Methodological techniques: lecture with elements of conversation, control of students' knowledge - test.
During the classes.
I. Teacher's lecture
Alexander Alexandrovich Fadeev went from a novice writer, whose very first novel was highly appreciated by Soviet critics, to the post of chairman of the Union of Writers of the USSR, and this path ended tragically.
1. A story about the life, work and death of A. A. Fadeev.
2. Short review the literary situation during the creation of the novel "The Defeat" by Fadeev.
"Blood" and "morality", "violence" and "morality", "end" and "means" - these are the fundamental questions of life and revolution that occupied the great minds of all times, painfully solved by the classics of world and Russian literature and especially painfully by Dostoevsky and Tolstoy , in the first years after the October Revolution, acquired an unprecedented acuteness.
The revolution and civil war, which split society and the country in two, forced everyone to make a tough choice, inevitably asked questions: who am I with? who am I for? These questions arose especially acutely and uncompromisingly before representatives of the intelligentsia, who, on the one hand, sympathized with the people, the ideas of revolution, and on the other, defended cultural values \u200b\u200bfrom destruction, defended the principles of humanism and morality as the highest criteria of human existence. In the discussion about "true" and "false" humanism, about "revolutionary" and "abstract" humanism, about "dead" morality and "Bolshevik" ethics, V. Ivanov, K. Fedin, M. Sholokhov, B. Lavrenev, K. Trenev, L. Seifullina.
The civil war, which shook a huge country, was understood in literature in different ways: both as a tragedy of the people, entailing irreversible consequences, and as a romantically colored great event that consolidated the victory of the Bolsheviks in the revolution. Under the conditions of the "dictatorship of the proletariat", the point of view that justified any means on the path of revolutionary conquests prevailed and won, of course. The new “morality” was clearly expressed, for example, by L. Seifullina, who preferred “class hatred” of all human emotions: “Compassion and love can be deceived; hatred is a sacred, fighting feeling in a person's struggle against evil, it makes a person see this evil in all its blackness through all sorts of embellishments. "
Typical not only for those, but also for many subsequent years, was romanticization of the civil war ... The terrible tragedy, which had irreversible consequences for the country, was shrouded in a kind of heroic and romantic halo in the works of art of the Soviet era. Let's read at least M. Svetlov's poem "Grenada", remember the cycle of films about "elusive avengers". Revolutionary romance is characterized by extraordinary circumstances, the "elation" of the heroes, the author's obvious predilection for his heroes, the heroization of "ours" and the belittling of "strangers", the mythologization of reality.
The author of Razgrom, published as a separate edition in 1927, was a young writer who knew firsthand about the events of the Civil War. He was a direct participant in it, an eyewitness. The book was immediately appreciated. She was called "a work of great ideological and artistic scale", they said that her hero was "the era and the struggle", M. Gorky referred it to the number of books that give "a broad, truthful and talented picture of the civil war." Fadeev was recognized worthy successor of Tolstoy's epic tradition : a clear similarity in intonation, techniques for revealing characters, close attention to detail, psychologism ... The novel is distinguished by a romantic perception of the world, the lyrical voice of the author, who uniquely defined his place in the revolution.
Himself Fadeev saw the idea of \u200b\u200bhis novel in the alteration of "human material" during the revolution under the leadership of the organizer communist: “In a civil war, a selection of human material takes place, everything hostile is swept away by the revolution, everything incapable of a real revolutionary struggle that accidentally falls into the camp of the revolution is eliminated, and everything that has risen from the true roots of the revolution, from the millions of people, is tempered, grows, and develops in this struggle.
A tremendous transformation of people is taking place. This transformation of people occurs because the revolution is led by the advanced representatives of the working class - the communists, who clearly see the goal of the movement and who lead the more backward and help them to re-educate. This is how I can define the theme of the novel ”(1932).
However, the real work went beyond this schematic framework.
A novel about the formation of a personality in the struggle for revolution in a partisan detachment in the Far East called "The Defeat".
II. Preliminary conversation about the novel
- Why a work with a large-scale title "Defeat" limited by the history of one squad
?
It was important for Fadeev to show not so much the breadth and scope of the revolution as its depth - impact on a person , it was important to investigate the changes that took place with an individual under the influence of great historical events ... In all the tone of the narrative, the author emphasizes the significance and tragedy of the events described, while emphasizing the idea of \u200b\u200bthe victory of "revolutionary humanism".
What are features of the composition of the novel ?
The novel contains seventeen chapters ... The first nine provide an outline of characters and situations. In essence, this is an exposition of the novel. In the X-XIII chapters the inner world of the heroes is revealed, in XIV-XVII - the test of characters "in action".
The plot composition is such that the defeat of the detachment, the evidence of this defeat is approaching with each chapter. The path to defeat - this is the external plot outline. But at the same time, this is a gradual penetration into the inner world and the complicating relations of the heroes. The three parts of the novel, which we have tentatively identified, are three stages on the way to the defeat of the detachment. But at the same time it gradual penetration into the inner world and the complicating relations of the heroes .
The expanded exposition introduces the state of affairs in the detachment, the situation around the detachment, gives the first characteristics to the heroes, their relationships and conflicts. The fighting is not shown. Fifth week the squad is on vacation ... Levinson, squad leader, receives instructions from the city "Save a combat unit" , at least small, but strong, disciplined. it plot of the novel .
The second part describes endless transitions and the struggle with the enemy in order to "save a combat unit", a detachment. There are no battle scenes, the author's attention is focused on scenes of respite, overnight stays, rest. It is in these scenes that key episodes in the novel : Frolov's death, the case of fish jamming, the confiscation of a pig from a Korean, Levinson's conversation with Mechik. These scenes are full of drama and dynamics no less than battle scenes, and for the main task - preserving the detachment - they are decisive.
IN the last part takes place both the climax and the denouement ... Fadeev draws a detachment in battles. It depicts the defeat of the detachment, all conflicts are resolved. The main thing is that it is shown what each hero is capable of at the decisive moment, how his essence manifests itself .
III. Test on the creativity of A.M. Gorky, A.A. Blok, V.V. Mayakovsky(cm. )
Homework
Compare the images of Frost and Sword: select the episodes that characterize the heroes.
For Fadeev as a proletarian writer and active leader of the RAPP it is very important opposition of heroes in class, socio-political terms ... This opposition is always straightforward and unambiguous.
In what the peculiarity of this opposition ?
Antithesis - the main device of the novel ... The opposition takes place at different levels: external ("red" and "white") and internal (instinct - consciousness, good - evil, love - hate, anarchy - discipline, etc.)... Antithesis is also evident in the system of images. This is primarily opposition of two heroes - Sword and Frost ... Morozka is a worker, Mechik is an intellectual. With this opposition, Fadeev in his own way decides the most important question: what are the ways of the people in the revolution ... Let us recall how Bunin, Gorky, Blok raised and resolved this issue. Let's see how the author of Razgrom answers this question.
II. Comparative analysis of the images of Morozka and Mechik
What path of becoming Frost ?
Dedicated to frost first chapter
novel. The theme of the image of Frost is difficult, through ups and downs, the path of personality formation
.
Self-awareness probably starts from the moment a person begins to ask questions:
what is the meaning of my existence? Why was I born? What is the essence of life?
Morozka never asked himself such questions before he joined the squad. He was a "second generation miner". He was born "in a dark hut, near mine No. 2, when a hoarse whistle called the morning shift to work." The description of this joyful event - the birth of a man - is described in a harsh, businesslike manner in dark colors. Morozka got a light on a beep, and his further life seemed to be programmed: "At the age of twelve, Morozka learned to get up on a beep, roll trolleys, speak unnecessary, more obscene words and drink vodka." The writer emphasizes typical, ordinary life of the hero
: "In this life, Morozka did not look for new roads, but walked along the old, already verified paths." Several episodes even begin the same: "When the time has come ..." There were no hints of revolutionary spirit. The only thing that attracts attention is the fact that Morozka did not betray the instigators of the strike to the police. But in general, "he did everything thoughtlessly: life seemed to him simple, unwise, like a round Murom cucumber ..."
What the event made Morozka look at life differently ?
The first milestone in self-awareness was for the hero his trial (chapter V)
.
Frost at first did not understand that he was being tried: just think, he stole a melon; in the village "minerskie" often stole watermelons, cucumbers - it was in the order of things. But when he felt “hundreds of curious eyes” on himself, when he stumbled upon the stern faces of his comrades, when he heard Dubov’s heavy words that he “disgraces the coal tribe,” Morozka trembled, became “pale as a sheet,” “his heart sank in him, as if padded. " The threat of his expulsion from the detachment turned out to be unexpected and terrible for him
: "But if I ... would do something like that ... Yes, I will give blood on a vein for each, and not that shame or whatever! .." Having given the "miner's" word, Morozka kept it to the end.
What will we learn about life aspirations of Frost ?
Morozka knows exactly why he is in the squad. is he your own in the revolutionary stream , since, despite all his antics and spontaneous breakdowns, he was always drawn to the best, to the "right" people: "He tried with all his might to get on that, which seemed to him direct, clear and correct, road along which people like Levinson, Baklanov, Dubov walked." (chapter XII). Morozka's “evil” thoughts that someone stubbornly prevents him from entering this “correct path” did not lead him to the conclusion that “this enemy is sitting in him, he was especially pleased and bitter to think that he suffers because of the meanness of people - such as Mechik, in the first place. "
how mechik's image develops in a novel?
Fadeev from the very beginning contrasts
brawler, drunkard and foul-mouthed Frost clean, fine mechik
.
Mechik is shown for the first time with people rushing about in panic
: "In a kurguz city jacket, clumsily dragging a rifle, ran, limping, a lean lad." Likewise, Mechik will rush about when, having betrayed his comrades, he will save himself from the pursuit (is not his name also from these throwing?). "The guy's face was pale, beardless, clean, though smeared with blood." Note that this blood is accidental, as if the hero was not wounded, but only stained his "clean" face. Fadeev describes Mechik in such a way that both his pitiful appearance and the author's attitude towards him immediately become clear
... Frost saves him, risking his own life. In the last chapter, Frost saves the entire squad, betrayed by Mechik, at the cost of his life.
Mechik is dedicated to second chapter novel thus in the first two chapters, the main antithesis is determined, a conflict is outlined : "To tell the truth, the rescued person did not like Morozka at first sight" - Morozka here shows a "class", intuitive flair. “Morozka didn't like clean people. In his life practice these were fickle, worthless people who cannot be trusted. " Morozka's first impression is fully justified at the end of the novel. So the author through Morozka immediately assesses Mechik highlighting it with various derogatory terms : "Bore", "yellow-mouthed", "snotty".
When describing Mechik, Fadeev often uses words with diminutive suffixes that give the image contemptuous connotation : "In a kurguz city jacket", "a cheerful urban tune was cheerfully whistling" - the "urban" origin of the hero is constantly emphasized. The little sword now and then blushes, sighs, speaks uncertainly, "squeezes his eyes shut with horror."
What caused mechik's internal conflict ?
Drawn into the meat grinder of the civil war The swordsman was horrified by the dirt, the violence, the discrepancy between the two worlds - internal and external.
At first, he "had a very vague idea of \u200b\u200bwhat awaited him." Once in the detachment, he saw that “the people around him did not at all resemble those created by his ardent imagination. These were dirtier, lousier, tougher and more direct. " External "cleanliness" and "dirt" will be opposed to internal ones, they will only change places
.
In fact, Mechik dreams of "peace, sleep, silence." He reaches out to the kind, caring Vara, and immediately betrays his former love - "a girl in bright curls": when Varya accidentally stepped on the photo with her foot, "Mechik was ashamed to even ask to raise the card," and then he himself tears up the portrait of the girl to shreds. However, Mechik's love for Vara is not real. He feels "almost filial gratitude" to her, dreams of "pink-quiet clouds", of braids, "golden as noon", of "good words." The author immediately says that "Everything Mechik thought about was not real, but what he would like to see everything"
.
Collisions with reality bring Mechik more and more disappointments in his romantic ideas about life. For example, in Chapter IX (horse episode) "boyishly proud hopes" are crumbling hero. Instead of a good horse, he was ordered to look after "a tearful, mournful mare, dirty white, with a sagging back and a chaff belly." He felt humiliated and decided that he would not take care of the mare - "let him die." So the author reveals the insolvency of Mechik , explains the dislike of him in the detachment - everyone considered him a quitter and a bummer. " If Morozka is drawn to the "right people", then Mechik got along with Pika, Chizh, and he learned the worst from them.
how the composition of the novel shows the author's attitude to Mechik ?
Fadeev builds a novel in such a way that provides Mechik with a variety of opportunities to merge with the squad , to understand the inner essence of what is happening. But Mechik never saw "the main springs of the detachment mechanism and did not feel the need for everything that was being done." The swordsman loves himself first of all, pity himself, justifies himself.
What episode reveals the true essence of Frost and Sword ?
The most cruel test of a person - a situation of choice between life and death
yu. IN last chapter Fadeev puts the heroes in such a situation, and the same for both. The choice of a person depends on what he lived before, what is his moral core
.
Death of Frost
, his feat showed that he is a real comrade, that he the same "new man"
which the revolution must give birth to and bring up. Without thinking about himself, Morozka gives his life for the sake of the life of his comrades: “He felt them in himself so clearly, these tired, unsuspecting people who trusted him, that he did not conceive of any other possibility for himself, except for the possibility still warn them about the danger. "
The swordsman, sent on patrol, "slipped from the saddle." This is predetermined by the author: Mechik "did not understand very well why he was sent ahead, but he was repaired"; he even dozed off in the saddle and "there was neither end nor beginning to that sleepy, dull, unrelated state of affairs in which he himself was." Mechik's betrayal emphasized by his "humiliating body movements"; he "flounders on all fours", "makes incredible jumps", saved his life. And he suffers not so much because because of him dozens of people who trusted him died, but because "the indelibly dirty, disgusting stain of this act contradicted everything good and pure that he found in himself."
how through the images of Morozka and Mechik, the author solves the problem of the intelligentsia and the revolution ?
Frost are inherent in a sober, real attitude to reality, a growing awareness of what is happening, understanding the meaning and purpose of the struggle . Mechik - filled not with real life, but with book knowledge, a person who did not have a clear, clear vision of events and not yet realizing his place in life , and most importantly - not burdened with political and moral principles. Comparison of Frost and Sword demonstrates according to Fadeev, the superiority of one and the inferiority of the other .
III. Final words of the teacher
The main reason for irresponsibility, cowardice, and weakness of the "educated", "clean", "urban" Mechika Fadeev considers him overdeveloped sense of personality . Betrayal, according to Fadeev, is a natural ending, to which comes (and cannot but come!) An intellectual who is not deeply rooted with the people, with the masses, with the proletariat and its party. However, Fadeev shows that among the intelligentsia there are people devoted to the cause of the revolution. These are people of a "special breed".
Homework
Pick up episodes that characterize Levinson's image.
Lesson 3. The image of Levinson and the problem of humanism in the novel by A. A. Fadeev "The Defeat"
Methodological techniques: analytical conversation.
During the classes
I. The teacher's word
In Levinson, Fadeev embodied the image of a person "always at the head", harmoniously combining instinct, will and reason. This is a "special person". In the composition of the novel, a separate chapter (vi) ... Levinson opens and closes the novel: he appears in the first and last paragraphs of the novel.
The most important thing in the general movement of action is the fate of the entire collective, the entire partisan detachment. Levinson is the bearer of a common, uniting, uniting and organizing principle.
It was very important for Fadeev to artistically reproduce in Razgrom a special type of relationship between the communist leader and the partisans “From my experience of partisan warfare, I saw that with great elements of spontaneity in the partisan movement, the Bolshevik workers played a decisive, organizing role in it,” he said. - This idea ... I wanted to emphasize in the novel "The Defeat". Fadeev shows how the fundamental, class interests of people sometimes run counter to their private, temporary interests, desires and ideas. In the eyes of Fadeev Levinson is the focus of precisely these main, fundamental interests of the people.
II. Conversation
How Fadeev draws levinson's image ?
Levinson introduces indisputable authority, a man of unbending will, self-confident, born to lead ... Fadeev draws the image of Levinson through the attitude of other characters towards him : “No one in the detachment knew that Levinson could hesitate at all: he did not share his thoughts and feelings with anyone, he presented ready-made“ yes ”or“ no ”. Therefore, he seemed to everyone ... a person of a special, correct breed. " Each partisan thought that Levinson “understands everything, does everything as it should ... Therefore, one cannot not trust and obey such a right person ...” The author emphasizes in Levinson a natural, intuitive sense of truth, the ability to navigate the situation: “a special scent. .. sixth flair, like a bat "; “He was extremely patient and persistent, like an old taiga wolf, which, perhaps, already lacks teeth, but which imperiously leads the pack - the invincible wisdom of many generations” (Chapter III).
What does it matter levinson's childhood memories ?
Memories of Levinson's childhood , his looks are in contradiction with his image of a "person of a special breed" ... “As a child, he helped his father sell used furniture, and his father wanted to get rich all his life, but he was afraid of mice and played badly on the violin” - such things Levinson did not tell anyone. Levinson recalls "an old family photograph, where a puny Jewish boy - in a black jacket, with large naive eyes - looked with amazing, childish persistence at the place from which, as he was told then, the bird should fly out."
Over time, Levinson became disillusioned "with the false fables about beautiful birds" and came to "the simplest and most difficult wisdom:" To see everything as it is - in order to change what is, bring closer what is born and should be".
What is role of portrait character?
Appearance Levinson completely not heroic : "He was so small, unprepossessing in appearance - all consisted of a hat, a red beard and ichigov above the knees." Mechiku Levinson resembles a "gnome from a fairy tale." Fadeev emphasizes the physical weakness, the external unpretentiousness of the hero, highlighting, however, his "Otherworldly eyes", deep as lakes ... This portrait detail speaks of the originality and significance of the personality.
What are main character traits of Levinson ?
In the scene of the trial of Frost, Levinson is shown to be tough, subduing people: “Frost hesitated. Levinson leaned forward and, immediately grabbing him like a pair of pincers, with an unblinking gaze, pulled him out of the crowd like a nail. Morozka "was sure that the commander" sees everything right through "and it is almost impossible to deceive him." Levinson may speak “surprisingly quietly,” but everyone hears him, catches every word. His words are convincing, although he may internally hesitate, do not have a plan of action, and feel confused. However, he does not let anyone into his inner world.
Closure, restraint, will, composure, responsibility, dedication, perseverance, knowledge of human psychology are its main features.
What gives Levinson such confidence and power over people? How does he understand his responsibility to them ?
Levinson deeply believed that people are driven not only by a sense of self-preservation, but also by another, no less important instinct, not realized even by most of them, according to which everything they have to endure, even death, is justified by their ultimate goal. This instinct, Levinson believes, "lives in people under the cover of infinitely small, everyday, pressing needs and worries about his - just as small, but alive - personality, because everyone wants to eat and sleep, because everyone is weak." People entrust their "most important concern" to people like Levinso n.
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
The main problems of the novel:
The problem of human re-education during the civil war. The problem of the intelligentsia and revolution. The problem of humanism.
The image of Frost. The image of Mechik. Levinson's image.
Slide 4
The task set by Fadeev - not so much to tell about the revolution as to show the processes that took place in the mind of a person under the influence of the revolution - determined the ideological-figurative concept, features of the plot and composition of the novel. The story of a small partisan detachment served only as a real plot basis for researching the experiences and actions of the heroes. Eventfulness in the novel is minimized. The battle scenes are not numerous at all. The author seems to be most interested in episodes of a clearly "secondary" character (the theft by an orderly of Frost of melons on a peasant melon, Mechik's feelings in connection with the clumsy filly given to him, Morozka's jealousy of Mechik, discord between Moroz and Vary, everyday scenes from the life of partisans, etc. P.). And yet it is these episodes that latently and consistently develop the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work: how the revolution takes place in the minds and hearts of people, conditioning their behavior. The last episodes of the novel, connected with the defeat of the detachment, are called upon to play the role of a test, a test of human qualities. The betrayal of Mechik and the heroic death of Frost is the logical conclusion of their characters.
Slide 5
"Mayhem"
Choosing the path of depicting reality, close to the one followed by his favorite writers L. Tolstoy and M. Gorky, Fadeev solved the problem in his own way. The original principle of disclosing the problem of the birth of a new person was outlined in "Defeat" Fadeev deliberately chooses a small spatial and temporal plot. At the same time, unlike Gorky, Furmanov, Serafimovich, he focuses not so much on the process of the formation of new qualities as on its sources and results. It is no coincidence that instead of the term "alteration of human material" Fadeev uses another term - "selection".
"Defeat". Artist P.P.Sokolov-Skalya. 1932.
Slide 6
For Fadeev, as a proletarian writer and active figure of the RAPP, it is very important to oppose heroes in the class, socio-political terms. This opposition is always straightforward and unambiguous. Antithesis is the main device of the novel. The opposition takes place at different levels: External ("red" and "white"). Internal (instinct - consciousness, good - evil, love - hate).
Slide 7
Frost's image
Meanwhile, the novel is an unusually harmonious and complete work. The artistic conception is realized with surprising completeness, although the author does not seem to use the “key” psychological episodes of even one of the central characters - Morozka (a quarrel and reconciliation with his wife, jealousy of Mechik, etc.) to analyze his evolution. The fact is that Fadeev is primarily interested in its premises, opportunities and reasons. The behavior of the miner Morozka is not the result of a three-month stay in the detachment, but a consequence of his entire life, the natural result of his participation in the 1917 revolution.
Slide 8
Chapter 01. Frost. Frost rescues the wounded Sword. Artists V. and Yu. Rostovtsevs
Slide 9
Chapter 02. Sword. Frost in the partisan infirmary. Artist D. Dubinsky
Antithesis is also evident in the system of images. This is a juxtaposition of two heroes - Mechik and Frost. Morozka is a worker, Mechik is an intellectual. By this opposition, Fadeev solves the question: what are the paths of the people and the intelligentsia in the revolution. To answer this question, it is necessary to compare the images of Mechik and Morozka in the novel "Defeat".
Slide 10
Ch. 1, 5, 8, 13, 15, 16, 17 The spontaneous nature of Frost. - Ability for a heroic deed in an extreme situation (saving Mechik) Lack of elementary discipline in everyday life (conversation with Levinson) Portrait detail ("naughty curls") Background of the hero (eg explanations of his psychology, underdevelopment of consciousness) The nature of the relationship with Varya Enmity between Morozkoy and Mechikom The theft of melons and the episode of the trial (the influence of the collective opinion on Morozka) The drinking scene (the embodiment of the complexity of personality formation)
Slide 11
What is the path of Frost's formation? (Chapter 1)
Difficult, through ups and downs, the path of personality development. Realization of oneself as a person begins when a person begins to ask questions: what is the meaning of my existence? Morozka did not ask himself such questions until he got into the detachment.
What event made Morozka look at life differently?
The first milestone in self-awareness was the judgment on him (Chapter 5). At first, Morozka did not understand why he was being tried. But when he felt hundreds of prying eyes on himself, he heard Dubov's words that he "disgraces the coal tribe." Frost trembled, became pale, like a canvas “his heart was falling in him, as if it had been knocked out.” The threat of expulsion from the detachment turned out to be unexpected and terrible for him: “But would I… have done such a thing. Yes, I will give blood on a vein for each, and not that shame or what! "
Slide 12
What do we learn about Frost's life aspirations?
Morozka knows exactly why he is in the squad. He is his own in the revolutionary stream, since, despite his antics and spontaneous breakdowns, he was drawn to the “right” people: “He tried with all his might to get on that, which seemed to him straight, clear and correct, the road along which such people as Levinson, Baklanov, Dubov. " (chapter 12). Frost's thoughts that someone stubbornly prevents him from going out on this road did not lead him to the conclusion that this enemy is sitting in himself, he is especially pleased to think that he is suffering because of the meanness of people like Mechik ...
Slide 13
Fadeev from the very beginning opposes the clean, fine-looking Mechik to Frost. Mechik is shown for the first time together with people rushing about in panic: "in a kurguz city jacket, clumsily dragging a rifle, a lean boy ran with a limp." The Mechik will also rush about when, having betrayed his comrades, he will flee from the pursuit. "The guy's face was pale, beardless, clean, though smeared with blood." Fadeev describes Mechik in such a way that both his miserable appearance and the author's attitude towards him become clear. Frost saves him, risking his own life. In the last chapter, Frost saves the entire squad, betrayed by Mechik, at the cost of his life.
Slide 14
How is the author's attitude towards Mechik manifested?
Chapter 2 of the novel is devoted to Mechik, thus the main antithesis is defined in the first two chapters, a conflict is outlined: "To tell the truth, Morozka did not like the rescued person at first sight." So the author through Morozka immediately gives an assessment of Mechik, emphasizing it with various words: "bore", "yellow-throated", "snotty".
Chapter 09. Sword in the squad. Artist O. Vereisky
Slide 15
Mechik's image
Mechik's character and the author's attitude to the hero: Ch 2, 7, 9, 11, 12, 17 Mechik's background, romantic ideals Portrait of Mechik in Shaldyba's partisan detachment (humiliated, offended, “he felt sorry for the good, naive, but sincere feeling with which he went to the detachment. "Swordsman in Levinson's partisan detachment (they made a check, gave the" offensive "horse Zyuchikha, humiliated -" a quitter and an asshole) Sword in the hospital. I feel discouraged, really? .. "Ch. 7. And there was also a thought: to leave the detachment. Ch. 4." ... I felt like a real partisan, even turned up my sleeves, wanting to get tan a new life, which he began after a memorable conversation with his sister. ”Conclusion: not so much to be as to seem like a fighter.
Slide 16
Chapter 06. Levinson. Blizzard on the advice of a partisan detachment. Artist O. Vereisky
When describing Mechik, Fadeev often uses words with diminutive suffixes that give the image a contemptuous shade: “in a city jacket”, cheerfully whistling a cheerful urban tune ”-“ urban ”origin is constantly emphasized. The little swordsman now and then blushes, speaks uncertainly, "squeezes his eyes shut with horror."
Slide 17
Chapter 14. Exploration of the Blizzard. Blizzard in exploration. Artist I. Godin
Slide 18
Chapter 14. Exploration of the Blizzard. Blizzard and shepherd boy. Artist D. Dubinsky
Slide 19
What caused Mechik's internal conflict?
Drawn into the meat grinder of the civil war, Mechik was horrified by the dirt, violence, the discrepancy between the two worlds - internal and external. At first he had a vague idea of \u200b\u200bwhat was to come. Once in the detachment, he saw that the people around him did not at all resemble those created by his ardent imagination. These were dirtier, lousy, tougher and more direct. External cleanliness and dirt will be opposed to internal ones, only they will change places. In fact, Mechik dreams of peace, sleep, silence. He reaches out to the kind, caring Vara, and immediately betrays his former love. However, he also feels “almost filial gratitude” to Varya. Collisions with reality bring Mechik more and more disappointments in his romantic ideas about life (episode with a horse in chapter 9).
Slide 20
Let us recall the episodes "Guerrillas take a pig from a Korean." Chapter 11. “The murder of the wounded Frolov”. Ch. 11. "Shooting a man in a vest." Chapter 15. "Break through the quagmire." Chapter 16.
Slide 21
"..But ate the pig with everyone, because he was hungry."
"Mechik saw all this ..." Is it really impossible without this ... the faces of the men floated before him, from whom the last was taken away. " Not idle, trying to stop the doctor. “... a poor man in a vest” (shot without trial) Mechik shared all the trials with the partisans
Slide 22
Frolov learns about the decision to kill him ... "... how unhappy I am."
Partisans are “crushed, wet, angry”. The soldiers are leaving in a hurry, sentries are running, "the partisans ... rushed to run." The swordsman is frightened, but, like everyone else, he breaks through, together with everyone else, saves the horse, unties the knot with his teeth ...
Slide 23
Fadeev builds the novel in such a way that it provides Mechik with a number of opportunities to merge with the detachment, to understand the inner essence of what is happening, but Mechik never saw the main springs of the detachment mechanism and did not feel the need for everything that was being done.
Slide 24
Which episode reveals the true essence of Frost and Sword?
The toughest test of a person is the situation of choosing between life and death. In the last chapter, Fadeev puts the heroes in such a situation, and the same for both. The choice of a person depends on what he lived before, what is his moral core. The death of Frost, his feat showed that he is the very new person that the revolution should bring up. Without thinking about himself, Morozka gives his life for the sake of his comrades: “He felt them so vividly in himself. These tired, unsuspecting people who trusted him, that he had thoughts of some other opportunity for himself, except for the possibility to warn them about the danger "
Slide 25
The swordsman, sent on patrol, "slipped from the saddle." This is predetermined by the author: Mechik did not understand very well why he was sent ahead, but obeyed. Mechik's betrayal is underscored by his demeaning gestures; he flounders on all fours, makes incredible jumps, saving his life. And he suffers not so much because people died because of him, but because "the indelibly dirty stain of this deed contradicted the good and pure that he found in himself."
Slide 26
How does the author solve the problem of the intelligentsia and revolution through the images of Morozka and Mechik?
Frost is characterized by a sober, real attitude to reality, a growing awareness of what is happening, an understanding of the meaning and purpose of the struggle. Mechik is a romantic, filled not with real life, but with book knowledge, a person who did not have a clear, clear vision of events and did not yet realize his place in life, and most importantly, not burdened with political and moral principles.
Slide 27
Chapter 15. Three deaths. A snowstorm before a fight with a White Guard officer. Artist I. Godin
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The image of Mechik. "... a selfish individualist" or a "young romantic" who has lost his ideals? "
In the criticism of the time when the novel appeared, the conversation about this hero was closely related to the theme of the depiction of the intelligentsia. Mechik bears in itself almost all the signs of a passing culture with the goodness of everyday life and mutual contacts of people. It can be considered that the author failed to solve the problem of the worthy and convincing place of the intelligentsia in the events of the revolution. The writer filled the image of each hero with a deep philosophical meaning. Mechik's fate was a response to those who saw violence in the collective; an answer to the question why Mechik was discarded by the revolution as an unnecessary element. Mechik refers to the detachment as to a hostile society, feeling like a renegade, a “hero” not understood by the crowd, which he despises, defending his individuality. Every act of Levinson and other partisans was perceived by him as violence against a person (the death of Frolov, the shooting of a man in a waistcoat, an episode with the murder of a pig, etc.). The swordsman throws off his outer shell and at the decisive moment becomes a traitor.
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Chapter 15. Three deaths. Artist O. Vereisky
Slide 30
Chapter 15. Three deaths. Levinson leads the party to the attack. Artist D. Dubinsky
Slide 31
The main reason for Mechik's irresponsibility, cowardice and weakness, Fadeev considers his egoism, individualism, and an overdeveloped sense of personality. Betrayal, according to Fadeev, is a natural ending, to which comes an intellectual who is not deeply rooted with the people, the masses, with the proletariat and its party. However, Fadeev shows that among the intelligentsia there are people devoted to the cause of the revolution. These are people of a "special breed".
Slide 32
Squad Leader Levinson is the hero of the novel
He is distinguished by his revolutionary consciousness, the ability to organize the masses and lead them. Outwardly, Levinson was unremarkable: small, unsightly in appearance, in his face only his eyes were attractive, blue, deep like lakes. However, the guerrillas see him as a "right breed".
Slide 33
Levinson's image and the problem of humanism.
How does Fadeev draw the image of Levinson? The main features of Levinson: - isolation - restraint - will - composure - responsibility - dedication - perseverance - knowledge of human psychology.
Slide 34
What gives Levinson such confidence and power over people? Can it be argued that Levinson is a supporter of the idea: "the end justifies the means"? Episode "Jamming a Fish" (Chapter 11) Episode "Confiscating a Pig from a Korean" (Chapter 11)
Slide 35
The commander knew how to do everything: to develop a plan for the rescue of the detachment, and to talk with people about economic issues, and play in the towns, and give orders in time, and, most importantly, convince people. Levinson has political sagacity. Realizing that the strength of the partisans is in the support of the people, he strictly monitors that the partisans do not drop themselves in the eyes of the population. For educational purposes, he arranges a demonstrative condemnation of Morozka's misdeeds, proposes a decision that obliges the partisans to free time help the population.
Slide 36
During Levinson's difficult moments of hesitation, no one noticed confusion in his soul, he did not share his feelings with anyone, he himself strove to find the right solution; in relations with people he was always firm. As the squad leader, Levinson had tremendous persuasion power. But there were times when there was a need for coercion. So, when food was needed, he was forced to give the order to steal cows from the peasants. He did this by virtue of revolutionary humanism in order to save the detachment. Revolutionary humanism also determined Levinson's behavior towards the sick Frolov. The partisan was hopelessly ill. The detachment could not take him with them, there was no hospital nearby. The commander did not want to abandon his comrade. Believing that death would save Frolov from torment, Levinson accelerated it, seeing this as a manifestation of humanity.
Slide 37
Chapter 16. Bog. Artist O. Vereisky
The role of Levinson as the leader of the detachment, his authority, his will with extraordinary artistic persuasiveness are shown by Fadeyev in the scene when the commander imperiously orders to drive the swamp, which blocked the detachment's only possible path. He appears with a torch among desperate people, resembling Danko from the Gorky legend. The people obeyed his will and crossed the quagmire. Based on the vast experience of the revolutionary struggle, Levinson defines the tasks of the communist: "To see everything as it is, in order to change what is, bring closer what is born and should be."
Slide 38
Chapter 17. Nineteen. "So they rode out of the forest — all nineteen." Artist D. Dubinsky
Slide 39
So, in the fates of the characters in the novel, the writer's ideological plan was revealed - to show how in the revolution there was a "alteration of human material", everything alien to revolutionary ideals was eliminated, the characters of the future builders of socialism were formed and tempered in battle.
What is the path of Frost's formation?
The first chapter of the novel is devoted to Frost. The theme of Frost's image is a difficult, through ups and downs, path of personality formation. The awareness of oneself as a person probably begins from the moment when a person begins to ask questions: what is the meaning of my existence? Why was I born? What is the essence of life? Morozka never asked himself such questions before he joined the squad. He was a "second generation miner". He was born "in a dark hut, near mine number 2, when a hoarse whistle called the morning shift to work." The description of this joyful event - the birth of a man - is described in a harsh, businesslike manner in dark colors. Morozka got a light on a beep, and his further life seemed to be programmed: “At the age of twelve, Morozka learned to get up on a beep, roll trolleys, speak unnecessary, big obscene words and drink vodka”. The writer emphasizes the typical, ordinary life of the hero: "In this life Morozka did not look for new roads, but walked the old, already verified paths." Several episodes even begin the same: "When the time has come ..." There were no hints of revolutionary spirit. The only thing that attracts attention is the fact that Morozka did not betray the instigators of the strike to the police. But in general, "he did everything thoughtlessly: life seemed to him simple, unwise, like a round Murom cucumber ..."
What event made Morozka look at life differently?
The first milestone in self-awareness was for the hero his trial (chapter V). Frost at first did not understand that he was being tried: just think, he stole a melon; in the village "miners" often stole watermelons, cucumbers - it was in the order of things. But when he felt “hundreds of prying eyes” on himself, when he stumbled upon the stern faces of his comrades, when he heard Dubov’s heavy words that he “disgraces the coal tribe,” Morozka trembled and became “pale as a sheet,” “his heart fell in him, as if ". The threat of expelling him from the detachment turned out to be unexpected and terrible for him: "But if I ... would do something like that ... Yes, I will give blood on a vein for each, and not that shame or whatever! .." Giving a "miner's" word , Frost kept it to the end.
What do we learn about Frost's life aspirations?
Morozka knows exactly why he is in the squad. He is his own in the revolutionary stream, because, despite all his antics and spontaneous breakdowns, he was always drawn to the best, to the “right” people: “He tried with all his might to get on that, which seemed to him straight, clear and correct, road, along which people like Levinson, Baklanov, oaks walked "(Chapter XII" Evil "thoughts of Morozka that someone stubbornly prevents him from entering this" correct path "did not lead him to the conclusion that" this enemy is sitting in himself, it was especially pleasant and bitter for him to think that he was suffering because of the meanness of people - such as Mechik, in the first place.
How does Mechik's image develop in the novel?
From the very beginning, Fadeev opposes the brawler, drunkard and foul-mouthed Frost to the clean, handsome Mechik. Mechik is shown for the first time together with people rushing about in panic: "in a kurguz city jacket, clumsily dragging a rifle, a lean boy ran with a limp." Likewise, Mechik will rush about when, having betrayed his comrades, he will save himself from the pursuit (is not his name also from these throwing?). "The guy's face was pale, beardless, clean, though smeared with blood." Note that this blood is accidental, as if the hero was not wounded, but only stained his "clean" face. Fadeev describes Mechik in such a way that both his miserable appearance and the author's attitude towards him become clear. Frost saves him, risking his own life. In the last chapter, Frost saves the entire squad, betrayed by Mechik, at the cost of his life.
The second chapter of the novel is devoted to Mechik, thus the main antithesis is defined in the first two chapters, a conflict is outlined: “To tell the truth, the rescued person did not like Morozka at first sight” - Morozka here shows a “class” intuitive flair. “Morozka didn't like clean people. In his life practice these were fickle, worthless people who cannot be trusted. " Morozka's first impression is fully justified at the end of the novel. So the author through Morozka immediately gives an assessment of Mechik, emphasizing it with various pejorative names: "bore", "yellow-throated", "snotty".
When describing Mechik, Fadeev often uses words with diminutive suffixes, which give the image a contemptuous shade: “in a kurguz city jacket”, “a cheerful urban motif whistling cheerfully” - the “urban” origin of the hero is constantly emphasized. The little sword now and then blushes, sighs, speaks uncertainly, "squeezes his eyes shut with horror."
What caused Mechik's internal conflict?
Drawn into the meat grinder of the civil war, Mechik was horrified by the dirt, violence, the discrepancy between the two worlds - internal and external. At first, he "had a very vague idea of \u200b\u200bwhat awaited him." Once in the detachment, he saw that “the people around him did not at all resemble those created by his ardent imagination. These were dirtier, lousier, tougher and more direct. " External "cleanliness" and "dirt" will be opposed to internal ones, only they will change places. In fact, Mechik dreams of "peace, sleep, silence." He reaches out to the kind, caring Vara, and immediately betrays his former love - "a girl in bright curls": when Varya accidentally stepped on the photo with her foot, "Mechik was ashamed to even ask to raise the card," and then he himself tears up the portrait of the girl to shreds. However, Mechik's love for Vara is not real. He feels "almost filial gratitude" to her, dreams of "pink-quiet clouds", of braids, "golden as noon", of "good words." The author immediately says that "everything that Mechik thought about was not real, but what he would like to see everything."
Collisions with reality bring Mechik more and more disappointments in his romantic ideas about life. For example, in Chapter IX (the episode with the horse) the hero's "boyishly proud hopes" collapse. Instead of a good horse, he was ordered to look after "a tearful, mournful mare, dirty white, with a sagging back and a chaff belly." He felt humiliated and decided that he would not take care of the mare - "let him die." This is how the author reveals Mechik's inconsistency, explains the dislike for him in the detachment - everyone considered him a quitter and a bummer.
If Morozka is drawn to the "right people", then Mechik got along with Pika, Chizh, and he learned the worst from them.
Fadeev builds the novel in such a way that it provides Mechik with a number of opportunities to merge with the detachment, to understand the inner essence of what is happening. But Mechik never saw "the main springs of the detachment mechanism and did not feel the need for everything that was being done." The swordsman loves himself first of all, pity himself, justifies himself.
Which episode reveals the true essence of Frost and Sword?
The most cruel test of a person is the situation of choosing between life and death. In the last chapter, Fadeev puts the heroes in such a situation, and the same for both. The choice of a person depends on what he lived before, what is his moral core. The death of Morozka, his feat showed that he is a real comrade, that he is the very "new man" that the revolution should give birth to and bring up. Without thinking about himself, Morozka gives his life for the sake of the life of his comrades: “He felt them so vividly in himself, these tired, unsuspecting people who trusted him, that he did not conceive of any other possibility for himself except the possibility still warn them about the danger. "
The swordsman, sent on patrol, "slipped from the saddle." This is predetermined by the author: Mechik "did not understand very well why he was sent ahead, but he was repaired"; he even dozed off in the saddle and "there was neither end nor beginning to that sleepy, dull, unrelated state of affairs in which he was himself." Mechik's betrayal is underscored by his “demeaning gestures”; he "flounders on all fours", "makes incredible jumps", saved his life. And he suffers not so much because because of him dozens of people who trusted him died, but because "the indelibly dirty, disgusting stain of this act contradicted everything good and pure that he found in himself."
How does the author solve the problem of the intelligentsia and revolution through the images of Morozka and Mechik?
Frost is characterized by a sober, real attitude to reality, a growing awareness of what is happening, an understanding of the meaning and purpose of the struggle. Mechik is not overflowing with life-real, but bookish knowledge, a person who did not have a clear, clear vision of events and did not yet realize his place in life, and most importantly, not burdened with political and moral principles. Comparison of Morozka and Mechik demonstrates, according to Fadeev, the superiority of one and the inferiority of the other.
19 March 2015Fadeev's "defeat", which we will analyze in this article, was written in 1927. For the first time in Russian literature, Alexander Alexandrovich focused on depicting the inner world of participants in the civil war and revolution - fictional characters, ordinary heroes. In the novel, everything is subordinated to the solution of this problem - from the peculiarities of the composition, the choice of the situation to the methods of psychological analysis used in the text. This is the peculiarity of Fadeev's "The Defeat". An analysis of it, as well as a summary of this novel, we bring to your attention.
The author's choice of time and place of action
Fadeev, talking about the partisan movement unfolding in the Far East during the civil war, chooses for his story a tragic situation, which is indicated in the title: we are talking about the defeat of one detachment of partisans. The characters of various heroes are revealed most vividly in these tests, as our analysis shows. "The Defeat" (Fadeev) is a work in which the idea of \u200b\u200bpersonality transformation plays an important role. According to the author himself, "people are being altered".
Portrayal of hero psychology
A detailed introduction is made up of the first 8 chapters of Fadeev's "The Defeat". Analyzing them, one can notice that a whole series is named after the main characters of the novel: "Levinson", "Mechik", "Frost". It can also be noted that the author deliberately slows down the pace of development of the action in order to present the stories of the main characters to the readers, describe their relationships, prepare them to understand their behavior during battles.
Depicting the psychology of the heroes, the writer uses the tradition of classical Russian literature. Analyzing the novel "The Defeat" by Fadeev, it should be noted that Alexander Alexandrovich mostly relies on the work of Leo Tolstoy. The author follows his principles, despite the fact that the time at which the work was created was marked by a violent denial of the past, including the literary, and attention to the analysis of the inner world was considered "psychotic". In the traditions of Tolstoy, the text contains techniques of psychological analysis: landscape and portrait details, as well as internal monologues that reveal the secret reasons for the actions of the heroes, their feelings and thoughts (chapters Nineteen, Cargo, Levinson).
Using the antithesis technique, its analysis
"Defeat" (Fadeev A. A.) is a work that uses the method of antithesis, which reveals the tension of psychological, moral, historical conflicts. In contrast to Morozka and Levinson, as well as the latter and Mechik, the significance of consciousness, conviction in the formation of the human personality is shown.
So, in the work Mechik and Morozka collide. Analysis of the novel "The Defeat" by Fadeev reveals what is their confrontation. From the very beginning, this reveals the superiority of the "class instinct" inherent in proletarians over the doubts of this "clean" intellectual, who is interested not in the revolution as such, but in himself in it. After reading the work, we can be convinced that the class principle clearly dominates in the novel when a person is evaluated. This is primarily due to the historical limitations inherent in the author's views.
The image of the inner formation of a person
The main attention in the novel "The Defeat" Fadeev (analysis of the work proves this) pays such a moment as the formation of the personality of a person fighting for new life, moral and psychological formation. The process of his maturation is most fully revealed on the example of Ivan Morozov, a miner nicknamed Morozka. 12 chapters out of 17 are connected with him in one way or another. The work depicts successively changes in the thoughts and feelings of this person. Levinson, the squad leader, plays a special role in this process. The feat was the result of the short life of Ivan Morozov. He saved his comrades at the cost of his own life.
The hero who could not stand the test
As we have already noted, Fadeev builds his novel "The Defeat" on the antithesis. Analysis of the work shows that the antipode of Ivan Morozov is Pavel Mechik, who has not withstood the tests of harsh reality. The author interprets each of his actions as an expression of selfishness, weakness, lack of a moral core. All these traits ultimately push Mechik to betrayal. The author is consistent in debunking this hero. For him, this person is initially cowardly, shallow, and his sufferings are insignificant, superficial. In the description of this intellectual, we do not find the desire to portray a contradictory, complex personality, characteristic of the author's contemporaries.
We have identified only the main points that are present in the work "The Defeat" by Fadeev. Our analysis can be supplemented. After all, each of us understands literature in his own way. Try to find some other features of the novel "The Defeat" (Fadeev) yourself. Chapter-by-chapter analysis will help you better understand the work and identify interesting patterns.
The story tells that Levinson, the commander of a partisan detachment, orders Morozka, his orderly, to take a package to another detachment. Tom doesn't want to go, so he suggests sending someone else. The commander, having heard about this, calmly orders his orderly to surrender the weapon, and then go wherever he pleases. After thinking it over, Morozka decides to take the letter and goes with the assignment, noticing that he cannot "leave the squadron" in any way. It is no coincidence that Fadeev ("The Defeat") notes this. The analysis of Morozko, the main character of the novel, reveals his complex character and internal struggle. How it ends, you will find out by reading to the end the summary of the work.
Frost's backstory, the hero picks up the Sword
Let's describe further events. Then comes the backstory of Ivan Morozov. He worked as a miner, already in the second generation. Morozka thoughtlessly did everything in his life, including marrying Vara, a walking hauler, and then he also left to defend the Soviets in the eighteenth year.
On the way to the detachment under the command of Shaldyba, where the orderly is taking the package, he notices a battle between the partisans and the Japanese. Russian soldiers flee, leaving behind a wounded boy dressed in a city jacket. Frost picks him up and returns to his commander Levinson. Analyzing the story "The Defeat" by Fadeev, we have already mentioned Pavel Mechik. Below we will introduce you to this hero in more detail.
Mechikov in the infirmary
Pavel Mechik, who was picked up by Ivan, woke up only in the forest infirmary, noticed nurse Varya (who is Morozka's wife) and Doctor Stashinsky. The wounded is bandaged. It is reported in the backstory of this character that, when he was still living in the city, he wanted to become heroic, so he decided to go to the partisans. However, I was disappointed when I got to the red. He is trying to talk to Dr. Stashinsky in the infirmary. But the latter, having learned that this man was making friends mainly with the maximalist Socialist-Revolutionaries, is reluctant to talk with Mechik.
Frost's offense
Morozka didn't like the wounded hero at once. His opinion of him was strengthened when Morozka visited his wife in the infirmary. After that, he tried to steal melons from Ryabets, the village chairman. However, he was forced to retire, caught by the owner. The chairman complains to Levinson, and he gives the order to take the weapon from Morozka. A village gathering was scheduled for the evening to discuss the orderly's misconduct. Having crowded among the men, Levinson finally understands that the detachment needs to retreat, since the Japanese are already very close. The partisans gather at the appointed time, and the commander explains what the matter is, offering to decide for everyone how to deal with Morozka.
Morozka makes a promise, guesses about the relationship between his wife and Mechikov
Dubov, a partisan, a former miner, says that it is necessary to expel the orderly from the detachment. This has such a strong effect on the offending hero that he pledges never to disgrace the title of a former miner and partisan in any way. Morozka, on one of his trips to the infirmary, realizes that Mechik and his wife have a special relationship. Having never been jealous of his spouse before, this time he feels anger both towards his wife and towards this "mama's son" (the definition awarded by Mechik Frost).
Mechik gets a horse
Everyone in the squad thinks that Levinson is a "correct", "special" breed. The partisans believe that the commander understands and knows everything, although he sometimes experienced hesitation and doubts. Levinson, having collected information from all sides, orders his detachment to retreat. The mechik, who has already recovered, returns to the squadron. The commander orders to provide him with a horse. So Mechik gets a "mournful tearful" mare named Zyuchikha. The offended partisan does not know how to deal with her. Not being able to get close to other members of the squad, he is not able to see the "main springs" of his mechanism.
Mechikov and Baklanov go on reconnaissance
Mechikov, together with Baklanov, decide to send them to reconnaissance. They run into a Japanese patrol in the village and kill three in a shootout. Having found the main forces of the Japanese, the two partisans return to their detachment.
The Frolov story
It is necessary to retreat, it is required to evacuate the hospital, but the mortally wounded Frolov cannot be taken with you. Stashinsky and Levinson therefore decide to give him poison. Mechik overhears their conversation. He tries to interfere with the doctor. He shouts at him. Frolov understands what the matter is, and agrees to drink the poison.
Events in the village
The detachment retreats, Levinson goes to check the guards during the night, starts a conversation with Mechik, who is at the sentry's post. He tries to explain to the commander that he feels bad in the detachment, but after this conversation Levinson gets the impression that this partisan is "an impenetrable confusion." The commander sends Blizzard to reconnaissance. He sneaks into the village where the Cossacks are at that time, climbs the fence of the house in which the squadron commander temporarily lives. The Cossacks find him, lock him up in a barn, and interrogate him the next morning, after which they lead him to the square. Here a man in a vest steps forward, leading a frightened shepherd boy by the hand. Blizzard left his horse for this boy the day before, having met him in the forest. The head of the Cossacks wants to interrogate the child "in his own way", but Blizzard, trying to strangle, rushes at him. The chief shoots - and the Blizzard dies.
Battle with the Cossacks
Alexander Fadeev ("The Defeat") continues his work. Analyzing the further content, the following key points can be distinguished. The Cossack squadron leaves along the road. At this time, he is discovered by partisans, who ambush him, putting the Cossacks to flight. Frost's horse is killed during the battle. The partisans, having occupied the saddle, by order of the commander, shoot the above-mentioned man in the vest. The enemy cavalry arrives in the village at dawn. Levinson's detachment, significantly thinner, retreats into the forest, to the swamps, but gets stuck there, because there is a bog in front. Then Levinson decides to drive the swamp. Having accomplished this, the detachment makes its way to the bridge, where the Cossacks set up an ambush. Mechik goes on patrol, but escapes, discovered by the Cossacks, being afraid to warn Levinson's detachment. Frost, who was driving after him, shoots three times, as agreed, and dies. Levinson's squad rushes into the attack, only 19 people remain alive.
So, we examined the work that Fadeev created ("The Defeat"). Summary, its analysis was presented to you. We hope you found this article helpful.
