Actually, Green is a literary pseudonym. And hiding behind him was Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (1880-1932) - a famous Russian writer, author of philosophical and psychological works with elements of symbolic fantasy. As for the pseudonym, the writer simply shortened his surname so that it sounded in a foreign way. In moments of revelation, Grinevsky said that as a child he had the nickname Green Pancake. So he used it, removing, of course, the second word "pancake".
Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (Green) was born on August 11, 1880 in the district town of Slobodskoy, Vyatka province. His father, Stefan Grinevsky (Pole by birth), was an eternal settler, a clerk at a brewery. Mother, Anna Stepanovna, nee Lepkova, gave birth to a son in the 7th year of marriage. With their firstborn, the family moved to Vyatka. There passed the years of childhood and adolescence of the future venerable writer.
The city was provincial, quiet, patriarchal. And on his wastelands one could often see a swarthy little boy in a gray patched blouse. He wandered alone, impressed by the books he had read. Often he imagined himself as one of the book heroes, and his peers considered him strange. At school, at one time, Green was even called the "sorcerer." And he tried to open the "Philosopher's Stone" and, having read the "Secrets of the Hand", invited everyone to predict his future by the lines on his palms.
In his Autobiographical Tale, Alexander Stepanovich wrote: “I did not have a normal childhood. In moments of irritation for my willfulness and bad teaching, my parents called me "gold-sire," "swineherd," and they predicted an unhappy life for me, full of crawling among the lucky and prosperous people. My mother, exhausted by homework, often scolded me. And I was tormented listening to the insults. "
The boy was looking for spiritual salvation in the works of Fenimore Cooper, Mayne Reed, Gustave Aimard, Louis Jacolliot, Victor Hugo, Dickens, Edgar Poe. But most of all, Green dreamed of the sea. The vast expanses of the sea were associated with freedom and independence. But the dreams of the sea were visited by a young man in the remote Vyatka, from which at least three years you gallop, but you can’t get to the sea.
Green's father and mother
In the summer of 1896, after graduating from the Vyatka City School, young Green left for Odessa. He only took the basket with him. It contained removable linen and watercolors. The young man believed that he would paint somewhere in India on the banks of the Indus. But in the city by the sea it quickly became clear that India is as inaccessible here as in Vyatka.
The young man began to bypass barges, schooners, steamers standing in the harbor. But they did not take him anywhere as a sailor, since Alexander was young and inexperienced. However, the young man showed persistence and achieved his goal. He was taken on board the transport ship "Platon", which made circular voyages through the Black Sea ports. It was from the Plato that Green first saw the shores of the Crimea and the Caucasus. Then there were other ships, but nowhere the young man lingered for a long time. After the first or second voyage, he was kicked out for his rebellious disposition.
True, once the newly-made sailor managed to visit a foreign port. It was Alexandria. But in general, the young man did not like the job of a sailor: it turned out to be boring and routine. In 1897, the failed sailor returned to Vyatka, and a year later he left again, but now to Baku in search of happiness and adventure.
These searches turned into a series of ordeals, changing places and jobs. Alexander wandered around Russia and tried a variety of professions. He worked as a loader, sailor, bath attendant, excavator, painter, extinguisher of oil fires. Once on the Volga, he first got a job as a sailor on a Volga barge, and then retrained as a lumberjack. In the Urals, he worked as a raft runner, a gold digger, a copyist of roles, an actor, a scribe for a lawyer.
From time to time he returned to Vyatka, and then left to wander again. In 1902, at the insistence of his father, he enlisted as a soldier in the reserve infantry battalion, which was stationed in Penza. The official description of Green's appearance at that time has been preserved:
Height - 177, 4.
The eyes are light brown.
Hair - light blond.
Special features: a tattoo on the chest depicting a schooner with a bowsprit and a foremast carrying two sails.
The young man did not like the cruel manners of the barracks. And after 4 months, Alexander Stepanovich Green fled from the battalion. For several days he wandered in the forest, then he was caught and subjected to a 3-week arrest on bread and water. At the same time, a volunteer drew attention to the obstinate soldier. He began to supply the young man with SR brochures and leaflets.
The future writer was drawn to freedom. In addition, his romantic imagination was captivated by the life of an illegal, full of secrets and dangers. The Penza SRs helped Alexander escape from the battalion a second time. He was provided with a fake passport and sent to Kiev. From there, the newly-made SR moved to Odessa, and then left for Sevastopol.
Having received the party nickname "Lanky", Green began to conduct propaganda work among the sailors. He knew the life and psychology of these people well, so he soon gained popularity among the sailors: the sailors began to consider him theirs. And the Socialist-Revolutionaries could not get enough of their new like-minded person. One of them, by the name of Bykhovsky, once listening to Alexander's speech in front of the sailors, said to the orator: "You would be a good writer." Grinevsky put this phrase in memory and later called Bykhovsky his godfather in literature.
In 1903, Alexander was arrested for spreading revolutionary ideas. He tried to escape, and then he was transferred to a maximum security prison. The young rebel was tried by the naval court of Sevastopol. They sentenced him to 10 years of exile in Siberia, but in October 1905 he was released under an amnesty. They were arrested again in January 1906 in the capital of the empire and sent to the city of Turinsk, Tobolsk province, for 4 years.
From there, Alexander fled to his native Vyatka, without having served even half of the term. The father greeted the prodigal son harshly, but helped to get the passport of the "honorary citizen" AA Malginov, who had recently died in the hospital. With this document, the young man left for St. Petersburg.
In the capital of the empire, Alexander Stepanovich Green eked out a poor existence, but it was in the gloomy, foggy city that he began to write. His first works are the stories "The Elephant and the Pug" and "The Merit of Private Panteleev". The general public did not see these works. They were declared anti-state and destroyed.
Only subsequent stories began to be published in the "Exchange Vedomosti". In 1908, the author's collection "The Invisible Hat" was published. Most of the stories in it were about revolutionaries. However, Grinevsky was not at all burning with love for this public. He broke with the Socialist-Revolutionaries, but at the same time remained critical of the existing system.
Green is on the far left, his wife Vera Pavlovna sits next to him (Pinega, 1911)
While living in St. Petersburg, Alexander Stepanovich tied himself in marriage with Vera Pavlovna Abramova (1882-1951). They were still familiar from Sevastopol, and in the capital of the empire they decided to join their fates and lived together for 7 years.
As for creativity, Grinevsky began his literary career as a "everyday person", as the author of stories, the themes and plots of which he took from the surrounding reality. He was overwhelmed with life impressions accumulated over the years of wanderings; they insistently demanded an exit and lay down on paper. Of course, everything written was not natural, but transformed into artistic fantasy.
In 1910, the second collection entitled "Stories" was published. Most of them were written in a realistic manner, but in some of the works one could already guess that Green storyteller, who in the future stood out from the general galaxy of writers.
In the same 1910, the police found out that the writer putting Green's signature on his stories was none other than the fugitive exiled Grinevsky Alexander Stepanovich. He was arrested and exiled to the Arkhangelsk province, to the city of Pinega. Vera Pavlovna went with her husband. The term of exile was reduced to 2 years, and the couple quickly returned to the capital. But their further family life did not work out. The couple divorced at the end of 1913. The wife became the initiator of the divorce. She explained her decision by mutual misunderstanding and her husband's craving for noisy companies and drinking.
However, Alexander Stepanovich Green himself did not want to get divorced. He left warm memories of Vera Pavlovna in his soul for the rest of his life. The writer kept her portrait with him all the years allotted to him by fate, and called his ex-wife "my only friend." The second close person was the father. He died in 1914. After that, Grinevsky did not have any close people, but he did not despair and plunged headlong into literature.
She became an outlet for him, that saving ship deck, on which the writer sailed, surrounded by his literary heroes. He worked very productively, but limited himself to stories, hesitating to take on a novel or story. At first, Green's works were published in small magazines, but acquaintance with A.I. Kuprin changed the situation. The young writer began to publish in the publishing house "Prometheus".
Alexander Stepanovich reacted sharply negatively to the outbreak of the First World War. He wrote a number of works of an anti-war nature, spoke sharply negatively about Emperor Nicholas II. This displeased the authorities, and Grinevsky was forced to leave the capital. However, immediately after the February Revolution, he returned to it.
At first, he enthusiastically embraced the changes in the country, but after the October Revolution, faced with cruelty and lawlessness, he became an opponent of the new regime. Green was published in the New Satyricon magazine, but in March 1918 the magazine was closed, recognizing it as an opposition one. Alexander Stepanovich himself was arrested and even wanted to be shot as a counter-revolutionary, but, fortunately, nothing happened.
Grinevsky did not accept Soviet power in his soul. He considered her worse than the king's. But other writers began to unite in groups, create their own platforms, write loyal letters to the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). People tried to survive under the new government, to earn its favor. And our hero fenced himself off from everyone, took a neutral position of non-interference. He began to lead the life of a hermit and at the same time married Maria Dolidze. Their life together lasted for several months, and then the civil marriage broke up.
There was no one to intercede for the writer, the new government considered him absolutely useless, and in 1919 Alexander Stepanovich Green was drafted into the Red Army as an ordinary soldier. But he did not participate in the battles, as he fell ill with typhus and was hospitalized. Here we must pay tribute to Maxim Gorky. He treated our hero very well and supported him with food, sending the sick writer honey, bread, sugar.
Again, Gorky solicited for Green after his recovery, and he was given housing in the "House of Arts" and given an academic ration. Writers who were gaining weight under Soviet rule lived nearby, but Alexander Stepanovich did not communicate with them much. He lived as a hermit and wrote. It was in the room in the House of Arts that he created his famous Scarlet Sails extravaganza. If he hadn't written anything else, she would have immortalized his name anyway. From a distance "Scarlet Sails" in 1923.
Green with his wife Nina Nikolaevna, 1926
But even before "Scarlet Sails" in 1921, Alexander Stepanovich Green married for the second time to Nina Nikolayevna Mironova (1894-1970). She was a widow, worked as a nurse and lived with the writer for 11 years until his death. It was to her that the writer dedicated "Scarlet Sails", finishing them in November 1922. The couple left the House of Arts and rented a room. Vera Pavlovna's porter took an honorable place in it, but the new wife did not mind this.
The writer's financial situation improved dramatically with the beginning of the NEP. Private publishing houses appeared in Petrograd, and they needed talented authors. Green turned out to be one of them. Was published his collection of short stories entitled "White Fire". It includes the story "Ships in Lisse". The writer considered him to be the best of all that was written.
Under the New Economic Policy, Alexander Stepanovich began writing his first novel, The Shining World. He saw the light in 1924. Many stories have also been written. All these works brought the writer good money. They bought an apartment in Feodosia. And indeed, why live in forever damp gloomy Leningrad, when you can enjoy life in the warm sunny Crimea.
It was in Feodosia that the novel "The Golden Chain" was written, published in 1925. And by the end of 1926, the novel Runner on the Waves was completed. He is unanimously considered the most talented work of the writer. It was published in 1928. And the last novels "The Road to Nowhere" and "Jesse and Morgiana" hit the shelves of bookstores in 1929.
However, the NEP ended, and the prosperous life of the writer ended with it. Publishing ceased, and the cash flow dried up. In 1930, the Grinevskys sold an apartment in Feodosia and moved to the city of Old Crimea, where life was much cheaper. Alexander Stepanovich and Nina Nikolaevna began to lead a half-beggarly existence. Sometimes they even starved and were often sick.
The writer began to develop stomach cancer. Already ill, he began the novel "Impatient", but never finished it. The family turned to the Writers' Union with a request for a pension, but at a board meeting a decision was made: Green is our ideological enemy, and therefore does not deserve a pension. In fact, the sick person was left to fend for themselves, doomed to death by starvation, and they did it cynically and indifferently.
Alexander Stepanovich Green died on July 8, 1932 in the city of Stary Krym. Before his death, a priest was invited to the house, and the dying man confessed and received communion. The outstanding Russian writer was buried at the city cemetery. And in 1934, the Writers' Union decided to publish a collection of Green's works called Fantastic Novels.
The grave of Alexander Stepanovich Green with the "Running on the Waves" monument, created by the sculptor T. A. Gagarina
In 1980, a monument was erected at the grave of the writer. It was created by the sculptor Tatyana Alekseevna Gagarina. This monument reflects the content of the novel "Running on the Waves", and fully reveals the work of an outstanding person.
After the death of her husband, Green's wife Nina Nikolaevna had a very difficult fate. She ended up in the German occupation, was deported to Germany for labor work, served 10 years in Soviet camps on Pechora "for treason". She was released in 1955.
In 1960, she opened the Green Museum in the Old Crimea. After death, she was buried in the same cemetery with her husband, but at the other end. A year later, secretly, the coffin with her body was moved and buried next to the remains of Alexander Stepanovich. The couple reunited again, and now forever.
Alexander Grinevsky was born in 1880 in the town of Slobodskoy near Vyatka in the Urals in the family of an exiled Polish nobleman. He was the eldest of 4 children.
As a child, Sasha was inquisitive, from the age of 6 he read. Green was a difficult teenager, even ran away from home.
At the age of 10, the boy was sent to a real school, but he behaved badly and devoted his study time to reading. Here he got the nickname Green... In the second grade, Sasha was expelled and transferred to another educational institution.
Green's mother died when he was 15 years old, his father quickly remarried. The young man did not get along with his stepmother and settled separately, read with gusto, wrote poetry and even earned money.
Trips
After graduating from the Vyatka school, Green decided to fulfill his childhood dream and become a sailor. He left for Odessa. The 16-year-old boy drank grief until he got a job as a sailor on a ship, but he did not work for long, had a fight with the captain and returned home. A year later, Green left for Batum. There he tried many professions and continued to search for what he loved, returning to his father.
At 22, Green became a soldier, but after 6 months Alexander deserted. The rebellious spirit was combined in his personality with humanism, so when he became an agent of the Social Revolutionaries, he flatly refused to participate in terrorist attacks.
From 1903 to 1905, Green was arrested twice, exiled to the Tobolsk province, but fled to his father, who helped him obtain a forged passport.
Greene becomes a writer
The first stories appear in 1906. The topic is about ordinary people and revolutionaries. Green signed his stories with pseudonyms. One of them is a surname from a fake passport ( Malginov). Alias Green appeared in the story "A Case" in 1907.
In 1908 and 1910. published collections of the writer's stories. These were realistic works.
Since 1912, Green has gradually begun to write romantic stories about heroic people and a fictional country. The writer publishes stories in newspapers and magazines, gets acquainted with the writer's environment. In 1915, a collection of stories with an anti-war theme was published.
Green became disillusioned with Soviet reality even faster than with pre-revolutionary one. He was opposed to any violence, he did not even change the spelling and calendar. In 1919, the writer was drafted into the Red Army, but fell ill with typhus. Gorky procured a writer's ration and housing for him. In 1920-1922. an extravaganza "Scarlet Sails" was written, published in 1923. In 1922 a collection of stories was published.
In 1924, Green's first novel "The Shining World" was published, in 1925 - "The Golden Chain", in 1926 it was written, and in 1928 the novel "Running on the Waves" was published. In 1929, two more of Green's novels were published.
"The era rushes by"
Green is an awkward writer. He refused to write in the spirit of "socialist realism", therefore, with the curtailment of the NEP, the publication of a 15-volume edition of his works ceases. The family is almost starving, from Feodosia they move to Old Crimea. Since 1930, reprints of Green's books have been prohibited. Green did not finish his last novel.
In 1932 the writer died.
Personal life
Alexander Green has been married three times. The first time his wife was Vera Abramova, who visited the future writer in 1906 in a prison in St. Petersburg under the guise of a bride. The history of their relationship is described in the 1912 story "One Hundred Versts Along the River". His wife went into exile with him in 1911. The couple divorced in 1913. Until the end of his life, Green carried her portrait with him everywhere.
Green's second wife was married to him for several months in 1919.
The third wife, Nina, appeared with the writer in 1921. He dedicated his most famous work to her - "Scarlet Sails".
Escape from reality
The main work of A. Green is the "Scarlet Sails" extravaganza. This is a fabulous story that a dream comes true if it is a real dream. The action takes place in the fictional city of Kaperna, as gloomy and evil as Petersburg in the early 20s, in which a fairy tale was written. Assol does not look like the inhabitants of the city, she believes in the myth of a ship with scarlet sails, on which she will sail to happiness. Captain Gray takes Assol away, acting out her myth for his beloved.
, Vyatka province, Russian Empire - July 8, the city of Old Crimea, USSR) - Russian and Soviet writer, prose writer, representative of neo-romanticism. He considered himself a symbolist. Creator of the fictional country Greenlandia, where the action of his most famous story, "Scarlet Sails", takes place. From 1924 he lived and worked in the Crimea.
A family
Brothers and sisters:
Biography
Alexander Grin with his first wife Vera Pavlovna in the village of Veliky Bor near Pinega. 1911
Alexander Grinevsky was born on August 11 (23), 1880 in the town of Slobodskaya Vyatka province. Since childhood, Green loved books about sailors and travel. He dreamed of going to sea as a sailor and, driven by this dream, made attempts to escape from home.
A significant influence on Green was exerted by his father, the gentry Stefan Grinevsky, who allowed his son to buy a gun and encouraged him to long excursions to nature, which influenced both the development of the character of the young man and the future original style of Green's prose.
Due to a conflict with the authorities, Green from the end of the city was forced to hide in Finland, but, having learned about the February Revolution, he returned to Petrograd. In the spring, he wrote a story-essay "On Foot to the Revolution", which testifies to the writer's hope for renewal. However, the reality soon disappoints the writer.
In 1924, Green's novel The Shining World was published in Leningrad. In the same year, Green moved to Feodosia. In 1927 he took part in the collective novel Big Fires, published in the Ogonyok magazine.
The novel "Impatient", which he began at this time, was never finished. Green died on July 8, 1932 in the city of Stary Krym. He was buried there at the city cemetery. On his grave by the sculptor Tatyana Gagarina there is a monument "Running on the waves".
Addresses
In Petrograd - Leningrad
- 1920 - 05.1921 - DISK - 25 October Avenue, 15;
- 05.1921 - 02.1922 - Zaremba's tenement house - Panteleymonovskaya street, 11;
- 1923-1924 - apartment building - Dekabristov street, 11.
Addresses in Odessa
- St. Lanzheronovskaya, 2.
Bibliography
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Memory
In St. Petersburg, there is a tradition when a sailing ship with scarlet sails enters the mouth of the Neva on the night of the graduation party of Russian schoolchildren. See Scarlet Sails (graduation party).
Alexander Green Award
Memorial plaque on the Green Embankment, 21, Kirov
Bust on the Green Embankment in Kirov
Alexander Grin on a postage stamp of Ukraine, 2005
In 2000, on the 120th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Green, the Writers' Union of Russia, the administration of Kirov and Slobodskoy established the annual Russian Literary Prize named after Alexander Green for works for children and youth, imbued with the spirit of romance and hope.
Museums
- In 1960, on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, the writer's wife opened the House-Museum of the writer in the Old Crimea.
- In 1970, the Green Literary Memorial Museum was also created in Feodosia.
- On the centenary of his birth, in 1980, the Alexander Grin House-Museum was opened in the city of Kirov.
- In 2010, in the town of Slobodskoy, the Alexander Grin Museum of Romanticism was created.
Green's readings
- The international scientific conference "Green's Readings" has been held in even years in Feodosia since 1988 (first half of September).
- Green's Readings in Old Crimea is an annual festival on the writer's birthday (23 August).
- Green's readings in Kirov - are held 1 time in 5 years since 1975 on the writer's birthday.
Streets
- There is an embankment in Kirov named after him.
- In Moscow, in 1986, a street (Green Street) was named after the writer.
- In the Old Crimea there is a street named after him.
- In Slobodskoy, the street on which A. Grin was born is named after him.
- In the city of Naberezhnye Chelny there is a street named after the writer (Alexander Grin street).
- There is a street in Gelendzhik named after him (Green Street).
- There is Alexander Grin street in Feodosia
- There is Alexander Green Street in Riga, but it is named after the Latvian writer Alexander Greens, the namesake and namesake of the Russian romantic.
Libraries
- The Kirov Regional Children's Library named after A.S. Green is located in Kirov.
- In Slobodskoy, the city library is named after A. Green.
- In Moscow, the Youth Library № 16 named. A. Green.
- Library named after A. Green in Nizhny Novgorod.
- Central city library named after A. Green in Feodosia, Crimea, Ukraine.
Other
- In 1985 - the minor planet 2786, discovered on September 6, 1978 by the Soviet astronomer NS Chernykh, was named Grinevia.
- Since 1987, the festival of author's songs "Greenlandia", named after the writer, has been held in Kirov.
- In 2000, a bronze bust of the writer was installed on the embankment in Kirov. (Sculptors Kotsienko K.I. and Bondarev V.A.)
- There is a Gymnasium named after Alexander Grin in Kirov.
- Memorial plaque in the town of Slobodskoy, where the writer was born.
Based on the works of Green
Films
- - Morghiana
- - The Green Country Man (TV Show)
- - The life and books of Alexander Green (TV show)
- - One hundred miles along the river
- - Gelli and Knock
- - Green lamp
Cartoon
Rock opera
Russian composer Andrei Bogoslovsky wrote the musical "Scarlet Sails" in the second half of the 20th century. Recorded in 1977.
Adaptations
- "Scarlet Sails" () - the graduation performance of graduates of the Faculty of Puppetry of the Musical College. Gnesins, who created the famous People and Dolls theater under the direction of L.A. Khait ( Gray- V. Garkalin, Assol- doll)
- Scarlet Sails - rock opera by A. Bogoslovsky. Recorded by VIA "Muzyka" in 1977
- Musical "Scarlet Sails" (2007)
- "Scarlet Sails" is a musical performance. Theater-festival "Baltic House". Staged by Eduard Gaidai, stage director - Raimundas Banionis, composer - Faustas Latenas. Premiere in St. Petersburg - 2008.
- Scarlet Sails is a musical extravaganza based on the play by Mikhail Bartenev and Andrey Usachev. RAMT. Stage director - Alexey Borodin. Music - Maxim Dunaevsky. 2009 r.
- "Assol" musical extravaganza based on the play by Pavel Morozov, composer Mikhail Mordkovich, at the Lugansk Regional Academic Russian Drama Theater. Stage director - Oleg Alexandrov. 2010 year.
- Musical extravaganza "Assol" based on the play by Pavel Morozov, Zhambyl Regional Russian Drama Theater (Kazakhstan). Premiere - November 13, 2010.
- Play "Scarlet Sails", "Theater on Spasskaya" (Kirov). Director - Boris Pavlovich. Premiered on May 20, 2011.
- Musical "Scarlet Sails" by Maxim Dunaevsky at the Free Space Theater. Libretto by Mikhail Bartenev and Andrey Usachev. Stage director - A. Mikhailov. (2011)
- Musical performance "Scarlet Sails" based on the play by Pavel Morozov at the Irkutsk Regional Theater for Young Spectators. Stage director - Ksenia Torskaya. 2011.
- "Scarlet Sails" at the Bratsk Drama Theater. Directed by Valery Shevchenko. (2008)
- Musical-drama "Scarlet Sails". Moscow Musical Theater "Monoton". Music by A. Bogoslovsky. Libretto by I. Chistozvonova. 2010
- "Scarlet Sails" (based on the play "Assol") on the stage of the Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater. Stage Director: Anatoly Ilyin, Composer: Olga Nesterova. 2011.
- Musical-drama "Scarlet Sails". Moscow Musical Theater "Monoton". Music by A. Bogoslovsky. Libretto by I. Chistozvonova. 2010 year.
- The play "The Pier of Scarlet Dreams" at the Irkutsk Regional Puppet Theater "Aistenok" based on the works "Scarlet Sails" and "Running on the Waves". Author - Alexander Khromov. Director - Yuri Utkin. Premiere - March 21, 2012.
- The performance "Scarlet Sails" (based on the play "Assol" by P. Morozov) at the theater "SILVER ISLAND". Stage Director - Honored Artist of Ukraine Lyudmila Lymar. (Kiev, Ukraine). 2011.
- Theatrical extravaganza "Scarlet Sails" on the stage of the Dzerzhinsky Drama Theater. Stage Director: Valentin Morozov. year 2012.
- The musical "Scarlet Sails" at the Globus Theater to the music of Maxim Dunaevsky, staged by Nina Chusova. 2012 r.
- Premiere of the play "Scarlet Sails" based on the play "Assol" by Pavel Morozov at the Bryansk Theater for Young Spectators Stage director - Larisa Lemenkova. 2012 r.
- the musical "Scarlet Sails" to the music of Maxim Dunaevsky at the Perm Theater. Stage Director Boris Milgram. 2012 r.
- The song of the bard Vladimir Lanzberg "Scarlet Sails" and the thematically adjoining song "And in vain no one believed in miracles."
- Song by Yuri Chernavsky to the words of Leonid Derbenev "Zurbagan", performer - Vladimir Presnyakov Jr. (1985)
- The song "Assol" by the group "The Untouchables" from the album "Brel, Trunk, Trunk" (1994)
- "Assol and Gray" - song of the group "Winter Animals" from the album "Like adults" (2006)
- Instrumental New-Age album by Andrey Klimkovsky - "Scarlet Sails" (2000)
Notes (edit)
Literature
- Basinsky P.V., Fedyakin S.R. Russian literature of the late XIX - early XX centuries and the first emigration. - M., 1998.
- A. A. Blok Notebooks 1901 - 1920 .-- Moscow, 1965.
- Borisov L. I. The wizard from Gel-Gyu. A romantic story. - L., 1972.
- Memories of Alexander Green / Comp., Introductory, note. Vl. Sandler. - L., 1972.
- Green N. N. Memories of Alexander Green. - Simferopol, 2000.
- Kobzev N.A. Alexander Green's novel. - Chisinau, 1983.
- V. E. Kovsky The romantic world of Alexander Grin. - M., 1967.
- Literary heritage. T. 93. From the history of Soviet literature of the 1920s-1930s. - M., 1983.
- Mikhailova L. Alexander Grin: Life, personality, creativity. - M., 1972.
- Pervova Yu.A. Memories of Nina Nikolaevna Green. - Simferopol, 2001.
- Prishvin M.M. Diary 1923-1925. - M., 1999.
- E. I. Prokhorov Alexander Green. - M., 1970.
- Tarasenko N.F.
The real name of Alexander Stepanovich Green, a Russian Soviet prose writer of Polish origin, who created his works in the mainstream of romantic realism, is Grinevsky. His name is associated, first of all, with the story "Scarlet Sails".
Born in the Vyatka province, the town of Slobodskaya on August 23 (August 11, O.S.) 1880. A tendency to change places, daydreaming, supported by love for books about foreign lands and travel, he has already had his childhood, he is not once attempted to escape from home. In 1896 he finished his studies at the four-year Vyatka city school, and Alexander left for Odessa, where he began his six-year vagrancy.
Having settled on a ship, at first he wanted to realize his old dream of becoming a navigator, but soon he lost interest in it. A fisherman, a loader, a digger, a lumberjack, a gold digger and even a sword swallower - all these professions were tried on by Alexander Grinevsky, but he could not get rid of the dire need, which in 1902 forced him to enroll in the army as a volunteer.
His service lasted 9 months, of which a third he spent in a punishment cell, and ended in desertion. At this time, there is a rapprochement with the Socialist-Revolutionaries, who involve him in propaganda work. Agitation of sailors in Sevastopol ended for Green in 1903 with arrest, and an unsuccessful attempt to escape turned into two years in a maximum security prison. However, he continued to engage in propaganda work, and in 1905 he was to be exiled to Siberia for 10 years, and only an amnesty helped to avoid such an unenviable fate.
In 1906, Alexander Green's first story, "To Italy," was published, and the "Merit of Private Panteleev" and "The Elephant and the Pug" that followed in the same year were confiscated right in the printing house and burned. Their author, who was at that time in St. Petersburg, was arrested and exiled to the Tobolsk province, but the disgraced novice writer managed to quickly escape from the place of exile with other people's documents. In 1907, the story "A Case" was published, notable for the fact that for the first time in his creative biography the author signed himself with the pseudonym A.S. Green. The next year, the first collection of stories "The Invisible Hat" was published, which did not go unnoticed.
In 1910, Green was sent into exile for the second time - this time for two years in the Arkhangelsk province. Upon returning home, Green actively writes and publishes, his stories, stories, satirical miniatures, poems, poems are published in 60 editions. Until October 1917, Green published about 350 works. During this period, the romantic orientation of his works was formed, which contradicted the harsh reality.
The February revolution gave rise to hopes for changes for the better, but they were dispelled with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks. Their actions further disappointed Green in the surrounding reality, he began to create his own world with renewed vigor. Today it is difficult to imagine that the famous story "Scarlet Sails", beloved by all romantics, was born in Petrograd, overwhelmed by revolutionary transformations (it was published in 1923). The heroes of the works and the fictional cities of Green did not fit well into Soviet literature, filled with the pathos of building socialism - together with its author. His writings were published less and less and more and more criticized.
In 1924 the novel by A.S. Green "The Shining World", and in the same year he moved to Feodosia. Suffering from tuberculosis and poverty, he continues to write, and from under his pen new stories, novels "The Golden Chain" (1925), "Running on the Waves" (1928), "Jesse and Morgiana" (1929), in 1930 The novel "The Road to Nowhere" was published, permeated with the tragic attitude of a sick and not understood artist. The last place of residence in Green's biography was the city of Old Crimea, where he moved in 1930 and died on July 8, 1932.
Alexander Green (1880-1932) - an outstanding representative of Russian neo-romanticism, writer, poet, philosopher. In the biography of Green, there are many interesting, bright moments that reveal him as a strong and bright personality.
Brief biography of A.S. Green for children
Option 1
Grin Alexander Stepanovich (Grinevsky) (1880 - 1932)
He enthusiastically greeted the February Revolution of 1917, and considered the subsequent events a tragedy. In the midst of the savagery and chaos that the Bolshevik power brought down on the country, Green wrote such works as the novels "The Shining World", "The Golden Chain", "Running on the Waves", etc., in which he created his own romantic world of human happiness.
Option 2
Alexander Grin (Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky) is a Russian writer and prose writer, best known for his fairy tale "Scarlet Sails". He wrote many works in the genre of symbolic fiction, and also created the fictional camp "Greenlandia", where the events of many of his books took place. A. Green was born on August 11 (23), 1880 in a small town in the Vyatka province. The father of the future writer was a native of Poland, and his mother was a Russian nurse. Since childhood, the boy dreamed of travel, especially sea travel. Therefore, after graduating from the Vyatka school, he went to Odessa, where he became a sailor.
Despite the fact that he did not work out as a traveling sailor, he managed to visit on a ship abroad. In 1897 he returned to his native land, but a year later he left to seek his fortune in Baku. There he tried many professions, including very difficult ones. In 1902, after a series of wanderings, he entered an infantry battalion as a soldier. However, military service did not go to his advantage. She only strengthened his revolutionary sentiments. He was seen deserting, spent some time in a punishment cell, and after meeting the Socialist-Revolutionary propagandists, he was hiding in Simbirsk. The years 1906–1908 were turning points in his life. It was during this period that his writing talent was revealed.
In 1906, Green's first story appeared - "The Merit of Private Panteleev." Next came the story "The Elephant and the Pug." However, these works did not reach the readers because of the liquidation of the circulation. The first story that reached the reader was "To Italy". Under the pseudonym Green, he first subscribed to the story "Case" (1907). During the same period, he married 24-year-old Vera Abramova. Their love is described in the story "One Hundred Versts Along the River". Soon Green met such famous writers as Tolstoy, Bryusov, Andreev, but most of all he liked to communicate with Kuprin.
In 1910, it became clear to the police that Green was a fugitive exile who had changed his last name, and he was arrested again. From 1914 he worked in the magazine "New Satyricon", in the supplement to which he published his collection. The writer reacted negatively to the February Revolution and wrote a note on this subject "Trifles" (1918). The famous one was published in 1923. In his works, he liked to use fictional cities, for example, Liss, Zurbagan. Creating noble characters, fictional cities, the romantic world of human happiness, Green abstracted himself from the surrounding reality. In recent years, the writer was sick with tuberculosis and lived in the Crimea. There he died on July 8, 1932.
Option 3
Russian prose writer, poet. The real name is Grinevsky. Born on August 11 (23), 1880 in the Slobodskoy Vyatka province in the family of an exiled Pole, a participant in the 1863 uprising. He graduated from the four-year Vyatka city school. He spent six years wandering, working as a loader, excavator, wandering circus performer, and railway worker. In 1902, due to extreme need, he voluntarily entered the soldier's service, spent several months in a punishment cell.
The severity of the soldier's life forced Green to defect, he became close to the revolutionaries and took up clandestine work in various cities of Russia. In 1903 he was arrested, was in the Sevastopol prison, was exiled to Siberia for ten years (fell under the October 1905 amnesty). Until 1910, Green lived under a false passport in St. Petersburg, was again arrested and exiled to Siberia, from where he fled and returned to St. Petersburg. He spent the second, two-year exile in the Arkhangelsk province.
After the first published story "To Italy" the following ones - "The Merit of Private Panteleev" and "The Elephant and the Pug" - were removed from the press by the censors. Green's first collections of short stories, The Invisible Hat and Stories, attracted critical attention. In 1912-1917. Green worked actively, having published about 350 short stories in more than 60 editions.
He enthusiastically greeted the February Revolution of 1917, and considered the subsequent events a tragedy. In the midst of the savagery and chaos that the power of the Bolsheviks brought down on the country, Green wrote such works as the fairy tale "Scarlet Sails", the novels "The Shining World", "The Golden Chain", "Running on the Waves", etc., in which he created his own romantic world of human happiness.
The real life around him rejected Green's world along with its creator. More and more often there were critical remarks about the uselessness of the writer, the myth of "a foreigner in Russian literature" was created, and Green was published less and less. The writer, sick with tuberculosis, left in 1924 for Feodosia, where he was in dire need, and in 1930 he moved to the village of Stary Krym.
Complete biography of A.S. Green
Option 1
Russian writer, author of about four hundred works ... His works in the genre of neo-romanticism, philosophical and psychological, mixed with fantasy. His creations are famous throughout the country, they are loved by adults and children, and the biography of the writer Alexander Green is very rich and interesting.
Early age
The real name of the writer is Grinevsky. Alexander is the first child in his family, where there were only four children. He was born on August 23, 1880, in the Vyatka province, in the town of Slobodskoy. Father - Stefan - Pole and aristocrat warrior. Mother - Anna Lepkova - worked as a nurse.
As a boy, Alexander loved reading. He learned this early, and the first thing he read was a book on Gulliver's Travels. The boy liked books about wandering around the world and sailors. He ran away from home several times to become a navigator.
At the age of 9, little Sasha began to study. He was a very problematic student and caused a lot of trouble: he misbehaved, fought. Once he wrote offensive verses to all teachers, because of this he was expelled from the school. The guys who studied with him nicknamed him Green. The boy liked the nickname, then he used it as a writing pseudonym. In 1892, Alexander was successfully enrolled in another educational institution, with the help of his father.
At the age of 15, the future writer lost his mother. She died of tuberculosis. Less than six months later, my father married again. Green did not get along with dad's new wife. He left home and lived separately. He worked part-time by weaving and gluing book bindings and rewriting documents. He was deeply fond of reading and wrote poetry.
Youth
A short biography of Alexander Green contains information that he really wanted to be a sailor. At the age of 16, the young man graduated from the 4th grade of the school, and with the help of his father, he was able to leave for Odessa. He gave his son a small amount of money for the trip and the address of his friend, who could shelter him for the first time. Upon arrival, Green was in no hurry to look for his father's friend. I didn't want to become a burden to a stranger, I thought I could achieve everything on my own.
But alas, it was very difficult to find a job, and the money ran out quickly. Pobrodyazhnichev and starving, the young man still found his father's friend and asked for help. The man gave him shelter and got him on board the ship Platon as a sailor. Green did not last long on deck. Sailor's routine and hard work turned out to be alien for Alexander, he left the ship, finally quarreling with the captain.
According to his short biography, Alexander Stepanovich Green returned to Vyatka in 1897, where he lived for two years, and then left for Baku to "try his luck." There he worked in various industries. He was engaged in fishing business, then got a job as a laborer, and then became a railroad worker, but even here he did not stay for long. He lived in the Urals, worked as a goldsmith and lumberjack, then as a miner.
In the spring of 1902, tired of wandering, Alexander joined the 213rd Orovaysky reserve infantry battalion. Six months later, he deserted from the army. For half of his life, Green was in solitary confinement for his revolutionary sentiments. In Kamyshin he was caught, but the young man again managed to escape, this time to Simbirsk. In this he was helped by the Socialist-Revolutionary propagandists. He communicated with them in the army.
Since then, Green has rebelled against the social order and enthusiastically spread revolutionary ideas. A year later, he was arrested for such activities, and later caught in an attempt to escape and sent to a maximum security prison. The trial took place in 1905, they wanted to give him 20 years of imprisonment in a cell, but the lawyer insisted on mitigating the sentence, and Green was sent to Siberia for half the term. Very soon, in the fall, Alexander was released early and arrested again six months later in St. Petersburg. While serving his sentence, he was visited by his bride, Vera Abramova, the daughter of a high-ranking official, who secretly supported the revolutionaries. In the spring, Green was sent to the Tobolsk province for four years, but thanks to his father, he got someone else's passport and, under the name Malginov, fled three days later.
Mature years
Soon Alexander Green ceased to be listed as a Social Revolutionary. They played a wedding with Vera Abramova. In 1910, he was already a fairly well-known writer, and then it dawned on the authorities that the fugitive Grinevsky and Green were one and the same person. The writer was again found and arrested. Sent to the Arkhangelsk region.
When the revolution took place, Greene was even more dissatisfied with social norms. Divorces were allowed, and Vera, his wife, took advantage of this. The reasons for the divorce were the lack of understanding and the obstinate quick-tempered nature of Alexander. He tried to go to reconciliation with her more than once, but in vain.
Five years later, Green met Maria Dolidze. Their union was very short-lived, only a few months, and the writer was left alone again.
In 1919, Alexander was called up for service, where Greene was a signalman. Very soon he contracted typhus and was treated for a long time.
In 1921 Alexander married Nina Mironova. They fell in love with each other very much and considered their meeting a magical gift of fate. Nina was then a widow.
last years of life
In 1930, Alexander and Nina moved to the Old Crimea. Then the Soviet censorship motivated the refusal to reprint Green with the phrase: "You do not merge with the era." For fresh books, they set a limit: to publish no more than one per year. Then the Grinevskys "fell to the bottom of poverty" and were terribly starving. Alexander tried to hunt for food, but it was all in vain.
Two years later, the writer died of a stomach tumor. They buried him in the cemetery of the Old Crimea.
Green's creativity
The very first story, entitled "The Merit of Private Panteleev", was written at a difficult time for Alexander, in the summer of 1906. The work began to be published months later in the form of a propaganda brochure for the punishers. It spoke about official, military unrest. Green was rewarded, but the story was removed from print and destroyed. The story "The Elephant and the Pug" overtook the same fate. Several copies were saved at random. The first thing that people could read was the work "To Italy". The writer published these stories under the name Malginov.
Since 1907, he has already signed as Green. One year later, collections of 25 stories per year were published. And they began to pay good fees to Alexander. Green created some of his creations while in exile. At first, he was published only in newspapers, and the first three volumes with works were published in 1913. A year later, Green had already begun to approach writing masterfully. The books became deeper, more interesting and sold out even more.
In the 1950s, stories were still in print. But novels also began to appear: "The Shining World", "The Golden Chain" and others. Alexander Green (biography confirms this) dedicated "Scarlet Sails" to his third wife, Nina. The novel "Impatient" remained unfinished.
After passing away
When Alexander Stepanovich Green died, a collection of his works was published. Nina, his wife, stayed there, but was under occupation. Was sent to Germany, to the camps. When the war ended, upon returning home, she was accused of treason and sentenced to ten years in forced labor camps. All of Green's work was banned and rehabilitated after Stalin died. Then new books began to be released again. While Nina was in the camps, her and Alexander's house passed to other people. The woman sued them for a long time, in the end she "won" him. She made a museum dedicated to her husband-writer, to whom she devoted the rest of her life.
The author is recognized as a romantic. He always said that he is a conductor between the world of dreams and human reality. He believed that the world was ruled by good, light and kind. In his novels and stories, he showed how good and bad deeds are reflected in people. He called to do good to people. For example, in "Scarlet Sails" through the hero he conveyed such a message in the phrase: "He will have a new soul and you will have a new soul, just create a miracle for a person." One of Green's highest themes was the choice between good and high values and low desires and the temptation to do evil.
Alexander knew how to exalt a simple parable in such a way that a deep meaning was revealed in it, explaining everything in simple, understandable words. Critics have always noted the brightness of the plots and the "kinemotagrophic" nature of his works. He freed his characters from the burden of stereotypes. From their belonging to religions, to nationality and so on. He showed the essence of the person himself, his personality.
Poetry
Alexander Stepanovich Green was fond of writing poetry since the time of school, but they began to print them only in 1907. In his autobiography, Alexander told how he sent poems to various newspapers. They were about loneliness, despair and frailty. “It’s like a forty-year-old Chekhov hero was writing, and not a little boy,” he said about himself. His later and more serious poems, in the genre of realism, began to be published. He had lyric poems that were dedicated to his first, and then to his last wife. In the early 1960s, the publication of his collections of poetry failed. Until the poet Leonid Martynov intervened, who said that Green's poems need to be printed, because this is a true heritage.
Place in literature
Alexander Stepanovich Green had neither followers nor predecessors. Critics compared him to many writers, but there were very, very few similarities with anyone. He seemed to be a representative of classical literature, but, on the other hand, special, unique, and it is not known how to accurately determine his creative direction.
The originality of creativity was in the differences in genre. Somewhere there was fantasy, but somewhere there was realism. But the focus on human moral values still refers Green's works more to the classics.
Criticism
Before the revolution, the work of Alexander Stepanovich Green was criticized, many were very dismissive of him. He was condemned for excessive display of violence, for exotic names of characters, accused of imitating foreign authors. Over time, the criticism's negativity diminished. They often began to talk about what the author wanted to say. How he shows life in its real reflection and how he wants to convey to readers the belief in miracles, a call for good and right action. After the 1930s, people began to speak differently about Alexander's works. They began to equate him with the classics and call him the master of the genre.
Views on religion
In his youth, Alexander had a neutral attitude to religion, although he was baptized according to Orthodox customs in childhood. His opinion of religion changed throughout his life. This was noticeable in his works. For example, in The Shining World, he displayed more Christian ideals. The scene where Runa asked God to make faith stronger was cut out due to censorship.
With his wife Nina, they often went to church. Alexander Green, whose biography is presented to your attention in the article, loved the holiday of Holy Easter. He wrote in letters to his first wife that he and Nina were believers. Before his death, Green received communion and confession from a priest invited to the house.
Option 2
Alexander Green (08/23/1880 - 07/08/1932) - Russian writer and poet. His works are classified as neo-romanticism, they are distinguished by a philosophical, psychological orientation, and often contain elements of fantasy.
early years
Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky is a native of the town of Slobodskoy. His father was a Polish nobleman, after the uprising of 1863 he was exiled to the village of Kolyvan. Five years later, he moved to the Vyatka province, where in 1873 he married a young nurse. Alexander was their first son, later his brother and two sisters were born. From an early age, the boy was interested in literature. At the age of six he read The Adventures of Gulliver. Adventure became his favorite genre; in his dreams of sailing, he even ran away from home one day.
In 1889, Alexander entered a real school, where he received the nickname "Green". At the school, he did not differ in exemplary behavior, for which he constantly received comments. In the second grade, he composed a verse that offends teachers and was expelled. The father arranged for his son in another school, which did not have a very good reputation.
In 1895, tuberculosis took the life of Green's mother, and his father had a new wife. Not finding a common language with his stepmother, Alexander began to live separately. He devoted most of his time to reading and writing. Undertook small side jobs: bound books, rewrote documents. Dreams of the sea did not leave him, and in 1896 Green went to Odessa, hoping to become a sailor.
Finding yourself
Arriving in Odessa, the teenager could not find a job, experienced serious financial difficulties. A friend of his father still arranged for him as a sailor on a ship that ply from Odessa to Batumi. Alexander did not like the work on the steamer, and he quickly refused it. In 1897, he decided to return to his homeland, where he lived for a year, and then went on a new journey - to Baku.
On Azerbaijani soil, he worked on railway tracks, was a handyman and a fisherman. For the summer he came to his father, and then went on a journey again. For some time he lived in the Urals, chopped wood, was a miner, served in the theater. And each time he was forced to return to his hated homeland.
Revolutionary activity
In 1902, Green joined the infantry battalion in Penza. Army life strengthened the revolutionary spirit in the young man. He spent six months in the service, and half of the time was in the punishment cell. Then he deserted, but was caught, but soon escaped again. The Social Revolutionaries helped him to hide, in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) Alexander begins to engage in revolutionary activities. "Lanky" - this nickname was given to him by fellow party members - worked in the field of propaganda among workers and military personnel, but did not welcome the terrorist attacks and refused to take part in them.
In 1903, in Sevastopol, Alexander was arrested for his propaganda activities. He attempted to escape, for which he was placed in a prison with a special regime. He spent more than a year in prison, during which time he once again tried to escape. In 1905, Green fell under an amnesty and was released, but a few months later in St. Petersburg he was again arrested. After that, he was exiled to the Tobolsk province, from there Alexander immediately fled to Vyatka. At home, with the help of a friend, he took a new name for himself and, becoming Magilnov, returned to St. Petersburg.
Greene becomes a writer
Since 1906, a major turn took place in Green's life: he begins to study literature. He published his first work, "The Merit of Private Panteleev," under the signature "ASG." The story described the riots in the army. Subsequently, almost all copies were destroyed by the police. The second work - "The Elephant and the Pug" - got into the printing house, but was not printed.
The first story of Alexander, which reached the readers, was the work "To Italy". It was published in the "Exchange Gazette". In 1908, Green published a collection of stories about the Social Revolutionaries, The Invisible Hat. At the same time, the writer begins to form his own view of the social system, and he breaks off relations with the party. Another significant event takes place: Alexander marries Vera Abramova.
In 1910, a new collection of Green's stories was published. In the work of the writer, a transition from realistic works to fabulous-romantic is outlined. Since that time, the writer earns good money, joins the circle of eminent writers, becomes close to A. Kuprin. Peaceful life is broken by a new arrest and exile in the Arkhangelsk province. He returned to St. Petersburg in 1912.
The actions of the works written by Green in exile and after it take place in a fictitious country, which later K. Zelinsky would call Greenlandia. Basically, the publication of Green's writings took place in small newspapers and magazines, including Novoe Slovo, Niva, Rodina. Since 1912, Alexander has been published in a more respectable publication, "Modern World".
In 1913, his wife leaves the writer, and later his beloved father dies. In 1914, Greene began work at the New Satyricon and continued to develop as a writer. In 1916, he was hiding in Finland from the police, who persecuted him for inappropriate feedback about the monarch, and with the beginning of the revolution he returned to St. Petersburg.
Life in Soviet Russia
After the revolution, the "New Satyricon" was closed, and Green was arrested for taking notes expressing rejection of the new government. In 1919, the writer enters the army as a signalman, but soon he is struck by typhus. After his recovery, Alexander was given a room in St. Petersburg, and a quiet period ensued in his life, during which the famous "Scarlet Sails" emerged from his pen. He dedicated this work to his wife Nina Mironova, met her in 1918. After three years they became husband and wife and spent eleven happy years together.
In 1924, the writer's first novel, The Shining World, was published. Some time later, Green and his wife moved to Feodosia. A new novel, The Golden Chain, is published here. In 1926, a work, recognized as a literary masterpiece, appeared - "". At the same time, the writer begins to have difficulties with the publication of his works.
In 1930, Green moved to Crimea. Due to the restriction of publications by the authorities, his family is starving, the spouses are beginning to get sick. At this time, he is working on the novel "Impatient", which he will not have time to finish. The writer finds himself in a hopeless situation when his work becomes useless to anyone, he is denied a pension and any support. At the age of 51, Green dies of stomach cancer. Buried in the Old Crimea. Only after his death it was decided to publish a collection of the writer's works: in 1934, Fantastic Novels were released.
Green's works were actively published after his death until 1944. The Scarlet Sails were especially popular: they were read on the radio, and the ballet of the same name was shown at the Bolshoi Theater. During the struggle against cosmopolitanism, Green, like many writers, was banned. In 1956, his works returned to literature. The writer's wife opens the Green Museum in their home. In 1970, a museum was opened in Feodosia, in 1980 - in Kirov, in 2010 - in Slobodskoye.
Green's work is considered special, the writer did not feel the influence of predecessors, did not have successors, the genre of his works defies classification. Sometimes they tried to compare him with foreign authors, but the comparison turned out to be too superficial. Some Russian libraries and streets of several cities are named after Green. His works have been repeatedly filmed.
Option 3
All the work of Alexander Stepanovich Green is a dream of that wonderful and mysterious world where wonderful, generous heroes live, where good triumphs over evil, and everything conceived comes true. He was sometimes called "the strange storyteller", but Green did not write fairy tales, but the most real works, only he invented exotic names and names for his heroes and the places where they lived - Assol, Gray, Davenant, Lise, Zurbagan , Gel-Gyu ... The writer took the rest from life. True, he described life as beautiful, full of romantic adventures and events, such as all people dream of.
True, the mystery of Alexander Green's life was and remains unsolved until now. He was born into the family of an exiled Pole who worked as a clerk at a brewery. Soon after the birth of the boy, the family moved to Vyatka, where the future writer spent his childhood and youth. This city was so far from the sea that few adults even saw it at all. And nevertheless, from early childhood, the boy literally dreamed of the sea, he was attracted by the "picturesque labor of navigation", free wind and blue sea expanses.
Alexander Green tells in his "Autobiographical Tale" what feelings he experienced when he first saw two real sailors on the Vyatka pier. These were the navigator's students, apparently passing through the city. On the band of the cap of one of them was written "Sevastopol", and the other - "Ochakov". The boy stopped and looked as if enchanted at the guests from another, mysterious and beautiful world. “I wasn't jealous,” Green writes. "I felt admiration and longing."
The writer also said that the first book he saw was "" J. Swift. From this book he learned to read, and, oddly enough, the first word that the little boy put together from letters was the word "sea".
Alexander Green lived like two lives. One, the real one, was disgusting, heavy and joyless. But on the other hand, in dreams and in his works, he, together with his heroes, wandered across the sea, walked through fabulous cities and made friends with strong, noble people.
Some critics believe that Green wrote such works because he sought to enrich, decorate the "painfully poor life" with his "beautiful inventions." The adult life of Alexander Green, however, was also full of wanderings and adventures, but there was nothing mysterious and mysterious in it, and the writer recalled his childhood as a nightmare. “I didn’t know a normal childhood,” he wrote. - In moments of irritation, for willfulness and unsuccessful teaching, they called me "swineherd", "gold-father", they predicted a life for me, full of groveling from people who were successful, successful. "
In 1896, Alexander Green graduated from the city school and was going to go to Odessa, taking with him a basket woven from a willow tree with a change of linen and watercolors to paint somewhere "in India, on the banks of the Ganges ..." The young man decided to get a job as a sailor on a ship and travel around the world, He never thought of his life otherwise.
However, the reality turned out to be not as rosy as it seemed in dreams. It was as difficult to get from Odessa to India and the Ganges as from Vyatka. It was impossible to get a job as a sailor even on local coasters, not to mention large ones that set off on distant voyages. It was possible to get a student on a ship, but no one was taken there for free, and Green arrived in Odessa with six rubles in his pocket. In addition, the young man did not come out with a figure, he was narrow-shouldered and thin, so that even in the future he could hardly turn into a "sea wolf".
However, Alexander Green could not just part with his dream like that. He began to persistently train his body and spirit, even swam behind the breakwater, where more than once experienced swimmers drowned, breaking on beams and stones. True, the strength did not increase, because due to a lack of money, one had to often starve and freeze, because there was nothing to buy clothes for himself.And nevertheless, Green with enviable persistence daily bypassed all ships standing in the harbor - barges, schooners, steamers. Sometimes happiness smiled at him. For the first time, Green set sail on the Platon transport ship, which made voyages through the Black Sea ports.
But Alexander did not sail as a sailor for long. After one or two voyages, he was usually written off to the shore, and not because he did not know how to work or was lazy, but because of his rebellious disposition. And yet he once managed to go on a voyage abroad, and he visited the Egyptian port of Alexandria.
Alexander Green expected to see the Sahara desert and formidable roaring lions just outside the city. When he got out of the city, he found himself in front of a ditch with muddy water, and further stretched a huge territory with vegetable gardens, plantations, palm trees and wells, crossed by roads up and down. There was no Sahara desert at all.
Returning to the ship, Green tried to hide his disappointment and told the sailors how the Bedouin shot him, but missed. And near one of the shops, he seemed to see roses in a jug and wanted to buy one, but then a beautiful Arab woman came out of the door, smiled at him and with the words "Salam aleikum" handed him a rose. Neither Green nor the other sailors knew what the Arab girls were saying to unfamiliar men, whether they were talking to them at all and whether they were giving flowers, but everyone believed the narrator or pretended to believe - the story was very beautiful and exciting.
Having tasted the happiness of the sea, Alexander Stepanovich Green set off to wander around Russia. He worked as a bathhouse attendant, excavator, painter, tried fishing, served as a firefighter in Baku, sailed on the Volga, chopped down timber, drove rafts along the Ural River, mined gold there, once contracted to rewrite roles and even was an actor "on exits."
For all his physical weakness, Alexander Green had a strong will and a rebellious character. He especially did not tolerate humiliation and bullying. Once in the army, he ended up in the 213rd Orovaysky reserve infantry battalion near Penza, where very cruel morals reigned. Four months later, Green escaped from there and hid in the forest until he was found. The fugitive was put under arrest for three weeks on bread and water. It was then that the obstinate soldier was noticed by the Socialist-Revolutionaries. They began giving him their leaflets and political brochures.
Alexander Green was far from politics, however, after reading leaflets, he, with his violent imagination, imagined the life of a revolutionary, full of dangerous adventures and mysterious encounters.
The Social Revolutionaries helped Green escape from the army again, provided him with a fake passport and sent him to Kiev, from where he moved to Odessa, and then to Sevastopol. There, Alexander Green received his first assignment, but for him all this revolutionary work was nothing more than a game. This is also noticeable by the irony with which he later described the members of the Sevastopol organization of the Socialist Revolutionaries in his story about the young lady "Kiska", who played the main role in it.
These were the years when political groups and parties intensified propaganda among the population and called for the overthrow of the existing system. Therefore, the police grabbed all the suspicious, among whom were the amnestied in the first place. Green was arrested and sent into exile. However, the very next day after arriving at the place, he fled and reached Vyatka.
His father got him the passport of a Vyatka resident A.A.Malginov, who had recently died in the hospital, and Alexander Grin returned to St. Petersburg under a false name. However, not for long. After some time, he again ended up in prison and exile, this time in the Arkhangelsk province.
If Green got out of prisons and exile pretty soon, then poverty pursued him constantly. No wonder the writer later recalled that his life path was strewn not with roses, but with nails. And nevertheless, Alexander Green at heart remained a romantic. And he later transferred youthful dreams of exploits and heroes into his stories and stories.
The works of Alexander Stepanovich Green were perceived by different people in different ways. Readers were delighted with them, but many critics considered them too beautiful and exotic. However, Green wrote not only romantic works. He also had lyric poems, poetic feuilletons and fables. In addition, he wrote quite realistic essays and stories. And yet the writer became famous more as a romantic, the author of adventurous adventure works. Many of his heroes were also dreamers and lived a rich inner life.
Another famous writer, Eduard Bagritsky, wrote: “Alexander Grin is one of the favorite authors of my youth. He taught me courage and the joy of life ... "
Alexander Stepanovich Green created his own world, his imaginary country, which is not on geographical maps, but which - and he knew it for sure - exists in the imaginations of all young people. One of the critics very aptly called this country, created by the writer's imagination, "Greenlandia". There were many blue seas in it, along which ships with scarlet sails sailed. They went to the harbors where seemingly ordinary people lived, who had the same problems as in real life.
Therefore, the readers had the impression that this country also really exists. And it differs only in that many dreams come true here.
In this regard, some critics reproached the writer for "foreignness" and wondered why he came up with such strange names for his heroes - Assol, Captain Duke, Tyrreus Davenant - and why the action in his works takes place in cities whose names are not on geographical maps - Zurbagan, Fox ...
It was not by chance that Green gave such strange names to his heroes. Many of them served as a characteristic of the characters in Green's works, such as the cowardly and greedy sailor Kurkul, the impudent Benz or the charming dreamer Assol. In the name of the courageous and noble captain Duke, Alexander Green reflected the attitude of the inhabitants of Odessa towards the Duke of Richelieu - "Pope Duke", whose statue still stands on the embankment of Odessa.
In addition, these invented names and titles once again emphasize that the action takes place in a world of imagination, where nothing seems strange.
However, Green did not invent everything in his works. He took a lot from real life in the descriptions of his heroes, cities and nature. Green said, for example, that many of the signs of Sevastopol, Odessa, Yalta, Feodosia were included in his cities of Lisa, Zurbagan, Gol-Gyu and Gerton.
In Gurton, the action of his novel "The Road to Nowhere", which he wrote in 1929, takes place, and the biography of the protagonist Tyrreus Davenant is very similar to the biography of the writer himself. He, too, was in prison, made an escape, and even from the prison window saw the same thing that Green observed in his time.
Such details of real life are in all the writer's works, so there is no doubt that his artistic imagination was not divorced from reality.
In 1917-1918, Alexander Stepanovich Green conceived one of his most amazing works - “Scarlet Sails”, in which he later wrote the following words: “I understood one simple truth. It is about doing miracles with your own hands. " He did these miracles by creating his works.
In 1923, another novel by Alexander Green, The Shining World, was published, which told about the flying man Druda, his adventures and tragic death. It turns out that there are tragedies in the fantasy world.
Green's works are inhabited by different people, but most of his characters not only dream of miracles, but are ready for the sake of their dreams for the most daring deeds. This is how the death-contemptuous pilot Bitt-Boy, the faithful Sandy, the captain Duke in the story "Captain Duke", the incorruptible Molly in the "Golden Chain", the courageous Tyrreus Davenant from "The Road to Nowhere," the fearless Daisy in "Waves Runner" and other heroes live.
In 1923, Alexander Stepanovich Green leaves for the Crimea, to the sea, for some time he lives in Sevastopol, Yalta, Balaklava, and in May 1924 he settles in Feodosia, which he calls "the city of watercolor tones."
Six years later, in November 1930, the writer, already seriously ill, moved to Old Crimea, which he loved very much for the silence, the vastness of the gardens and also because it is located on a mountain, from where you can endlessly look at the sea.
The Crimean period of Alexander Green's life was especially fruitful. Despite the illness, the writer created at least half of everything that he wrote in his entire short life at this time.
The last years of his life, Alexander Green spent in a small adobe house on the outskirts of the Old Crimea. In his empty room, without a single decoration, there were only a table, chairs and a bed, above which, right in front of the writer's eyes, hung by the lintel a wreck of a ship that had darkened with time and was eaten away by salt.
This is the only object on a dazzling white wall, which Green nailed with his own hands, until the very last moments of his life connected the already terminally ill writer with his beloved sea. Just like his heroes, Green remained faithful to his dream to the end, and it is not for nothing that he is still called the "knight of dreams."
Alexander Stepanovich Green was buried in the mountainous Starokrymskoye cemetery, where the noise and smells of the sea can be heard.
The author of the famous "Scarlet Sails" Alexander Green wrote many other works during his life, maybe not so famous, but no less good - this is a fact. Having created a whole fictional world, he populated it with kindness and mercy, reaching out to the hearts of millions of readers. However, in the field of poetry, Green also distinguished himself by publishing really talented poems, and in general he was a very prolific author.
Facts from the biography of Alexander Green
- The writer's father was a Pole who was exiled to Siberia for taking part in the uprising.
- The real name of Alexander Green is Grinevsky.
- Young Alexander learned to read at the age of 6, starting with the works of Jonathan Swift about Gulliver. His love for literature about adventures and sea voyages to uncharted lands remained with him forever.
- While studying at the school, classmates nicknamed Alexander by the nickname "Green", simply shortening his surname.
- Alexander Green was a difficult teenager, and for problems with behavior he even threatened to be expelled from the school. In the end, it happened, and the reason was an insulting poem written by him, directed against his teachers.
- At the age of 15, Green's mother died, and his father soon remarried. Unable to improve relations with his stepmother, the young writer settled separately from his family.
- As a child, Alexander Green tried to run away from home in order to hire a sailor on some ship and sail away to distant lands.
- He fulfilled his dream of sea voyages when at the age of 16 he was hired as a sailor on a steamer in Odessa. Once he even went abroad, in Egypt.
- Later, Alexander Green entered military service, but quickly hated her and deserted six months later. He was caught and returned to his place, but he escaped again.
- Imbued with the ideas of the revolution, Green supported them, acting as a propagandist.
- After being arrested on suspicion of revolutionary activity in 1903, Alexander Green spent more than a year in prison, while the investigation lasted, making two attempts to escape during this time. In police reports, he was characterized as "an embittered, reserved person, capable of anything, not afraid to risk his life." As a result, Green was sentenced to 10 years in exile, soon amnestied, and then arrested again and exiled for 4 years to the Tobolsk province.
- Three days after arriving at the place of exile, the writer fled, with the help of his father obtained a passport that belonged to a certain Malginov, and went to St. Petersburg.
- Alexander Green signed his works with a variety of pseudonyms - Malginov, Stepanov, Elsa Moravskaya and others.
- Love for the sea was reflected in his soul in the fact that he tattooed himself on his chest in the form of a sailing ship.
- During his life, Alexander Green managed to try many different professions, having been a gold miner, a lumberjack, and a worker on the railway, and a fisherman.
- It was after escaping from exile that Green became a real writer. True, his first works after publication were soon seized by the police and burned, but this did not stop him, as did the subsequent link to Arkhangelsk.
- During the life of Alexander Green, about 400 works came out from under his pen.
- When the Civil War began, he fought in the ranks of the Red Army, but soon became disillusioned with the Bolsheviks, horrified by the violence that swept the country.
- In the 1920s, the Soviet authorities declared Alexander Grin an enemy of the people, and his works were banned from publication.
- During his life, the writer was married three times.
- During all his travels, voluntary and not so, Green never parted with a photograph of his father, always keeping it with him.
- Green's work was strongly influenced by the First World War. From that moment on, his works acquired a pronounced anti-war attitude.
- At one time he was forced to hide from the tsarist authorities in Finland, returning only after the February Revolution.
- Until the end of his days, Alexander Green, in protest against the Bolshevik regime, used the pre-revolutionary spelling and the old calendar.
- One of Green's patrons was.
- The action of many of the writer's works takes place in the same fictional country. Green himself did not give it a name, but thanks to the literary critic Zelinsky, the name "Greenlandia" stuck to it.
- In the 60s of the last century, 30 years after the death of the writer, loud fame came to him, despite the fact that before that he was considered an ideological enemy.
- In honor of Alexander Green, the planetoid Grinevia, discovered by astronomers, was named.
- In the last years of his life, the printing of his works almost ceased, and he died in Koktebel, forgotten and beggar by everyone. After the death of the writer, no one even came to say goodbye to him.
- Since 2000, the Alexander Green Prize has been operating in Russia, awarded to writers for outstanding achievements in the field of adventure literature for children and adolescents.
