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Grushina Maria Grade 10
Albrecht Durer
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Self-portrait, 1500
Albrecht Durer is a German painter and graphic artist, recognized as the largest European master of woodcuts, who raised her to the level of real art. One of the greatest masters of the Western European Renaissance. The first art theorist among northern European artists, author of a practical guide for artists in German.
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THE FUTURE ARTIST WAS BORN ON MAY 21, 1471 IN NURNBERG, IN THE FAMILY OF THE JEWELER ALBRECHT DÜRER. The Durers Had Eighteen Children Of Which Eight Survived. ABOUT HIS MOTHER ALBRECHT DÜRER, THE YOUNGER REMEMBERED AS A Pious WOMAN, WHO HAVE LIVED A LITTLE LIFE. MAYBE WEAKENED BY FREQUENT PREGNANCIES, SHE HAS BEEN SICK. The famous German publisher Anton Koberger became Dürer's godfather.
Biography
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Barbara Durer
Albrecht Durer Sr.
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For some time, the Dürer rented half of the house from the lawyer and diplomat Johann Pirkheimer. Hence the close acquaintance of two families belonging to different urban classes: the patricians of the Pirkheimers and the artisans of the Durers. With Johann's son, Willibald, one of the most enlightened people in Germany, Dürer Jr. was friends all his life. Thanks to him, the artist later entered the circle of humanists in Nuremberg, whose leader was Pirkheimer, and became his own man there. Since 1477, Albrecht attended a Latin school. At first, the father attracted his son to work in a jewelry workshop. However, Albrecht wanted to paint. The elder Dürer, despite regretting the time spent on teaching his son, succumbed to his requests, and at the age of 15, Albrecht was sent to the studio of the leading Nuremberg artist of the time, Michael Wolgemut.
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The study in 1490, according to tradition, ended with a journey, during which the apprentice learned the skills from masters from other localities. Dürer's student trip lasted until 1494. In 1492, Dürer stayed in Alsace. He did not have time, as he wished, to see Martin Schongauer, who lived in Colmar, a famous master of copper engraving. Later, Dürer moved to Basel, which was at that time one of the centers of printing, to the fourth brother of Martin Schongauer - Georg. Around this period, illustrations in a new, previously unusual style appear in books printed in Basel. The author of these illustrations received from art historians the name "Bergman's typography master". After finding the engraved board of the title page for the publication of "Letters to St. Jerome "of 1492, signed on the back with the name of Durer, the works of" Bergman's typography master "were attributed to him.
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Dürer engravings
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In 1494, Dürer returned to Nuremberg and soon married the daughter of his father's friend, a coppersmith, musician and mechanic, Agnese Frey. The Durers became related to a family that occupied a higher position in Nuremberg: Hans Frey, the owner of a workshop for the manufacture of precision instruments, was a member of the Grand Council of the city, and mother Agnes came from an impoverished noble family. With the marriage, Dürer's social status increased - now he had the right to start his own business. However, the artist's family life itself apparently developed unsuccessfully: the spouses were too different people, the surviving letters of Durer indicate that there was no agreement between him and his wife.
Agnes Durer
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Drawings
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About a thousand of Durer's drawings have survived: landscapes, portraits, sketches of people, animals and plants. Dürer's graphic heritage, one of the largest in the history of European art, is on a par with the graphics of da Vinci and Rembrandt in terms of volume and importance. Free from the arbitrariness of the customer and his desire for the absolute, which brought a share of coldness into his paintings, the artist was most fully revealed as a creator in the drawing. Dürer tirelessly practiced arrangement, generalization of particulars, construction of space. His animalistic and botanical drawings are distinguished by high skill of execution, observation, faithfulness to the transfer of natural forms, characteristic of a naturalist scientist. Most of them are carefully worked out and represent finished works.
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Engravings
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Albrecht Durer produced 374 woodcuts and 83 copper prints. For him, engraving was not only a means of replicating works of art and illustrating books, accessible to wide segments of the population, but also an independent branch of the fine arts. The masterpiece of metal chisel engraving performed by Dürer is considered to be the engraving "Adam and Eve" (1504), working on which the artist used drawings from antique statues of Apollo and Venus. In the years 1513-1514, Dürer created three graphic sheets, masterpieces of engraving, which entered the history of art under the name "Workshops of engravings": "Knight, Death and the Devil", "Saint Jerome in a Cell" and "Melancholy". What unites these works, which are not related to each other by a single plot, are similar in size, virtuoso performance and the fact that to this day they represent a mystery for art critics who offer different interpretations for them.
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Painting
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After the first trip to Italy, Dürer had not yet fully embraced the achievements of the Italian masters of painting, but in his works one can already feel an artist who thinks outside the box, is always ready to search. After the publication of "Apocalypse" Durer became famous in Europe as a master of engraving, and only during his second stay in Italy received recognition abroad as a painter.
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In 1505, Jacob Wimpfeling, in his German History, wrote that Dürer's paintings are valued in Italy “... as highly as the paintings of Parrasius and Apelles”. The works performed after his trip to Venice demonstrate Dürer's successes in solving problems of depicting the human body, including the nude, complex foreshortenings, characters in motion. Gothic angularity characteristic of his early works disappears. The artist relied on the execution of ambitious pictorial projects, taking orders for multi-figure altar images. The works of 1507-1511 are distinguished by their balanced composition, strict symmetry, "some rationality", and the dryness of the manner in which they are depicted. Unlike his Venetian works, Dürer did not seek to convey the effects of a light-air environment, he worked with local colors, possibly yielding to the conservative tastes of his clients.
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The presentation on the theme "Creativity of Albrecht Durer" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: MHC. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report - click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 10 slide (s).
Presentation slides
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MOU "Trubachevskaya secondary school"
Creativity of Albrecht Durer
Completed by 9th grade student Makushkin Daniil Supervisor Trapeznikova I.G.
Trubachevo 2009
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Albrecht Durer
Albrecht Dürer (German: Albrecht Dürer, 1471-1528) - German painter and graphic artist, one of the greatest masters of Western European art.
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The beginning of the creative path
Dürer, the son of a goldsmith, was born in Nuremberg on May 21, 1471. Albrecht Dürer Sr. did not want his son to paint. But one day the doors of my father's closet were open: my father forgot to lock them. And now happiness! Engravings by the famous master Schopenhauer! Not often did Albrecht admire them. Going through the engravings, I came across a sheet of paper with a portrait of my father on it. Trust the adults after that! He draws himself, but forbids him. That this was his father's work, Albrecht had no doubt.
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Self-portrait creation
One should not worry: the hand of the engraver must be firm - this is the first rule that his father constantly instills in him. But how can you be calm when you understand that the creator has endowed you with the ability to forever save on paper what your eyes see. What is beautiful? Well, for example, there is a beautiful thing that is good for people, beautiful is something that pleases the eye. But still - what is it?
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Until the age of 15, he studied his craft with his father, and from that time he became an apprentice to the artist of the Frankish school M. Wolgemut, with whom he studied until 1490, after which he began to travel. On this first trip, Dürer reached, among other things, Venice, which is confirmed by his drawings during this time, bearing clear traces of the influence of Italian masters on him.
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He opened his own workshop in Nuremberg and, using partly the help of his students, performed here a significant number of altar images, such as: "Lamentation of Christ", "Crucifixion", "Altar of All Saints". At the same time, he painted portraits: his own (1498), Tuhern (1499).
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After a second trip to Italy in Vienna, Dürer collected his engravings in one edition and, by experimenting with new engraving techniques, made a radical revolution in this branch of art. Of the famous portraits of Dürer, we will name: Emperor Maximilian (1519, in Vienna), M. Wolgemuth (1516, in Munich), Hans Imhof (1523, in Madrid), Kleberger, Muffel.
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Portrait of Emperor Maximilian
Durer, fulfilling the orders of the Emperor Maximilian, did not receive any remuneration. It is believed that the portrait was unsuccessful.
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Completed by a student of grade 9
Makushkin Daniel
Head I.G. Trapeznikova
Trubachevo 2009
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Albrecht Durer
Albrecht Dürer (German: Albrecht Dürer, 1471-1528) - German painter and graphic artist, one of the greatest masters of Western European art.
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The beginning of the creative path
Albrecht Durer Sr. did not want his son to paint. But one day the doors of my father's closet were open: my father forgot to lock them. And now happiness! Engravings by the famous master Schopenhauer! Not often did Albrecht admire them. Going through the engravings, I came across a sheet of paper with a portrait of my father on it. Trust the adults after that! He draws himself, but forbids him. That this was his father's work, Albrecht had no doubt.
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Self-portrait creation
One should not worry: the hand of the engraver must be firm - this is the first rule that his father constantly instills in him. But how can you be calm when you understand that the creator has endowed you with the ability to forever save on paper what your eyes see.
What is beautiful? Well, for example, there is a beautiful thing that is good for people, beautiful is something that pleases the eye. But still - what is it?
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Until the age of 15, he studied his craft with his father, and from that time he became an apprentice to the artist of the Frankish school M. Wolgemut, with whom he studied until 1490, after which he began to travel. On this first trip, Dürer reached, among other things, Venice, which is confirmed by his drawings during this time, bearing clear traces of the influence of Italian masters on him.
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He opened his own workshop in Nuremberg and, using partly the help of his students, performed here a significant number of altar images, such as: "Lamentation of Christ", "Crucifixion", "Altar of All Saints". At the same time, he painted portraits: his own (1498), Tuhern (1499).
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The painting "Altar of All Saints"
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After a second trip to Italy in Vienna, Dürer collected his engravings in one edition and, by experimenting with new engraving techniques, made a radical revolution in this branch of art.
Of the famous portraits of Dürer, we will name: Emperor Maximilian (1519, in Vienna), M. Wolgemuth (1516, in Munich), Hans Imhof (1523, in Madrid), Kleberger, Muffel.
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Portrait of Emperor Maximilian
Durer, fulfilling the orders of the Emperor Maximilian, did not receive any remuneration. It is believed that the portrait was unsuccessful.
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In his treatises on painting, Durer tries to reduce drawing to well-known mathematical principles. Dürer's significance is not limited, however, to the artistic field.
His humane, strictly moral personality, his childish naivety, the high nobility of his ideals, not only reflected in everything he created, but also confirmed by the testimony of his famous friends and contemporaries, Pirkheimer, Melanchthon and Camerilla, so strongly influenced mankind in an ennobling and educating way, that Dürer can be ranked among the greatest personalities who contributed to progress and carried cultural ideals in themselves.
View all slides
"Art of the Northern Renaissance" - Town Hall in Antwerp. 1561-1564 Bosch embodied the world of demonic forces seeking to destroy man. "Blind". Founder of the Northern Renaissance. He created famous engravings: "Apocalypse", Knight, Death and the Devil ". Today we live, and tomorrow - who will predict? Friends, let's cheat death and drink to love!
Renaissance Art in Italy - Filippo Brunelleschi. The old and the new were in an indissoluble connection and confrontation. What did the humanists take as the basis of their principles? The main features of the art and culture of the Renaissance. Renaissance - "Renaissance") was Italy. La Gioconda. Madonna and Child. Filippo Lippi. Heavy weight and form stability.
"Renaissance lesson" - What are the features of the Renaissance culture? Page of an old book. Christmas. "The whole world is a theater, and people are actors in it." Albrecht Durer. Utopia is a non-existent place. "Peasant Painter" Pieter Bruegel the Elder Peasant Dance. Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519. Features of the culture of the Renaissance. A look full of curiosity shines.
"Painting of the Renaissance" - Early Renaissance. Northern Renaissance. The beginning of the Protorenaissance. trecento - 1300s. From ital. cinquecento (five hundred). Prepared by: Maria Mikhailova Anastasia Laskova. Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Blind, 1568, National Museum and Capodimonte Gallery. From ital. ducento (two hundred). High Renaissance... From ital. quattrocento (four hundred).
Brunelleschi - Linear Perspective. Gothic. Won the Brunelleschi competition. In 1434, all work was completed. Dome design. Filippo Brunelleschi is an innovator in architecture and linear perspective. Experiment # 2. Inside, the system consists of a double dome, and the outer one has a raised vault. It is noteworthy that Brunelleschi carved out the sky.
"Art of the High Renaissance" - Self-portrait. What are the similarities and differences in the works of the artists of the Italian and Northern Renaissance? Targets: Rafael Santi. Erasmus of Rotterdam. Rembrandt. The most famous was the Sistine Madonna. High Renaissance. High Renaissance in art Grade 7 New History. Mona Lisa (La Gioconda). Engravings.
There are 30 presentations in total
Durer was born on May 21, 1471 in Nuremberg, the son of a jeweler who came to this German city from Hungary in the middle of the 15th century. The family had 8 children, of which the future artist was the third child and the second son. Father, Alberecht Durer - Sr., was a goldsmith, his Hungarian surname Aitoshi, he literally translated into German as Türer; she subsequently began recording as Dürer. Barbara Durer. Albrecht Durer Sr.
At first, the father tried to captivate his son with jewelry, but discovered his son's talent as an artist. At the age of 15, Albrecht was sent to study at the studio of the leading Nuremberg artist of the time, Michael Wolgemuth. There Dürer mastered not only painting, but also engraving on wood and copper. His studies in 1490, according to tradition, ended with a journey for four years, the young man traveled to a number of cities in Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands, continuing to improve in fine arts and material handling.
In 1494, Dürer returned to Nuremberg, soon after which he married. Then in the same year he took a trip to Italy, where he got acquainted with the work of Mantegna, Polaiolo, Lorenzo di Credi and other masters. In 1495, Dürer returned to hometown and over the next ten years creates a significant part of his engravings, which have now become famous. Agnes Durer. Pen drawing. 1494
In 1520, the artist took a trip to the Netherlands, where he became a victim of an unknown disease, which then tormented him until the end of his life. IN last years life Albrecht Durer pays much attention to the improvement of defensive fortifications, which was caused by the development of firearms. In his work "Guide to the fortification of cities, castles and gorges", published in 1527, Durer describes, in particular, a fundamentally new type of fortifications, which he called the bastea.
About creativity Dürer compiled the first in Europe so-called magic square, depicted in his engraving "Melancholy". Dürer's merit lies in the fact that he was able to inscribe numbers from 1 to 16 in the drawn square so that the sum of 34 was obtained not only when adding numbers vertically, horizontally and diagonally, but also in all four quarters, in the central quadrilateral and even when adding four corner cells. Dürer also managed to conclude in the table the year of the creation of the engraving "Melancholy" (1514).
Dürer's Magic Square remains a complex enigma. If we consider the middle squares of the first vertical, it is striking that the numbers have been changed in them: 6 is corrected to 5, and 9 is obtained from 5. Undoubtedly, Dürer did not accidentally enrich his “magic square” with such details that cannot be overlooked.
Star and geographical maps of Dürer In 1515, Dürer made three famous woodcuts, depicting maps of the southern and northern hemispheres of the starry sky and the eastern hemisphere of the Earth. These works of art are at the same time the most valuable monuments of science. The engraving work was carried out in collaboration with prominent German scientists Johann Stabij (initiator of the project) and Konrad Heinfogel.
In the geographic map of Stabia - Heinfogel - Durer, to convey the sphericity of the Earth, a perspective projection was applied from a point of view located outside the globe at a distance of three times the diameter, from which points on the earth's surface are projected onto the plane of the drawing. Dürer was already interested in the development of design methods as an artist. The map is, moreover, an undoubted example of the art of engraving. Along the edges of the map are masterful images of several winds blowing on Earth. Dürer's geographical map, also made in collaboration with I. Stabius and K. Heinfogel, depicts the "Old World" Europe, Asia and Africa, that is, the same areas that were mapped by Ptolemy. Dürer himself also took part in the long-term preparation of the publication of Ptolemy's Geography in Latin, which was conducted by W. Pirkheimer. Despite its traditional features, the map contains many new features reflecting the level of development of geographical knowledge during the Renaissance.
Durer was the first german artist, who began to work simultaneously in both types of woodcut and copper. He achieved extraordinary expressiveness in woodcut, reforming the traditional manner of work and using the methods of work that had developed in metal engraving. In years. Dürer created three graphic sheets that went down in the history of art under the title "Workshops of engravings": "The Knight, Death and the Devil", "Saint Jerome in the Cell" and "Melancholy".
About 970 drawings by Durer have survived: landscapes, portraits, sketches of people, animals and plants. Dürer tirelessly practiced arrangement, generalization of particulars, construction of space. Dürer's graphic heritage is distinguished by high skill of execution, observation, and loyalty to nature. He used his studies in engravings and paintings, and repeatedly repeated the motives of graphic works in major works. Hare, 1502
