Teffi (real name Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya, by her husband Buchinskaya; May 09 (21), 1872, St. Petersburg - October 6, 1952, Paris) - Russian writer and poetess, memoirist, translator, author of such famous stories as "Demonic Woman "And" Ke fer ". After the revolution she emigrated. Sister of the poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya and military leader Nikolai Alexandrovich Lokhvitsky.
Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya was born on May 9 (21), 1872 in St. Petersburg (according to other sources in the Volyn province) in the family of the lawyer Alexander Vladimirovich Lokhvitsky (1830-1884). She studied at the gymnasium on Liteiny Prospect.
French indecency is piquant, and Russian offensive.
Teffi Nadezhda Alexandrovna
In 1892, after the birth of her first daughter, she settled with her first husband Vladislav Buchinsky in his estate near Mogilev. In 1900, after the birth of her second daughter Elena and son Janek, she separated from her husband and moved to St. Petersburg, where she began her literary career.
Published since 1901. In 1910, the publishing house "Rosehip" published the first book of poems "Seven Lights" and a collection of "Humorous stories".
She was known for her satirical poems and feuilletons, and was a permanent employee of the Satyricon magazine. Teffi's satire was often very original; thus, the 1905 poem "From Mickiewicz" is based on a parallel between the well-known ballad by Adam Mickiewicz "Voivode" and a specific, recent event of the day. Teffi's stories were systematically published by such authoritative Parisian newspapers and magazines as "Coming Russia", "Link", "Russian Notes", "Modern Notes". Nicholas II was a fan of Teffi, and sweets were named after Teffi. At Lenin's suggestion, the stories of the 1920s, which described the negative aspects of emigrant life, were published in the USSR in the form of pirated collections until the writer made a public accusation.
After the closure in 1918 of the newspaper "Russian Word" where she worked, Teffi went to Kiev and Odessa with literary performances. This trip brought her to Novorossiysk, from where in the summer of 1919 she went to Turkey. In the fall of 1919 she was already in Paris, and in February 1920 two of her poems appeared in a Parisian literary magazine, and in April she organized a literary salon. In 1922-1923 she lived in Germany.
Since the mid-1920s she lived in a de facto marriage with Pavel Andreevich Tyxton (d. 1935).
She died on October 6, 1952 in Paris, two days later she was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris and was buried in the Russian cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.
Teffi (real name Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaya, by husband Buchinskaya; April 24 (May 6) 1872, St. Petersburg - October 6, 1952, Paris) - Russian writer and poetess, memoirist, translator, author of such famous stories as "Demon woman" and "Ke fer?"... After the revolution - in exile. Sister of the poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya and military leader Nikolai Alexandrovich Lokhvitsky.
Biography
Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya was born on April 24 (May 6), 1872 in St. Petersburg (according to other sources in the Volyn province) in the family of lawyer Alexander Vladimirovich Lokhvitsky (-). She studied at the gymnasium on Liteiny Prospect.
She was called the first Russian comedian of the beginning of the 20th century, “the queen of Russian humor,” but she was never a supporter of pure humor, she always combined it with sadness and witty observations of life around her. After emigration, satire and humor gradually cease to dominate in her work, observations of life acquire a philosophical character.
Alias
There are several options for the origin of the pseudonym Teffi.
The first version is set out by the writer herself in the story "Alias"... She did not want to sign her texts with a man's name, as her contemporary writers often did: “I didn't want to hide behind a male pseudonym. Cowardly and cowardly. It is better to choose something incomprehensible, neither this nor that. But what? You need a name that would bring happiness. The best is the name of some fool - fools are always happy "... To her "I remembered<…> one fool, really excellent and, in addition, one who was lucky, which means that he was recognized by fate itself as an ideal fool. His name was Stepan, and his family called him Steffi. Discarding the first letter out of delicacy (so that the fool does not become arrogant) ", writer "I decided to sign my piece" Teffi ""... After the successful premiere of this play, in an interview with a journalist, when asked about the pseudonym, Teffi replied that "This ... the name of one fool ... that is, such a surname"... The journalist noticed that he "They said it was from Kipling"... Teffi, who remembered the Kipling song "Taffy was a walshman / Taffy was a thief ..." (Russian. Teffi from Wales, Teffi was a thief ), agreed with this version ..
The same version is voiced by the researcher Teffi E. Nitraur, indicating the name of a friend of the writer as Stefan and specifying the title of the play - "Women's question" , and a group of authors under the general leadership of A.I.Smirnova, attributing the name Stepan to a servant in the Lokhvitsky house.
Another version of the origin of the pseudonym is offered by the researchers of Teffi E.M. Trubilova and D.D. Nikolaev, according to whom the pseudonym for Nadezhda Alexandrovna, who loved hoaxes and jokes, and was also the author of literary parodies, feuilletons, became part of a literary game aimed at creating an appropriate image of the author.
There is also a version that Teffi took her pseudonym because her sister, the poet Mirra Lokhvitskaya, who was called "Russian Sappho", was printed under her real name.
Creation
Before emigration
Nadezhda Lokhvitskaya began to write as a child, but her literary debut took place almost at the age of thirty. Teffi's first publication took place on September 2, 1901 in the magazine "North" - it was a poem "I had a dream, crazy and beautiful ...".
Teffi herself spoke about her debut as follows: “They took my poem and took it to an illustrated magazine, without telling me a word about it. And then they brought the issue of the magazine where the poem was published, which made me very angry. I didn’t want to be published then, because one of my older sisters, Mirra Lokhvitskaya, had been publishing her poems with success for a long time. It seemed to me something funny if we all get into literature. By the way, that's how it happened ... So - I was unhappy. But when they sent me a fee from the editorial office, it made the most gratifying impression on me " .
In emigration
In exile, Teffi wrote stories depicting pre-revolutionary Russia, all the same philistine life that she described in collections published in her homeland. Melancholic headline "So they lived" unites these stories, reflecting the collapse of the hopes of the emigration to return the past, the complete hopelessness of an unsightly life in a foreign country. The first issue of the newspaper "Latest News" (April 27, 1920) published Teffi's story "Ke fer?" (French. "What to do?"), and the phrase of his hero, the old general, who, perplexedly looking around in the Parisian square, mutters: “This is all good ... but que faire? Fer-then-ke? ", has become a kind of password for those in exile.
The writer was published in many prominent periodicals of the Russian emigration ("Common Cause", "Renaissance", "Rul", "Today", "Link", "Modern Notes", "Firebird"). Teffi has released a number of story books - "Lynx" (), "Book of June" (), "About tenderness" () - who showed new facets of her talent, like the plays of this period - "Moment of Destiny" , "Nothing like this" () - and the only experience of the novel - "Adventure Romance" (1931). But she considered her best book to be a collection of stories "Witch" ... The genre of the novel, indicated in the title, raised doubts among the first reviewers: it was noted that the “soul” of the novel (B. Zaitsev) did not correspond to the title. Modern researchers point to similarities with the adventurous, roguish, courtly, detective novel, as well as the myth-novel.
In the works of Teffi of this time, sad, even tragic motives are noticeably intensified. “They were afraid of the Bolshevik death - and they died here. We only think about what's there now. We are only interested in what comes from there ", - said in one of her first Parisian miniatures "Nostalgia" (). Teffi's optimistic outlook on life will change only in old age. Previously, she called her metaphysical age 13 years old, but in one of the last Parisian letters a bitter one will slip: "All my peers are dying, but I am still living for something ..." .
Teffi planned to write about the heroes of Leo Tolstoy and M. Cervantes, who were ignored by criticism, but these plans were not destined to come true. On September 30, 1952, Teffi celebrated her name day in Paris, and just a week later she died.
Bibliography
Editions prepared by Teffi
- Seven Lights - SPb .: Rosehip, 1910
- Humorous stories. Book. 1.- SPb .: Rosehip, 1910
- Humorous stories. Book. 2 (Anthropoid). - SPb .: Rosehip, 1911
- And it became so. - SPb .: New Satyricon, 1912
- Carousel. - SPb .: New Satyricon, 1913
- Miniatures and monologues. T. 1. - SPb .: ed. M.G. Kornfeld, 1913
- Eight miniatures. - Pg .: New Satyricon, 1913
- Smoke without fire. - SPb .: New Satyricon, 1914
- Nothing of the kind, Pg.: New Satyricon, 1915
- Miniatures and monologues. T. 2. - Pg .: New Satyricon, 1915
- And it became so. 7th ed. - Pg .: New satyricon, 1916
- An inanimate beast. - Pg .: New Satyricon, 1916
- Yesterday. - Pg .: New satyricon, 1918
- Smoke without fire. 9th ed. - Pg .: New satyricon, 1918
- Carousel. 4th ed. - Pg .: New satyricon, 1918
- Black iris. - Stockholm, 1921
- Treasures of the earth. - Berlin, 1921
- Quiet backwater. - Paris, 1921
- So we lived. - Paris, 1921
- Lynx. - Paris, 1923
- Passiflora. - Berlin, 1923
- Shamran. Songs of the East. - Berlin, 1923
- Town. - Paris, 1927
- Book June. - Paris, 1931
- Adventurous romance. - Paris, 1931
- Witch - Paris, 1936
- About tenderness. - Paris, 1938
- Zigzag. - Paris, 1939
- It's all about love. - Paris, 1946
- Earthly rainbow. - New York, 1952
- Life and collar
- Mitya
Pirate editions
- Instead of politics. Stories. - M.-L .: ZiF, 1926
- Yesterday. Humorous. stories. - Kiev: Cosmos, 1927
- Tango of death. - M .: ZiF, 1927
- Sweet memories. -M.-L .: ZIF, 1927
Collected works
- Collected works [in 7 vols.]. Comp. and prep. texts by D. D. Nikolaev and E. M. Trubilova. - M .: Lakom, 1998-2005.
- Coll. cit .: In 5 volumes - Moscow: TERRA Book Club, 2008
Other
- Ancient history / . - 1909
- Ancient history / General history, processed by "Satyricon". - SPb .: ed. M.G. Kornfeld, 1912
Criticism
The works of Teffi in literary circles were extremely positive. The writer and contemporary Teffi Mikhail Osorgin considered her "One of the most intelligent and sighted modern writers." Ivan Bunin, stingy with praise, called her "Clever and intelligent" and said that her stories, truthfully reflecting life, were written "Great, simple, with great wit, observation and wonderful derision" .
see also
Notes
- Nitraur E. "Life laughs and cries ..." About the fate and work of Teffi // Teffi. Nostalgia: Short stories; Memories / Comp. B. Averina; Entry. Art. E. Nitraur. - L .: Art. lit., 1989 .-- S. 4-5. - ISBN 5-280-00930-X.
- Biography of Tzffi
- The women's gymnasium, opened in 1864, was located on Basseinaya Street (now Nekrasov Street), at number 15. In her memoirs, Nadezhda Aleksandrovna noted: “I saw my work in print for the first time when I was thirteen years old. It was an ode written by me for the anniversary of the gymnasium "
- Teffi (Russian). Literary encyclopedia... Fundamental Electronic Library (1939). Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
- Teffi. Memories // Teffi. Nostalgia: Short stories; Memories / Comp. B. Averina; Entry. Art. E. Nitraur. - L .: Art. lit., 1989 .-- S. 267-446. - ISBN 5-280-00930-X.
- Don Aminado. The train is on the third track. - New York, 1954 .-- S. 256-267.
- Teffi. Pseudonym // Renaissance (Paris). - 1931 .-- December 20.
- Teffi. Nickname (Russian). Small prose of the Silver Age of Russian literature. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
- Literature of the Russian Diaspora ("first wave" of emigration: 1920-1940): Study guide: 2 hours, Part 2 / A. I. Smirnova, A. V. Mlechko, S. V. Baranov and others; Under total. ed. Dr. philol. Sciences, prof. A.I.Smirnova. - Volgograd: VolGU Publishing House, 2004 .-- 232 p.
- Poetry of the Silver Age: an anthology // Foreword, articles and notes by B.S.Akimov. - Moscow: Rodionov Publishing House, Literature, 2005 .-- 560 p. - (Series "Classics at School"). - S. 420.
Teffi features of creativity and a short biography of the famous Russian writer and poetess are described in this article.
Teffi short biography and interesting facts
Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya was born in the spring of 1872 in the northern capital of the Russian Empire in a noble family, which instilled in her a love of literature. Therefore, it is not strange that from an early age the girl began to write stories and poems. In 1901, her ascent to the literary Olympus began with an ordinary poem, which was published in the Sever magazine. Already in 1907, she took on the pseudonym Teffi to attract good luck. Real glory fell on Nadezhda Alexandrovna with the publication of 2 volumes of "Humorous stories". The Russian Emperor Nicholas II was proud of her, considering it a nugget of the empire.
Why does Teffi have such a pseudonym?
The history of taking the pseudonym "Teffi" is unknown. Nadezhda herself indicated that she took it on behalf of the household nickname of the Lokhvitsky servant Stepan-Steffi. The writer said that she did not want to subscribe to the texts with male names, as modern writers did. Also, according to another version, Nadezhda Alexandrovna took a pseudonym because her sister was already known under her last name - the poet Mirra Lokhvitskaya, who by that time was named "Russian Sappho." poetess.
From 1908 to 1918, the magazines "Satyricon" and "New Satyricon" began to appear bright fruits of the writer-humorist. After the October Revolution, Teffi tried to adapt to the new way of life of the Bolshevik regime, but her life was cut in two. With the outbreak of emigration in 1920, she ended up in Paris. In France, the poetess began to communicate with talented compatriots - Gippius, Bunin, Merezhkovsky. Nadezhda Alexandrovna turned out to be in great demand abroad. It was published in prestigious publications in Rome, Berlin and Paris. In her creations, she wrote about pets, emigrants, nature, and a distant homeland. The poetess was engaged in drawing up literary portraits of Russian celebrities with whom she met: Rasputin, Kuprin, Bunin, Gippius, Sologub.
In 1946, Teffi was offered to return to Russia, but she preferred Paris to her. In the USA in 1952 her last book, "Earthly Rainbow", was published, in which Nadezhda Alexandrovna summed up her life. The poetess lived to be 80 years old and died on October 6, 1952, leaving behind many stories, poems, and plays.
Teffi: personal life
Little is known about the writer's personal life. She was married twice. Buchinsky became the first spouse of Nadezhda Alexandrovna. Three children were born in the marriage, but the couple broke up. The second spouse, however, became a civilian banker Tikston. Nothing else is known about her personal life.
Teffi: interesting facts
During the First World War, Teffi worked as a nurse at the front. Even several photographs of the writer have survived, in which she poses in uniform and with a rifle in her hands.
Teffi always retouched photos and hid her age. Scientists have found that when the poetess emigrated, when filling out the documents, she took 15 years off herself. Nadezhda Alexandrovna always dressed tastefully, looked after herself, dyed her hair and skillfully used cosmetics in order to look at a reduced age.
The woman adored cats and dedicated poetry to them. She was always wary of people who claimed they didn't like cats.
Teffi was very distracted. So, she could light the stove and put the kettle on an inoperative burner or, when sending money, write her address on an envelope, and then sincerely rejoice at the money received.
She was called the Russian queen of humor.
We hope that the report on the topic Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi helped you prepare for the lesson, and you learned a lot of useful information about this famous writer. You can add a short story about Teffi through the comments form below.
Biography
Teffi (real name - Lokhvitskaya) Nadezhda Alexandrovna (1872 - 1952), prose writer.
She was born on May 9 (21 NS) in her parents' estate in the Volyn province in a noble professorial family. Received an excellent education at home.
She began to publish in 1901, and in the very first literary experiments the main features of her talent were manifested: "she loved to draw caricatures and write satirical poems."
In 1905 - 07 she collaborated in various satirical magazines and newspapers, publishing poems, humorous stories, feuilletons, which were very popular with the general reader.
In 1908, since the founding of A. Averchenko of the "Satyricon" magazine, Teffi became, together with Sasha Cherny, a permanent employee of the magazine. In addition, she was a permanent employee of the newspapers Birzhevye Vedomosti and Russkoe Slovo and other publications.
In 1910 two volumes of Teffi's "Humorous Stories" were published, which were very popular with readers and received positive responses in the press. This was followed by the collections "And it became so ..." (1912); Smoke Without Fire (1914); "Unliving Beast" (1916). She wrote both critical articles and plays.
She did not accept the October Revolution and emigrated in 1920, settling in Paris. She collaborated in the newspapers "Poslednie novosti", "Vozrozhdenie", appeared with feuilletons that denounced the futility of the existence of emigrants: "Ours abroad" and "Ke-fer?" A. Kuprin, who appreciated Teffi's talent, noted inherent in her "the impeccability of the Russian language, ease and variety of turns of speech." Teffi did not express hostility to the Soviet Union, but did not return to her homeland. I spent the last years in need and loneliness. She died on October 6, 1952 in Paris.
Teffi Nadezhda Alexandrovna (1872 - 1952), prose writer, poetess, Russian writer, translator, memoirist. The real name is Lokhvitskaya.
Nadezhda Alexandrovna was born into a noble, professorial family on April 24 (May 6) in the Volyn province. According to other sources, in St. Petersburg. Received a very good education at home at the gymnasium on the foundry prospect. Her first work was published in 1901. The main features of talent (drawing cartoons and writing satirical poems) could be seen from the very first literary experiments.
In 1905-1907. She actively collaborated with various satirical newspapers and magazines, in which she published humorous stories, poems, feuilletons, which were very popular among readers. Since the founding of the magazine "Satyricon" (1908), the prose writer, together with Sasha Cherny, became a permanent employee. Also, Teffi was a regular employee of many other publications, including the newspapers Russkoe Slovo and Birzhevye Vedomosti.
In 1910, two volumes of "Humorous Stories" were published, which were a success with readers, and, in addition, caused a good response in the press. Later in 1912-1916. the collections "Smoke without fire", "And it became so ..." and "Unliving beast" were released. She also wrote critical plays and articles.
In 1920 she emigrated to Paris. Teffi has worked with such newspapers as Renaissance, Latest News. With the help of feuilletons, she denounced the absolutely hopeless existence of emigrants: "Ke-fer?" and "Ours Abroad". She never returned to her homeland. She spent the last years of her life alone. In Paris on October 6, 1952, Nadezhda Alexandrovna died.
Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaya (1872-1952) appeared in print under the pseudonym "Teffi". Father is a well-known St. Petersburg lawyer, publicist, author of works on jurisprudence. Mother is an expert in literature; sisters - Maria (poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya), Varvara and Elena (wrote prose), the younger brother - all were literary gifted people.
Nadezhda Lokhvitskaya began to write as a child, but her literary debut took place only at the age of thirty, according to a family agreement to enter literature “in turn”. Marriage, the birth of three children, and the move from St. Petersburg to the provinces also did not contribute to the study of literature.
In 1900, she separated from her husband and returned to the capital. First appeared in print with the poem "I had a dream ..." in 1902 in the magazine "Sever" (No. 3), then followed by stories in the appendix to the magazine "Niva" (1905).
During the years of the Russian Revolution (1905-1907) he composes topical poems for satirical magazines (parodies, feuilletons, epigrams). At the same time, the main genre of Teffi's work was determined - a humorous story. First, Teffi's literary feuilletons were published in the Rech newspaper, then in Birzhevye Novosti, almost weekly, in every Sunday issue, which soon brought her not only fame, but also all-Russian love.
Teffi had a talent for speaking on any topic easily and gracefully, with inimitable humor, she knew the "secret of laughing words." M. Addanov admitted that "people of different political views and literary tastes converge on admiration for Teffi's talent."
In 1910, at the height of his fame, a two-volume book of Teffi's stories and the first collection of poems "Seven Lights" were published. If the two-volume book was republished more than 10 times before 1917, then the modest book of poems went almost unnoticed against the background of the deafening success of prose.
Poems Teffi scolded V. Bryusov for "literary", but for this he praised N. Gumilev. “The poetess speaks not about herself and not about what she loves, but about what she could be and what she could love. Hence the mask, which she wears with solemn grace and, it seems, irony, ”wrote Gumilyov.
The languid, somewhat theatrical poems of Teffi seem to be designed for melodeclamation or created for a romance performance, and indeed, A. Vertinsky used several texts for his songs, and Teffi herself sang them with a guitar.
Teffi perfectly felt the nature of stage convention, she loved the theater, worked for it (she wrote one-act and then multi-act plays - sometimes in collaboration with L. Munshtein). Having found herself in exile after 1918, Teffi most of all regretted the loss of the Russian theater: "Of all that fate deprived me when it deprived me of my Motherland, my greatest loss is the Theater."
Teffi's books continued to be published in Berlin and Paris, and an exceptional success accompanied her until the end of her long life. In emigration she published about twenty books of prose and only two collections of poetry: "Shamram" (Berlin, 1923), "Passiflora" (Berlin, 1923).
