KSU "Complex Belousovskaya Elementary School - Kindergarten"
Research work
Topic: The influence of plasticine modeling on the development of creative abilities of younger schoolchildren.
Head: Antonova Maria Alekseevna
Belousovka village, 2014
Introduction
V.A. Sukhomlinsky wrote that “the origins of children’s abilities and talents are at their fingertips. The more confidence in the movements of a child’s hand, the more subtle the interaction between the hand and the tool, the more complex the movements, the brighter the creative element of the child’s mind. And the more skill in a child’s hand, the smarter the child...”
When entering school, children with difficulties in fine motor skills and insufficient development of hand-eye coordination skills experience difficulties with writing: their hand quickly gets tired, the working line is lost, and letters cannot be written correctly. All this negatively affects children’s assimilation of the school curriculum and necessitates the organization of additional classes, the purpose of which is to prepare the child’s hand for systematic writing and to develop elementary specific graphic writing skills.
If we take into account that in the first four years of school, children’s small arm muscles are finally formed, speech is intensively developed, and mental processes such as attention, memory, and thinking develop. Moreover, a child, when he comes to school, knows only a visual-figurative, and for some, an objective-active way of thinking; by the fourth grade he should be able to think abstractly. When you start school, the load on the left hemisphere increases sharply (mathematics, reading, writing with your right hand). A strong imbalance of the hemispheres begins. Children need help to develop both hands. If in other manual labor lessons the dominant hand most often does the main work, then during modeling both hands develop equally. It is modeling lessons that have unique opportunities for the development of all the mental properties of a child’s personality, for the development of fine motor skills of the hands.
Modeling is the most tangible form of artistic creativity.
The child not only sees what he created, but also touches it, picks it up and changes it as necessary. The main tool in sculpting is the hand (or rather, both hands), therefore, the level of skill depends on using your own hands, and not a brush, pencil or scissors.
Sculpting is the process of creating an image from a soft plastic material. It includes the processes of softening, compaction, stretching, flattening, smoothing and others.
Modeling classes have a comprehensive effect on a child’s development: they increase sensory sensitivity, that is, they promote a subtle perception of shape, texture, color, weight, plasticity, develop imagination, spatial thinking, general manual skill, fine motor skills; synchronize the work of both hands; form the ability to plan work to implement a plan, anticipate the result and achieve it; if necessary, make adjustments to the original plan.
This work is another attempt to solve the noted problem. Thus, the relevance of this study is obvious.
The purpose of the study is to study the history of sculpting; familiarize yourself with modeling materials; learn the techniques and techniques of modeling from plasticine.
The object of study of this work is the student’s activities during labor training lessons and during extracurricular hours.
Subject of research: modeling technique.
Analysis of the solution to the problem allowed us to formulate a hypothesis: consistent and systematic modeling from plasticine really influences the development of students’ creative abilities, which has a beneficial effect on the process of learning activities.
In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were identified:
analyze the available theoretical and methodological literature;
show techniques and techniques for modeling from plasticine;
carry out experimental work on plasticine modeling;
prove the influence of modeling from plasticine on the development of creative abilities of primary schoolchildren.
The following methods were used in the research: study and analysis of methodological literature, observation, description, experiment, generalization, search method.
The history of modeling
1.1.Modeling: history, types.
Modeling is the creation of various sculptures from all kinds of plastic materials suitable for this purpose. For modeling, people at different times used clay, wax, salt dough, and plasticine. Today they sculpt mainly from clay or plasticine, but the simple word “sculpting” is quite acceptable to describe the complex process of creating sculptures and decorative elements from marble, plaster, and bronze.
History of clay modeling
Modeling is perhaps one of the most ancient forms of art, because people have been sculpting since time immemorial. In ancient times, at the dawn of civilization, people noticed that clay became pliable and soft if it was wet, and this began the long history of the art of modeling. But there is a version that a person first thought of starting to sculpt when he noticed the mark his foot left in the wet ground. The earth dried up, but a clear footprint remained in it! After this, people began to wet the clay; at first they covered wicker baskets with it, making them durable and waterproof. They began to sculpt dishes and figurines.
People also learned to fire pottery and figurines quite by accident, centuries after they began to sculpt from clay. The wet clay pot was simply placed near an open fire to dry. When the pot cooled down, people noticed that it had become stronger and harder, and they could now safely store any liquids in it. Thanks to such a happy accident, people began to actively use clay in everyday life.dishes After the pottery wheel was invented, the dishes became more beautiful, neat, and elegant.
Currently, modeling from all kinds of clay is a folk craft, an art form and a hobby for millions of adults and children around the world. This is also an extremely healthy activity - sculpting calms you down, teaches you to concentrate, focus, and create.
Dough modeling is an equally ancient art.
Modeling from dough is an art no less ancient, but still less widespread than modeling from clay. Of course, in ancient times people made cakes from flour and water to eat. They were burned on fire or hot stones, and thus bread was obtained.
However, ancient people also sculpted dough! Perhaps the first who thought of doing this were the ancient Incas. They sculpted figures of people and animals from a mixture of water and coarse flour, which were then burned and sacrificed to the almighty gods. There is information that the ancient Scythians (our ancestors) also sculpted figures from dough.
In Europe and Asia, figured bread was made by hand, without the use of auxiliary materials. At the beginning of the seventeenth century in China, puppets were made from dough, children played with them, and with their help they staged original puppet theaters. Tribes in the Himalayas in the Middle Ages made figures of animals and people from water and barley flour, and they were also sacrificed to the gods.
The Slavs diligently sculpted a variety of ritual toys from dough. We all know about the larks that children sculpted to welcome spring. At Christmas, family and friends were given bagels and goats made from sweet dough; such a gift was a sign of respect and love. And just toys for children have been made from such a unique material as salt dough for many hundreds of years.
In modern Greece and Spain, bread wreaths are made from salt dough; they are symbols of the harvest. In Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Poland, paintings made from salt dough painted in different colors are very popular.
Nowadays, both children and adults enjoy sculpting from salt dough; paintings, decorations, dolls, figurines, dishes, Christmas tree decorations and much more are made from it.
Plaster modeling
Speaking about modeling, one cannot fail to mention such a significant material as gypsum. Products made from it have been used for many hundreds of years to decorate interiors. The first such decor from plaster appeared in Ancient Egypt; even the pharaohs lived in palaces decorated with gypsum stucco. This happened in the fifth and second centuries BC. Plasters, columns, and door portals were then made from gypsum. In the hundredth year BC, gypsum began to be used in Ancient Greece, where stucco molding was more elegant and complex. At the same time, caissons, an order system of columns, and plaster sculptures appeared.
Nowadays, plaster sculpture and plaster decoration are no less popular than in ancient times. Today, technology makes it possible to make products in any desired style, from baroque to hi-tech. The most important thing in this art is to adhere to technology and not go beyond the chosen style.
History of modeling from plasticine
Plasticine is a modeling material consisting of purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of wax, animal fats and other substances that prevent it from drying out. The very name “plasticine” comes from the Italian plastilina and the ancient Greek word plastos, meaning “molded”. Plasticine is one of the first materials for children's creativity, and also the easiest way to organize a child's leisure time.
Plasticine was invented not so long ago; it happened in the century before last in England. In 1897, teacher William Harbutt set out to come up with a modeling material for his students that could be used many times, and from which it would be easy and enjoyable to sculpt. Mr. Harbutt's plasticine, the result of chemical experiments, was gray and boring in appearance, but quickly gained popularity. They began to make it en masse, in factories, and colored it using coloring pigments.
Plasticine has many advantages - it almost does not smudge the skin of your hands, it can be soft and almost frozen, depending on the air temperature, it can be used many times, it does not deteriorate and does not lose its softness.
What should good plasticine be like? Good plasticine should not stick to your hands, crumble or crack, at the same time it kneads easily and holds its shape well. In addition to ordinary plasticine, nowadays you can find all kinds of plasticine on store shelves: ball plasticine; air-hardening plasticine; glowing plasticine; sculpture plasticine; plant-based plasticine for one-year-old babies, etc.
Modeling tools
Good tools and devices needed to carry out the creative process bring joy and pleasure from the sculpting itself and allow you to meticulously work out the details of a certain figure.
An important tool for sculpting iswork board, which serves not only to protect the table surface from plasticine, but also to form basic shapes. The original plasticine blanks, rolled out on a good working board, have a smooth and even surface, which is very difficult to achieve only with your hands. There are special plastic boards for sale for modeling, but they are more suitable for labor lessons at school. The wooden board can be round or rectangular. The optimal size for it is a square with sides of 25–30 cm and a board thickness of 2–3 cm. To prevent the board from slipping on the table surface, you can glue pieces of soft fabric to its back side.
One of the main tools for sculpting isstack, which should be light, small, and most importantly – safe. There are whole sets of stacks of various shapes on sale that allow you to work out the details of plasticine crafts. Almost every box of plasticine contains at least one stack of plastic that can be used to cut bars of material into pieces. You can also use a regular disposable plastic knife, which has a blade with fine teeth or, conversely, a smooth one, and its reverse edge is straight. It can be used as a ruler and for working out certain shapes and proportions.
Stacks are made of plastic or wood. A plastic stack is very convenient for removing plasticine stuck to the surface without fear of scratching the surface of the table or floor.
Types of stack .
In some cases, a stack will not be suitable for cutting a plasticine block, as it may require a thin and precise cut or delamination. In this case, usecutter, which you can purchase at a craft store or make yourself. With this cutter it is easy to form thin blanks for any craft.
Homemade cutter.
Small details on plasticine blanks, thin veins on leaves, eyes, patterned lines, etc. are inconvenient to do in stacks, but it is better to use a sharpened pencil or toothpick for this.
Plastic rolling pin - a wonderful tool that is very convenient for rolling out plasticine into thin plates. Such rolling pins can be included with plasticine or sold separately. The most important thing is that the plasticine does not stick to its surface when working.
Often a rolling pin comes with a set of plastic or metalmolds. They can be made in the form of figures of various animals, as well as leaves, fruits, vegetables, etc. Ready-made molds are an excellent option for those who like to create pictures from plasticine. In addition, the molds will help you make figures from hardening plasticine, which can then be used to decorate any surfaces.
To roll out even and long plasticine flagella or rollers, a wooden or plastic one is useful.tablet. And in order to get long and even flagella, you can use a disposable syringe without a needle.
To store plasticine you should useplastic containers or mayonnaise buckets. The plasticine in them will be protected from dust and debris. These containers are also convenient for storing small crafts.
To obtain a relief surface you can useplastic comb, which is convenient for applying, for example, waves on a plasticine picture or drawing a tree trunk.
For an exhibition of children's works you will needcardboard, which should be rigid enough so as not to bend under the weight of the craft or the whole composition.
A cardboard stand will also protect the surface of the shelf from stains. Packaging boxes, which can be immediately cut into individual pieces, are perfect for this purpose. For small projects, such as a human figurine, you can use a tin canning lid. Plasticine sticks to it easily, and the lid itself is quite stable on the surface of a table or shelf.
An important subject israg, which, after work, wipes working tools and hands from plasticine. It should be made of soft cotton fabric that easily absorbs plasticine.
When working with plasticine, you should protect the child’s clothes from stains and pieces of material, so you should work in a special work coat.
1.3. Rules of conduct and precautions
When working with it, you should make sure that it does not fall on the floor, but it is best to cover the floor around the master with old newspapers, which you can then simply throw away and save yourself from the need to clean stuck plasticine from the carpet and floor.
You should not put plasticine in your mouth, and while sculpting you should not touch your face, eyes or clothes with your hands. After working with plasticine, you should thoroughly wash your hands with soap and dry them with a dry towel. Do not touch notebooks, books and other accessories with hands dirty from plasticine, as greasy stains will remain on the objects.
You should not sculpt from dirty plasticine, but clean plasticine can be used several times, even if it has become an incomprehensible color.
A craft that didn’t work out shouldn’t be crushed into one lump; you need to carefully sort it by color, since pure colors can always be useful for another product.
After modeling, you should always clean your work area. The work board should be cleared of plasticine in a stack, and plasticine should be collected from the floor and, if possible, sorted by color or put into a separate container in which clean remnants of multi-colored plasticine are stored.
Place finished or unfinished crafts in a crafts box.
Wipe the stacks with a clean cloth and put them in a box or bag.
Basic techniques and modeling techniques
2.1 Basic techniques for modeling with plasticine
Before you start modeling from plasticine, you should learn its basic techniques, such as rolling, rolling, flattening, pinching, pulling and smoothing, etc. Mastering them will help you create the necessary shapes and give the figures the appropriate position.
Rolling up. Place a piece of plasticine between your palms, press lightly and perform circular movements to form a ball. The ball must be turned periodically to make it round.
Rolling out. Allows you to turn a plasticine ball into an egg or cylinder. Roll the ball and use straight-line hand movements to transform it into a cylinder. You can get an egg if you place your hands at an angle relative to each other and roll them out.
Flattening. To get a flat cake or disk, first roll it into a ball, then squeeze it tightly between your palms, or press it against the table with your palm.
Topping. Gives a certain texture to the surface of the product, which is necessary when making small parts on a large model. To do this, grab a little plasticine with your fingers connected and release it, giving it the desired shape.
Pulling back. It is similar to the previous technique, but after gripping the plasticine, it is pulled back and a new element or part is formed.
Smoothing. Used to create a smooth transition from one part to another when connecting and for rounding. Performed with fingers or a stack. At the same time, you can remove excess plasticine.
Cutting. Dividing a bar with a stack or cutter into separate pieces.
Compound. Applying and lightly pressing parts together. In this case, it is necessary to balance the force and prevent deformation of the parts.
2. 2Technique of modeling from plasticine
A piece of plasticine, separated from the block, once in the hands of a master, begins to come to life, and now it can be given any shape. First, the plasticine should be kneaded well in your hands to such a state that it is easy to roll it into the simplest shape - a ball, cone or cylinder.
Ball , perhaps the basic form from which all others are easily derived. Despite the fact that this is the simplest form, it will not be possible for everyone to roll a perfectly even ball right away.
It is better to roll a ball of large diameter (about 3–3.5 cm) on the surface (working board) with circular movements of the palm, but you should press on the lump of plasticine so that you constantly feel the thickness of the material under your hand. The plasticine should be rolled evenly on the board, touching each point, and pressing the more convex and thicker places with the palm of your hand in order to level the lump in all directions. Giving a lump of plasticine the ideal shape of a ball is also helped by the eyes, which know its shape well and will always notice irregularities and errors.
After the ball is rolled on the board, it should be rolled in your palms so that it becomes completely smooth. Each time you roll a lump of plasticine in your hands, you get a completely different ball compared to the previous one. Sometimes the balls turn out to look like an egg or a pebble from the sea coast, but over time you can achieve the ideal shape; The main thing is to constantly train your hands, and then the balls will turn out to be of ideal shape.
Carrying out the ball
Cylinder.
The ball is the main of all the original shapes; now it can be turned into a cylinder, for which you need to roll the ball between your palms in a back and forth direction. Such a cylinder will rather look like a “sausage” and is suitable for crafts that do not require a perfectly shaped cylinder.
Making a cylinder with your hands.
In order to get a cylinder with a fairly even and smooth surface, you can use a board, rolling a piece of plasticine between two surfaces, also in a back and forth direction.
Making a cylinder using a plank.
It is convenient to roll out the cylinder on the board with straight fingers, pressing on its middle and rolling the plasticine ball back and forth. Gradually, under the pressure of your hands, the ball will turn into a cylinder. By rolling out the cylinder on a board with your hands, you can get a fairly smooth and even surface. When rolling a ball into a cylinder, its length increases and its diameter decreases, and in order for the cylinder to be even, you need to press evenly on the plasticine along its entire length. Fingers should change their position and pressure in a timely manner in order to achieve the ideal shape.
Rolling continues until a cylinder of the desired size is created.
Making a cylinder with your hands on a plank.
Cone. The basic cone shape is also obtained from a ball. Why put it on the board and roll one half of the ball along the board with your fingers in a back and forth direction.
Making a cone.
One part of the ball will retain its original shape, while the second will stretch and become longer and thinner. Thus, the working board will form the side surface of the cone. When rolling the ball into a cone, you should not press hard and evenly on the plasticine. The resulting cone initially has a spherical base on which it cannot stand, but such a cone can be used as a tree crown. And in order for the base to become flat and stable on the surface, you need to take the cone by the top with your fingers, place the convex base on the surface, lightly press and rotate around its axis.
Plate or cake.
It seems that there is nothing easier than rolling plasticine into a cake, but for this you also need to make an effort and gain some experience. The plate in most cases should be fairly flat, even, smooth and of uniform thickness. It is very convenient to roll out a plate from plasticine using a special rolling pin, but if you don’t have one, you can use any cylindrical plastic object. In this case, you get a fairly even and smooth plate, from which it is easy to cut out the necessary parts using a stack or molds.
A plate or cake can be made by hand, for which you should initially roll a ball of the desired size, and then flatten it with your hands - your thumb and forefinger. In this case, the plasticine should be pulled evenly in all directions in order to obtain a neat plate of equal thickness. And in order for the surface of the plate to become more even, it needs to be placed on a work board and pressed down on top with a plank.
Making the plate: a – with a rolling pin, b – with your hands, c – with a plank.
Harnesses and flagella. Bundles and flagella are obtained from the original form - cylinders, for which they are rolled out to the required thickness and length.
An example of a craft made from ropes.
When rolling out a long rope of medium thickness, use a board or the entire palm, trying to apply even pressure on the material in order to obtain an even piece.
Small thin flagella are rolled out with your fingertips; and the harder you press on the plasticine, the thinner the flagellum will be. Bundles and flagella are often used in a variety of plasticine crafts; they make excellent contour drawings and patterns on various surfaces.
Strip.
Strips of different thicknesses, lengths and widths can be easily obtained from rolled strands, for which you simply need to flatten them with your hands, roll them with a rolling pin or press them down with a board.
To make it easier to soften a large piece, it should be cut into several smaller ones and heated each separately, and then combined into a single lump.
Uneven edges of the strip can always be corrected with a stack. Smooth and neat strips can be obtained by cutting the plate in a stack.
2.3 Methods of modeling with plasticine
stretch modeling;
modeling of three-dimensional forms from individual parts;
modular modeling (using rollers, balls, braids, multi-layer disks, cutting...);
design of household items;
miniature;
molded decorations (painting them with paints);
plasticine applique (including reverse);
mosaic of small balls;
laying out with flagella (stained glass technique);
drawing with plasticine strokes (plasticineography);
painted plasticine (cutting puff plasticine);
creating a textured surface;
prints with various objects on a plasticine base; trimming on plasticine;
reliefs (decorative plates): bas-relief, high relief, sgraffito counter-relief (multi-layer scratching);
rolling out a plasticine sheet, chipping;
drawing from plasticine tape;
mixing colors (color science).
Each of these techniques is a small game. Their use allows children to feel more relaxed, bolder, more spontaneous, develops imagination, and gives complete freedom for self-expression.
Visual activities using non-traditional materials and techniques contribute to the child’s development of:
fine motor skills and tactile perception;
spatial orientation, eye and visual perception;
attention and perseverance;
visual skills and abilities, observation, aesthetic perception, emotional responsiveness.
control and self-control skills.
The forms of organizing children in classes are varied: individually, in pairs, when two people agree and plan a joint activity (tea set from Kinder surprises), in groups, in a conveyor belt (for large group work, various preparations were made in advance).
Using non-traditional techniques and an integrated approach to teaching, diagnostics (“Criteria for assessing children’s mastery of visual activities and the development of their creativity”), carried out at the end of the year, always show a high level of children’s mastery of visual activities, and the result is unusual, original exhibitions and creativity of children .
Unconventional is always quality, surprise, insight, progress.
Experimental work
3.1 Types of work.
In the process of sculpting.
I really like to sculpt from plasticine, so at home in my free time I do sculpting. I would like to provide my works for viewing, and tell you what my abilities were influenced by modeling from plasticine.
Characters from your favorite cartoons.
In the family.
Happy Farm.
Parrots in the zoo.
My favorite toy is “Cheerful Dog”.
When bending forward and backward it makes sounds: barks.
World of nature.
Insects.
Animals.
Bird.
On my way.
Present.
Conclusion
As mentioned earlier, of all types of children's creativity, either drawing or modeling from plasticine can most stimulate the development of creative abilities in children. And in some ways, modeling has an even better effect on a child than drawing - during it, the right hemisphere of the brain develops, which is responsible for creative thinking, fine motor skills and spatial imagination. The purpose of my work was to prove by example that systematic and consistent modeling from plasticine is of no small importance for the development of the creative abilities of younger schoolchildren.
In the process of this work, methodological and theoretical literature was analyzed and developed. I studied various sculpting techniques and methods.
The tasks posed at the beginning of the research work have been solved. By performing them, we were able to confirm the correctness of the hypothesis we formulated: consistent and systematic modeling from plasticine really influences the development of creative abilities, which has a positive effect on the process of educational activity.
The results of the research work were confirmed, since I have been modeling from plasticine for a long time, this has a beneficial effect on the learning process.
For development from a psychological point of view
develops spatial, creative thinking; contributes to the formation of mental operations of analysis and synthesis.
increases sensory sensitivity, develops fine motor skills and general manual skill; synchronizes the work of both hands;
For aesthetic development:
Teaches you to see, feel, evaluate and create according to the laws of beauty.
To develop artistic abilities:
promotes a creative attitude towards the world; forms a figurative vision
forms the ability to see and convey the spatial relationships of parts of the subject of the image, elements of the composition
forms the ability to plan work to implement a plan, anticipate the result, achieve and analyze it;
forms a sense of proportions and a sense of plasticity,
For self-expression:
modeling provides an amazing opportunity to model the world and your idea of it in spatially plastic images;
This is the most direct type of activity, because the level of skill depends on using your own hands, and not with a brush, pencil or scissors;
in modeling, creative tendencies and abilities are realized even with a minimum of materials (from one lump of plasticine you can create an infinite number of images)
allows you to combine activity and play
To solve educational problems:
careful attitude towards one’s own and other people’s work, and for parents - towards the work of their child
ability to work, because sculpting requires long, painstaking work, will and determination.
Modeling helps the development and formation of visual perceptions, imagination, memory, spatial concepts, feelings and other processes. Such personality traits as perseverance, focus, accuracy, hard work, and perseverance are formed.
This activity develops fine motor skills of the fingers, their muscles, and coordination of movements, which is very important for performing a variety of everyday and educational activities. It has a beneficial effect on the development of speech (since the projection of the hand is in close proximity to the speech zone in the brain), distracts from sad events, relieves nervous tension, fear, and provides a positive emotional state.
Modeling helps me a lot in the learning process. I study well, have a wonderful memory, write beautifully and accurately in my diary and notebooks, speech and other mental processes are developed.
Bibliography
1. Raschupkina S.Yu. “Modeling from plasticine”, 2010. -219 p.
2. Tsirulik N.A., Prosnyakova T.N. “Lessons in Creativity” - Samara: Fedorov Corporation, Publishing House “Educational Literature”, 2004.
3. “Plastic arts: a brief terminological dictionary.” - M., 1995.
4. Komarova T. S. “Children’s artistic creativity.” - M., 2005.
5. Oralbekova T. Sh. “Methodological manual”. - Al. 1998.
6. Sukhomlinsky V. A “Pedagogy”
7.Lykova I.A.. We sculpt, we fantasize, we play. – M.: TC Sfera, 2001. – 112 p. (Series “Together with children.”)
8. Vygotsky L.S. Psychology of art. – M., 1965. P. 318.
9. Davydova G.N. Plasticineography. - M., 2006.
10. Konysheva N.M. Modeling in primary school. M.: Education, 1980.
Nina Vlasova
Children's research work "Plasticine story"
Plasticine story
Introduction.
Every person has a favorite activity to which he devotes his free time, and even his life. I really like to sculpt, but I'm not good at it. Once in the program “Good Night Kids” they showed the cartoon “Plasticine Crow”, which I really liked. I was interested to know who invented plasticine and where it came from, what interesting crafts can be made from it?
Object of study: plasticine.
Hypothesis: There are many types of plasticine, you can create absolutely anything from it: your own colorful world, full of adventures and unusual creatures.
The purpose of this work was to study different types of plasticine and prepare plasticine at home.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified:
1. Familiarize yourself with the history of plasticine.
2. Consider the types of plasticine.
3. Note the features of plasticine.
4. Prepare a new type of “mother’s plasticine” at home.
Plasticine story
1.1 The history of the appearance of plasticine.
The name "plasticine" means "molded" means to mold.
Plasticine has become known to the world since the 19th century; it first appeared in Germany and there is another version that later appeared in the UK.
The creator of this material was Joe McVicker. Plasticine was originally gray in color and was used for window smears and cleaning wallpaper from stains. When Joe sent a sample of the mixture to his sister, who worked in a kindergarten, she began to use the mixture for modeling instead of clay. The children really liked this mixture because it didn’t get their hands dirty.
1.2 What is plasticine made from?
“Plasticine” is a plastic material consisting of clay and wax with the addition of animal fats, petroleum jelly and other substances that prevent drying and hardening. In addition to all this, modern plasticine also contains dyes and fine purified clay powder.
1.3 Features of plasticine:
Plasticine is a popular material for free creativity. Both children and adults;
Thanks to its plasticity, you can sculpt anything from it: from cute little animals to an entire city.
If in order to correct a painted picture, you need to take an eraser or a new sheet of paper and draw again. With plasticine, things are simpler. The “failed” part can be sculpted again, and there is no need to correct the remaining parts of the creation.
It is one of the safest materials for children's creativity. You don't need sharp scissors for sculpting. Which can cut you.
Working with plasticine teaches attentiveness and accuracy, and contributes to the development of children's imagination.
1.4 Rules for safe work with plasticine.
Do not put plasticine in your mouth
Do not rub your eyes while sculpting with dirty hands.
Be sure to wash your hands after working with plasticine.
2. Research methods.
As part of the ongoing project, we conducted a shopping excursion, prepared homemade plasticine, and displayed new works with plasticine.
2.1 Tour of the city's shops.
On the day off, my mother and I visited stores in the city where they sell different types of plasticine. On the shelves of the Tumbler, Vityaz and bookstores Diplomat and Secretary you can find plasticine of the most unusual shades and types and pastes for modeling. We looked at the types of plasticine on store shelves. These are such types as: wax in different shades, ball, two types Art. plasticine (soft for paintings and hard for crafts, mass for modeling.
2.2 Information from the Internet
We learned from the Internet that there are other types of plasticine:
Smart plasticine feels like chewing gum;
Edible plasticine;
Floating plasticine, where you can go on a real swim;
Jumping plasticine, where crafts made from it jump like real ones.
2.3 Making homemade “Mom’s plasticine”
My mother and I decided that we should make homemade plasticine.
To make homemade plasticine we needed the following ingredients:
*hot water - 2 glasses;
*vegetable oil - 2 tablespoons;
* flour - 2 cups;
* salt -1- glass;
* citric acid -1 tablespoon;
*food colors of different colors.
2.4 Creative making from “Mom’s plasticine.
At my house I have crafts made from my mother’s plasticine, which I made myself. These are dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago, and robots of the future, i.e. I can visit the distant past and create something still unknown, unknown. My magical amazing plasticine helps me with this!
I need patience and perseverance, but the results make me happy!
Conclusions
I got acquainted with: the history of the creation of plasticine with a variety of types of plasticine. As a result of the work carried out, we can conclude: all types of plasticine are suitable for children's creativity.
My research has shown that you can make plasticine yourself, from natural ingredients: flour, butter, salt.
I found out: That “Mom’s plasticine” is better to use, as it mixes well, has a wide range of colors, sticks well, holds its shape and does not stain your hands.
What is plasticine?
He is our number one friend!
Strengthens our hands
And it doesn’t allow you to be bored,
What is plasticine?
This is a material for modeling,
It is soft and colorful.
What is plasticine?
This is a means for fantasy,
We are interested in playing with him!
Bibliography:
Morozova O. A. Magic plasticine: Workbook on artistic work. M.: “Mosaic – Synthesis”, 1998.- p. 18
Chernyaeva A. There is no plasticine better than mother’s!//Preschool education. -2013-No.5.-s. 63.
Hello, my name is Mozhaev Timofey Nikolaevich, I am 6 years old, I am a student of kindergarten No. 14 “Firefly”.
My research work is called "Plasticine History"
Every person has a favorite activity and I have one too. I really like to sculpt, but I'm not good at it. After watching the cartoon “Plasticine Crow,” I became interested in finding out who invented plasticine.
Mom and I decided:
Learn the history of plasticine;
Consider the types of plasticine;
Prepare a new type of plasticine with your own hands.
And we ended up with a plasticine story.
The name "Plasticine" means "molded" means to mold. Plasticine has become known to the world since the 19th century; it first appeared in Germany and there is another version that later appeared in the UK.
The creator of this material was Joe McVICKER. Plasticine was originally gray in color and was used for window smears and cleaning wallpaper from stains. When Joe sent a sample of the mixture to his sister, who worked in a kindergarten, she began to use the mixture to sculpt clay in place.
The children really liked this mixture because it didn’t get their hands dirty. At first the plasticine was only gray.
I found out that “Plasticine” is a plastic material consisting of clay and wax with the addition of animal fats, petroleum jelly and other substances, which are not allowed to dry out and harden. Various dyes are also added to the composition.
It became clear to me that plasticine is a popular material for free creativity, both for children and adults.
If in order to correct the drawn drawing. You need to take an eraser and a new sheet of paper and draw again. With plasticine it’s easier to sculpt the “failed” part again without having to correct the main parts of the creation. It is also the safest material for children's creativity.
I will now follow the rules for working with plasticine:
Do not put plasticine in your mouth;
Do not rub your eyes while sculpting with dirty hands;
Be sure to wash your hands after sculpting.
I met:
On the day off, my mother and I went to the shops in the city where they sell plasticine. On the shelves of the Tumbler store. "Vityaz". "Diplomat" you can find plasticine of the most unusual colors and types.
I looked at the types of plasticine on the plasticine shelves. These are like:
Wax of different colors, which we use in the kindergarten;
Ball;
Two types Art. plasticine is soft for paintings, and hard for fakes;
Modeling mass.
I learned from the Internet that there are other types;
Smart plasticine feels like chewing gum;
Edible plasticine for the little ones;
Floating plasticine, where you can go on a real swim;
Jumping plasticine, where fakes jump like real ones.
I found out that you can prepare your own type of plasticine, as we did with my mother. For “Mom’s Plasticine” we needed:
Hot water 2 cups, vegetable oil -2 tbsp. spoons, 2 cups flour,
Salt - 1 cup, food coloring.
How we cooked: tells from photographs.
What I got: New crafts are appearing in my home
I would like to proudly note that “mom’s plasticine” is better, since it mixes well, you can create any color, sticks well, holds its shape and does not stain your hands.
During the research, I understood “What is plasticine”
What is plasticine?
He is our number one friend
Strengthens our hands
And it doesn’t allow you to be bored,
What is plasticine?
This is a material for modeling.
It is soft and colorful.
What is plasticine?
This is a means for fantasy,
We are interested in playing with him!
Thank you for your attention!
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Secondary educational school No. 5"
Plasticine story
Creative project
Completed by: 3rd grade student,
Sklyarov Dmitry
Head: Tatyana Gennadievna Demidenko,
primary school teacher
Myski 2016
Introduction 3
I . Preparatory stage
1.1. What is plasticine……………………………………………………….5
1.2 Properties of plasticine…………………………………………………….6
1.3 Application of plasticine…………………………………………… …...7
1.4. Questionnaire…………………………………………………………..8-9
II . Main stage
2. 1. Developing an idea, choosing the best………………………………………10
2.2 Stages of completing the painting “Sailor”………………………….11-12
III . The final stage ……………………………………………… 13
Bibliography ……………………………………………………... 14
Application ……………………………………………………………… 15-18
Content
I'm ready to make the whole world a house, a car, two cats. Today I am the ruler -
I have plasticine.
Introduction
For most people on our planet, plasticine crafts are associated with childhood. This versatile material is traditionally used to develop fine motor skills, and subsequently artistic skills, as well as for making original and simple things.
I like working with plasticine. It is bright, soft, elastic, and most importantly, you can create absolutely anything from it: your own colorful world, full of adventures and unusual creatures. I already know how to sculpt all kinds of figures: dolls, animals, mysterious creatures. But I would like to know more about the possibilities of plasticine.
This is how it arosedesign concept making a picture from plasticine.
Objective of the project find out the capabilities of plasticine and master different techniques for working with it, creating a picture using the plasticine painting technique.
Project work plan:
Find out the origin of plasticine.
Establish the properties of plasticine based on experiment.
Exploretechniques for working with plasticine.
Master the techniqueplasticine painting
Replenish your “piggy bank” with new crafts,make a picture using the plasticine painting technique.
Presentation and defense of the project.
The topic of my creative work will probably be relevant for many years to come. Because making beautiful and useful objects from plasticine with your own hands arouses interest and brings satisfaction with the results of your work.
In working on the project, generally accepted methods of collecting and processing information were used.
I .Preparatory stage
What is plasticine
The word "plasticine" originates from the Italian word plastilina, and from the Greek plastós, which means molded. The material for modeling, plasticine, has been known for a very long time; it was used to perform work back in the Middle Ages. Its original composition included purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of natural or mineral wax - ozokerite, lard and other substances. The history of plasticine begins with the controversial issue of authorship of the invention. There are two versions of the origin of the plasticine we now use. First version. We have Joe McVicker of Cincinnati to thank for the clay. While working in a chemical factory, he patented a non-toxic wallpaper cleaner. He sent a sample of this substance to his relative, who worked as a kindergarten teacher. During her classes, the woman replaced ordinary modeling clay with a new material that was more flexible and did not stain her hands. It is not known how he cleaned the wallpaper, but the children liked the substance, which did not stain their hands and was more flexible than clay. Soon the Cincinnati Board of Education required all schools to use it in the classroom. Commercial success came to plasticine in 1955, when large department stores drew attention to McVicker’s invention: customers literally swept jars of a whitish, pliable substance off the shelves in toy departments. Nowadays in plasticine sets you can find not only all the colors of the rainbow, but even silver and gold mass for modeling. Which became truly a goldmine for its inventor, Joe McVicker became a millionaire at the age of 27.
Main types of plasticine: (Annex 1)
ordinary children's plasticine, professional sculptural clay, art plasticine, bouncing (jumping)) , ball , hardening , "smart ».
1.2.Properties of plasticine
Plasticine is a popular material for modeling. Crafts made from plasticine have a number of advantages compared to clay products. I compared the properties of clay and plasticine:
Clay dries quickly, but plasticine does not dry and does not harden.
Clay crumbles and cracks, but plasticine does not.
Clay loses its quality during long-term storage, while plasticine has an unlimited shelf life.
Clay is a colorless material, and plasticine is colored.
Clay sticks strongly to your hands, but plasticine does not stick.
Clay - various worms and their larvae can live there, and plasticine is environmentally friendly and harmless.
Secrets of plasticine . This is plasticity; viscosity, “stickiness”; chroma. What good plasticine should be like:
easy to cut with a plastic knife;
quickly warm up in your hands and become soft;
do not crumble, but do not smudge;
don't melt;
easy to wash hands with warm water;
Have you ever wondered what plasticine is made from? But I got to thinking. At first I thought that plasticine consisted of some complex substances. However, while collecting material about plasticine, I learned its composition. It turned out to be not that complicated.
Plasticine is the same clay that people have been familiar with for several millennia. It is only technologically improved and more suitable for the manufacture of applied products. Therefore, in addition to fine purified clay powder, the composition of modern plasticine also includes dyes, wax, animal fat, ozokerite of petroleum origin and its derivative ceresin, as well as petroleum jelly and other substances that prevent the plasticine from drying out and hardening.
In addition to factory-made plasticine, there is also a homemade analogue. To make this material at home, you need to mix 200 grams of salt, 400 grams of flour and a tablespoon of pharmaceutical medical powder “alann” like gelatin in a mixer glass. Then you should pour half a liter of boiling water into it and quickly mix everything so that there are no lumps left. Next, you need to add 1 tablespoon of sunflower oil and a lot of bright food coloring to the mixture. When the mass becomes thick and the mixer can no longer mix it, you need to remove the plasticine from the glass and knead it thoroughly like dough. Such homemade modeling material should be stored in a closed bag or jar.
1.3.Use of plasticine
After I studied all the literature on the topic, I decided to conduct a survey amongstudents of the 3rd grade of MBOU "Secondary School No. 5". The total number of respondents was 22 people. The age of the respondents was children from 8 to 9 years old.
Modeling in primary school: Book. for the teacher. From work experience. – 2nd ed., revised. –M.: Education, 1985.
Technology: secrets of the masters: textbook for 4th grade in educational institutions / N. M. Konysheva. – 6th ed., revised. and additional – Smolensk: Association XXI Century, 2008.
Annex 1
Fig.1 Regular plasticineFig.2 Sculpted plasticine
Fig.3 Plasticine jumping Fig. 4 Art plasticine
Fig.5 Hardening plasticineFig.6 “Smart plasticine”
Fig.7 Ball plasticine Fig.8 Floating plasticine
Appendix 2
Fig.10 Chairs Fig.11 Armchair 
Fig. 12 Still from the cartoon Fig. 13 Screensaver of the program
Film "Plasticine Crow" "Good night, kids"
Fig. 14 “Plasticine Paradise” Fig. 15 Chevrolet car
Orlando MPV
Appendix 3
Work stage
Description of work
Tools and materials
Basis for the painting (finished blank)
Study of drawing
Cardboard
Selection of plasticine
Choose plasticine of the desired color.
Plasticine
Smear the plasticine over the drawing.
Sculpt a figurine of a sailor by applying plasticine strokes to the base using your hands.
Plasticine, stack
Making a ship
Model each piece from plasticine of the desired color. Lay out the drawing on the basis of the made parts
Plasticine
Decorate the craft
Model each piece from plasticine of the desired color. Lay out the drawing on the base of the made parts.
Plasticine, stack
Product design
Insert a picture into a frame
Frame
Appendix 4
Photo.1 “My work” Photo 2. Homemade plasticine
Photo 4.Work on the painting Photo 5. Painting “Sailor”
Photo 4.Work on the painting Photo 5 Painting “Sailor”
Modeling is one of the interesting and fascinating types of applied creativity. The deeper you comprehend the basics, the more something new opens up for you. I want to sculpt, taking an unusual approach to the selection of materials for work: shells, pebbles, fabric, fur, leather and much more are interesting to add to the dough. From this, the works acquire liveliness, originality and charm.
The controversial issue of the origin of plasticine.
First version.
In 1897, an English art school teacher, William Harbut, developed a new, familiar to all of us, plasticine, taking its original composition as a basis and adding plant-based paints to it. He then received a patent in 1899, and commercial production began at the Bathampton plant in 1900. The factory operated until a fire in 1968. Not only artists, but also William’s six children fell in love with “the clay that never dries,” as he initially called it. The original plasticine was gray (its exact formula is still a SECRET), but went on sale in four colors, and was soon released in a variety of bright colors. The name “plasticin” was invented by the whole family.
Second version.
We have Joe McVicker of Cincinnati to thank for the clay. While working in a chemical factory, he patented a non-toxic wallpaper cleaner. He sent a sample of this substance to his relative, who worked as a kindergarten teacher. During classes, the woman replaced the usual modeling clay with a new material that was more plastic and did not stain her hands. Soon the Cincinnati Board of Education required all schools to use it in the classroom.
Ball plasticine appeared quite recently. The unusualness of this material is that it consists of small balls connected by the finest adhesive threads. The colors of this plasticine mix well with each other, forming a multi-colored ball mass. Sculpting from ball plasticine is a pleasure, because it does not stick to your hands at all and is absolutely safe. Finished crafts dry within 24 hours.
There is also a very interesting plasticine that appeared quite recently, this is art plasticine or Klyuchnikov’s plasticine. Art plasticine comes in two types. Art - soft plasticine - suitable for making flat products - paintings, appliques. Art – “hard” or frame plasticine – suitable for making three-dimensional products, dolls, toys. Products made from this plasticine are rejected in everyday conditions. For example, in 15-20 minutes in hot water, an oven, under a table lamp or in a microwave oven.
Why is plasticine so popular? Why do we use plasticine and not clay or something else? What is its advantage?
Plasticine, unlike clay and wax, remains soft, practically does not harden and does not dry out. Unlike ceramics, it has a wide range of colors and does not stick to your hands. Plasticine acquires different degrees of softness depending on the temperature, which allows you to continue working with it after any period of time. It is made from purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of wax, lard and other substances that prevent drying. Painted in various colors. Serves for making sketch figures for sculptural works. Plasticine is used by children as a material for crafts. Playing with plasticine helps develop finger coordination.
For those who like to sculpt, there is a recipe for making “homemade plasticine” that will be absolutely harmless.
For this we need:
400 gr. flour, 200 gr. salt, 500 ml. boiling water, 1 tablespoon “alann” (this is a powder similar to gelatin, it is not harmful and is sold in the pharmacy) and 1 tablespoon sunflower oil.
Mix flour, salt and “alann” in one cup, pour boiling water and stir quickly, avoiding the formation of lumps. It is better to mix with a mixer. After pouring the water, add a tablespoon of oil. You need to add food coloring in large quantities to boiling water so that the color becomes beautiful and rich. When the mass becomes thick and the mixer can no longer turn, you need to knead the mass thoroughly, like dough. And the plasticine is ready!
Homemade plasticine can be dried in air or in the microwave, varnished and even tasted (salty!). Homemade plasticine, wrapped in a bag, can be stored in the refrigerator for about a month. Finally, such plasticine should not wash out, stick and stain tables, floors, walls, clothes and hands!
Here's what you can make from plasticine:
BEAR IN THE LEN
V U L K A N
To make a volcano, which is completely safe and yet very effective, you will need a plate, plasticine, baking soda, acetic acid (vinegar), dye (you can take fucorcin from a home medicine cabinet or red food coloring, or beet juice), any dishwashing liquid .
We divide the plasticine into two parts and roll one of them into a flat “pancake” - the base of the volcano, and from the second we mold a hollow cone with a hole at the top (the slopes of the volcano). Having pinched both parts at the edges, you need to pour water inside and make sure that the “volcano” does not let it through from below. The volume of the internal cavity of the “volcano” should not be very large (100-200 ml is best, this is the capacity of a glass). The volcano on a plate is placed on a tray.
To “charge” the volcano with “lava”, prepare a mixture of dishwashing liquid (1 tablespoon), dry baking soda (1 tablespoon) and dye (a few drops are enough). Pour this mixture into the volcano, and then add vinegar (a quarter cup) there. A violent reaction begins with the release of carbon dioxide. Brightly colored foam emerges from the vent
Plasticine is a wonderful unique material for creativity, known to everyone since childhood. However, not everyone knows the history of the appearance of plasticine, which was created in the 19th century, thanks to the experiments of William Harbutt, a teacher at the British School of Art.
In the form in which we know it, everyone’s favorite plasticine appeared at the end of the 19th century. However, the authorship of the invention is controversial. The officially recognized author is the British William Harbutt, who in 1899 received a patent for a non-drying plastic clay called “Plasticine”. However, somewhat earlier, in 1880, an invention similar in both composition and name was patented: the author of the “Plastilin” model mass was the German pharmacist Franz Kolb. Since public recognition for the creation of plasticine still remains with the Englishman William Harbutt, we will tell his story.
Plastic mass for students
Plasticine appeared as a result of the author’s constant experimentation, working on a simple and practical material for modeling. William would be a teacher at an art school, and his goal was to create for students a material that, unlike hardening clay, could be used repeatedly. However, the resulting plastic mass from Harbutt was very much loved not only by students, but also by his own children, who literally filled the entire house with plasticine products.
Plasticine was created for educational purposes, but the students and Harbutt’s family liked it so much that the teacher began to think about its commercial use. The author's goal was to give other children the opportunity to enjoy modeling from this wonderful material. Initially, plasticine had only one color - gray. After the product was patented, it went on sale in four different colors. Nowadays you can buy children's plasticine, which has a much richer range of colors.
Modern plasticine
Needless to say, at present modeling from plasticine is considered as an important and necessary element for the development of children. Both very young children in kindergartens and older children make crafts from plasticine in art studios; cartoons and artistic compositions are created from plasticine. One of the most famous large-scale projects was “Plasticine Paradise” by English television producer James May, in which more than 2 thousand people took part. It took 2.6 tons of plasticine and 6 weeks of active work to sculpt the plasticine garden.
The classic recipe for plasticine is clay powder, animal fats, wax, coloring enzymes, as well as other components that prevent drying. However, now, in addition to the classic variations, a variety of compositions are produced under the name “plasticine”. For example, you can buy soft modeling clay, which is ideal for babies. There is safe plant-based plasticine that does not have additives that can harm the baby if it gets into the mouth. Sculptural plasticine and firing clay are produced. Without a doubt, with the advent of such a wonderful material as plasticine, the world has become much richer and more interesting.
