, a brush. What do they remind you of? Correct repair. Today we will start planning a classroom renovation.

Work plan

Measuring the length, width and height of the room, door size and window size
Calculation of the area of the surface to be pasted (window area) and the area of one roll of wallpaper
Calculating the ceiling area and counting the amount of paint
Calculating the door area and counting the amount of paint

Well, our plan of action is clear. It remains to determine what mathematical knowledge will help us in our work?

How Calculate the area of a rectangle?

How to calculate the area of a square?

List the units of measurement for areas

mm cm m km ar ha

Necessity forced man already in ancient times to measure not only length, distance, but also area. In ordinary life, we refer to a large open space as a square. But we also know that there is an area near the table top, the notebook, the classroom floor, and the plot of land. That is, area is the space that a figure occupies on a plane.

To measure the area, the Russian people had their own special standards: a shock, a howl, a plow, a tithe. We do not currently use these measures. The student will introduce us to them in more detail with the report “Old Area Units”

Vintage area units

In Kievan Rus there were no area measures as square measures, judging by surviving sources. Although ancient Russian architects and land surveyors had an idea about them. Area measures were needed to determine the size of land plots. The areas were not always clearly demarcated. Used for arable land

PLOW - a piece of land plowed in a day with a plow harnessed by a pair of oxen

QUARTER - The area on which a quarter of rye was sown

PALOW AND VYOT are large measures of land area. The main feature of SOKHI and Vyti was their expression through different numbers of quarters, because the amount of land and the social status of landowners were taken into account, i.e. These measures have had variable meaning.

The area of haymaking areas was estimated by KOPNA - this is the area of the meadow on which a shock of hay can be cut

These measures made it possible to determine the yield, but did not provide information on the shape and size of land plots.

TITHE. Initially, a round tithe was used - a square with a side equal to a tenth of a verst (fathom) - from which the name TITH comes.

Under Peter 1, square measures (sq. verst, sq. fathom, sq. arshin, sq. foot) were firmly established in the system of area units.

In 1916, the Regulations on Weights and Measures were legalized. m, and for land areas are, hectare.

There are various measures of area that people have come up with, but all these units of measurement can be expressed through each other.

The ancient units of area lost their significance due to their inaccuracy and were replaced by units of measurement accepted throughout the world.

Currently, the most common are sq mm, sq cm, sq m, sq km, are, hectare