Immediately after the events of 1917, a workers' militia was formed in our state in order to maintain public order. Since 1962, after a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Council, November 10 is celebrated annually as Police Day. True, until 1991 this holiday was positioned as the Day of the Soviet Police, after the collapse of the union - the Day of the Russian Police and, finally, now - the Day of the Russian Police.
The first “police” was created under Peter I and translated from ancient Greek means “government”. That is, the king also needed an authority governing the people to regulate order. A modern state necessarily needs an executive service, since the population must be kept within social boundaries in order to avoid chaos. And not only: modern police are called upon to protect and defend the constitutional rights and freedoms of the citizens of their country, perform a control and supervisory function, and also serve the population.
Whatever the name of law enforcement agencies, the essence remains: protecting the population from non-social individuals, which is very valuable for civilians. Therefore, law enforcement days are celebrated in all countries, but at different times. Although police officers from the former USSR still gather in the old fashioned way for corporate events on November 10th.
How is Police Day celebrated?
Traditionally, Police Day is celebrated at the workplace. And the gift is a concert broadcast on all channels and films corresponding to the profession: “Streets of Broken Lanterns”, “Meeting Place...”, “Once Upon a Time in the Police”, “Cops”, “Police Sergeant”, etc.
In Russia, the term “police” was first used in 1917, when the October Revolution, known for its catastrophic consequences, took place on the territory of a sixth of the planet.
Decades later, the Soviet leadership decided to officially establish Police Day. Since then, since 1962, it has been celebrated every day on November 10th. But everything is in order.
The history of the Police Day holiday begins in ancient times. The fact is that the police function as such arose exactly when the state itself appeared.
Thus, in the era of the legendary Kievan Rus, police functions were performed by the princely squad. Much later, during the reign of Peter I, it was decided to create the so-called. public order service. It was then that the Russian emperor called it “police.”
By the way, translated from Greek this means nothing more than “government of the state.” Note that soldiers and officers of lower ranks worked in this service.
By the way, among the very first police officers there were quite a few foreigners. However, this is easily explained.
The Russian autocrat constantly invited them from European states in order to transfer relevant useful experience.
Judging by historical sources, the Russian police then worked more than properly. After all, the crime rate in the country in those days decreased by several orders of magnitude.
In the 19th century, during the era of Russian Emperor Alexander I, the Ministry of Internal Affairs appeared, whose functions included establishing and maintaining order, fighting deserters and fugitives, supervising shelters and much more.
In a word, the holiday Police Day, in principle, could have been established back in those ancient times.
But still, the police were able to acquire a modern look only during the Soviet Empire. Just a few days after the October Revolution, on November 10, 1917, a militia was created to replace the police. People who had reached 21 years of age and, of course, recognized the power of the Soviets were accepted into its ranks.
In addition, a Soviet policeman had to be literate and have the right to vote. An important circumstance in the formation of the institution of the Soviet police was the decision to introduce a uniform uniform for law enforcement officers. At a minimum, this increased authority in the eyes of ordinary citizens.
When the Civil War began, police officers took part in battles on all fronts. So, in 1919, about 8 thousand policemen were sent to the Red Army.
After the Civil War, the institution of police was repeatedly subjected to transformations, reorganizations and renamings.
Thus, until 1931, the department was under the jurisdiction of local Soviets, but subsequently moved to the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs and then, from 1946, to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Unfortunately, police officers did not have their own official holiday for a long time. And only in 1962, the leadership of the USSR officially established the “Day of the Soviet Police”.
After the collapse of the Soviet empire, the holiday began to be called “Russian Police Day.” And when the reform of the structure of internal affairs took place and the renaming of the police into the police, in 2011, the holiday acquired its current name, namely, “Day of the Employee of the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation.” Well, the date of the celebrations, of course, has not changed.
On November 10, all personnel of the Ministry traditionally go to work exclusively in full dress uniform. True, many police officers, as a rule, celebrate the holiday at their work.
And probably the last thing. This holiday has always been, in fact, one of the most beloved in society. Quite possibly because of the concert everyone loved. Such concerts have been organized in the USSR since 1966. And six years later, in 1972, the event dedicated to Police Day was first shown on Soviet television.
Perhaps, it was from then on that the concert became a tradition that has not been broken to this day. This festive event is attended not only by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but also by many pop celebrities.
By the way, the concert was canceled only once. It was back in 1982, when the head of the Soviet state Leonid Brezhnev died. However, this is a completely different story.
On November 10, 1917, during the revolutionary events, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs issued a decree on the creation of the Workers' Militia.
Origins
The concept of the police appeared back in 1903 in the program of the Bolshevik Party, and in March 1917, after the Provisional Government came to power, the place of the tsarist police was taken by policemen. These were ordinary workers who stood at the machine during the day, and in the evening with rifles they went out into the streets to maintain order. 
Even V.I. Lenin spoke about the need to create a “people’s militia,” which implied the complete arming of the people. The first police of the USSR In fact, the work of maintaining order was carried out by the Red Guards of the revolutionary guard. The authorities understood that a separate body should maintain order within the country. In August 1918, a decision was made to create a militia. This new body existed throughout the entire period of Soviet power.
The police became workers' and peasants' and people over the age of 23 could serve there. The tsarist police forces simply needed to be reorganized, because, according to F.Z. Dzerzhinsky, new people could not bring anything good to the previous law enforcement agencies. But this ideology was ignored by the authorities, and the Soviet police of that time consisted of non-professionals. In the turbulent post-revolutionary times, the history of the police was written in blood. In the spring of 1918, the first policemen died in the fight against bandits.
The first weapons that the new law enforcement officers were armed with were the Mauser and the revolver. The Mauser is a well-known powerful weapon that was in use almost until the 50s of the last century.
MUR
On October 5, 1918, the authorities issued regulations on the creation of departments to combat criminal crime. The Moscow criminal investigation department under the tsarist regime was transformed into the MUR - Moscow criminal investigation department. - 
“Murovites” wore a special identification mark on the lapels of their jackets - a crescent moon and a “Murovsky eye” - an all-seeing eye. Departmental distinction was issued for a certain period of time. The main task of the MUR employees was to destroy armed gangs, of which there were about 30 in Moscow alone.
Uniform and ranks
At first, they didn’t think much about external insignia. The policemen wore civilian clothes and only wore red bands on their arms. In 1923 they reached the point of introducing the form. The Soviet foot police of that time had black uniforms, and the mounted ones had dark blue. New insignia appeared almost every year. The colors of the buttonholes, the signs themselves and their configuration changed. In 1931, the uniform of the Soviet policeman became gray. 
The newly minted law enforcement officers had no titles, only positions. Along with the appearance of ranks in the army in 1936, police officers also received ranks.
In addition to sergeants and lieutenants, police directors also appeared - the most important ranks. In 1943, shoulder straps were also introduced, and blue became the main color of the insignia. In 1947, the cut of the uniform changed and the color red appeared.
USSR police and women.
Women appeared in the ranks of the Soviet police back in 1919. Many representatives of the fairer sex worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs during the Great Patriotic War. And in peacetime, almost a quarter of employees successfully combined shoulder straps with a skirt. 
In fact, women act no worse than men during critical situations. In addition, the peculiarities of psychology make them valuable employees of internal organs. The famous writer Alexandra Marinina served in the Soviet police for 20 years, analyzing criminal offenses. She became the most famous retired lieutenant colonel by writing a series of detective novels about the everyday life of internal affairs workers.
During the Great Patriotic War
In harsh wartime, law enforcement officers did double duty: they fought against fascist saboteurs thrown into the rear, and eradicated banditry that had raised its head in a bloodless, starving country. 
Employees of the workers' and peasants' militia went to the front. In July-August 1941, 15 rifle divisions of the NKVD were formed, and they included operatives, investigators, and firefighters (they were then part of the NKVD). Those who were not mobilized signed up as volunteers - in the first months of the war, four divisions of the people's militia were formed in the capital alone, their backbone made up of communists, Komsomol members and, again, NKVD employees.
- By November 7, 1941, half of the capital’s police officers had gone to the front. They were replaced by women. Later, commissioned soldiers began to return to the internal affairs bodies. Women often combined service with work at defense enterprises.
Personnel training
To solve problems with personnel training, the authorities opened Police Schools. The USSR police became more professional, thanks to permanent schools and advanced training courses for district police officers and guards.
In order to get into the investigative authorities, it was necessary to graduate from the Higher Police School.
Positive image of a policeman
Since the mid-60s, the state has constantly raised the prestige of the police in the eyes of the population. The media and creative intelligentsia worked to create a positive hero - a Soviet policeman. The USSR police became very popular among the people, thanks to fascinating films.
Since 1962, a holiday was officially introduced - Police Day in the USSR.
The date November 10 was celebrated before, but more locally. At the state level, on this day the police were congratulated by officials and the best artists of the country. Soviet people firmly believed and repeated the phrase that became popular: “Our police are protecting us!”
Previously, Soviet Police Day was accompanied by a large gala concert with the participation of the best musical groups and pop performers. This concert was broadcast on television throughout the country. The only exception was 1982, since it was on November 10 that the party and political leader of the country L.I. died. Brezhnev.
After the February Revolution of 1917, Russia, already going through difficult times due to many years of exhausting war and the rapid growth of separatist sentiments in many regions, was literally overwhelmed by a wave of crime. The criminal situation worsened month after month, becoming especially tense before the October Revolution. But there was no one to fight crime, since the previous law enforcement agencies had virtually ceased to exist. The new government, headed by Ulyanov-Lenin, was forced to quickly respond to this circumstance, and already on October 28 (November 10, new style), 1917, the resolution “On the Workers’ Militia” was adopted.
However, until 1962, this date was not considered a national or even a professional holiday, although police officers performed many heroic deeds while fighting crime, as well as during the Great Patriotic War. Only on September 26, 1962, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a Decree according to which the day of the Soviet police became a professional holiday. This decree was subsequently (with minor changes) confirmed twice: in 1980 and 1988.
The concert dedicated to Police Day was held in the Column Hall of the House of Unions until 1987, and from 1987 to the beginning of 2000 - in the Rossiya concert hall. Subsequently, the venue for this concert became the State Kremlin Palace.
How the name of the holiday changed
After the collapse of the USSR, it became impossible to maintain the previous name of the holiday. It became known as the Day of the Russian Police. And after the new law “On the Police” came into force on March 1, 2011, the name was changed again. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated October 13, 2011, this holiday was renamed “Day of the Internal Affairs Officer of the Russian Federation.” On this day, police officers serve in full dress uniform. A big gala concert is shown on television.
I think that an unusually correct idea came to the mind of our unforgettable Dmitry Anatolyevich. Change the name. An organization that has stained itself with bribes, corruption, outright theft, and protection for crime cannot bear the name of the legendary Soviet police. Let there be POLICE. It immediately becomes clear who is who...
But let's not talk about today's sad and shameful day. Let's remember the Soviet police. She, indeed, was a people's person and protected us from all scum and subhumans...
The Soviet police received their legislative registration on the basis of the resolution of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of November 10, 1917 “On the Workers' Militia.” In 1919, V. Lenin signed the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR “On the Soviet Workers' and Peasants' Militia,” and in 1920 the All-Russian Central Executive Committee approved the first regulation “On the Workers' and Peasants' Militia.”
Until 1931, the police were under the jurisdiction of local Soviets, then - in the People's Commissariat system, and since 1946 - in the Union-Republican Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.
Subsequently, the basics of the organization and activities of the police were regulated by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 8, 1973 “On the basic duties and rights of the Soviet police in protecting public order and fighting crime.”
During the Civil War, the Soviet police waged an intense fight against crime throughout Russia. But not only did the first Soviet police officers have to carry out their direct duties of searching for and detaining criminals, but they also had to protect public order. Sometimes they entered into hostilities with the “whites”, performing the functions of ordinary army units. In the spring of 1919, when General Yudenich’s troops were stationed near Petrograd, seven detachments with a total number of 1,500 bayonets were formed from among the Petrograd police officers. Soviet policemen fought on the fronts of the Civil War in the Urals and Volga region, in the North Caucasus, and in other regions of Russia.
Anti-banditry squad of the Don Cheka
During the Great Patriotic War, in addition to the main tasks of maintaining public order and fighting crime, many new ones appeared: the fight against violators of military registration rules, against deserters and persons evading conscription and military service, against looters, alarmists and distributors of all kinds provocative rumors, identifying enemy agents, provocateurs and other criminal elements, combating the theft of military cargo. The priority tasks of the internal affairs bodies in relation to wartime conditions were determined to be the tasks of ensuring the organized evacuation of the population, industrial enterprises and cargo control. By carrying out all these activities, the state sought to establish strong law and order in the country.
In the border areas, the police, together with border guards and units of the Red Army, had to fight the advancing fascist troops. The police fought with enemy saboteurs, paratroopers, and missile signalmen. In areas declared under martial law, the police were put on combat readiness and deployed their forces and equipment according to local air defense plans, taking vital economic facilities under guard. In front-line areas and regions, the police were transferred to a barracks position and operational groups were created to fight enemy agents.
Police patrolling the streets of Moscow during the war
In August 1962, a resolution was adopted by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the work of the Soviet police, which outlined a number of important organizational measures aimed at improving its activities. The resolution identified measures to improve the level of work of the police, strengthen its personnel, and provide its bodies with communications, transport, and special equipment.
The main tasks of the police, its place and role in the system of government bodies were defined in the Regulations on the Soviet Militia, approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR on August 17, 1962. The Regulations indicated that the police are the administrative and executive body of the Soviet state, designed to protect public order in cities, populated areas and on transport routes, ensure the protection of socialist property, personality and rights of citizens from criminal attacks, promptly prevent, suppress and solve criminal offenses. It emphasized that with all its activities the police serve the people, maintains constant contact with the broad masses of workers and public organizations, and relies on their help and support. At the same time, it was decided to introduce a solemn Oath in the police and to establish Red Banners for the republican, regional, regional and large city police garrisons.
During the bourgeois coup of 1991, the police found themselves between two fires. On the one hand there are law enforcement activities, on the other there are rebellious provocateurs of liberal democrats...
A participant in these events, a former policeman, Evgeniy Vyshenkov, who served in the criminal investigation department of Leningrad in 1991, spoke very colorfully and substantively about the events of those days:
After these events, instead of the Soviet police protecting the citizens of the country, we have what we have...
