Goals: introduce the suffix as a significant part of the word; to form the ability to highlight suffixes in words, to form new words with the help of suffixes.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Checking homework

(Students read their texts.)

III. Knowledge update

Read the proverbs. Explain their meaning.

1) The earth has warmed, do not be late with sowing.

2) Spilled water cannot be collected.

Find words with prefixes. Write them down, highlight the prefixes.

IV. Self-determination to activity

Write down the words. Select their root. Table, stump, pilot.

Name the endings. (Null endings.)

- Explain the lexical meaning of each word.

Compare words by composition. How are they similar? (Consist of a root and a part after the root.)

Who already knows the name of the part of the word that comes after the root? (Children's answers.)

Formulate the topic of the lesson.

V. Work on the topic of the lesson

Textbook work

Ex. 164 (p. 89).

- Read the poem.

What is the name of the part of the word that comes after the root? (Suffix.)

Ex. 165 (p. 89).

- Read the word groups.

Compare the words in each group. How are they similar and how are they different?

What part of the word is used to form new words?

Complete the written assignments for the exercise. (Check. Students read the words in a chain and name the parts of the word.)

What is a suffix?

What are suffixes for?

VI. Physical education minute

VII. Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson

1. Work according to the textbook

Ex. 166 (p. 90).

- Read the text. What city is it talking about?

Complete tasks.

Read the single-root words that you wrote out and name the suffixes in them. (Tver, Tverichi (-ich-), Tver (-SK-).)

What other words in the text have a suffix -sk-1 (Russian, horse.)

- What is the name of the inhabitants of our city (village)?

Read the language details below.

What needs to be done to find a suffix in a word?

Give examples.

Ex. 167 (p. 90).

(Self-execution. Verification.)

My root is in the price.

In the essay, find the prefix me.

You met my suffix in a notebook,

All the same in my diary and in the magazine. (Grade.)

The root is related to the road,

In the assembly, the prefix is \u200b\u200bhidden,

Suffix as in a word diary.

Whole - penetrated into space. (Satellite.)

VIII. Reflection

(Work in pairs.)

Read the words.

House, suburb, birch, fisherman, transition, departure.

Divide them into two groups. ( 1) House, birch, fisherman; 2) transition, departure, suburb)

- On what basis did you separate the words? (In the first group, words formed with the help of suffixes, in the second- with attachments.)

- What is an attachment? What is it for?

What is a suffix? What does it serve?

IX. Summing up the lesson

What new did you learn at the lesson today?

Homework

Write ten words with suffixes.

1. Suffix- this is a morpheme that comes after the root and usually serves to form new words, although it can also be used to form the form of one word.

For example: kind - kindness(suffix - from- derivational) kinder, kinder(suffix - her- formative, forms the form of the comparative degree of the adjective; suffix - eysh- formative, forms the form of the superlative degree of the adjective).

Note!

In some cases, the suffix -j- may not receive a special graphic designation in the word. Its presence can be indicated by vowels e, e, u, i in a position after a consonant or a dividing b, for example: Volga region[j] e[pΛvolzhj], Zaonezh[j] e[zΛn'ezhj].

2. Most suffixes are used to form new words.

Teach - teacher, teachers about, teacher's.

There are relatively few formative suffixes in Russian. The most important among them are the following:

suffixes of the comparative and superlative degrees of the adjective: -her (-ey), -e, -she, -eysh-, -aysh;

Faster, faster, more expensive, older, deepest, wisest.

verb past suffix -l;

Came and found out.

verb imperative suffix -i;

Take it, take it.

some suffixes of nouns as indicators of plural and singular;

Wed: citizen(unit) - citizens(pl.); Friend(unit) - Friends(plural; it is created not only due to the ending -i [a], but also due to the suffix -j- - [druz'j aʹ]); son(unit) - son i(plural; it is created not only due to the ending -i [a], but also due to the suffix -ovj - [sonΛv'j aʹ]); duckling ok(unit) - ducklings a(pl.).

some suffixes of nouns as indicators of oblique cases.

Wed: mother- (No) mater and, time- (No) times and.

The spelling of suffixes depends on the part-of-speech attribution of the word and therefore will be considered when characterizing the corresponding parts of speech.

Note!

1) In linguistics, there is no unity in determining the status of the indicator of the indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) - -t, -ti, -ch ( run, carry, save). Some researchers characterize these morphemes as an ending, others as a suffix. In this guide, we are looking at infinitive indicator(-th, -ty, -ch) like an ending (!).

2) In linguistics, there is no single point of view on participle affiliation ( reading, reading, reading, reading) and gerunds ( reading, reading). In some manuals, participles and gerunds are characterized as independent parts of speech (and in this case the corresponding suffixes will be word-forming), in others - as special forms of the verb (and then the same suffixes will be formative). In this manual, participles and participles are considered as independent parts of speech.

3. Like roots and prefixes, suffixes can change their appearance. At the same time, as in the roots, alternations of consonants and vowels are observed here. In particular, "fluent vowels" are possible.

Wed: book-to-a - book-ek; slip-to-y - slip-ok, sme-n-oh - sme-he, old man - old-c-a, dishes-ts-e - dishes-ets.

Quite regularly in suffixes, alternations of consonants and combinations of sounds are observed (k / h, ova / yj).

Wed: book-to-a - book-ech-to-a, com-ok - com-och-ek, fir-ova -t - fir-uj-yu.

4. In general, when selecting suffixes and suffix complexes, it is necessary to focus on the words from which the given word is formed. It is convenient to use a paraphrase with such a single-root word.

For example:

Let's compare the morphemic composition of nouns: Sasha, cherry, pea.
Let's compare the morphemic composition of adjectives: dreamy and conscious.

Note!

The most common errors in suffix selection are as follows.

1) Assigning the final letters of the suffix to the ending. This happens especially often with suffixes: -enij ( e) - vlad-enij -e, -tij(e) - take-tij-e, -ij(e) - proud-ij-e, -j(e) - happiness-j-e, -j(yo) - old-j-e, -atsij(I) - delegate-acj-i, -ij(I) - arm-ij-i. In all these cases and j or j refer to the suffix, not the ending (!).

2) Assigning to the suffix part of the root or part of the previous suffix (usually if there are identical sounds and letters at the end of the word).

3) Non-distinguishing between individual suffixes and the sum of suffixes.

Wed: touch- awn (from kosn th, Where kosn- - root), ready-ness (from ready th, Where ready- - root), letters-n- awn (cf .: letters - A → diplomas-n- th → letters-n- awn).

After vowels and after b, b, the letters E, E, Yu, I denote two sounds, one of which (or is often indicated). It is this sound that can be a suffix or part of a suffix. This proves the correctness of the allocation of the morpheme. You can check the correctness of the parsing in the word-formation dictionary. Forms verbs with reflexive meaning.

See what the "Basic suffixes of the Russian language" are in other dictionaries:

In works of art, suffixes can give words the necessary emotional coloring: diminutive, affectionate, exaggerated. With the help of such words, the author (hero, narrator) expresses various shades of feelings: the suffix reveals and shows the speaker's attitude to the subject under discussion, quality, attribute. Suffix - This term has other meanings, see Suffix (meanings). Borrowed words in Russian - Borrowing of foreign words is one of the ways to develop the modern language. Language always responds quickly and flexibly to the needs of society.

Moreover, in the vast majority of the training options prepared by the FIPI, the tasks actually contain mostly verbs in an indefinite form, participles, participles, adjectives. Can there be questions about the spelling of noun suffixes? Exception verbs for this task are of no interest: after all, you need to find out the letter not in the ending, but in the suffix. You need to do something else: learn to accurately determine from which verb participles and gerunds are formed. What are these suffixes and how to write them, you have to figure it out.

The suffix -ad- forms nouns with the meaning of a woman or wife: hits. With the help of the same suffix, words can also be formed from adjectives: strong. Affixal morphs that protrude only between two simple stems as part of a complex stem are called interfixal (connective).

word-building

Could you explain to me: how to determine if there is one suffix in a word or several? We've arrived. It turns out that you need to learn about each word separately in the dictionary, for example, the suffix there -ovnik- or the suffixes -ov- and -nick-. And so with the rest of the words. But here it is necessary to understand the principles of word formation. And why is the topic in GRAMMAR, and not in WORD FORMATION, by the way? In general, there is a morpheme ...

There are relatively few formative suffixes in Russian. Some researchers characterize these morphemes as an ending, others as a suffix. The suffix -tel is not singled out in this case, since there is no noun consciousness in Russian. 5. Suffixes take a position after the root before the ending (if the word has it).

Suppose that it is necessary to determine the morphemic composition of the word run. At first glance, it consists of a root and a zero ending. This suffix is zero: running Ø, blue Ø, quiet Ø (in addition, it should be noted in passing, they also have a zero ending). 1 In this case, we are talking only about the suffixal method of word formation and its variety - zero suffixation. Word-building and morphemic dictionary of the Russian language Galiullina K.R. (derivative nests and division of the word into morphemes are presented). In what words in modern Russian prefixes pre- and pre- are no longer distinguished?

For example: shift-shifter, teacher-tel, pilot-chik, caring-liv-th. 3) -tel- serves to form verbal them. nouns. Some suffixes serve not only to create new words, but are also necessary for their stylistic coloring.

This is easy to do if you pick up single-root words. You can take the word "tradition", which is motivating for this adjective. In the word "tradition" the ending is -ya, to be more precise, -ja, the rest is the root, which means that in the searched word it is necessary to single out the root "tradition-". A suffix is a part of a word with which you can replenish the vocabulary of the language and expand its diversity. Parsing a word in parts is studied by morphemics. At dictations, presentations and exams, there is often a task for parsing a word. There is nothing difficult in parsing a word, the main thing is to understand the basic rules of parsing and learn morphemes.

The suffix is one of the morphemes of the Russian language. Like any other morpheme, the suffix can be easily detected by morphemic analysis of the word. There is an analysis scheme that facilitates the work.

The order of morphemic parsing of a word

Ask a question for a word to determine the part of speech.
The ending is the part of the word that changes. To search, we change the word: conjugate or decline.
The base is the part that remains after the separation of the end. In this part, you should look for the root, prefix and suffix.
The root is the common part of single-root words. To correctly highlight it, you need to find the maximum possible number of related words.
We find the prefix before the root, at the beginning of the word.
The suffix should be looked for after the root, before the end.

Not all words have all morphemes.

An ending missing from a word is called a null ending. Invariable words (adverb, gerund) have no endings.

There are words with two roots. "Biology" is a word with two roots.

Many words without a prefix and without a suffix. At the same time, it can also be found with several prefixes or suffixes. The word "teaching" has two suffixes, and "to teach" has three.

The suffix "sya" (or "ss") standing after the end is called a postfix.

The main function of the suffix is the formation of new words. The suffix "l" is used to form the past tense of the verb and is not included in the stem.

Each part of speech has characteristic suffixes. "Ik", "ets" - suffixes of nouns ("stallion", "blueberry"). "Enn", "ist" - adjectives ("morning", "silver"). The pronoun even has characteristic suffixes: "that", "either", "something" ("someone", "something").

An example of morphemic parsing of the word "rainy"

"Which?" - adjective.
"Rainy", "rainy", "rainy" - the ending will be "th".
The base is rainy.
Single-root words: "rain", "rainy", "rain", "raininess", "rain", "rain inlet", "raincoat", "rain".
There is no prefix in the word.

The suffix of the word "liv" shows the possession of some quality.

Conclusion:

We did a morphemic analysis of the word "rainy" and found the suffix "liv".

It is necessary to highlight the ending -th. Everything else will be the base.

Now we need to find the root. This is easy to do if you pick up single-root words. You can take the word "tradition", which is motivating for this adjective. In the word "tradition" the ending is -ya, to be more precise, -ja, the rest is the root, which means that in the searched word it is necessary to highlight the root "tradition-". The rest of the word, respectively, will be a suffix.

Sometimes, to isolate the suffix, the operations performed are not enough - it is necessary to establish the motivation, that is, the method of formation of this word. For example, the word "needle". Many will rush to highlight the suffix "points" in the word, but this will be a mistake. If we disassemble the formation of the word, we get the following:

Needle -> needle (k) a -> needle (och) (k) a

Thus, in the word "needle" there will be two suffixes - -och- and -k-.

Some suffixes can simply be remembered and highlighted, as they say, on the machine. For example, in past tense verbs, in the overwhelming majority of cases, the suffix -l- will be highlighted. In nouns, diminutive suffixes -points-, -points-, -enk-, -ank-, -ok-, -chik- and others are easily distinguished. Adverb suffixes -а-, -о-, -е- are often singled out as endings, but adverbs cannot have endings, since this is an invariable part of speech.

The postfix -sya- in indefinite forms of the verb is usually defined as a syncretic morpheme, that is, both as a suffix and as an ending, and is distinguished by two suffix signs.

Sources:

Basic suffixes in Russian

The younger brother asks you to explain to him what a suffix is, and you have doubts about the answer? It's time to remember the lessons of the Russian language. A suffix is a morpheme (a meaningful part of a word) that comes after the root and serves to form new words. The task of extracting a suffix in a word will seem easy if you follow the following scheme.

You will need

A sheet of paper, a pencil, a morpheme dictionary of the Russian language for self-examination

Instruction

Write down the right word on a piece of paper, for example: space. From the definition, we know what is after the root, so first you need to highlight by choosing the same root words: cosmonaut, cosmo-odrom, micro-cosm, cosmic (root -cosm-). The root is the smallest part of a word that is repeated in all .

Now find the suffix, remembering that it follows the root: cosmic-ic - suffix -ic-. Note that the suffix does not include (in this case -y). To emphasize the ending, change the word until it becomes clear which part of the word remains unchanged. Everything but her is an ending: cosmic, cosmic, cosmic, cosmic, cosmic, cosmic, etc. (ending -th).

Try to find words with the same suffix and think about what common meaning this suffix can have for these words. Note also that the language has a limited number of suffixes, so almost all of them are repeated from word to word. For example: cosmic, acoustic, artistic, symbolic, hygienic, etc. The suffix -ichesk- forms an adjective from a noun and has the meaning of property or connection with what this original noun means (cosmic - associated with a kosos, related to the cosmos).

Tip 4: How to define the root, suffix and prefix

The basis of almost all words is a prefix, a root and a suffix. Unlike endings, they are invariable parts of the lexeme and carry a semantic load.

In cognates, alternation of vowels or consonants is possible. Such roots include milk / milk, rast / rasch / ros, etc. This is due to their origin and to the general process of language development. Such phonetic alternations in the root of words with the same root are not rare in the language. In order to correctly highlight such roots in a letter, sometimes it is simply necessary to know what contributed to this. This could be the loss of nasal vowels in the Russian language due to the trend of simplification, the presence of the two most powerful dialects that made up the modern Russian language - the St. Petersburg “okaying” dialect and the Moscow “okaying” dialect, etc.

Suffix

The place of the suffix is immediately after the root. The suffix carries an additional meaning and is able to change the main meaning of the word. Thanks to the suffix, you can transform one part of speech into another, add emotional expressiveness, etc. For example, if the suffix “ik” is added to the word “house”, then an additional diminutive value appears. By adding the suffix "n" to the noun "interest", you get the adjective "interesting".

Based on the foregoing, a suffix can be defined as a meaningful part of a word that carries an additional semantic load, occupying a position after the root.

Console

The prefix, like the suffix, carries an additional meaning and can change the main meaning of the lexeme. For example, if you add the prefix “to” to the imperfective verb “play”, it is converted into a perfective verb. Being a prefix, the prefix occupies a position up to the root.

Thus, a prefix can be defined as a meaningful part of a word that carries an additional semantic load and occupies a position before the root.

It is possible to single out the basis, in writing, if you decline the noun, adjective in cases, or conjugate the verb in persons. That part of the word that remains unchanged and will form the basis of the lexeme.

International Thank You Day: congratulations in verse and SMS January 11 is International Thank You Day

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