I held my very first post in 2005. This is where I usually try to stop the enthusiastic responses of “Oooh, you started fasting in 2005!” and I don’t allow you to continue the phrase with the words “What a great fellow you are!”, explaining in time - all subsequent years I was either pregnant or breastfeeding. Actually, this state of affairs remained until 2013 (today I am a mother of three children). So I developed a more or less stable attitude towards one of the five pillars of Islam exactly five years ago. Hopefully forever. Why? Because fasting for me is not just fasting from dawn to dusk. Everything is much more serious. However, like any Muslim.
What is Muslim fasting? Why is so much attention focused on him?
After all, fasting is only part of the rules that are important to observe during the holy month of Ramadan. And this is what you really need to pay attention to. It is not the fast itself that is sacred, but the month of Ramadan - the month in which the Koran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.
Every devout Muslim is waiting for this special month. Because this is a chance to atone for your sins, cleanse yourself and become even closer to Allah. During the month of Ramadan you need to do good deeds. As much as possible. It is believed that they all increase in size by 700 times. If possible, you need to distance yourself from everything bad: don’t swear, don’t swear, don’t quarrel with people, don’t sin, don’t do evil. After all, not only good deeds increase.
Of course, all this requires some effort from a person. You can’t swear like a shoemaker for a whole year and stop doing it at once. It won’t work like this - gossip all year round and get rid of this habit in a day.
It is even more difficult to habitually eat five times a day and start fasting on the first day of the holy month. You need to approach fasting wisely, and most importantly, with understanding in your heart. There is no need to fast if a person continues to otherwise lead his usual lifestyle: swearing or doing bad things. Fasting should be a kind of shield from everything bad.
In general, I believe that everyone who is going to fast should ask themselves the question: why am I doing this? And answer it as honestly as possible. You cannot fast in order to lose weight, reduce the size of your stomach, or, even worse, just for company. It’s better to be honest - get ready and finally go to the gym. The same applies to people who do not want to fast and justify their reluctance with a sore stomach, headaches without a cup of tea and other reasons. It’s better to honestly admit that there is simply no desire. No self-confidence. Because all these reasons contradict simple facts. For example, that the human body can survive without water for three days and without food for seven days. If the body’s resources are enough for a week, then it will definitely cope with 20 hours. As for a sick stomach, fasting will only benefit it. Of course, provided that each meal starts correctly. You shouldn’t immediately stuff everything that your eyes see on the table into yourself. It's better to start with 500 ml of water. Water will help awaken the internal organs and prepare the body for food intake. And after 30 minutes you can eat something light. For example, salad. And only then can you move on to everything else.
You know, there are many special centers all over the world in which all treatment is based on fasting. People purposefully go there and pay a lot of money in order to starve. In this way you can cure all diseases, honestly: from gastritis to oncology. And you say that without tea your head hurts...
By the way, I noticed that, among other things, many fasters (especially beginners) have a certain difficulty, which I call “psychological hunger.”
Surely you have noticed that sometimes you are so busy during the day that you don’t have time not only to eat, but even just to take a sip of water. Only at the end of the day do you realize that you are hungry. And when you fast, everything happens exactly the opposite - the consciousness constantly remembers the prohibition, and a person involuntarily thinks about food, even if he doesn’t really want to eat. And by the end of the day, this “psychological hunger” is so strong that a breakdown is quite likely - literally everything that catches your eye goes into your mouth. And this definitely does not have the best (if not detrimental) effect on the body.
I have gone through this more than once, and this year I was determined to correct this situation. For myself, I realized one simple thing: you need to eat for Suhoor in such a way that you don’t go hungry all day and at the same time get enough nutrients so that your body doesn’t suffer. To do this, I can, for example, eat fruits, vegetables and porridge, but I know that even this will fill my stomach and then it will be difficult to sleep.
This year I decided to experiment - I include Herbalife protein shakes in my diet. Last November I was able to visit a health club where, after taking measurements and speaking with an independent nutrition consultant, I received a jar of the shake. Honestly, I didn’t immediately or often use this form of nutrition. However, the couple of times that the Herbalife protein shake replaced my lunch, I felt full until the night, without that terrible feeling of heaviness in my stomach. I've seen recipes somewhere using regular products with the addition of Herbalife protein shake: I think it will serve me well now, in Ramadan. In general, I will experiment and share my experience.
To be continued...
The head of the daghwat department, Niyaz Hazrat Sabirov, visited the journalist of the Islamic Portal website about the month of Ramadan and informed him about the conditions of fasting, what actions are prohibited and permitted during the fast, and what the intention of Muslims should be after breaking the fast.
-Niyaz Hazrat, what does the month of Ramadan mean?
– The month of Ramadan is the month of forgiveness and mercy, mutual help and support, abundance and prosperity, and worship performed in this month is given greater reward than worship performed in any other month of the year.
The Honorable Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said : “If people knew all the virtues of the month of Ramadan, they would wish it to last a whole year.”(Imam Tabarani, Baykhaki).
Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the pillars of Islam, i.e. one of the duties assigned to every Muslim by Allah Almighty. The Noble Quran says: “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for those who came before you, so perhaps you will fear God” (Surah Baqarah, verse 183).
Fasting (saum) in Arabic means “abstinence.” Fasting is not only abstaining from food and drink, but also abstaining from sins committed by the tongue and other parts of the body. You should not speak badly about anyone or do bad things, but, on the contrary, this month you should try to do as much good as possible.
The Honorable Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If one of you fasts, then let him not curse or make noise. And if someone insults him, then let him say: “Verily, I am fasting” (Muslim). “Whoever fasts in the month of Ramadan with sincere faith and hope of achieving the reward of Allah, then all his past sins will be forgiven” (Bukhari, Muslim).
–When does this Holy month begin?
– Based on the decision of the Council of Ulema of the Muslim Spiritual Board of the Republic of Tatarstan, the start of the holy month of Ramadan in 2018 falls on May 16, and the first Tarawih prayer will be performed on May 15, this prayer will be performed in mosques of Tatarstan in the amount of 20 rakats.
–What is the amount of sadaka established this year?
–For the payment of zakat, the Ulema Council established the size of the nisab - 210,000 rubles (in gold). For the payment of fitr sadaq, the size of the nisab is set at 18,000 rubles (in silver), the size of the fitr sadaq (zakat al-fitr - alms for breaking the fast) is 100 rubles for barley, and 600 rubles for raisins. The choice of the size of the sadaka remains with the payer.
As atonement for the inability to keep the fast due to health reasons and if it is impossible to make up for it on another day, a fidiya has been established - for each missed day a minimum of 200 rubles. In case of inability to pay this amount, its obligation subsides.
– Please tell us what are the mandatory conditions for fasting?
–The first and most basic condition of fasting is that every Muslim must observe it from the beginning to the end of the month. Secondly, the person fasting must be of age and of sound mind. And third, to be able to observe fasting and be at home.
-Who can avoid fasting during the month of Ramadan?
– It is not necessary for a child, an insane person, or a person who has lost consciousness to fast, since these persons are not able to comply with the instructions. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “A pen was lifted from three people (deeds are not recorded): from a child who has not reached the age of majority; from the person who has lost his mind until he comes to his senses; from the sleeper until he wakes up” (Bukhari).
For the sick and travelers, fasting is not fard, but if they fast, their fast is considered valid. In case of non-observance of the fast, they must subsequently be compensated for all these days.
Also, fasting is not fard for older people who, due to their age, cannot fast, women in the state of haida and nifas, pregnant women and nursing mothers if they fear that fasting may harm them or the child. Elderly people must pay fidiyah, and others must make up for missed days. In order for a traveler to take advantage of the permission not to fast, his journey must be at least 100 km, during which a reduction in prayer is permitted.
-What conditions violate fasting?
–Swallowing a pea-sized amount of food or medicine, swallowing a single drop of water or medicine, sexual intercourse.
-What is the sunnah for a fasting person?
-Eating before dawn. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Eat food before dawn, for there is grace in suhoor” (Bukhari).
Treating those who fasted, treating the poor and needy. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever feeds a fasting person will receive the same amount of rewards. At the same time, the reward of the fasting person will not decrease” (Bukhari).
Reading the Noble Quran, dhikrs and salawat. During Ramadan, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) met with the angel Jibril (peace be upon him) every night and read the Quran (Bukhari) with him.
Immediately after sunset, begin breaking the fast.
-Are there any actions that are condemned during fasting?
– Idle talk and foul language are not allowed. Diving and swimming in the water is not allowed. Taste or chew anything, as this may lead to breaking the fast. You cannot kiss on the lips, keep a fast without breaking your fast for 2 days in a row, and fast, knowing that this will lead to complications of the disease.
-What actions are allowed to be performed?
You can taste the purchased product (the main thing is to make sure that nothing is swallowed). It is allowed to chew food for the child, apply antimony to the eyes, oil the mustache or beard, and brush the teeth with a siwak. Both bloodletting and treatment with leeches are permitted. It is permissible to perform complete ablution.
–What else is needed for fasting to be accepted by Allah?
–The most important thing is a correctly constructed intention. If a fasting person, without uttering the appropriate words, intends in his heart to fast the next day, his fast will be correct.
You are encouraged to pronounce your intention using the following Arabic words:
Neueitu an esuuma sauma shehri ramedaana minel fejri ilal megyribi haalisan lillahi te "aala.
Translation: “For the sake of Allah Almighty, I sincerely intend to fast for the month of Ramadan from dawn to sunset.”
Breaking the fast after sunset with salt, a piece of food or water is sunnah. Breaking the fast with fruits such as dates is also encouraged.
After breaking the fast the following prayer is read:
Allahumma laka sumtu ua bika ementu ua "alaika tauakkaltu ua "ala rizkykya aftartu fagfirli ee gaffeeru ma kaddamtu wa ma akhhartu.
Translation: “O Allah, it was only for You that I fasted, believed in You, relied on You, and broke my fast with Your food. O Forgiver, forgive my past and future sins."
Material prepared by: Elvira Malikova
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Islamic scholar Sherzod Pulatov answers the questions.
Only a few hours remain until the start of the holy month of Ramadan for all Muslims. This year it will last from May 27 to June 25, 2017.
On these days, Muslims all over the world will fast (in Turkic and Persian languages - Uraza, and in Arabic it is pronounced - Saum), that is, abstaining during the daytime from food and drink, marital intimacy, indecent thoughts, words or looks.
The information and advisory center “Hotline 114” on religious issues has collected for you the most common questions regarding the implementation of this pillar of Islam.
The questions are answered by Sherzod Pulatov, Islamic scholar, member of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, ACIR expert, certified mediator (Peace Institute New York).
What is the significance of fasting in the month of Ramadan for Muslims?
Muslim fasting is divided into two types: obligatory and voluntary. Mandatory fasts include fasting in the month of Ramadan. And voluntary fasts include those observed by the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) at times other than the month of Ramadan and advised Muslims to observe it.
It should be noted that the important significance of fasting in Ramadan is given precisely by the fact that in this month a revelation began to be sent down to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) - these are the first verses (ayat) of the Koran.
It is known that on one of the last ten days of the month of Ramadan the night of destiny begins. Prayers on this night are accepted and worship is equivalent to the worship of a thousand months, which is approximately 83 years. Many scholars suggest that it occurs on the night of the 26th to 27th month of Ramadan, even if there is information about its signs in reliable hadiths, no one can say with certainty about the exact date of the onset of this night.
The Koran speaks about this in Surah “Predestination”: “Verily, We sent it (the Koran) on the night of predestination. How could you know what the night of predestination is? The night of predestination is better than a thousand months. On this night the angels and the Spirit (Jabrail) descend with the permission of their Lord according to all His commands. She is safe until dawn."
There are many hadiths (sayings) of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) about the importance of fasting. Thus, in a well-known hadith cited in the collection “Al-Bukhari”, in which Abu Hurayrah reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The reward for every deed of the son of Adam increases from ten to seven hundred times.” The Great and Mighty Allah said: “Except for fasting. Verily, fasting is for Me, and I reward it. The slave leaves his passion and food for My sake, and the one who fasts experiences joy twice: when he breaks his fast and when he meets his Lord.”
In another hadith, also cited in the collection “Al-Bukhari”, it is reported from the words of Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “ When Ramadan comes, the gates of Heaven are opened, the gates of Hell are closed, and the devils are put in chains.”
What evidence is there that requires Muslims to fast?
Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all Muslims. However, fasting is not a new obligation for Muslims that came with the advent of Islam, since its observance was prescribed to the peoples who lived in previous times, called in the Koran the peoples of the scripture (Jews and Christians).
This is stated in the Koran in Surah “The Cow” verse 183: “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for your predecessors, perhaps you will be afraid.”
By fasting during this month, Muslims test the strength of their faith and show patience and the ability to control their desires and passions. Direct evidence of the obligatory observance of fasting is available both in the Koran and in the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).
Thus, we can observe the injunction for obligatory fasting in the month of Ramadan in Surah "The Cow" in verse 185, which says: "In the month of Ramadan, the Qur'an was revealed - a true guide for the people, clear evidence from the right guidance and discernment. Those of you, Whoever this month finds, should fast. And if anyone is sick or on a journey, then let him fast for the same number of days at other times. Allah desires ease for you and does not desire hardship for you. He desires that you complete a certain number of days and exalt Allah for having guided you to the straight path. Perhaps you will be grateful."
In the hadith cited in the collection "Al-Bukhari", it is reported from the words of Ibn Umar that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Islam is based on five components: the testimony that there is no one and nothing worthy of worship except Allah Almighty; performing the obligatory five times prayer; payment of zakat; making a pilgrimage to Mecca; observing fasting in the month of Ramadan."
In addition to the above evidence, there are many verses in the Koran that talk about what rules are prescribed for observing fasting and there are a number of reliable hadiths that show how the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) observed fasting during the month of Ramadan, and also observed voluntary fasts in other months of the year.
Who is supposed to observe the Muslim fast, and is there an exception to the rule?
Fasting during the month of Ramadan is a mandatory requirement for every healthy, conscious, adult Muslim.
Elderly people and chronically ill people who are unable to fast for a year are exempt from fasting. They are obliged to pay (the so-called fidyu-sadaqa), that is, to feed one poor Muslim for each day of fasting. It is allowed to feed 30 people at the same time or at different times. Pregnant women and breastfeeding women may not fast, but are required to make up for it later.
Travelers or wayfarers are allowed not to fast during the month of Ramadan, but they are also required to make up for lost fasting within a year. According to the norms of Islamic law (Sharia), a traveler (musaffir) is considered a person who has traveled more than 88 km from his settlement in accordance with the rules of the Hanafi legal school. In addition, in order for a traveler to be allowed not to fast, it is necessary that the journey continues until the end of the day. Anyone who, while still at home, began to fast - that is, he set out on the road after the time of Fajr (morning prayer) - is not allowed to break his fast, that is, to break his fast.
Women are not allowed to fast during Ramadan during menstruation (haid) or postpartum bleeding (nifas). If a woman fasts during Haida or Nifas, it is considered a sin. Missed days of fasting will also need to be made up later.
Mentally ill and mentally retarded people, as well as children who have not reached the age of bulug (puberty, after which a person becomes an adult according to Sharia, for boys this is 12-15 years old, for girls – 9-15) do not fast.
However, days of fasting missed for such valid reasons will definitely need to be made up after the end of Ramadan (at any time during the year, but preferably before the start of the next Ramadan).
If a person has some kind of chronic disease that does not allow him to fast (for example, diabetes or a stomach ulcer, when one cannot go without food for a long time), and doctors have determined that his condition worsens from prolonged fasting, he is allowed not to fast .
In verse 184 of Surah "The Cow" it is stated as follows: “You should fast for a limited number of days. And if any of you is sick or on a journey, then let him fast for the same number of days at another time. And those who are able to fast with difficulty should feed the poor as an atonement. And if someone voluntarily does a good deed , then so much the better for him. But it would be better for you to fast, if only you knew!"
What actions violate fasting and how to make up for it?
As we said earlier, fasting is broken by menstruation and postpartum bleeding (if it occurs before sunset), which is replenished on another day during the year.
Sexual intercourse (whoever commits it during the day in the month of Ramadan is obliged to fast for 60 days in a row to atone for sin; whoever breaks the fast on one of these days is obliged to begin this fast again; a woman who enters into such a relationship not of her own free will must only compensate for the fast without atonement).
Intentional vomiting.
Deviation from the intention to fast, even if one has not broken the fast.
Food and drink (if a fasting person ate or drank out of forgetfulness, then his fast is not broken).
Smoking, chewing gum, injections for parenteral nutrition.
Intentional arousal with release of semen.
All of the above violations of fasting, which do not include atonement, are made up for on another day during the year.
What actions do not break the fast?
Bathing for cleansing from defilement or for another purpose. Injections (except for nutrients and vitamins) and eye drops. Eating food or water due to forgetfulness. Rinse your mouth and nose without swallowing water. Using the tip of the tongue to determine the taste of food during its preparation. Use of antimony. Swallowing saliva, dust and smoke. Bloodletting for medicinal or other purposes. Kiss of the wife (for those who are able to control themselves). Discharge from the genitals without ejaculation. On the night of the month of Ramadan, it is permissible to eat, drink and have sexual intercourse with your spouse.
What is fitr sadaqah and how to pay it?
All Muslims are required to pay fitr sadaqa (zakat al-fitr), which is paid for a man, a woman, a child, an adult, and even for a fetus in the womb (for Muslims only). Zakat al-Fitr must be paid in the amount of one sa" of dates, barley, wheat, sultanas, rice or cheese. One sa" is equal to 2.4 kg. It is paid before people go out for Eid prayer (ayt namaz). You can pay it two days before the holiday. The head of the family pays zakat al-fitr for himself, his children, his wives and even for the child in the womb and distributes it among the poor, beggars, orphans and the needy.
In the hadith cited in the collection “Al-Bukhari”, it is reported that Ibn ‘Umar said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made it obligatory to distribute zakat al-fitr in the form of one sa' food. He made it obligatory for slave and free, man and woman, young and old from among Muslims, ordering it to be done before going out for the holiday. prayer."
At a meeting of the presidium of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Kazakhstan, held in Ust-Kamenogorsk, the amount of zakat-ul-fitr for Muslims during Ramadan in 2017 was established. The amount of Zakat-ul-Fitra is determined taking into account the average price for wheat in the markets of each region of the country. By unanimous decision of the members of the presidium meeting, the amount was set at 300 tenge.
Is it permissible for someone who has a hard job not to fast?
Fasting itself is a difficult test for us. After all, the essence of fasting in Ramadan is to curb one’s passions and desires (nafs), to educate oneself through abstinence from food and drink, to be able to subordinate one’s instincts to reason, without being led by gluttony for the sake of Allah’s pleasure. Therefore, if a short-term refusal to eat and drink does not entail the danger of death or does not cause great harm to health, that is, does not lead to the fact that the fasting person may lose consciousness, then, due to minor inconveniences, give up the intention to fast and thereby break the command of the Almighty will be wrong.
Is it necessary to exclude the use of the Internet and mobile applications during Ramadan?
Nowadays, among Muslims who intend to fast, there is an opinion that during fasting it is necessary to isolate oneself from everything worldly, for example, not use the Internet and delete all mobile applications that may distract the fasting person.
Yes, of course, as we said earlier, fasting includes abstinence from worldly goods for a certain period of time, which includes daytime abstinence from food and drink, marital intimacy, indecent thoughts, words or looks, in general temporary renunciation from everything that the human soul loves, and from which a person receives pleasure and pleasure.
However, this does not mean that a person should completely disconnect from everyday life. During fasting, a Muslim must continue to work, work and do his other things, as he did on ordinary days, but adhering to the rules that are prescribed for the fasting person. It should be noted that a Muslim who adheres to fasting must first of all change his worldview along with his lifestyle, must try to become better and correct his shortcomings.
The same is true when using the Internet or mobile applications. If on ordinary days a Muslim spends time on the Internet or using applications pointlessly and uselessly for himself and those around him, then during fasting he needs to reconsider his interests and make every effort to direct the given time and the resources that he has for the benefit of his spiritual improvement and the benefits of others. For example, these same resources can be used for self-education, improving one’s moral qualities and spiritual enrichment. When communicating in the same mobile applications, do not fall into a meaningless conversation, as he did earlier, but, on the contrary, use this opportunity to do good deeds. During fasting, a Muslim must work on his mistakes and set himself up so that over the next year he can continue to behave in the same way as he did during the month of Ramadan.
Is it possible to fast for three days at the beginning of the month, three days in the middle and three days at the end?
Fasting during the month of Ramadan is obligatory for Muslims to observe in full, and exceptions exist for certain cases, which we have described in previous questions.
There is an opinion among the people that it is permissible to fast for three days in Ramadan, but there are no reasons for allowing fasting in this way in the holy month. This opinion among Muslims most likely formed in connection with the existence of hadiths that speak of a monthly three-day voluntary fast, which the prophet performed and advised his companions. For example, in the hadith cited in the collection "At-Tirmidhi", the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded Abu Hurayrah to perform three actions, one of which was a three-day fast in each month.
Another example, in the hadith cited in the collection "At-Tirmidhi", it is reported that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to Abu Dharr, “If you fast for three days every month, then fast on the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth.”
It is necessary to clarify that these hadiths were said about voluntary fasts in other months of the year. These hadiths are not related to the month of Ramadan, since one must fast for the entire month.
How is Islam different from other religions? The fasting of Ramadan is the holiest time of the year for Muslims. They abstain from all pleasures in order to test willpower over carnal desires, repent of sins, and overcome pride in the name of the forgiveness of the Almighty. How to fast in Islam? This will be discussed in the article.
General information
During the Islamic fast, fasting people should not take any food during the day. They are not allowed to drink alcohol or have intimate relationships. Currently, there are bans on smoking cigarettes and chewing gum (and, as you know, they did not exist at the time of the prophet). And drinking alcohol in Islam is prohibited not only during the holy month of Ramadan, but generally throughout the year. Moreover, their sale is also unacceptable. Unlike Christianity, fasting in Islam allows the consumption of any food: meat and fried. At the same time, it is limited in time. It is permissible to eat only in the dark. It must be taken into account that Islam does not allow eating the meat of certain animals. For example, pork is highly prohibited.
Not only sacred for Muslims is the time of fasting. Islam divides it into two types. The first post is mandatory. It must be observed in the holy month of Ramadan (the ninth in the Second is recommended. In Islam, the calendar is not the same as the Gregorian calendar. It is shorter by 11 days. And that is why every year the month of Ramadan comes ten days earlier. And such days of fasting are recommended Islam: every Monday and Thursday; 9th, 10th, 11th of the month of Muharram; the first six days of Shawwal. In addition to abstaining from food and carnal pleasures, those who are fasting are required to pray (perform namaz). Meals must be taken before (Fajr ) and after evening (Maghrib).It is generally accepted that during this month the Almighty (Allah) is more favorable to prayers and increases the significance of good deeds.
Unlike in Islam - not sad, but festive. For devout Muslims it is the greatest holiday. They prepare for it in advance: they buy food and gifts, since the Almighty forgives sins and answers the prayers of not only those who fast, but also those who help those in need and simply engage in charity. After all, even the most disadvantaged must eat after dark and participate in the holiday. Therefore, at the end of the sacred time, it is customary to collect money (zakat) for the poor. In addition to doing godly deeds, you need to try not to deceive anyone. Otherwise, it is generally accepted that the Almighty will not accept either fasting or prayer.
Fasting time
Islam, as the reader already knows, calls on all Muslims to fast during the holy month of Ramadan. What date it will occur on depends on the lunar calendar. For every year it falls on a new date. During uraza, it is customary to get up before the morning prayer to eat breakfast. This procedure of eating before sunrise is called suhoor. The Holy Prophet ordered the faithful not to neglect it, because it will give a lot of strength to accomplish. Therefore, waking up an hour earlier should not be any difficulty for believers. It is recommended to complete Suhur before the morning prayer - Fajr - so as not to be late for the time of fasting.
Throughout the entire day, until dusk, the fasting person must spend it in complete restriction, without food or water. He must interrupt it before evening prayer. Iftar should be opened with a sip of fresh water and a date. It is recommended to break the fast on time, without delaying it for later. After taking water and dates, you do not need to eat food immediately. First you need to do it and only then you are allowed to start dinner - iftar. It is forbidden to eat to satiety and overeat. You need to take just enough to satisfy your hunger. Otherwise, the post will lose its meaning. And, as you know, it is needed to cultivate bodily lust.
Actions that devastate the body
What breaks fasting in Islam? These actions are of two types: that which empties a person and that which fills him. The first include those during which certain fluids leave the body. As you know, this can be intentional vomiting (if it was not intentional, the fast is not considered broken) or bloodletting. Just as stated above, it is forbidden to enter into intimate relationships. And as you know, during this process, both men and women experience the release of sexual genetic material. Since the action is intentional, it is considered a violation.
In general, even without the release of genetic material, intimate contact breaks the fast. Even if it occurs between legal spouses. If the ejection occurred without intimate contact, but deliberately (masturbation), then this is also a violation, since in Islam such an action is considered a sin. However, if a man deliberately decided to do this, but no sexual fluid was released, then the fast is not considered broken. It is also not a violation for unintentional release in both men and women.
In Islam, this violation is the most serious. If a person has repented, then he can atone for his guilt in two ways: either free the slave (in the civilized world this is difficult and virtually inaccessible), or fast for the next two months. Even if, without a good reason, he violates or interrupts the restriction that he endures on the occasion of repentance for adultery, he must begin anew two months of abstinence.
Hugging and kissing during fasting is allowed. But these actions should not lead to sexual arousal, so that something that breaks the fast does not happen. If spouses know how to control themselves, they can calmly kiss each other. If you don’t have confidence in yourself or your significant other, then you need to refuse hugs. Sometimes it happens that the release of genetic material occurred in a dream. And as you know, a person does not control his actions at this time. Therefore, the fast is not broken. In this case, there is no need to reimburse it. And sodomy and bestiality in Islam are always grave sins, and not just in the month of Ramadan.
Bleeding during fasting
Donating blood is also a violation. It is believed that in this way a person becomes weaker. And feeling unwell during fasting is unacceptable. This means that a person should not become a donor. Even in cases of extreme necessity, this is a violation. However, the fasting person can make up for it on another day. If the blood flowed unintentionally, then the restriction is not violated. Donating blood for analysis also does not apply to this. Indeed, in this case, little fluid is released, so the person does not experience weakness. In addition, fasting during the menstrual cycle (also a kind of bloodletting) is not allowed. As you know, representatives of the fair sex experience weakness and pain during this period. And, as stated above, fasting is unacceptable at such times.
Nausea while fasting
If a fasting person has stomach problems, he does not have to hold back vomiting for fear that this may break his fast. When a Muslim deliberately caused her, then there will be no punishment for this action. If the fasting person involuntarily empties the stomach of its contents, this will not affect the observance of the fast. This means that it is not necessary to restrain the urge to vomit. But it is prohibited to deliberately call them.
Actions that fill the body
Filling actions include those during which the human body is filled. This is eating and drinking. And as you know, they are unacceptable during daylight hours. In addition to them, taking medications, blood infusions, injections are also considered violations. If medications are taken as a rinse and not swallowed, then this is acceptable. Therefore, it is necessary to take pills and other medications in the dark. Also, the fast is not considered broken if the blood is reinfused after it has been purified and saturated with the necessary nutrients. In addition, drops for the eyes and ears or enemas are also not prohibited during the holiday. It is even permissible to remove teeth, despite the possible bleeding from the wounds. If a fasting person uses it (including asthmatics), then the fast is also not broken. Because air is not food and drink, but gas entering the lungs.
Any Muslim who deliberately ate or drank committed a great sin. Therefore, he is obliged to repent and make up for the violation on another day. And it is a double sin to accept what Islam prohibits on any day, not just during Lent - alcohol and pork. If a person simply forgot about the restriction (and this is often observed in the first days of the fast), then the fast is not considered broken. It is not necessary to reimburse it. A person must thank the Almighty for sending him food (and there are many hungry people in the world). If a Muslim sees that someone else is reaching for food, he is obliged to stop him and remind him of fasting. Swallowing saliva or food debris stuck between the teeth is also not a violation.
What actions do not break the fast?
How to fast in Islam? What actions will not violate it? In addition to the cases indicated above, these include the following manipulations: applying antimony to the eyes (as is known, this is important for Muslim women); brushing your teeth with a special brush (miswak) or a regular brush without toothpaste. The use of the latter is not prohibited. The main thing is not to swallow the product, even partially. Other hygiene procedures are also allowed: rinsing the nose, mouth, taking a shower. Swimming is also allowed, but provided that the person does not dive headlong, as this can lead to water entering the body.
Also, a Muslim who involuntarily ingested tobacco smoke or dust does not break his fast. Inhalation of aromas (even intentionally) is also allowed. If women (and sometimes men) prepare food, then tasting them is acceptable. But it is forbidden to swallow it. Treating wounds with ointments, iodine, and brilliant green solution is acceptable. Women can have their hair cut and dyed. The same applies to men. In addition, representatives of the fair sex are allowed to use cosmetics. But many people refuse it during Ramadan.
Smoking while fasting
Smoking during the fast also breaks the fast. In general, this process is undesirable in Islam, since it harms the body and mind, and empties the wallet. And also due to uselessness. Therefore, intentionally swallowing tobacco smoke (as opposed to involuntary) breaks the fast. But many people who are on a diet do not enjoy cigarettes only during daylight hours. It is not right. Because smoking not only cigarettes, but also hookah is prohibited throughout the month of fasting in Islam. It often happens that after the end of Ramadan, many give up this bad habit.
Fasting during pregnancy and lactation
How to fast during pregnancy in Islam? The expectant mother, if she feels well, there is no threat to either her or the child, is obliged to comply with the restrictions. If there is a possibility of miscarriage, then fasting is not necessary. The same applies to nursing mothers. Therefore, before the onset of holy fasting, the above women should consult a doctor. And pass the necessary tests.
If it is not recommended for them to fast due to a difficult pregnancy or for other reasons, then they are obliged to make up the fast at another time. Preferably before the next Ramadan. In addition, such a young lady needs to distribute alms to those in need (both money and food). However, if a woman cannot make up for the fast because she is again carrying the baby under her heart or continues to feed, then it is quite enough for her to help the poor.
Fasting for a pregnant woman in Islam is not too strict. It does not have to be observed for all thirty days in a row. Violations every second day are acceptable. Sometimes you can take a break for a week. The main thing is to keep it for thirty days in total. Since the days of fasting in winter are much shorter than in summer (in the cold season it dawns late and gets dark early), young mothers are allowed to make up for fasting on these days, even if Ramadan was in the summer.
Fasting during critical days
Is it possible to fast during menstruation? Islam prohibits a devout Muslim woman not only from observing restrictions, but also from performing namaz. If a woman does not do this on her menstrual days, then there is no need to compensate. All this is due to the fact that these days ladies are not pure. And as you know, observance of the most important Islamic rituals is allowed only if complete hygiene is observed.
If a woman keeps a fast, and suddenly she begins to have discharge, then it is considered broken. the girl will have to compensate him. But if this happened after dusk, then there was no violation. The next day you need to refrain from restrictions until the end of the monthly cycle. In a word, fasting should be for the benefit of those fasting, and not to their detriment. And if you feel weak in the body, you can get more negative things from the energy than positive things.
Allah, with all His attributes, is incomprehensible to man, neither speculatively nor visibly. Therefore no one except Great And Wise Allah One who wishes goodness, health, and prosperity to everyone cannot know the true value of His commandments. One of the most important and useful commandments in Islam is Fast , observed by Muslims in the ninth month of the Lunar Year. Fast- a special kind of religious ceremony prescribed by Allah in the Koran: " O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for those who came before you, perhaps you will fear God!"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 183). The Almighty, addressing believers all over the world, informs them that He ordered them to observe the Fast, just as he commanded. Its observance to other peoples who lived before us from time First Prophet Adam(may Allah greet him). Historical facts confirm that early Jews and Christians who observed Lent ate once a day, then changed the ritual and began to fast from midnight to noon. It is known that Moses(may Allah bless him) fasted for forty days. The most ancient Lent among Christians is considered to be the Great Lent before Easter: after all, Moses And Jesus Christ(may Allah welcome them) and their apostles observed it. Time passed, and the truly prescribed Fast, like religion itself, lost its effectiveness; church ministers voluntarily preferred other, easier types of fasting, such as abstaining from meat, fish, milk, etc. Fasting in Islam calls on a person to sincerely and diligently protect himself from everything that does not comply with Sharia. He calls on believers to be God-fearing, cleanses their souls and hearts from cruelty, accustoms them to kindness, discipline, patience and obedience to Allah. Fasting equalizes all Muslims, instills in their souls a feeling of universal unity and brotherhood. He who fasts for the sake of the Almighty is imbued with sincere compassion for his poor, starving brothers in the Faith. From a medical point of view, Fasting gives rest to the digestive system, helps remove various toxins from the body, cures many diseases, helps people give up bad habits, develops willpower, patience, brings peace, satisfaction, joy to the soul of the fasting person, etc. ProphetFast, heal"(Reported by Ibn Sanna and Abu Naim). The best reward for a fasting person is remission of sins. And can we neglect it or refuse it (the reward) if it comes from Merciful Allah? After all, he said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " Ramadan has mercy at the beginning, remission of sins in the middle, and deliverance from fire at the end.". Believers fasting for food Allah, receive in return rewards and mercy in Day of Judgment . Prophet Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " He who fasts the month of Ramadan with faith and satisfaction will receive remission of his sin". (Text agreed upon). In the Holy Hadith, said Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), Allah speaks: " ... but Fasting is observed for the sake of Me, And I I reward for Him ". Allah gave man a body so that it could clearly show, through examples, what was in his heart and soul. The believer reveals the fear of God in his heart by his physical obedience, that is, by fulfilling the commandments entrusted to him. One of the wonderful examples of revealing humility and obedience Allah is the observance of Lent. After all, Fasting, unlike other foundations, is hidden from human eyes. No one can see him except All-Knowing Allah. The Fast hidden within us represents victory over the enemy. Allah, for the means of Satan’s influence on man are passions and desires. The purpose of Fasting is a religious practice that includes spiritual exercises that bring a person closer to Allah. Every Muslim must protect himself from actions that violate the Fast, since they (actions, violations) are a clear act against the will Allah, neglect Islam and shamelessness in front of people. Prophet said: " If one of you is fasting, he should not use foul language or shout. When a fasting person is scolded or tried to attack, he must say: " I am fasting! I'm fasting! ". (Text agreed upon). On the Night of Power (Lailat al-Qadr) in the month of Ramadan, before the Firmament, to a place called "Bayt al-Pizzat", a totality was sent down Koran. Almighty said: " Truly, We sent Him down on the Night of Power"(Quran, Sura 97, verse 1). Then He descended on our Planet in parts over a period of twenty-three years, depending on the situations and events that arose on It. The obligation of Fasting in this month of the revelation of the Koran was declared by Allah on the second Monday of the eighth month of Sha'aban, in the second year after the migration of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) from Mecca to Medina. Almighty said: " the month of Ramadan, in which it was revealed Koran as a guide for people and as an explanation of the Straight Path and entertainment (good and evil), - and whoever of you finds this Month, let him spend It in Fasting..."(Quran, Sura 2, verse 185). Fast in the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam: Fasting during this month is obligatory for every Muslim man and woman. Those Muslims who consciously deny the obligation to fast during the month of Ramadan, regardless of whether they fast or not, are considered apostates. Muslims who do not deny the obligation of Fasting, but do not fast without good reason, are considered wicked and earn great sin and wrath Great Allah, Abu Hurayra reported that Prophet Muhammad And anyone who breaks the Fast on at least one day of Ramadan without a valid reason permitted by Allah will not be able to compensate for it, even if he then fasts for a whole century.". The authenticity of the onset of the month of Ramadan is confirmed in two cases: The first is the vision of the young month of the new moon on the thirtieth night of the month of Sha'aban by at least one full-fledged, fair witness. The second is the completion of Sha'aban until thirty days - and this is in the event that it is not possible to see the new month of Ramadan due to any reasons. Evidence of what has been said are the words Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " Fast when you see it (new month of Ramadan) and stop when you see it (new month of Ramadan); and if it is hidden from you (due to bad weather), complete Sha'aban for up to thirty days". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). The time of appearance of the new moon may be different in different countries, since the Earth is round. In each country, the new month can be seen at its own time, depending on its location. In this regard, Muslim, narrated words of Qutayb. Qutayb said: " The Fast of Ramadan began for me while I was in Damascus; I saw the new moon on Friday night, then I moved to Medina at the end of the month. Ibn Abbas asked me: “When did you see the new moon?” I replied: “We saw it on Friday night.” Ibn Abbas said: "Have you seen him?" I replied: “Yes, and the people saw him and fasted, and Muawiyah fasted with them.” Ibn Abbas said: “We all saw him on Saturday night. And we continue to fast until the end of the thirty days or until we see him.” I said: “Isn’t the testimony of Muawiyah and his Fast sufficient?” Ibn Abbas replied: “No, our Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered us to do so.”". Believers should not begin Lent at the same time, except for countries close to each other, or countries located at the same longitude. What to do if the young crescent is hidden from us on the night from 29 to 30 Sha'aban because for any reason? The best decision, as I said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is to extend the month of Sha'aban to thirty days: ... and if it is hidden from you, complete Sha" aban up to thirty days"In case of unclear weather and some complications arising due to objective reasons, astronomical calculations are taken into account in determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan. It is known that the wise Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised people depending on their level of literacy. Talking to ordinary people. He advised counting the thirty days of Sha'aban if it is difficult to see the new month. And speaking with literate people, He advised them to calculate the onset of Ramadan by the phases of the moon. Ibn Omar said: " I heard that Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Fast when you see it (the new month of Ramadan) and break the Fast when you see it (the new month of Shawwal), but if you cannot see it, calculate it"Modern astronomers can calculate all the numbers associated with the lunar year and the orbit of the Moon, the exact time of its disappearance and appearance. Therefore, a person who has not seen the new month due to any reason can determine the beginning and end of Lent by contacting competent this area to persons. To reliably confirm the appearance of the new month of Ramadan, the testimony of one person is sufficient. The one reporting the appearance of the new month, naturally, must be a true Muslim, whose testimony is undoubtedly accepted by everyone. To determine the day of Fasting in the month of Ramadan, the testimony of one witness is sufficient, and to stop it, the testimony of at least two prudent, sensible witnesses who saw the new month of Shawwal is mandatory.
1. Entry into Islam : Fasting is not obligatory for apostates and blasphemers as long as they ignore Islam. Their Post makes no sense and is not accepted by Allah until they believe in Him. The above does not mean at all that they remain unpunished. Allah severely punishes them for apostasy and failure to fulfill the foundations and commandments of Islam.
2. Coming of age : The period of adulthood may vary among different peoples depending on climatic conditions, etc. Coming of age in Islam means the appearance of two signs in a person:
A) in men - the first emission,
b) in women - the first discharge.
The absence of these signs removes responsibility for failure to fulfill the obligatory Fast. Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " The recording of three is interrupted: the sleeping one - until he wakes up, the teenager - until he reaches puberty, and the insane - until he becomes rational". (Narrated by Abu Dawud).
3. Wholesomeness and soundness of mind : Fasting is obligatory for those people who are of sound mind and aware of the actions they are committing. Those who suffer from insanity, lack of intelligence, schizophrenia (during the period of exacerbation), and those who are unable to control their actions are not to blame for failure to observe the Fast.
4. Having health and strength to observe the Fast : One of the mandatory requirements for Fasting is the presence of health and strength to observe it. Patients suffering from a serious illness, as well as elderly, infirm people from whom Fasting takes away health and strength, are not forced to Fast if they have been given permission by a truthful doctor. Almighty said: " Doesn't impose Allah for the soul nothing but what is possible for her"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 286).
1. Intent : This is the inner desire to observe the obligatory Fast of Ramadan. The source of intention is the heart. Saying your intention with your tongue is not mandatory, but is considered a very desirable act. Words are evidence of the obligatory intention Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " Indeed, actions depend on their intentions". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). If the intention is made to observe obligatory Fasting, then the following conditions must be taken into account:
A) Anyone who wishes to observe the Fast must have the intention at night for the coming day, before the first dawn. If it so happens that at night the desire to observe the obligatory Fast was absent due to any reasons, then the Fast in this case is not counted. Evidence of this are the words Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "" Anyone who did not indicate the Fast before the first dawn - his Fast is not valid" (Reported by Addara-Kutni);
b) Those who wish to observe Fasting must emphasize its category. For example: I'm here for Allah I intend to observe the obligatory fast of the month of Ramadan this year tomorrow on the day of Ramadan. If there is a desire for Fasting without specifying the year, month, day, then the intention in this case becomes invalid.
V) Those who wish to observe the Fast must make an intention on each night of the month of Ramadan, since each of the days of Ramadan is a separate service Allah and requires a separate effort. The intention of a desirable Fast, unlike a mandatory one, can be observed freely, without prior explanations or conditions. For example: " I intend to fast tomorrow for Allah ". In some cases, the intention in the desired Fast is allowed even after the first dawn in the morning, if before it no actions were committed that violate the Fast. Evidence of this is the story Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her): Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) once said: " Do you have food?" She said, "No." He said, "Then I will fast.". (Reported by Addara-Kutni).
2. Abstinence from actions that break the Fast from the beginning of the first dawn until full sunset. A person who strives to observe Lent for the sake of Allah, must necessarily refrain from all actions and deeds that contribute to His (Fast) interruption. If there is no abstinence from actions that interrupt the Fast due to any reasons, then It (the Fast) becomes invalid. The period of abstinence from actions that violate the Fast is considered to be the time from the first dawn to full sunset. Almighty said: " Eat and drink until you can see the white thread (the gray thread of the morning dawn) and the black thread (the blackness of the night) at dawn, then fast until the evening (until sunset)"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 187). In this verse, the thread refers to the barely noticeable light of the first dawn and the darkness of the night. Those who fast are allowed in the evening after complete sunset everything that was prohibited after the barely noticeable, gray thread of the first dawn.
3. Cognition the beginning and end of the day. One of the most basic requirements for observing the Fast is knowledge of the beginning and end of the day for those who began to observe the obligatory Fast after a barely noticeable morning dawn or interrupted the Fast before full sunset - their Fast is considered invalid. In territories where the length of night or day lasts up to twenty-three hours a day or where day or night continues continuously for several months, as well as in countries where there is no dawn and sunset, distinguished by distinctive features from each other, the beginning of Lent should be observed like the Fast of neighboring countries where day differs from night
1. They break the Fast all the time , which consciously enters the insides (the emptiness of a person) through the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, and private organs. For example: food, any liquids, water, smoking, intestinal lavage, sexual intercourse, any injections in the stomach, lungs, head, injections with a nutritional composition into the muscle and into the vein, use of ear, nasal, eye drops; introducing something into the nose, throat, ears, private organs; swallowing blood, food debris in the form of crumbs, sputum, etc. together with saliva. According to some Shafi'i theologians, medicinal injections into a muscle or vein make the Fast invalid. They come from words Ibn Abbas: " Verily, the breaking of the fast is in what has entered (into the body), and not in what has come out (from the body).". Random erroneous actions committed by a fasting person against his will or out of forgetfulness (such as eating, drinking, etc.) do not interrupt the Fast and do not require expiatory actions. Messenger of Allah said: " If someone ate and drank, forgetting that he was fasting, then his Fast remains valid, since he was fed and drunk by Himself Allah ". (Text agreed upon). He who takes food, drink, etc., as soon as he remembers that he is in Lent, must immediately refrain from doing what he does accidentally, or by mistake, and continue his Lent further.
2. Breaks the Fast deliberate vomiting, even if the fasting person is sure that some of the vomit did not return to the body. If the fasting person was unable to prevent vomiting and vomited regardless of his desire, then the Fast is not considered broken, even if part of the vomit returned back into the body. Messenger of Allah said: " The one who has overcome vomiting - and he is in Lent - he is not obliged to compensate Him, and if he caused vomiting, let him compensate". (Reported Hadith by Abu Dawood Tirmidhi and others).
3. Breaks the Fast conscious sexual intercourse during the day during Lent, regardless of whether discharge occurred or not, if the fasting person, completely forgetting that he is in Lent, has copulated, then his Fast is considered unbroken. Messenger of Allah said: " Allah took away the sin of my people for error and forgetfulness". (Genuine Hadith, narrated by At-tabarani).
4. The Fast is broken when ejaculating semen through something, regardless of how it happened. Spontaneous release of semen during kissing, stroking, looking at women, men, etc. also makes the Fast invalid, except for occasional ejaculation without desire and emission during sleep. During the day, during Fasting, actions and deeds that lead to arousal of a person’s sexual feelings are also prohibited.
5. The Fast is broken in the event that insanity occurs during the day during Lent, even for a moment.
6. The Fast is broken when signs of menstruation and postpartum discharge appear (in the daytime, during Lent), even if this happened at the last moment before sunset. Women do not have the right to fast until they are completely cleared of discharge. A missed Fast due to discharge must be repeated immediately after completing the obligatory Fast of Ramadan. It is said about this Aishoy We had menstruation in the presence of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him), then we purified ourselves, and we were ordered to repeat the broken Fast and were not ordered to repeat the ritual prayer"If the Fast had been considered valid during the allocations, there would have been no order to reproduce it.
7. Breaks the Fast renunciation of the Faith by word, deed, belief, deliberate refusal, etc., that is, by doing everything that can tempt a Muslim to fall away from Islam. Almighty said: " And if any of you falls away from your religion and dies as an infidel, for such, their deeds in the present and future life will be in vain!". Fasting and all good deeds of those people who have fallen away from the True Faith are in vain and are not accepted by Allah until they repent and return to Her.
8. The Fast is broken , if the fasting person lost consciousness for the whole fasting day and did not come to his senses, at least for a moment from the beginning of the first dawn until the sun was completely blocked.
9. Breaking the Fast (according to some theologians) with indecent behavior and actions. Based on sayings Prophet of Allah, all organs of our body must observe Lent. We should not be slaves to our feelings, passions, desires, habits, etc. Passed on Jabir from Anas: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) truly said: “Five actions break the Fast: lying, gossip, slander (denunciation), false oath, lustful glance"Every fasting person must know that his ears are obliged not to listen to obscenities, his eyes not to see what is forbidden, his tongue not to utter lies, slander, gossip, slander, obscenity, to make false oaths: hands, feet and other parts and organs body - not to go where it is forbidden, and not to commit sin. All organs of our body must observe Fasting, without being tempted by whims and passions.
10. Fasts interrupted due to intentional eating, drinking, inserting anything into a person's void, intentional vomiting, female bleeding, male defilement, loss of consciousness, etc., must be compensated until the new month of Ramadan begins. Otherwise, in addition to compensation for the Fast, you need to pay a ransom (feed the poor), which will be discussed below.
1. Timely breaking of the fast . It is most preferable for a person to first eat dates or drink water immediately after sunset, then perform evening prayer, and after prayer continue to eat light plant foods. Narrated (Bukhari and Muslim) about Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " When He was fasting. He did not begin evening prayer until they brought a ripe date or water to eat or drink, and in winter He did not begin evening prayer until they brought a dry date or water".
2. Eating the last time before the onset of the day's Fast, before the onset of the first dawn, is considered a desirable act, confirmed by the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him): “Verily, postponing eating until the time of the first dawn.” (From the tradition of the Messengers) - reported by Ibn Habban in his original. Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " Take food (suhoor) before the first dawn, truly, in (suhoor) eating before the first dawn is a blessing". (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim).
3. Very desirable start breaking the fast with a name Allah and a prayer for acceptance of the observed Fast. Breaking my fast Messenger of Allah said: " Oh, my Allah, for the sake of You I was fasting. Yours I broke my fast with food; my thirst has passed, and my veins have filled with moisture, and let my due be given, if it pleases Allah ". (Abu Dawud told about this).
4. Desirable action It is considered to begin breaking the fast with others: after all, having fed them, he (the one who feeds) receives a reward similar to the Fast of the fed. This is confirmed by the words Messenger of Allah: "Whoever feeds a fasting person will receive a reward similar to him (the one fed), without subtracting anything from the fasting person’s reward". (Reported and confirmed by at-Tirmidhi) During Lent, it is very advisable to do good deeds, invite each other to break the fast, and organize breaking the fast in places where those in need live.
5. Desirable during Lent abundance of alms, Alms, doing good and good deeds, helping those in need, visiting the sick, the elderly, reading the Koran, studying religion, visiting the Mosque, etc., Anas(may Allah be pleased with him) said: " It was said: O Messenger Allah,which Almsgiving is the best? He said: " Almsgiving in Ramadan ". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi).
1. Sick , suffering from any serious illness, with the permission of a truthful doctor, is exempted from Fasting provided:
A) if Fasting negatively affects the patient and his illness;
b) if the Fast opposes the treatment of the patient;
V) if the patient feels severe pain while fasting. It is prohibited to observe Fasting if the disease has a detrimental effect on the patient’s body.
2. Traveler , walking or riding any type of transport, at any time during his journey, has the right to observe or not observe the Fast. Fasting during travel is preferable. Conditions exempting you from Fasting while traveling are:
A) so that the journey is long (at least 83 km);
b) so that the journey takes a whole fasting day;
V) so that the journey is sinless, has good intentions, approved by Shariah;
G) so that the journey begins before the start of the fasting day. Almighty said: " ...and whoever of you is sick or on a journey, then the number of other days"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 184).
3. Frail old man is exempted from Fasting if he is unable to observe It. Almighty said: " Allah does not lay upon a soul anything except what is possible for it."(Koran, Sura 2, verse 286). The missed Fasts of the elder must be atoneed for by feeding the poor for each missed day.
4. Pregnant woman A woman carrying a child and a woman breastfeeding a child are exempt from Fasting if the Fast causes harm to them or their children. Anas al-Kaabi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " Truly, Allah Almighty removed Fasting and part of the prayer from the traveler, and Fasting from pregnant and breastfeeding women". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and others).
1. Anyone who misses the obligatory Fast of Ramadan due to illness or travel must make it up before the new month of Ramadan arrives. If the missed Posts are not compensated before the arrival of the new month, then the violator earns a sin. And he will have to, in addition to compensation, feed the poor for every missed day. The penalty for late reimbursement of Lent increases with the increase in non-reimbursement, that is, it (the fine) increases and repeats with the increase in unreimbursed years. For example, if one of you decided to make up for the missed one day of Lent five years ago, then, in addition to the compensation, he must feed one poor person for the first year, two for the second, three for the third, etc., in total 1+2+3+4+5=15 poor people. The poor must be fed with frequently consumed food, the quantity of which should not be less than one mudda (600 grams). If it so happens that the illness lasted until the arrival of the new month of Ramadan and the patient was unable to make up for the missed Fast, then he is obliged to make up for it when he recovers. In this case, he is not subject to a penalty for late compensation of the obligatory Fast. If the patient died without making up for the Fast due to the duration of the illness, then the sin does not apply to him. If the deceased during his lifetime, having the opportunity, did not compensate for the missed Fast due to negligence, then close relatives, if desired, can compensate for the missed Fast of the deceased. From Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her): " Truly Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Instead of the one who dies leaving the unrequited debt of Fasting, his relatives fast". (Reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim). According to theologians, the missed Fast of the deceased can be compensated by anyone if any of the relatives of the deceased wishes to do so. Without the permission of the relatives or the will of the deceased, people of unrelated origin do not have the right to compensate for the missed fasts of the deceased. If none of the relatives and friends made up for the missed Fasts of the deceased, then a fine will be levied on the estate of the deceased for untimely compensation of the obligatory Fast. If the deceased did not leave behind an inheritance, then the fine can be reimbursed by anyone who shows a desire. Ibn Omar(may Allah be pleased with him) said: " Whoever dies with the debt of fasting in the month of Ramadan, let him feed the poor in his name in return for every day he misses.". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi)
2. Anyone who missed the obligatory Fast due to extreme old age is obliged to pay a ransom (distribute Alms) in the amount of one mudda (600 grams). frequently consumed food for each non-observed Fast. Fasts not observed due to extreme old age are not reimbursed by anyone and are not subject to an increasing fine. Almighty said: " For those who can keep the Fast (with difficulty), a ransom has been appointed to feed the hungry"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 184). Those who are allowed to buy off their Fast with Alms include those who are sick without hope of recovery. 3. Women who missed the Fast due to pregnancy and breastfeeding are required to observe the following:
A) if a woman missed a Fast for fear of harming her body, then she is obliged to make up for the missed Fast before the new month of Ramadan;
b) if a woman missed a Fast for fear of harming the child she is breastfeeding or carrying in the womb (mother), then she is obliged to make up for the missed Fasts and pay a ransom in the amount of one mudda (600 grams) of frequently consumed food for each missed day.
Anyone who consciously breaks the Fast while observing obligatory Fasting by having sex, earns a huge sin. The sin he committed by copulation, along with compensation, requires expiatory actions. Redemptive actions in this case consist in the liberation of a slave or slave, and if they are not there, then in the continuous observance of the redemptive Fast for two months in a row without a single omission. If at least one day was interrupted in the expiatory two-month Fast, then the expiatory Fast must be repeated again. Those who are completely unable, for good reasons, to observe a two-month expiatory Fast, are obliged to feed sixty destitute Muslims with frequently consumed food in the amount of one mudda (600 grams). These redemptive acts are not assigned to the female sex. Those who are unable to atone for their sins in the above ways should do so when they are able. Each Fast interrupted by a sin requires a separate compensation and a separate expiatory action. For example, if three fasting days of the month of Ramadan are interrupted by copulation, then in this case it is necessary to compensate them before the arrival of the new month of Ramadan and perform atonement actions for each interrupted day separately. Redemptive actions are not assigned to the female gender, as well as in the following cases:
A) if the fasting person has copulated, forgetting that he is in Lent;
b) if the fasting person did not know about the prohibition of copulation during the Fast;
V) if the fasting person has had intercourse during a trip approved by Shariah;
G) if the fasting person has copulated while in the desired Fast;
d) if the fasting person breaks the Fast before copulation occurs.
Almighty said: " Whoever comes with a good deed will receive ten like him..."(Quran, Sura 6, verse 160). In addition to the obligatory Fast, it is very preferable for a Muslim to observe desirable Fasts that contribute to the improvement of faith, strengthen the body, systematically imbue the body and soul with piety, and additionally bring us closer to Allah
1. It is advisable to comply the six-day Fast of the month of Shawwal (10th month of the lunar calendar) after the holiday of the end of the Fast of the month of Ramadan. From Ibn Ayub(may Allah be pleased with him): " One who fasted during Ramadan and then continued for six days of Shawwal as if he had fasted for a century (year)"- Narrated Muslim. For any good we do, we are rewarded ten times more, i.e. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is equal to ten months, and six additional days of Shawwal are equal to two months. Taken together, it is equal to 12 months. Six-day Fasting is allowed to be observed intermittently for month of Shawwal.
2. It is advisable to comply Fasting the ninth of Dhul-Hijjah (the twelfth month of the lunar calendar) on the day of Arafah is for those who do not make the Pilgrimage. Abi Qatadata(may Allah be pleased with him): said: " Asked Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) about the Fast of Arafah, He replied: "(Fasting on the day of Arafah) atones for sins for the past and next years". (Narrated by Muslim).
3. It is advisable to comply Fasting on the day of Ashura and Tasua. These are the tenth and ninth days of the month of Muharram (the first month of the lunar calendar). Evidence of this is what he conveyed Ibn Abbas(may Allah be pleased with him): " Truly, Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fasted on the day of Ashura and commanded that people fast on it"(narrated by al-Bukhari). The wisdom of observing the Fast on the day of Tasua" together with Ashura is not to be like the Jews. The Jews observe the day of Ashura, and therefore it is preferable to observe the Fast together with Ashura and the ninth preceding or eleventh following day, the day of Ashura.
4. It is advisable to comply Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays. From Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her), she said: " Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) preferred to fast on Monday and Thursday". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi).
5. It is advisable to comply Fast every month for three days of the full moon: the 13th, 14th, 15th days of the Lunar month. The words Abu Zarra(may Allah be pleased with him) narrated: " commanded us Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fast for three full moon days every month - the 13th, 14th, 15th, and said: “They are like the Fast of an age (year)" - Narrated by an-Nasai and confirmed by Ibn Abbas.
6. It is advisable to carry out in Lent for most of the month of Sha"aban (8th month of the Lunar calendar): " Messenger of Allah fasted for most of the month of Sha'aban. (Text agreed upon).
7. Based on reliable sources and statements Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), it is also recommended (for those who are able) to fast Prophet Dawood(may Allah greet him). It is known that He fasted every other day. Desirable Fasts, unlike obligatory ones, can be interrupted if the fasting person expresses a desire to do so.
P A condemned Fast is considered to be that Fast, by non-observance of which we earn a reward. Anyone who observes the condemned Fast does not earn rewards and does not receive punishment. Man is a slave Allah, and he is obliged to follow His will, since unauthorized intervention can lead to unpleasant and fruitless consequences.
1. Condemned It is Islam to set aside a separate Friday day by observing voluntary Fasting. It is imperative to combine It with Thursday or Saturday. Evidence of what was said is what was conveyed al-Bukhari And Muslim: True Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: " Do not fast on Friday (alone) except in conjunction with the day before or the day after.".
2. Condemned to separate Saturday or Sunday by observing voluntary Fasting, since Jews exalt Saturday, and Christians exalt Sunday. The evidence of what was said is what he conveyed at-Tirmidhi: "Truly Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Do not fast on the Sabbath day except what is prescribed for you.” by Allah "Theologians do not condemn the observance of these two days in unity, since Jews and Christians do not exalt them together.
3. Condemned to spend a whole year in Lent without interruption for those who fear harm to themselves, or for those who need his guardianship. It's been said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): " There is no Fasting for one who fasts constantly". (Reported by al-Bukhari, Muslim and others). Anyone who is confident in his abilities has the right to observe Fasting constantly (except for prohibited days), since it is one of the best types of worship.
Z Fasting is considered prohibited, by observing which we earn sin.
1. Prohibited Observance of Fasting on the holiday of the end of the month of Fasting - Ramadan and on the Feast of Sacrifice Allah, celebrated by Muslims on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah. Evidence of this is what he conveyed Muslim from Abi Hurayrata(may Allah be pleased with him): " Truly, Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prohibited the Fast of two days: the Day of Sacrifice and the Day of Completion of the Fast.".
2. Prohibited observing the Fast for three days is the 11th, 12th, 13th days following the day of sacrifice on the 10th Dhul-Hijjah Translated from Omar Ibn Al-Ass(may Allah be pleased with him). He said: " These are the days in which he commanded us Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) break the fast and forbade us to fast in them". Said Malik: "These are the days following the day of sacrifice".
3. Prohibited observance of Fasting on a doubtful day. The 30th day of the month Sha'aban (8th month of the Lunar calendar), preceding the Holy month of Ramadan, is considered a dubious day. Confirmation of the prohibition of Fasting on this day is what was conveyed Abu Dawud from Omar Ibn Yasir(may Allah be pleased with him) from Messenger(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), he said: " Whoever fasted on a day about which people doubted, verily he disobeyed to the Prophet ".
4. Prohibited to fast in the second half of the month of Sha'aban for those who did not fast in the first half. That is, you cannot meet the Holy month of Ramadan by Fasting in the few days preceding it. This is confirmed by what Abu-Davud conveyed from Abu-Hurairat (may he be pleased them Allah): “Verily, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said; " When Sha'aban reaches half, do not fast".
5. Based on from Suna Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), women are prohibited from observing desirable Fasts in the presence of their husbands without his permission. If the husband is absent, then she has the right to observe them, regardless of whether he allows her to do so or not. Obligatory Fasting, unlike the desirable one, must be observed without the permission of the husband, since this is a command prescribed by Allah.
M alms, distributed to the needy on the occasion of the completion of the obligatory Fast of the month of Ramadan, is obligatory for every person, regardless of his age and gender. It cleanses the body and soul from errors that arose during observance of obligatory Fasting. Ibn Omar(may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made it obligatory for people to give alms on the occasion of the end of the Fast of the month of Ramadan in a measure of one sa'a (a measure of free-flowing solids equal to three liters) in dates or barley - to every free or unfree (slave), regardless of whether whether he is male or female, young or old, but from among the Muslims". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). The conditions for obligatory Charity are:
A) Being in Islam. Almsgiving on the occasion of the end of Lent becomes obligatory only for those people who are considered Muslims.
b) The onset of sunset on the last day of Ramadan. The payment of alms becomes obligatory at sunset on the last day of the month of Ramadan. Some theologians believe that the first dawn of the holiday is necessary.
3. Availability frequently consumed food product to pay Alms in the amount of one sa "a. Guardians or immediate relatives must take care of the unmistakable performance of Alms by their loved ones. Alms on the occasion of the end of the Fast should be paid along with the intention, i.e. when paying Alms, it is necessary to have an internal desire that you give some part of your property precisely as obligatory Alms, and not anything else. The payment of Alms should occur on your own behalf and on behalf of those people who are under the guardianship of the person being paid. The period for paying Alms; according to theologians, begins from the beginning of Lent. You can pay Alms throughout the month of Ramadan. The best time to pay Alms is considered to be the time from the first dawn of the holiday until the time of the Eid prayer begins. Alms must find its owner. It must be paid to the poor, orphans, etc. - all those Muslims who need it. Almighty said: " Alms - only for the poor, beggars, those working on it (persons engaged in the distribution of Alms) - to those whose hearts are attracted to the ransom of slaves, to debtors, on the way Allah, travelers, - by decree Allah. Allah is Knowing, Wise! "(Quran, Sura 9, verse 60). You cannot transfer Alms from one region to another as long as there are Muslims in need in this region. Anyone who could not pay Alms on time for a good reason is obliged to do so at the first possibilities. It is forbidden to postpone the payment of Alms until the end of the holiday. It is also forbidden to pay Alms with low-quality or less consumed food products. Some theologians allow paying Alms in money when those in need desire it. Details about the payment of Alms will be described in the next special chapter.
B pious stay should be observed by believers in solitude in the Mosque with the full intention of approaching Allah. Islam considers pious abiding to be lawful, as evidenced by the words Almighty: "And do not touch them while you are piously in places of worship."(Quran, Sura 2, verse 187). Pious stay was also the law of the ancient commandments sent down To the prophets before Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Almighty said: " And we told Ibrahim And Ismail: “Cleanse My House (from filth) for those who circumambulate, and those who stay, and those who bow, and those who prostrate!"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 125). By observing a pious stay, a person breaks away from everything worldly, secludes himself completely, surrendering himself to Allah. In solitude, he purifies the heart and soul, cultivating in them piety and humility, in return receiving forgiveness of sins. Pious stay is divided into into three types:
A) desirable;
b) very desirable;
V) mandatory.
AND It is advisable to observe a pious stay at any time of the year in order to get closer to Allah. It is highly advisable to observe a pious stay at the end of the month of Ramadan. Buhari And Muslim transmitted from Aishi(may Allah be pleased with her): " Truly Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) remained piously during the last ten days of Ramadan. Then his wives arrived"The wisdom of pious stay in the last days of Ramadan lies in waiting for the Night of Power. The Night of Power, according to theologians, can supposedly occur in the last 10 days, more precisely: on the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th of the month of Ramadan. It is very advisable to spend these special nights , staying in places of worship, observing prayers, reading the Koran, remembering Allah as much as possible, asking for forgiveness of sins, etc. From Abi Hurayrata: " Truly, Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever spends the Night of Power with faith and resignation, Allah forgives the past". For the service and good done on this Night, Allah blesses and rewards better than in thousands of months in which there is no Night of Power. Almighty said: " The Night of Power is better than a thousand months"(Quran, Sura 97, verse 3). A pious stay becomes obligatory if a person prescribes it to himself as a vow. Those who have made a vow that they will stay in the Mosque for a certain period of time have no right to leave it without extreme necessity. Necessity is considered to be going out to perform natural needs, bathing, ablution, etc. If the observant interrupts his promised stay without a valid reason, then he must begin it again. Actions that interrupt the pious stay:
A) Renunciation of Islam, drinking alcohol, insanity.
b) Conscious sexual intimacy (even if no discharge has occurred). The Almighty said: “And do not touch them while you are piously in places of worship.”
V) Deliberately leaving the Mosque without a valid reason is not necessary.
G) The appearance of various types of bleeding in women.
AND desirable actions of pious stay:
A) During a pious stay, it is advisable to read the Quran as much as possible, remember Allah, study Islam, etc.
b) It is advisable to observe Fasting, as it helps to extinguish internal feelings, passions, desires, etc.
V) It is advisable that pious solitude be observed in the Mosque where the Friday ritual prayer is performed.
4. Desirable so that the one who observes solitude speaks only good and fair things, avoiding foul language. One who observes a pious stay has the right to comb and cut hair, cut nails, wash the body, use incense, put on and change clothes. He has the right to go out to perform natural needs, to go out to eat food if it is not brought to him. It is not advisable to do any worldly work while staying in the Mosque (such as buying or selling something, sewing, knitting, etc.). U the words of one who observes pious stay. Anyone who decides to observe a pious stay in places of worship must take into account the following conditions:
1. Intent : possessing an internal (spiritual) desire to be in the Mosque for a certain time for the purpose of worship and bringing oneself closer to Allah Almighty, fulfilling the Sunnat of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon Him).
2. Length of stay : the usual period of pious stay is the period that has received general recognition of believers in a given Mosque in which a particular Muslim stays.
