Fedor Grigorievich Volkov
VOLKOV Fedor Grigorievich (1729-1763) - actor, creator of the Russian dramatic professional theater. From a merchant family. He organized an amateur troupe in Yaroslavl, on the basis of which in 1756 the first public professional drama theater was created in St. Petersburg. He played in the tragedies of L. P. Sumarokov. In 1763, he directed a street masquerade in Moscow in honor of the coronation of Catherine II - "Triumphant Minerva".
Orlov A.S., Georgiev N.G., Georgiev V.A. Historical dictionary. 2nd ed. M., 2012, p. 91.
Volkov Fedor Grigorievich (02/09/1729-04/04/1763), founder of a permanent professional Russian theater, actor, writer, translator. Born in Kostroma in a merchant family. From 1735 he lived in Yaroslavl. He studied with an exiled German pastor, then in Moscow, where he met the so-called. school theater and performances of the Italian troupe. In 1748, having returned to Yaroslavl, he organized at first a home theater, and from 1750 a public theater. In 1752 Volkov's theater was summoned to St. Petersburg. In 1754-56 Volkov continued his education in the gentry cadet corps. Volkov's activities had great importance for the development of professional theatre. Volkov's literary work is connected with the theater. He translated the libretto of Metastasio's opera "Tito's Mercy" (posted in Yaroslavl). He is also credited with 15 original and translated plays that have not come down to us (except for the translations of Moliere, stored in the Paris Library). Volkov’s famous poems “You are passing, dear, past the cell ...”, “Let's, brothers, sing an old song”, which became widespread and included in the songbooks of the 18th century. Volkov's epigram "The horseman is praised ..." was published in N. I. Novikov's "Experience of a Historical Dictionary of Russian Writers" (St. Petersburg, 1772). Volkov owns the central part of the libretto of the masquerade performance "Triumphant Minerva", organized in Moscow in 1763 after the coronation of the imp. Catherine II. The libretto, which also contains satirical motifs, along with images borrowed from ancient mythology and history (Diogenes), includes images reflecting Russian reality (Krivosud, Vyatkolyub). Volkov also introduced elements of folk buffoon games into the allegorical representation characteristic of classicism. Volkov died of a cold during a masquerade procession that took place outside in the winter.
Site materials used Big Encyclopedia Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru
VOLKOV Fedor Grigoryevich (1728 or 1729, Kostroma - 1763, Moscow) - the founder of the Russian theater. V. - the eldest son of a merchant family, where there were five sons. In 1735, V.'s father died. Mother soon married a Yaroslavl merchant, owner of the sulfur and vitriol plants Polushkin, and the family moved to Yaroslavl. Stepfather sent V. to study in Moscow. Where V. studied is not established, but his biographers indicate that during his stay "in the sciences" (1741 - 1748), he "adorned his natural mind and talent with a long and diligent study." Polushkin trained his stepchildren to continue his work, but V., returning to Yaroslavl in 1748 after the death of his stepfather, soon retired, transferring the plants to his brother. In 1750 V. founded a public theatre, the performances of which were originally held in the barn. After a decree that legalized private theaters, with the support of noble circles, V. in 1751 built a special building with a good stage, where the famous actors I.A. Dmitrevsky, Ya.D. Shumsky and others. V. himself was an architect and director, machinist and decorator, author and composer, and also the first actor. Rumors about this theater reached St. Petersburg, and the Yaroslavl people were summoned by the imp. Elizabeth Petrovna. I liked the first performances played, V. was presented with a ring from the hand of the imp. V. and part of the troupe were given to the cadet corps, where the artists studied the sciences, foreign languages, gymnastics and recitation. V. in addition to this, he was also engaged in music and drawing, and "used every effort to come out ... the most enlightened, in which he succeeded completely." In 1756, a decree was issued on the establishment of a "Russian public theater for the presentation of tragedies and comedies", the leadership of the troupe to-rogo, which consisted of 12 people, was entrusted to the playwright A.P. Sumarokov. V. received the title of "first court actor", and in 1761 took the place of Sumarokov. The "father of the Russian theater" (V. G. Belinsky) lived by art, and the stage occupied all his thoughts and feelings. According to N.I. Novikov, V. never fell in love. In 1762, the brothers Fyodor and Grigory V. were elevated to the nobility and awarded with estates and peasants (300 souls) for their participation in the palace coup that elevated Catherine II to the throne. At the direction of the new imp. V. prepared in Moscow for the coronation celebrations street masquerade "Triumphant Minerva", where V. was the writer of the libretto, director and chief manager. Having severely caught a cold during the preparation and holding of the celebrations, V. died. Many works of V. of various kinds of art have not been preserved.
Used materials of the book: Shikman A.P. Figures of national history. Biographical guide. Moscow, 1997
Volkov Fedor Grigoryevich - the founder of the Russian theater, was born on February 9, 1729 in Kostroma. His father, a merchant from Kostroma, died during his childhood, and his mother remarried to the Yaroslavl merchant Polushkin. V.'s stepfather was a wealthy and kind man. The boy received his first literacy lessons from a pastor who was under Duke Biron, who was exiled to Yaroslavl; then he was sent to Moscow to the Zaikonospassky Academy, where he stayed for about three years, and in 1743 was taken from there by his stepfather. The latter made V. and his brothers comrades of their industrial and commercial enterprises. In 1746, the young merchant arrived in St. Petersburg on business, and here, according to legend, a visit to the court theater made a tremendous impression on him. He devoted himself entirely to a new passion and during the two years of his stay in St. Petersburg he was engaged in the arts and the study of theatrical art. In 1747, Polushkin died, and Volkov had to return to Yaroslavl. Here he organized a troupe and began to give performances in a stone barn. The first performance took place on June 29, 1750; the drama "Esther" and the pastoral "Evmon and Bertha" were given. The closest accomplices were the two brothers V. Grigory and Gavrilo, Dyakonov (later Dmitrevsky), Chulkov, Popov and others. The performances were successful, and a real wooden theater was soon built on donations. The rumor about him reached the Empress, and in 1752 V. with his troupe was summoned to St. Petersburg. Young Yaroslavl residents made their debut in Tsarskoe Selo in the tragedy "Khorev". Then they were all assigned to the cadet corps and all were assigned state content. August 30, 1756 was followed by a decree on the establishment of the Russian theater, and V. awarded the title of the first "court actor". Since that time, the glory of V. has been growing; his talent is also attested by foreigners. In 1759 he was sent to Moscow to streamline the theater there. In the coup during the accession to the throne of Catherine II, V. took an active part, for which he received the nobility and 700 souls of peasants. For the coronation in 1763, he composed the masquerade "The Triumphant Minerva". Died 4 Apr. 1763 As an actor, V. strove for reality; his recitation, according to Novikov, was "just natural and unadorned with art." It is this lack of affectation that has passed on to Russian artists. In general, however, V. did not create a school. He performed more than 60 roles; his best roles were tragic. V.'s main merit is in the creation of the theater itself, which was facilitated by his many talents: he was an actor, playwright, poet, musician, painter and sculptor. Literary activity V. consisted in writing everyday plays and translating French tragedies and comedies; they all perished, with the exception of Molière's translations, kept in the Parisian library. Wed "F. G. Volkov", A. A. Yartseva (St. Petersburg, 1891, in the Biographical Library, published by F. Pavlenkov).
F.A. Brockhaus, I.A. Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary.
VOLKOV Fedor Grigorievich(02/09/1729-04/04/1763), actor, founder of the Russian professional drama theater. From a merchant family. Baby and youth spent in Yaroslavl, in 1741-49 he studied "factory and merchant business" in Moscow, where he became interested in theater. Upon his return to Yaroslavl, he was engaged in managing factories and at the same time organizing a home theater, which then became public.
In 1752, by decree Elizabeth Petrovna Volkov's troupe was summoned to Petersburg. By her own order, Volkov, his brother Grigory and theater comrades I. A. Dmitrevsky, Ya. D. Shuisky were left to study theater and other sciences in the Land Gentry Corps.
By decree of August 30, 1756, on the basis of the Yaroslavl troupe in St. Petersburg, the “Russian Theater for the Presentation of Tragedies and Comedies” was established. Volkov was the director of the theater (since 1761), its actor, as well as director, bandmaster, decorator.
Volkov perfectly mastered the performing style of theatrical classicism, filling it with naturalness and bright temperament. Volkov acted as director, director and designer of the grandiose mass spectacle-masquerade “Triumphant Minerva”, staged on the occasion of the coronation Catherine II January 30 - February 1, 1763 in Moscow. According to legend, Volkov caught a cold while directing this performance, which was the cause of his premature death.
L. N. Vdovina
Literature:
Kulikova K.F. Russian theater The first actors. L., 1991.
Do you know that the birthplace of the Russian theater is not Moscow or St. Petersburg. The Russian theater appeared not in the capital, but in the ancient Russian city of Yaroslavl. It was here in 1750 Russian actor Fyodor Grigoryevich Volkov founded the first professional theater troupe in Russia.
Russian actor and theatrical figure Fyodor Grigoryevich Volkov was born in 1729 in Kostroma. Having lost his father early, Volkov, nevertheless, acquired a kind and attentive parent in the person of his stepfather, the merchant Polushkin. In Moscow, where the boy was sent to study, Volkov was strongly and forever carried away by the theater, for several years he studied the arts and stagecraft. Returning in 1748 to Yaroslavl, where the family lived, he organized a theater troupe and began to give performances in a stone barn. The first performance took place on June 29, 1750, it was the drama Esther. Two years later, Volkov and his comrades, by decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, were summoned to St. Petersburg. And in 1756 the main event of theatrical life took place Russia XVIII century - the establishment of the "Russian theater for the presentation of tragedies and comedies", the first state operating professional theater. Fyodor Volkov was immediately appointed "the first Russian actor", and Alexander Sumarokov was appointed director of the theater, only after his death, in 1761, Volkov became the director of "his" theater. In total, he wrote about 15 plays, none of which has survived to our time, he was also the author of many solemn odes and songs.
Today the Volkovsky Theater is one of the most famous and largest "non-capital" Russian theaters. On its stage, the International Volkov Festival, which has become very famous, is annually held, the winners of which are awarded the Government Prize. Russian Federation named after Fyodor Volkov. Provincial theaters present here their best performances based on the works of Russian classics, scientific conferences of art historians are held here. Scientific conferences, theatrical performances and shows are dedicated to the Russian theater.
The life of Fedor Grigorievich Volkov was cut short on takeoff. During a masquerade called "Triumphant Minerva" in 1763, he caught a cold, and never managed to recover from his cold - on April 4, 1763, the great Russian actor died. Fedor Volkov was buried in Moscow, at the cemetery of the Androniev Monastery. Despite the fact that Volkov's grave did not survive, a memorial plaque was installed at the cemetery. But the best memory of the actor is the theater named after him - the Russian State Academic Drama Theater named after Fyodor Volkov in Yaroslavl.
Fedor was born on February 9 (February 20, according to a new style) in 1729 in Kostroma - a Russian actor and theater figure who created the first permanent Russian theater. Considered the founder of the Russian theater.
Biography
His father, a merchant from Kostroma, died during his childhood. Mother in 1735 remarried the merchant Fyodor Polushkin and moved to Yaroslavl with his children. Volkov's stepfather was a wealthy and kind man. Yaroslavl people were familiar different types theatrical performances. Since childhood, Volkov has seen folk games, amateur performances and performances of school dramas. He was distinguished by various talents. The boy received his first literacy lessons from a pastor who was under Duke E. I. Biron, who was exiled to Yaroslavl.
At the age of twelve, he was sent to Moscow to study business with German industrialists, from whom Volkov, among other things, perfectly learned the German language, which he spoke "like a natural German." In Moscow, he became interested in theatrical performances, which were played out by students of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. While studying in Moscow, Volkov, according to A. A. Shakhovsky, "excelled at Christmas time in the presentation of spiritual dramas and translated comedies, for which Zaikonospassky students have long been famous." Volkov stood out from his peers with his mind, diligence and knowledge, "he was passionately attached," according to Novikov, "to the knowledge of the sciences and arts." The time of study coincided with the ascension to the throne of Elizabeth Petrovna, who contributed a lot to the development of culture.
In 1746, a young merchant arrived in St. Petersburg on business, and here, according to legend, a visit to the court theater made a tremendous impression on him. He devoted himself entirely to a new passion and during his two years in St. Petersburg he was engaged in the arts and the study of the stage business. In 1748, after the death of his stepfather, Fyodor Volkov received the management of the factories, but soon retired, transferring control to his brother.
Having gained independence, he gathers around him lovers of theatrical performances from among the Yaroslavl youth. On June 29 (July 10), 1750, in a large stone barn, where the merchant Polushkin used to store his goods, Volkov gave his first public performance, showing the drama Esther (translated by Volkov) and the pastoral Evmon and Berfa. Although not all Yaroslavl residents accepted the new fun, and there is even information about a robbery perpetrated by several townspeople during one of the performances, the very next year in Yaroslavl, a wooden theater was built specifically for Volkov’s performances on the banks of the Volga, which opened on January 7, 1751 with the tragedy of A. P. Sumarokov "Khorev". In the Volkov Theater, besides himself, his brothers Grigory and Gavrila, the "clerks" Ivan Ikonnikov and Yakov Popov, the "churchman" Ivan Dmitrevsky, the "peepers" Semyon Kuklin and Alexei Popov, the barber Yakov Shumsky, the townspeople Semyon Skachkov and Demyan Galik played . It was the first public theater in Russia.
Since the end of January, Yaroslavl, led by Fyodor Volkov, has already played in front of the Empress and the court. The repertoire consisted of the tragedies of A. P. Sumarokov "Khorev", "Sinav and Truvor" and Shakespeare's "Hamlet". Performances were also staged at the land gentry corps.
On August 30, 1756, the “Russian Theater for the Presentation of Tragedies and Comedies” was officially established, which marked the beginning of the creation of the Imperial Theaters of Russia, and Fyodor Volkov was appointed “the first Russian actor”, and Alexander Sumarokov became the director of the theater, in 1761 this post was taken by Volkov. But for the sake of his beloved work, Fedor Grigoryevich refused the post of cabinet minister, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, estates and serfs.
Fyodor Volkov wrote about 15 plays (“The Court of Shemyakin”, “Everyone Yeremey Understand Yourself”, “Entertainment of Moscow Residents about Shrovetide”, etc.), which have not survived to our time, was also the author of solemn odes (it is known that he began to write an ode “Peter the Great”) and songs (there are “You are passing by the cell, dear” about the forcibly tonsured monk and “Let’s, brother, sing an old song, as people lived in the first century” about the past Golden Age). In addition, he was engaged in artistic design of performances; his picture is known, depicting him and the brothers during the performance, a bust of Peter I; according to legend, the carved iconostasis of the Nikolo-Nadeinskaya church in Yaroslavl is also his work. He played many instruments and created music for performances.
Until now, one of the most obscure moments in his life is his role during the coup and the accession of Catherine II to the throne. In itself, the fact that civil servant Volkov was included in the detachment of guards guarding the deposed Emperor Peter III in Ropsha is unique. According to the researchers of the German historian E. Palmer, Volkov clashed with the emperor on the basis of the musical theater. Pyotr Fedorovich, when he was the Grand Duke, rejected Volkov's services as a composer and director of operas at the Oranienbaum Theater. Volkov, in anger, insulted the Grand Duke, for which he put him under arrest. Volkov's hatred for Peter the Third was well known at court. That is why Volkov was entrusted with the assassination of the emperor. After the coup, he always had access to the empress's office without a report. On the oil week of 1763, in honor of the coronation of Empress Catherine II in Moscow, a multi-day “great masquerade called the Triumphant Minerva, in which the Vileness of Vices and the Glory of Virtue will be expressed”, was arranged, which became the last creation of Volkov.
During the masquerade, he caught a cold and on April 4 (April 15, according to the new style), 1763, he died. He played his last performance on January 29, performing in his best role as Oskold in Sumarokov's tragedy Semira. Fedor Volkov was buried in Moscow, at the cemetery of the Andronikov Monastery. There are no traces of his grave left. In the mid-1990s, a memorial plaque was erected at the cemetery.
(1729-02-20 )Russian empire
Russian for the presentation of tragedies and comedies theater
Fedor Grigorievich Volkov(-) - Russian actor and theatrical figure who created the first permanent Russian theater. Considered the founder of the Russian theater.
Biography
| ... Empress Elisavet Petrovna, autocrat of the All-Russian this January, 3 days agreed to indicate: the Yaroslavl merchants Fyodor Grigoriev, the son of Volkov, with the brothers Gavrila and Grigory, who maintain a theater in Yaroslavl and play comedies, and who they still need for this, bring to St. Petersburg<…>For the quickest of these people and their clothes I bring here, under it I give pit carts and for them running money from the treasury ... |
Since the end of January, Yaroslavl, led by Fyodor Volkov, has already played in front of the Empress and the court. The repertoire consisted of the tragedies of A. P. Sumarokov "Khorev", "Sinav and Truvor" and Shakespeare's "Hamlet". Performances were also staged at the land gentry corps.
On August 30, 1756, the “Russian Theater for the Presentation of Tragedies and Comedies” was officially established, which marked the beginning of the creation of the Imperial Theaters of Russia, and Fyodor Volkov was appointed “the first Russian actor”, and Alexander Sumarokov became the director of the theater, in 1761 this post was taken by Volkov. But for the sake of his beloved work, Fedor Grigorievich refused the post of cabinet minister, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, estates and serfs.
Fyodor Volkov wrote about 15 plays (“The Court of Shemyakin”, “Everyone Yeremey Understand Yourself”, “Entertainment of Moscow Residents about Shrovetide”, etc.), which have not survived to our time, was also the author of solemn odes (it is known that he began to write an ode “Peter the Great”) and songs (there are “You are passing by the cell, dear” about the forcibly tonsured monk and “Let’s, brother, sing an old song, as people lived in the first century” about the past Golden Age). In addition, he was engaged in artistic design of performances; his picture is known, depicting him and the brothers during the performance, a bust of Peter I; according to legend, the carved iconostasis of the Nikolo-Nadeinskaya church in Yaroslavl is also his work. He played many instruments and created music for performances.
Until now, one of the most obscure moments in his life is his role during the coup and the accession of Catherine II to the throne. After the coup, he always had access to the empress's office without a report. On the oil week of 1763 in honor of the coronation of Empress Catherine II in Moscow, a multi-day “ a great masquerade, called "Triumphant Minerva", in which the Foulness of Vices and the Glory of Virtue will be manifested", which was the last creation of Volkov.
During the masquerade, he caught a cold and on April 4 (April 15, according to the new style), 1763, he died. He played his last performance on January 29, performing in his best role as Oskold in Sumarokov's tragedy Semira.
Fyodor Volkov is buried in Moscow, at the cemetery of the Andronikov Monastery. There are no traces of his grave left. In the mid-1990s, a memorial plaque was erected at the cemetery.
Russian actor and theatrical figure Fyodor Grigoryevich Volkov was born in 1729 in Kostroma. Having lost his father early, Volkov, nevertheless, acquired a kind and attentive parent in the person of his stepfather, the merchant Polushkin. In Moscow, where the boy was sent to study, Volkov was strongly and forever carried away by the theater. He literally caught fire with his new passion and for several years studied the arts and stagecraft. Returning in 1748 to Yaroslavl, where the family lived, Volkov organized a theater troupe and began to give performances in a stone barn. The first performance took place on June 29, 1750, it was the drama Esther. Two years later, Volkov and his comrades, by decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, were summoned to St. Petersburg. And in 1756, the main event of the theatrical life of Russia in the 18th century took place - the establishment of the Russian Theater for the Presentation of Tragedies and Comedies, the first state operating professional theater.
Fyodor Volkov was immediately appointed "the first Russian actor", and Alexander Sumarokov was appointed director of the theater, only after his death, in 1761, Volkov became the director of "his" theater. For the sake of this, Fedor Grigorievich resigned from the post of Cabinet Minister. In total, Fyodor Volkov wrote about 15 plays, none of which has survived to our time, he was also the author of many solemn odes and songs.
Today the Volkovsky Theater is one of the most famous and largest "non-capital" Russian theaters. On its stage, the International Volkov Festival, which has become very famous, is annually held, the winners of which are awarded the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation named after Fyodor Volkov. Provincial theaters present here their best performances based on the works of Russian classics, scientific conferences of art historians are held here. Scientific conferences, theatrical performances and shows are dedicated to the Russian theater. The festival traditionally gathers a huge number of theater lovers, the city is filled with guests these days, and the hotels of Yaroslavl hospitably open their doors to the modern servants of Melpomene.
The life of Fedor Grigorievich Volkov was cut short on takeoff. During a masquerade called "Triumphant Minerva" in 1763, he caught a cold, and never managed to recover from his cold - on April 4, 1763, the great Russian actor died. Fedor Volkov was buried in Moscow, at the cemetery of the Androniev Monastery. Despite the fact that Volkov's grave did not survive, a memorial plaque was installed at the cemetery. But the best memory of the actor is the theater named after him - the Russian State Academic Drama Theater named after Fyodor Volkov in Yaroslavl.
