Children's parties at home. Fairy-tale scripts and quizzes Kogan Marina Solomonovna
Quiz "Fairytale transport"
You can also use these questions to guide your warm-up.
On what just did not the fairy-tale heroes move! So who used what? Remember.
Topic of the week "Transport" Lesson 25. The train is racing (Free choice of material) Program content. Learn to depict objects similar to different geometric shapes (rectangle, circle, square). Draw complex objects with a simple pencil, transferring the shape of the main
From the book Modeling with children 4-5 years old. Lesson notes author Koldina Daria NikolaevnaTopic of the week "Transport" Lesson 13. Boat with oars (Modeling from plasticine) Program content. Continue learning to roll an oval out of the ball, flatten it and press in the middle with your fingers, tighten and trim the edges. Roll out sausages, flatten with fingers from one
From the book Lepka with children 3-4 years old. Lesson notes author Koldina Daria NikolaevnaTopic of the week "Transport" Lesson 24. Typewriter (Modeling from plasticine) Program content. Continue teaching children to sculpt objects from plasticine, consisting of several parts. Develop speech, thinking. Demonstration material. Toys or object pictures with
From the book Classes on the development of speech in the second junior group kindergarten... Lesson plans authorTask 5. Literary quiz Part I. The teacher shows the cover of the book (illustration, reads an excerpt from a fairy tale). The child, as he can, names the fairy tale (for example: "About the geese that took the boy to Baba Yaga") and tells how the story ended. Baby good
From the book Classes on the development of speech in the middle group of kindergarten. Lesson plans author Gerbova Valentina ViktorovnaTransport This picture, just like the picture "Tissue Samples", contributes to the enrichment and activation of the children's vocabulary. The teacher specifies how to call an airplane, a ship and a train (electric train) in one word. Asks who would go on a trip on what transport and
From the book From zero to ABC book author Anikeeva Larisa ShikovnaPersonal transport The most necessary thing for walking - a stroller - you will need from the very first days. Even before going out, you can use it at home as a cozy nest for your baby. In confined spaces, he will feel more comfortable and
From the book The Most Important Book for Parents (collection) author Gippenreiter Yulia Borisovna From the book Children's Holidays at Home. Fantasy scenarios and quizzes author Kogan Marina SolomonovnaQuiz "Throw-ka" Literary quiz for primary school children Before holding a quiz, it is advisable to talk with children about what fiction is, remember what books they have read, what characters they know. Good afternoon,
From the book What to do if a child does not want to ... author Vnukova MarinaQuiz "Guess the work" Recall the names of the works by the initial phrases. Answer form Answers: 1. N. Nosov. "The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends." 2.P. Ershov. "The Little Humpbacked Horse". 3.V. Gough. "Little Longnose". 4.E. Veltistov. "Adventures of Electronics". 5.P. Bazhov.
From the book of Mamamania. Simple Truths, or Raising with Love author Popova-Yakovleva EvgeniyaQuiz "Guess the heroes of fairy tales and literary works (by prompts)" Host. Guess the clue which hero is in question. The fewer hints you use, the more points you get. One hint is 9 points, two hints are 8 points, and so on.
From the author's bookQuiz "Guess-2" One hint - 5 points, two - 4 points, etc., that is, if five hints are used, then 1 point is awarded. 11. From the moment he was born, HE could swim. 2. He didn’t like being raised, but he didn’t leave his “educators” in trouble. Like all children
From the author's bookFairy Alphabet Quiz The quiz can be run as a competition between teams. 15 seconds are allotted for discussion of the question, the answers are given in writing. Before starting the game, 33 questions are compiled with answers to all letters of the alphabet. The letters Y, E, L, B, Y are offered
From the author's bookQuiz game "Round dance of fairy tales" It is advisable to divide the children into two groups before starting the game and invite them to prepare a little: come up with a name for the group, draw an emblem, choose a musical epigraph (a phrase or a verse of a song), prepare costumes for the characters,
From the author's bookQuiz "At the Zoo" Options for the quiz. A. If the quiz is not a team quiz, each participant can choose a card with a question and answer it B. Team play. Each team is asked to answer a certain number of questions (two teams - 15
MBOU "Secondary School No. 15"
urban district city of Salavat
Research
Vehicles by air in literary works
5a grade student
Supervisor:
Davletbaeva Olga Vasilievna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
the highest qualification category
Salavat 2014
My research hypothesis: "... but could people really take off without all these" flying "devices?"
Research goals and objectives:
1) To analyze the prototypes of what kind of flying vehicles were fabulous and literary "flying" devices.
2) Create a kind of library of fabulous and literary flying heroes.
3) Prepare a series of conversations on this topic for primary school students, which I could conduct myself.
I. INTRODUCTION
AT 
In my research work, I want to talk about some of the “flying” fairy and literary heroes and their “flying” adaptations, and also try to understand and explain why many literary and fairytale heroes flew long before the first manned flight into space. Unfortunately, no one knows when a person first raised his head to the sky and drew attention to its frightening size and at the same time fantastic beauty. We also do not know the time when a person first noticed the birds soaring in the air, and the thought arose in his head to follow them. As any, even the longest path begins with one small step, so the long history of conquering airspace began with an ordinary dream. Scientists believe that this happened a long time ago. And for a long time man saw only one opportunity to rise to heavenly heights - to become like birds and gain wings.
AT 
Unlike most animals, man is given to see the blue sky, covered with white, like cotton, clouds, the bright, yellow Sun and carefree fluttering colorful birds. He could not help but take advantage of this. The sky delighted and attracted to itself. This is how a dream was born, which was first embodied in legends and then came true. And yet, some scientists believe that people flew in ancient times. Why did they descend back to earth, losing their wings? The sky has always been fraught with many mysteries - is humanity destined, in the 20th century, to fly up to the clouds again, to solve them? Memories of this kind of flights over the years have undergone some changes and in a simplified form have survived to this day in the form of folklore images. In the legends of the northern peoples, the flight technique was described very simply: a fire was kindled from shavings, covered with a wet mat, anyone could sit on the mat, and he was lifted up into the heavens by the heat up to the Lord God himself. By the way, on the other side of the earth, the aborigines of Oceania have a similar myth about their journey to the heavenly land of their ancestors with the help of a smoke jet: “Iolofat sat down on a stream of smoke and climbed to the Lang” or “a woman entered a pillar of smoke and went up to heaven with it. .. "Perhaps, it was this method of aeronautics that served as a prototype for the" flying ships ", which are mentioned not only in many fairy tales, but also in the myths of the peoples of the world
II
... Mythical and fabulous flying heroes of Russian fairy tales
If you carefully study the history of the development of human society, you will notice that each ancient people who inhabited the Earth had their own fabulous and mi physical flying heroes. The wings folded behind their backs had kind and sometimes sacred creatures descending to the Earth. They were also equipped with terrible dragons, bringing evil to people. Every wise wizard had to fly first of all. What kind of almighty he is, even if he cannot fly? .. And since no one yet knew exactly how to fly in real, then people came up with who was in that much. The inhabitants of the fairy world flew on everything! In Russian fairy tales, these characters cut the air with a fiery feather, then with a heavy serpent-mountainous body, or with a stupa or a curly horse mane. From legend to legend according to are new, closely intertwining children's tales with an ancient and half-forgotten mythology, in which the echoes of pagan tribes of farmers, nomads, warriors are mixed. In Russian fairy tales, you can find traces of the most diverse cultures of the West and East, North and South. The Phoenix Bird is a Firebird, a dragon with three heads, winged shoes, often known as running boots, a flying carpet. Our glider pilots consider as their direct ancestor the one who once hovered on this flying carpet. The flying carpet was built as a tailless glider, according to the latest technology. "What? - said one of the pilots in the Crimea, in Koktebel. "If the updrafts are good, you can try it on the carpet, if nothing else is at hand."
All these creatures and magical attributes, created for flight, are present in one way or another in almost every fairy tale, thereby creating a cunningly intertwined but integral layer of Russian mythology and culture. It is noteworthy that
most of the flying characters in Russian fairy tales, unlike those in Europe, are not the embodiment of a person's dream of flying. Their ability to fly is not a miracle; you can negotiate with them, catch, tame, outwit, or, in the end, just communicate on equal terms. On the other hand, among the main characters there are often beauties and beauties, princes and princesses, who, "throwing themselves on the ground", can turn into a dove or a falcon, a sparrow and even a bumblebee.B 
most people flew in fairy tales on different brooms. Every real witch had a little broom or pomelo. The famous Russian witch, Bab Yaga, was the first to replace the broom with a wooden mortar. This apparatus was controlled by a pestle. Baba Yaga is the most popular flying character in Russian fairy tales. He invariably moves through the air in a mortar, often waving a broom. Baba Yaga prefers to spend days and nights in her quaint hut or in the company of Leshey and Kikimora. The appearance in a fairy tale of her stupa, cutting through the sky above the forest, does not, as a rule, promise anything good - Bone Leg strives to eat any human flesh. But there is a hole in the old woman, and Yaga is by no means devoid of human weaknesses - if you please her, she will reveal to the brave hero the kladens of her ancient wisdom: she will give the right blade of grass, then she will tell you what and where in the forest you can get. Baba - Yaga, the spirit of the forest, Russian dashing, a fabulous creature that terrifies ordinary mortals with its really scary appearance and way of life is an independent magical force that must be reckoned with not because she can fly, but because she simply exists in those magical Russian forests, where sometimes only heroes and fools are brought.
However, some witches loved to fly on a black goat. It was fun to sit on it with your back forward and hold on to the goat's tail. Many people in fairy tales showed the wonders of flight art on magical 
horses. The famous Ivan the Fool was racing on a hot mare. Following the example of the witches, he also sat on a horse backwards. Rolled across the sky to make thunder and 
lightning the prophet Elijah. He had a lumbering chariot. When a new plane was accepted into the royal army, a prayer service to Elijah the Prophet was served. Many other famous and glorious heroes also flew on horses: the Greek Bellerophon was worn on the winged horse Pegasus. Son The Sun Phaethon, having climbed on to his father's chariot, went to shine for people, but he got confused and shattered.
III
.
Flying heroes of children's literary tales and stories
After dragons, all sorts of extravaganzas and witches, the ability to fly for heroes and antiheroes migrated to a more harmless and safe form of children's literary tales. In children's fairy tales of the West, flights often occur: Little Muk (V. Gauf) has shoes that carry him wherever he wants, the Snow Queen (G.H. Andersen) rolls sick Kai across the sky in her cold sleigh ...
However, there are not so many characters for whom flying is as natural as it is for us to walk. However, several such magical heroes can be remembered even without rereading a specially book of fairy tales. Peter Pan by James Barry is one of the most famous fairy-tale "flyers". This is one of the few characters that flies by itself, without additional magical attributes, and this is as natural for him as breathing air. The boy Peter, visiting the houses of city dwellers, in one of the rooms loses his shadow, without which he needs to fly away 
as it is impossible. This accident allows a whole group of children to fly over the city and the fabulous lands. To make this possible, you just need to shake gently (and, by the way, as long as you have enough patience) the magic fairy, whose sparkling pollen, barely touching the body, is able to lift 
wow anyone. And in order to calmly and freely soar on a summer night over a sleeping city, apart from a grain of miracle, only a little confidence and desire are needed. Break away from everyday life and, trusting the will of chance and a beautiful hero, fly to the country of their m 
dreams and be free so that the forces of gravity cease to be of any significant importance. The character of S. Lagerlöf's story about the incredible adventures of Niels and the goose flock also had to fly throughout almost the entire fairy tale. And although there was also witchcraft, which made him a boy with a finger, it was still much more anxious for him to fly, clinging to the feathers on the neck of a domestic goose that was not used to flying and fearing to break off from the wind or too sharp a turn. Here the ability to move through the air is an annoying and very exciting necessity on the way to save the boy from the spell of the irritated dwarf magician. Another thing is the goose Martin, who knew neither the sweet sensation of a long flight, nor the lands beyond the poultry yard. For him, just the opportunity to join a flock of wild geese is the only way to get rid of the routine life of a village bird and the fate of a hot dinner with baked apples and praise to the hostess about her culinary talents. The transformation of the inexperienced and slightly naive Martin into the hero of the wild goose flock is a miracle, probably more important than the ability to fly. That is why the author, in the end, leaves a free sky for the birds, and for a person - the opportunity to emerge victorious from any incredible situations.
ABOUT 
however, the most charming flying inhabitant of European fairy tales remains cheerful, Carlson, who, with the light hand of Astrid Lindgren, lives on the roof and, thanks to talented Russian animators, has become a favorite hero of all children from 4 to 80 years old. With a small and lightweight propeller behind him, he is free to roam from floor to floor, peering into the windows from the street, playing pranks here and there, sowing a slight mess behind the back of grumpy nannies and housewives. Gaiety, the ability to give joy to others and turn everything into a good joke are completely human properties, but meeting them in life can be as difficult as a soaring passer-by. Carlson's ability to fly is just a consequence of his light, but by no means frivolous nature. And it doesn’t matter if the motor suddenly starts running out - a can of raspberry jam, and everything will be fine again. Baron Munchausen (E. Raspe) was a good amateur pilot, according to his own words. He was a master at all sorts of inventions. Once he made a daring flight on ducks strung with a garland on a string. In another case, he managed to break the speed record by flying on a cannonball.
IV
... conclusionsHaving researched this topic, having analyzed works of art, I came to the following conclusions. Fairy-tale and literary heroes rise into the air thanks to the amazing fantasy of man, thanks to his eternal desire to overcome gravity, rise above ordinary life and feel real freedom in order to feel the volume and infinity of the world. That is why they do not need special, smart devices. They fly with the simplest things found in the house. These are: a broom with which they sweep the floor or courtyard, a stupa in which they pushed grain to obtain flour, a carpet that decorates a dwelling, boots that were previously worn by the richest townspeople, a cart (aka chariot) in which they carried their belongings, a sled, on which children still ride in the winter from the mountain, an umbrella that is used to protect from the rain, a propeller that looks like a fan for cooling the air, a balloon that is given for a birthday. That is why the most real domestic and wild animals and birds fly: a horse, a mare, a humpbacked foal, a goat, a deer, a wolf, swan geese, ducks. And some fly without even leaving the house, like the girl Ellie, and the loving boy Vakula manages to ride the devil himself. And, finally, the "most-most" did not find anything more suitable at hand than an ordinary cannonball. They do not need any preparation, and they are ready to move in space and time and fly as long as a person is able to dream of flying, until one day a person flaps his arms-wings and flies ...
Attachment 1
Flying device
Koschei the Deathless -
the main negative character of Russian fairy tales, whose death is at the end of a needle, which is in an egg, and an egg is in a pike, a pike in a duck, a duck in a falcon, a falcon in a chest, a chest under the roots of an oak on Buyan Island. It is with him that good fellows have to fight before finding their "princess-frog"L 
flies by itself with the help of wings
through the tales of all the peoples of the world
Fire-breathing dragon
(one or many-headed) - the main negative character of many legends of the peoples of Europe
Wings
Baba Yaga lives in most Russian folk tales. He always only threatens to commit villainy, and most often helps good fellows to find Elena the Beautiful or Vasilisa the Wise
Broom, stupa
AND 
van tsarevich,
FROM 
gray wolf, Humpbacked Horse, flying carpet
Witches live orally folk art peoples of Europe, in W. Shakespeare's tragedy "Macbeth", in modern children's horror films, and in fantasy, in Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita"
M 
etla
"Daedalus and Icarus" (from myths Ancient Greece)
FROM 
homemade wings.
"Little Muck"
B 
ashmaks
"The Snow Queen"
L
flying sleigh
"Peter Pan"
FROM 
am on my own, without additional attributes, sprinkled with the pollen of the Tinker Bell
Niels' Wonderful Journey with Wild Geese
D 
wild geese
"Mary Poppins"
Umbrella laughing gas
"Three stories about the Little Boy and
P 
ropeller
"Winnie the Pooh and everything, everything, everything"
AT 
balloon
"Dunno in the Solar City", "Dunno on the Moon"
AT 
balloon
« 
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen "
Have 
cloth, core
Research results
1) I have read and analyzed Russian folk tales, fairy tales and legends of the peoples of the world, and fictional works of famous children's writers, in which fairy and literary heroes fly by themselves or with the help of a "flying" device.
2) Compiled an illustrated catalog of flying heroes and their means of transportation and tried to determine the prototype of what kind of modern aircraft this "flying" device could be.
3) Prepared a Power Point presentation and defended it at class hour as part of a school-wide decade of research.
4) Prepared a text illustrated booklet that can be used as a visual aid and as a kind of encyclopedia of flying heroes.
5) Drew up a plan and schedule for conducting conversations on the research topic in primary school... I held them in December 2014 in the 1st and 2nd grades of my school.
What are the fabulous vehicles you know and got the best answer
Answer from Varvara Shelkovskaya [guru]
Geese swans - geese
Masha and the Bear - a box with pies and Masha
The frog princess - korobchenka
the chanterelle used the wolf as a vehicle
A hut on chicken legs
STORM-HORSE - horse of Perun:
"Perun's horse has a pearl tail, his mane is gilded, all adorned with large pearls, and in his eyes he has a Margarita stone, wherever he looks - everything is on fire."
A LIGHT-WINGED BOAT, harnessed by white or golden swans, is a vehicle for the Slavic gods or fairy-tale heroes.
DOBROGOST - among the Western Slavs, the patron saint of good news, the messenger of the gods - something like the ancient Hermes (Mercury).
Descending from heaven, he put on winged boots, reminiscent of the boots-runners of Russian fairy tales.
Answer from Hummingbird fresh[guru]
teleport
Answer from Grigoriy Shtarkman[guru]
Kernel (Munghausen). , wild geese (Niels, the traveler frog)
And the word "boots" is not inclined (except for walking boots)
Answer from ~ Caroline ~[master]
baba Yaga mortar, flying carpet, flying ship, sivka burka, running boots, geese-swans, gray wolf, hut on chicken legs, help of wizards, pumpkin carriage, oven, humpback horse, fairy-tale heroes sometimes turn into animals and runs away, hell, riding animals and birds, wearing an invisible hat, a broom, magic shoes (flying)
Answer from Alexander Perevozchikov[guru]
Gray wolf, pepelats, stove, stupa, magic ring, Sivka-burka
Answer from Yovetlana Prokofieva[guru]
Walking boots!
Answer from Echidna[guru]
house, silver shoes and flying monkeys - "emerald city"
train - "Alice through the looking glass"
may beetle, water strider and other insects - a fairy tale about an ant who was late for an anthill
umbrella - Mary Poppins
coffin - a lady at Gogol's
Answer from Vladimir Vekshin[guru]
A broom, a broom, a stove from "By the Pike's Command", in the same place, and the sled on which Emelya rode from the forest, sledges-scooters are mentioned in the tale "The Rooster and the Cat", as edited by Ushinsky, a hut on chicken legs, geese-swans, gin from 1000 and one night, which takes the hero to different places, somewhere there is a magic ring, with the same functions. There is a Russian folk tale "The Flying Ship", in various tales the hero escapes on an eagle, feeding him meat cut off from his thigh. If you remember the mythology, then there is Pegasus, sandals on which Perseus fought with a dragon, centaurs, clouds.
Answer from Qwerqwerqwe rqwerqwerqw[master]
If according to the modern
Vacuum cleaner-broom This is for babaezhki
Airplane carpet For all sorts of tourists and aladdins.
Deltoplane - eagle. For extreme sports and hobbits.
Fighter - Dragon For pilots and Aragons.
The machine is a wolf for everyone and Ivan the Fool.
Tank - Stove for tankers and all kinds of ere.
You can associate for a long time. The main thing is that we have transports that are no worse than in fairy tales.
About the time machine ... This is more a realm of science fiction than fairy tales.
Answer from Yoamilo Kishka[guru]
Little Flour's shoes
Answer from Fabull[guru]
Bake. Damn (evenings on a farm near Dikanka)
Answer from Nick Storozhev[guru]
donkey
Answer from Daria[guru]
disappear instantly and appear where necessary, in the old fairy tale there was a flying ship
broom, stove, sivka-burka, and fairy wizards help the like
Answer from Anatoly[guru]
wolf, eagle, dragon, barrel
Answer from Observer[guru]
A flying carpet, a pepelats, a stupa with a broom at Baba Yaga, at the behest of a pike ...
Answer from Vladimir Iorgansky[guru]
A simi-flower (made a choice and moved)
Baba Yaga stupa
Baba Yaga is the guard of the passage to the Far-away kingdom of the dead, she herself is half-dead. Therefore, she has a bone leg, and she lies in the coffin-hut “from corner to corner, her nose has grown into the ceiling.” The cottage on chicken legs resembles little Finno burial houses -Ugric tribes, who put on high hemp. The Slavs, who lived side by side with these tribes, met such "houses for the dead" in the forest and could come up with a hut on chicken legs, in which a dead grandmother sits and guards the entrance to the Dead Kingdom. And the dead cannot walk, so the only way for Baba Yaga to get around is stupa and pomelo, with which she covers her tracks so that none of the uninitiated can find therethe road.
"The Flying Carpet" is the very first fairytale painting by Vasnetsov. He chose a motif unprecedented for fine art and expressed the people's long-standing dream of free flight, giving the picture a poetic sound.
In the wonderful sky of his childhood, Vasnetsov depicted a flying carpet soaring like a fabulous bird. The victorious hero in smart attire stands proudly on the carpet, holding a cage with a captured Firebird by the golden ring, from which an unearthly radiance emanates. Everything is done in bright colors. The earth goes to sleep. The river reflects the coastal bushes, and these reflections, and the fog, and the light of the month evoke lyrical feelings.
How did the characters in the works of the classics of Russian literature move?
It is impossible to imagine the hero of "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow" without his constant wagon, Chichikov - without the chaise, which rushes across the expanses of Russia "bird troika", traveling through Europe Onegin - without his "light carriage". But do we have a good idea of \u200b\u200bthese crews? And why does the author appoint such a means of transportation to his hero, and not another?
In ancient times, when there were still no railways or buses, horse-drawn carriages on wheels or runners were the only means of transportation over more or less long distances. How did our heroes move outside the city or their own estate? There were four ways. The cheapest - of course, for the haves - in a personal carriage, with its own coachman, on its own horses. But this took a long time: the horses had to be stopped frequently for rest and feeding. It was called a ride"FOR OWN" or "FOR LONG". It was in this, the most economical way, that Tatyana Larina got to Moscow - presumably from the Pskov village:
Unfortunately, Larina dragged herself
Afraid of the dear ones
Not on the post office, on our own,
And our maiden enjoyed
Road boredom is quite:
One traveled for seven days.
The second way is ridingBY POST, or BY POST, - was possible only onPOSTAL LINES, that is, on roads with the movement of postal carriages and stations located thirty versts from one another. For such a trip, it was required to write a ROAD ROAD from the local police, that is, a certificate giving the right to a certain number of horses, according to rank and rank. If you drove out of personal need, then you paid in advance and received a simple road trip, but if, like Lermontov's Pechorin, “out of state necessity,” that is, for service, then you were given a road trip paid by the treasury. Fee - it was calledRUN or RUN - took versta, that is, from a verst. If you planned to leave the city without a roadside, you would be detained by a guard officer on duty at the outpost.
The furnishings of postal stations, the worries of tortured station keepers, the tedious waiting for the horses to be released, the insolence of high officials or simply impudent people who require a team in the first place, heavy overnight stays in uncomfortable and cramped premises - all this is familiar to us from many literary works. "Usual scenes: at the stations hell - / Swear, argue, hustle," - we read in Nekrasov's poem "Russian women".
But "riding on postal" (it was Onegin who flew to his sick uncle) was the fastest, especially if they were COURIER horses reserved for emergencies, government couriers - couriers and especially important persons.
There were four seats in the stagecoach in winter and six in summer. The stagecoach was harnessed by four horses in a row. As for post horses, according to the law, depending on the rank and position of the ordering officer, the number of horses was: up to three - for non-employees and lower-ranking officials, up to 20 - for persons of the 1st class of the table of ranks.
Even for their own carriages, the number of horses was strictly regulated depending on the rank and estate of the owner. Bolshova's merchant's wife in Ostrovsky's comedy "Our People - Let's Numbered!" speaks of her daughter, who dreams of marrying a nobleman: "If only she could ride in a carriage in six." To which her husband remarks: "He will go and a couple - the landowner is not great!" Seemingly insignificant conversation, but behind it are significant historical realities: SIX in pre-reform times, only nobles were allowed to ride, while merchants - no more than one pair of horses.
The speed of movement of mail carriages was no more than 12 versts per hour in winter, 8-10 versts per hour in summer, and no more than 8 versts in autumn on an unpaved road.
In Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov, we learn that Dmitry “drove up to Mokroe for an hour and a quarter at a distance of a little over 20 versts.” If we take these "20 miles and a little" for 23 kilometers, then he was driving at a speed of just over 18 kilometers per hour, while "fast driving, as it were, suddenly refreshed Mitya." Wow fast driving!The coachman Balaga in War and Peace, whom Anatol Kuragin hired to take Natasha Rostova away, “loved this crazy ride, eighteen miles an hour,” that is, over 19 kilometers.
Postal routes were sometimes called
POST ROADS, since the distances on them were markedPOSITIONS... Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" begins with the fact that "on the pole path / Seven men came together."In some works there is a nowadays incomprehensible word "setup". In "War and Peace" a "set up on the high road" was sent to meet a German doctor who was traveling from Moscow. STAND fresh horses were called, sent with the coachman to the designated place for harnessing them to the carriage to replace the tired ones.
... The calls have just thundered
And day and night across the snowy desert
I hurry to you headlong.
Pushkin summarizes in "Count Nulin":
Who lived for a long time in the sad wilderness,
Friends, he truly knows himself
How far is the bell
Sometimes the heart excites us.
In chapter XVII of the third part of the third volume of the novel "War and Peace" L. Tolstoy describes in an extremely picturesque and detailed way, on a whole page, the departure of Countess Rostova's carriages from Moscow: it takes a long time to fit, two hayduks are preparing to plant the Countess, but she gives orders shift the seat. The old coachman Yefim is patiently waiting for the order to get under way. “Finally, everyone sat down; the steps gathered and threw themselves into the carriage, the door slammed ... - With God! - said Yefim, putting on his hat. - Pull it out! - The postilion touched. The right drawbar lugged into the yoke, high springs snapped, and the body swayed, the footman jumped on the box as he walked. The carriage shook when leaving the courtyard on the shaking pavement, the other carriages also shook, and the train moved up the street. "
Let's dwell on SPRINGS. In ancient times, they were not: to mitigate road shaking, the bodies of the carriages were suspended from a frame equipped with posts, on belts. By the end of the 18th century, metal springs appeared. At first, these were high, they are standing, or round, springs - semicircles connecting the frame with the body vertically: this was exactly what the Rostovs' carriage was equipped with. Soon they were replaced by recumbent, or flat, springs - two or more plates fastened along the edges, located horizontally, compressed under the influence of road irregularities - in principle the same as in modern trucks. Such improved springs have long been considered a sign of special comfort and prosperity for the owner of the crew, an object of his pride and the envy of others. Now the ending of Nekrasov's poem "The Fortune-Telling Bride" becomes clearer to us, in which the author, as if referring to a girl in love with a fashionable whip, prophesies:
He is your captivating eyes
Tenderness of the heart, music of speeches -
Will give everything for flat springs
And for a couple of blood horses!
Crew types
The most convenient, expensive and comfortable crew was the CARETA, which featured a completely closed body with obligatory springs. The coachman was located at the front - GOATS, being exposed, unlike riders, to all the effects of bad weather. In carriages, a simpler goat could not have been, and then the driver sat simply on a high edge that fringed the cart, which was called the ROOM. Inside the carriage had soft seats - from two to six, windows on the sides and in front - for communication with the coachman. Behind the body, onWAITS, that is, a special step, during especially solemn trips there were one or twoOUTDOOR LACKS - HIDDUKS.Doors were used to enter the carriage; a step-step led to them, which was thrown into the carriage after landing and folded back with a jack after stopping. Often the footrests were thrown and thrown back with a crash, so, at least, it says in L. Tolstoy's Two Hussars. Lanterns burned on the sides of the carriage in the dark.
The carriages were most often laid in three or four, light carriages - in a couple. It was supposed to go to receptions and balls in a carriage; if they didn't have their own, they hired a pit. So, Eugene Onegin rode off to the ball "headlong in the pit carriage." The aristocratic characters in Anna Karenina drive around in their own carriages; however, having left her husband, Anna Karenina goes to her son Seryozha, hiring a "cab".
The downtrodden official Makar Devushkin ("Poor People" by Dostoevsky) conveys his impressions of the carriages in this way: “Magnificent carriages, glass like a mirror, inside velvet and silk ... princesses and countess. "
DORMEZOM (translated from French "sleeping") was the name of a spacious carriage with berths, designed for long journeys. Such a carriage, inherited from his parents, was L.N. Tolstoy, as his eldest son recalled, was driven by six horses.
The simpler and lighter carriages were the WHEELCHAIRS. Unlike carriages, their bodies were open, but with a convertible top. The carriages were usually harnessed by a couple or three horses, but very rich people, like Troyekurov in Dubrovsky, Andrei Bolkonsky in War and Peace, or the governor's daughter in Dead Souls, rode six in a carriage.
Gogol's story "The Carriage" is known, in which the guests discover the owner hiding from them in his new carriage. In Chekhov's story "Enemies", the difference between a carriage and a carriage serves as an important characteristic of the social and moral differences of the characters. A wealthy landowner calls in for a doctor in a wheelchair. When it turns out that the call was false and unnecessary, the doctor, whose son had just died, expresses his indignation to the landowner, after which he orders the lackey: "Go, tell this gentleman to be given a carriage, and for me to lay the carriage in." The carriage emphasized the material superiority of the landowner over the doctor.
Varieties of dandy open-top city strollers were
PHAETON and LANDO.Tarantas served as a road carriage, so its strength was considered a more important quality than beauty. Its body was attached to long - up to three fathoms - longitudinal bars, the so-called DROGS, which replaced the springs, damping shocks and softening shaking. In Siberia, tarantas, because of their length, were calledLONG.
Here is how the writer V.A. Sollogub in the story “Tarantas”: “Imagine two long poles, two parallel clubs, immeasurable and endless; in the middle of them, as if by accident a huge basket was thrown, rounded on the sides ... Wheels are attached to the ends of the clubs, and all this strange creature seems from afar to be some wild creation of a fantastic world. "
Landowners like Kirsanov, Lavretsky and Rudin at Turgenev, Golovlev at Saltykov-Shchedrin, Levin at L. Tolstoy, etc. readily used tarantas. It was the tarantass that was most often used when driving "for long", rode in it lying. Later, the tarantass acquired springs.
BRICHKA was much lighter than a bulky tarantass, but it also withstood long trips - this can be judged by the chaise in which Chichikov rode around Russia. Like the tarantass, the chaise had a reclining top, sometimes braided, sometimes leather - BUDKU... In the Chichikovskaya chaise, the top of the body, that is, a kind of tent over the rider, was "drawn from the rain by leather curtains with two round windows, designated for viewing road views." On the box next to the coachman Selifan sat the footman Petrushka. This chaise was "quite beautiful, spring-loaded".
The governor in the "Inspector" goes to the hotel in a droshky, Bobchinsky is ready to run after him like a cock, curious to look at the inspector. In the next act, the mayor rides in a droshky with Khlestakov, but there is not enough room for Dobchinsky ... Gogol's old-world landowners had a droshky with a huge leather apron, which filled the air with strange sounds.
The hero of the famous book, Radishchev, travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow in a wagon. An interesting detail: in the wagon of those times we were traveling lying down, there was no seat. Radishchev sometimes calls the carriage a wagon, Gogol sometimes calls the Chichikov carriage a wagon, since it had a canopy.
"... Exploding fluffy reins, / The daring wagon flies ..." - memorable lines from "Eugene Onegin", a description of the beginning of winter with the first journey. In the painting of the Larins' move to Moscow, "they load the wagons with a mountain" - these primitive carts served for luggage.
However, in the old days there were light carts. These include the following.
CABRIOLET - a one-horse, less often a two-wheeled, spring-loaded carriage, without a goat, with a high seat. It was ruled by one of the riders. Konstantin Levin in Anna Karenina drives his brother in a convertible, driving himself.
The Russian was of the same design.
SHARABAN. The heroes of Chekhov's "Drama on the Hunt" in twos or alone ride around in chaises. In Ostrovsky's play The Wild Man, Malkov promises Marya Petrovna: “I’ll deliver you such a bituka — extremely rare. ATchaise, you will rule yourself, dearly. " Self-driving for women is becoming a fashion. The heroine of Chekhov's story "Ariadne" rode out on horseback or in a charaban. The oldest toboggan carriage with a closed body was called WOZOK. He provided the rider with all the comforts, except perhaps heating: a soft seat, warm bedspreads, light through the windows. It is not without reason that Nekrasov's poem "Russian Women" says about such a crew: "Peaceful, strong and light / Wonderfully well-coordinated carriage."
On Tatyana Larina's name day, in January
... The neighbors gathered in carts,
In wagons, in carts and in sleighs.
Everything is clear, except how it was possible to drive along a snowy road in a wheeled carriage.
One should not think that in winter wheeled carriages, especially covered ones, stood idle. It is not known what happened to the famous Chichikov's chaise, but in the second, unfinished volume of the poem, the hero already has a carriage. The coachman Selifan reports to the owner: “The road must have been established: there has been enough snow. It's time, really, to get out of the city ", to which Chichikov orders:" Go to the coachman to put the carriage on the skids. "
However, in big cities, where the snow from the pavement was partially cleared, partially compacted, it was possible to ride in wheeled carriages even in winter.
In "The Queen of Spades" in St. Petersburg in winter, carriages travel around, obviously on wheels, and not on runners. At the beginning of L. Tolstoy's story "The Cossacks" there is a phrase: "Rarely, rarely where one can hear the screeching of wheels on a winter street."
Horse suits
BULAN - light yellow, with a black tail and mane.
RAVEN - completely black.
NEDOY - dark red, with a black tail and mane. In the Chichikov troika, the root-root was bay.
GREEN - red, with a light mane and tail. The old Count Rostov in War and Peace has a playful gelding.
KARI - the color is average between black and brown. The mane and tail are usually black.
KAURY - light chestnut, reddish. In the Chichikovskaya troika - the left pinned.
MUKHORTY - bay, with yellowish tan marks.
PEGIUS - in large spots.
SEXUAL - pale yellow.
SAVRASY - dark yellow, with a black mane and tail. In "Crime and Punishment", with tremendous force, a savrasa peasant nag is described, which drunks beat to death.
BLUE - gray, dark gray.
SOLOVY - yellowish, with a light tail and mane. In War and Peace, Napoleon rides a nightingale pacer.
CHAGAVY - dark ash.
CHALY - gray with an admixture of other wool. In Eugene Onegin, Lensky goes to Onegin "on a troop of roan horses."
CHUBARY - with dark spots on light coat or in general with spots of other coat, tail and mane are black. In the Chichikov troika, the right-hand guard was chubary.
BLUE - in L. Tolstoy's Resurrection we read about a long-legged blue foal. There were and are blue horses. Blue, or MUSHASTY, was called a grayish-gray, ashy color, such as that of an ordinary cisar pigeon.
In conclusion - about two breeds of riding horses, the names of which are captured in the classical literature. The young hero of Turgenev's story "First Love" and Nikolenka Irteniev in Leo Tolstoy's Childhood rode on Kleper (or Kleper).
This was the name of a stocky, calm-tempered horse bred in Germany. A similar type was the COB, in which Anna Karenina met Dolly, who came to her at Vronsky's estate - "Anna rode calmly, walking on a short English kobe with a cropped mane and short tail."
Railways
From the middle of the 19th century, railways quickly entered the life of the Russian people and were reflected in literary works. Nekrasov dedicated his famous poem to the construction of the first long railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow. Scenes that are important for the action at stations and in railroad cars occur in L. Tolstoy's novels Anna Karenina and The Idiot by Dostoevsky.
With the exception of the transfer to electric and diesel traction, there have been no significant changes in the railways during this time, so we will only explain some forgotten words and concepts.
For a long time, the people called the railway CAST IRON - the first rails were made of cast iron. “The owner came from Moscow in a pig iron,” we read at Turgenev's. But more often a different word was used to designate a railway train - CAR. For dark people, the unprecedented machine at first caused superstitious horror: the wanderer Feklusha in Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" calls it "a fiery serpent" and even claims that she saw his paws raking in.
In The Idiot, Prince Myshkin goes to Pskov “by car”, where Rogozhin gets “on the car”. “The car will leave for St. Petersburg in a quarter of an hour,” says the same novel, and a modern reader can imagine that we are talking about a bus, if not for the time of the action and not the context. The same "machine" is found in the works of Nekrasov, Dostoevsky, Ostrovsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, L. Tolstoy.Only by the beginning of the 20th century the word fell out of use.
LOCOMOTIVE at first it was called ... STEAM SHIP... This circumstance still confuses listeners of the famous "Passing Song" by M. I. Glinka, written to the words of N. V. Kukolnik:
A pillar of smoke - boils, smokes
Steamer ...
And faster, faster than will,
The train rushes in an open field.
The song was composed in 1840, when there was already a short railway line between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo.
The first railway cars, even of the highest class, from our point of view, were extremely uncomfortable. From St. Petersburg to Moscow we traveled for 24 hours, thus, and at night, but there were no sleeping cars. The carriages were heated with an iron stove, illuminated by dim candles, then by gas lamps. There was no toilet in the whole train. In such conditions, the heroes of L. Tolstoy and Dostoevsky traveled in trains.
For a long time the locomotive was called the STEAM, the conductor - the CONDUCTOR, the station porters
- ARTELS, since they were united in artels, the platform was a DEBARKADER, what is now called a vestibule was called patriarchal - SENYA. In Bunin's story "A Non-Urgent Spring" we read: "Unable to bear it, I left my seat and went to stand in the canopy. And in the vestibule there was an acquaintance whom I had not seen for four years: a former professor was standing, swaying from the rolling of the car.The departure of the train at the station was announced by the sound of a signal horn or bell. In the waiting room, "a huge doorman in a long livery" announced this in a "loud, majestic bass" (I. Bunin "The Life of Arseniev").
The cars were of three classes. In Blok's poem "On the Railway" there are heartfelt lines: "... The yellow and blue were silent; / We cried and sang in the green. " Their meaning becomes clear only when we learn that the yellow cars were the first class, blue - the second, and green - the third, the cheapest.
In the second half of the 19th century, in cities, to replace the primitive line, a new type of regular transport appeared - the horse-drawn railway. They were horse-drawn carriages with seating for passengers on rails. Cheaper seats were on the roof -IMPERIAL, where you could climb up a spiral staircase. Women were forbidden to ride the imperial. In common parlance, the horse-drawn railway was nicknamedCONNECTORALthen just CONKOY.
Chekhov's Kashtanka "threw herself barking at the horse-drawn carriages." The action of Chekhov's humoresque "Two in One" takes place in a horse-drawn carriage.
At the beginning of the 20th century, show jumping quickly replaced the tram running on the same rails with a contact wire suspended above them. At first, the tram, in contrast to the horse tram, was called very ridiculous - ELECTRIC LEG, although, naturally, there were no horses with him.
Other means of transportation
Steamers began to walk in Russia from November 1815, first from St. Petersburg to Kronstadt. For a long time they were called PYROSCAFES, which in Greek means vessel of fire.
Pushkin wrote in 1830: "I was already imagining myself in a pyroscaph ... The piroscaph started - the sea, a fresh wind blowing in my face." In 1844, Baratynsky dedicated a poem to this "mighty machine" called "Piroscaf". In the Petersburg Notes of 1836, Gogol, describing the capital's spring, notes: "The first steamer flew in, smoking." For the first time this word in its modern meaning appeared in St. Petersburg newspapers in 1816.
We have long been accustomed to the fact that Boat - a small ship powered by an internal combustion engine, and therefore, not without surprise, we learn that the heroes of Ostrovsky's "Dowry", long before the invention of such an engine, take a boat trip along the Volga, and Vikentiev in the "Cliff" of Goncharova says to Marfenka, who is afraid to cross the Volga : "I myself will come for you on our boat." However, in both cases we are talking about a rowboat - a large pleasure boat. On such a boat, with 24 oarsmen, Chichikov, a guest of the landowner Rooster, rode (the second volume of Dead Souls).
CARS appeared in Russia at the very beginning of the 20th century, and soon we find this word in the pages of Russian literature - in Gorky, Kuprin, Bunin. It is curious that along with "car" Bunin uses the word "crew" and the "car", which is quite familiar to our ears, while Blok uses MOTOR in this meaning:
Flies by, splashing lights into the night,
Black, quiet as an owl, motor.
("Steps of the Commander", 1912).
List of used literature:
Fedosyuk Y. "What is incomprehensible among the classics, or an encyclopedia of Russian life"
Research paper on the topic: Fairy tales in which characters move in different ways
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… ... 3
Chapter 1. Fairy tales in which the characters move in different ways. ... ... ..4
1.1. What is a “fairy tale” …………………………………………………………… 4
1.2. Air movement of heroes ……………………………. …………… 5
1.3. Movement of heroes on the roads ............................................................. 7
1.4. Movement of heroes on water …………………………………………… 8
Chapter 2 Practical work on fairy tales ……………………………. ……… ..9
Fairy tale quiz …………… .. ………………………………… ......... 9
Travel Tips …… .. ……………………………………… ..10.
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………… .11
List of used literature ………………………………………… ... 12
Appendix ………………………………………………………………… ..13
Introduction
I really love to read. And these are very different works: myths, fairy tales, author's stories, stories. Our attention was attracted by the fact that in many works the heroes move along roads, air and water. I wanted to find out why the authors send their heroes on different aircraft and they never have an accident.
The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that we often hear about road accidents in which people fall and in which they, unfortunately, die. We are warned by adults, we are studying the rules of the road, there are warning signs on the roads, inspectors are watching the traffic, and the number of accidents is not decreasing. Why? Maybe the answer to this question can be found in fairy tales where the heroes were actively moving around, and there were no accidents there.
Therefore, the purpose of the research work I defined as follows: to find out what the heroes need different vehicles for.
When performing the work, the following tasks were set:
2. Carefully study some points of the traffic rules.
3. Find common points in fairy tales and traffic rules.
4. To activate cognitive activity when studying traffic rules and reading fairy tales.
5. Complete the creative task: compose a quiz.
Research object are fairy tales.
Research subject are the vehicles of the heroes in fairy tales.
The presented work consists of an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. At the end of the work, a list of used literature is given.
Chapter 1. Fairy tales in which the characters move in different ways.
1.1. What« fairy tale».
Fairy tales are an amazing genre. The Russian philosopher Ilyin said that "a fairy tale is a dream of a nation." Indeed, in dreams, people sometimes see plots that look like fragments of fairy tales or some ancient rituals. Researchers of folklore believe that the plots of fairy tales familiar to us from childhood are really related to the most ancient ceremonies and rituals. And the nature of these ancient rituals is associated with the deep mechanisms of the formation of symbolic behavior and figurative thinking. Fairy tales, like dreams, in a sense refer directly to the mechanisms of the unconscious. This is their great strength. And at the same time, these are expressive, artistic texts that give aesthetic pleasure when reading. The plots of fairy tales are strange from the point of view of rational consciousness. Their action takes place in a special space - "in a certain kingdom, in a certain state ..." and their regularities are impossible in the familiar world - animals talk in them, Baba Yaga tries to eat a boy, the hero can be cooked in a cauldron - and after that he remains alive ... And this is told as a true story, and not as a comparison or a metaphor ... That is, there is a world that functions according to such rules
A fairy tale for a child is not just a fiction, a fantasy, it is a special reality, a reality of the world of feelings. A fairy tale pushes the boundaries of ordinary life for a child. Only in fairy tales do children encounter such complex phenomena and feelings as life and death, love and hate, anger and compassion. The form of depicting these phenomena is special, fabulous, accessible.
1.2. The movement of heroes through the air.
Movement is life. Rivers flow, clouds float, winds blow, birds, fish, animals migrate, blood and water flow in the human body. The man himself flies, drives, walks. It is impossible to stop movement either in nature or in human life. So you need to learn how to move around so that it is safe. Can fairy tales teach this? They can!
The place of movement is a fabulous space. Participants of the movement: Thumbelina, Kai, Gerda, Masha, Baba Yaga, Ivan Tsarevich, Emelya, Aibolit, a frog. Vehicles: horse, flying carpet, bast shoes, boat, boat, water lily petal, stove, bear with box, wolf, goby-black barrel.
Heroes of fairy tales move through the air. Ivan Tsarevich flies on a flying carpet. Baba Yaga flies in a mortar: "Baba Yaga flies in a mortar, drives with a pestle, sweeps a trail with a broom." (Fairy tale "Vasilisa the Beautiful"). Thumbelina "perched on the bird's back, and the swallow soared into the air like an arrow and carried Thumbelina to a fairy land." (G.H. Andersen "Thumbelina"). The traveling frog flies into the warm lands, clinging to the twig held in the beaks of the duck with its mouth: "We found a good strong twig, two ducks took it in their beaks, the frog clung to the middle with its mouth, and the whole flock rose into the air." (Garshin "The Traveler Frog").
We also meet people's dream of flying in folk tales. This is, of course, the Flying Ship fairy tale. The king promised to marry his daughter to the one who would build a flying ship for him. And then the plot is well-known: the older brothers tried, but they failed. But the younger, fool, with the help of a wonderful grandfather, was able to build a flying ship with sails. Here is how it is written in a fairy tale: “The fool took an ax with him and went into the forest. I walked and walked through the forest and spotted a tall pine tree: this pine tree rests on the top of the clouds, only three of them can grasp it just right. ... He chopped down a pine tree, began to clean it from branches. An old man came up to him ... and showed him how to trim a pine tree.
Well, now let's adjust the sails!
And he pulled out a piece of canvas from his bosom.
The old man shows, the fool is trying, he does everything conscientiously - and the sails are ready, fitted.
Get into your ship now, says the old man, and fly wherever you want. ...
Then they said goodbye. The old man went his way, and the fool sat on the flying ship, straightened the sails. The sails were inflated, the ship took off into the sky, flew faster than a falcon. " With the help of this flying ship, the hero was able to fulfill his dreams and become happy.
In some fairy tales, the heroes move on a flying carpet. In flight, forests, fields, mountains, rivers open up to them, that is, endless expanses. The flying carpet helps the heroes not only quickly move through the air from one place to another, but also deceive the enemies who are pursuing them. I think that a person, creating with his imagination all the listed means of transportation by air, was somewhat envious of birds. And not only because birds can quickly cover the distance, but also because they are free creatures, free.
1.3. The movement of heroes on the roads.
In the fabulous space, the characters can move on the ground, walk or ride some animals. Little Nyurochka sat down on the bull: "The bull is a black barrel, its white hooves shook its head, waved its tail and ran." (Tale "The goby is a black barrel, white hooves").
"For a long time, Ivan Tsarevich made his way through the dense forests, in the swamps of the swamp elm and finally came to the Koscheev oak." ("Princess Frog"). "The little ball rolls along high mountains, along green meadows, rolls along swampy marshes, rolls through dense forests" ("The Frog Princess"). “And the fox rides on a wolf and slowly says:“ The beaten, unbeaten is lucky ”(“ The little fox-sister and the gray wolf ”). "The gray wolf with Ivan Tsarevich rushed faster than a horse to take the firebird" (Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf). The sleigh is racing by itself, where Emelya is sitting, lifting the baton up. Emelya can ride the stove. “The oven crackled and suddenly flew out into the open. And faster than any bird she rushed to the king. ("The Tale of Emelya the Fool"). "Mashenka climbed into the box, the bear put it on his back and went to the village." (The tale "Masha and the Bear"). “I made myself bast shoes, they are not simple, wonderful. I put on them - my legs will run on their own, ”the old man says to Ivan in the fairy tale“ Wonderful little paws ”. To save Kai Gerda rides in a golden carriage: “A carriage made of pure gold drove up to the gate. The prince and princess put Gerda in the carriage and wished her a good journey. " And then the girl rides on a reindeer: “I put the Finnish Gerda on the back of the reindeer, and he started to run as fast as he could”. “The snowflakes kept growing and finally turned into big white chickens. Suddenly they flew to the sides, the large sleigh stopped, the Snow Queen and Kai sat in them. The sleigh carried them to the ice palace. " (G.H. Andersen "The Snow Queen").
1.4. The movement of heroes on the water.
Fairy tale characters swim on the seas, rivers, oceans. Gerda is sailing along the river in a boat in search of Kai. Thumbelina "rolled on a rose petal in a plate of water." Rescuing Thumbelina from the toad, the fish bit off the stem of the water lily and the leaf swam quickly downstream "Thumbelina swam further and further."
“The wind walks on the sea,
And the boat urges
He runs to himself in the waves
With the sails raised. "
(A. Pushkin "The Tale of Tsar Soltan ...")
And doctor Aibolit, hurrying to Africa, flies, then floats, then rides:
"Shaggy wolves run out:
Sit down, Aibolit, on horseback,
We will take you quickly! "
“But then a whale comes out:
Sit on me, Aibolit!
And like a big steamer
I'll take you ahead! "
"And now from a high cliff
Eagles flew to Aibolit:
Sit down, Aibolit, on horseback,
We will take you quickly! "
(K.I. Chukovsky "Aibolit")
Chapter 2. Practical work on fairy tales.
2.1. Quiz based on fairy tales.
A “Fairy Tale Quiz” was held among primary school students.
Quiz
1.What did Baba Yaga cover up her trail while flying in a mortar? (broom)
2. On what did the heroes of KI Chukovsky's fairy tale "Cockroach" move? (insert the words you want)
“The bears rode on (a bicycle),
Bunnies - (in the tram),
Toad - (on a broom)
And mosquitoes - (on a balloon).
3. What types of transportation did Gerda use to save Kai? (boat, golden carriage, deer)
4. What round object indicates the hero's way in fairy tales? (clew)
5. With what words did the hero of the fairy tale "Sivka-burka" summon the horse?
6. How did Doctor Aibolit get to Africa? (on a wolf, on a whale, on an eagle)
7. What are the vehicles that are mentioned in Russian folk tales? (horse, flying carpet, running boots, etc.)
8.Has the traveling frog got to warmer countries? Why?
9.Which carriage is rolling? (blue)
10. How did Prince Guidon get to Buyan Island? (in a barrel)
After the quiz, an analysis of the works was carried out. We see how much the fairytale heroes moved and they never had an accident either on land, or on water, or in the air. Why? Firstly, because they all moved to do good deeds: Aibolit to heal, the Gray Wolf to help Ivan Tsarevich, the bull and the bear save the girls, Gerda was looking for Kai, etc. Secondly, all the heroes treated other participants in the movement with respect, patience, understanding, they understood that it was impossible to violate anyone's rights. Therefore, there were no accidents in fairy tales, and you can learn this from the heroes of fairy tales.
2.1. Wise proverbs for travelers.
Wise advice for travelers is given by proverbs:
(Don't go over speed)
2. The ardent horse does not live long.
(Don't overload the motor)
3. There will be a quiet cart on the mountain.
(Move carefully)
4. Without asking the ford, don't poke your nose into the water.
(Study the road)
5. You go for a day, take bread for a week.
(Take your supplies on the road)
(Rest on the road)
7. It's hard to swim against water.
(Take a convenient road)
8. You won't go far on a lame horse.
(Keep the vehicle in order)
Conclusion
In my work, I examined several works: myths, fairy tales, fiction and I can conclude that the goals of their known and unknown authors are very different. Various means of transportation, described in the books, help the heroes to break out of years of captivity, then quickly move from one point of the globe to another, then it is interesting to spend time on the journey. Also, after reading fairy tales, proverbs, we made sure that they can be used to teach the rules of behavior on the roads. And in order not to get into an accident and not be injured in them, you need to strive to do only good deeds, be polite, respect all road users, listen to elders.
List of used literature.
1. Andersen G.H. "Thumbelina". Izhevsk, "Wanderer" 1994
2. Andersen G.H. "The Snow Queen". M., "Children's Literature", 1985.
3. Garshin "The Frog the Traveler". Native speech. M., "Education", 1995.
4.Repin Y.S. "Road Alphabet". M., Order "Sign of Honor" publishing house DOSAAF USSR, 1980.
5.Russian folk tales. Novosibirsk book publishing house, 1989
6.Russian folk riddles, proverbs, sayings. M., "Education", 1990.
7. Fairy tales, proverbs, riddles. M., "Children's Literature" 1989.
8.A reader for children's literature. M., "Children's Literature", 1965.
9.A reader for preschoolers (1,2,3t). M., AST 1997.
10.Chukovsky K.I. "Aybolit". M., "Children's Literature", 1997.
