“One who cannot smile should not engage in trade,” says a Chinese proverb. Each country has its own national identity. Every nation has its own mentality, traditions and customs, rules of conduct and even its own business etiquette. In order not to get into a mess when working with foreign colleagues and partners, you need to pay attention to a lot of little things and nuances. What is accepted in our country may be unacceptable in another state.
The culture of another country is not only a barrier that all visitors have to overcome, but also a shield that protects the uniqueness of each nation. We have collected the most interesting and obligatory rules of business etiquette in European countries.
The United Kingdom is one of the world's economic and financial centers. British financiers and businessmen are real perfectionists, they pay attention to every detail in their work and demand the same from their colleagues, including foreign ones. Even when writing letters, one must be extremely careful and attentive to all formalities.
Punctuality is almost the main quality that a person who conducts business in the UK should have. Being late is completely unacceptable, and the business meeting itself is usually scheduled in advance, several days in advance.
British humor is one of the national symbols, it is present even in the business environment. If you do not understand the joke or ironic remark of the interlocutor, then you should not focus on this, you need to smile and continue the conversation.
It should also not be forgotten that Great Britain is a multinational country, and calling a Scotsman or Irishman an Englishman is a dangerous step. Representatives of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are sometimes even offended by the word "British", so you need to express yourself very correctly and not touch on the topic of nations within the United Kingdom.
After the end of the working day, it is not customary to discuss work matters, even while having dinner with a colleague in a restaurant or at a family dinner at his home. Talking about work after work is bad form.
In addition to professionalism in all areas, the British are famous for their conservatism, which is also reflected in the dress code: you should not wear jeans and a T-shirt to meet with partners in the office, and you should not wear a tracksuit to a dinner party.
The people of Great Britain are reserved and level-headed people. When talking, you should avoid the manifestation of excessive emotions and expressive statements. Even the neutral expression “I'm quite pleased” can be perceived as an extremely enthusiastic reaction.
Germany
The calculating and thrifty Germans are known as the most pedantic and hardworking specialists. Businessmen from Germany are very restrained and always keep officially, even if long-standing friendly relations have developed between partners: it is customary to address by last name and “you”. If communication takes place in English, then you can apply by name.
Not only work, but even their personal life is scheduled not by the clock, but by the minute, so any delay is perceived as an insult. If the circumstances are such that a delay is inevitable, it is better to call your German colleague as soon as possible and explain everything, apologizing.
Business in Germany is preferred to be carried out and planned in advance and leisurely. Haste makes every German suspicious. Therefore, with a joint project or deal, you should not rush, but slowly and thoughtfully work out all the details.
Lunch in Germany is an important necessity. Many workers, students, and even schoolchildren head home or to a cafe in the middle of the day for lunch. Therefore, most business meetings are often held at lunch, and dinner, in turn, is customary with the family. Private life and work are clearly separated: in Germany, business partners are rarely invited to a family dinner, as is often the case in the UK or France. However, if you received an invitation, you must definitely bring a small present to your home: a bottle of expensive wine or a box of chocolates.
Do not be offended if a German colleague does not treat anyone with his breakfast brought from home, or closes his office right in front of his nose: violating personal space and sharing things in Germany is not customary.
When addressing a person, it is important to mention his academic degrees, titles, and so on. Personal achievements carry a lot of weight here, and the fact that a work partner knows about it will show him his best side.
And of course, in conversations not related to work, the topic of World War II should be avoided. For the Germans, this question is extremely painful.
France
The French are famous for their sense of tact and style, they are real neat in everything, including work and business. Even the word "etiquette" itself comes from the French language. Failure to follow simple rules of behavior at the table or when communicating causes a negative reaction. And the appearance of a business partner and colleagues must be impeccable, so before a business meeting, you should carefully choose a wardrobe.
Punctuality in France is carefully considered, but not as strict as in Germany or Great Britain. A delay of 10-15 minutes is allowed, but no more.
Business meetings are almost always scheduled for breakfast, lunch or dinner: it's not for nothing that France is considered a gourmet country. An important detail: business issues are discussed only after serving drinks.
When you first meet with a French colleague, be sure to hand him your business card. On it, if possible, you need to indicate all personal achievements: the French respect a person with ranks and titles.
The French are immensely proud of their culture and their language, so they prefer to speak French even with foreigners. If the interlocutor does not know the language, he should learn at least a couple of phrases, contact a colleague in French and ask permission to switch to English. This formality is of great importance.
French businessmen are very scrupulous. Therefore, when meeting or making a deal, you need to prepare for the fact that the partner will ask many questions and begin to find out even the smallest details.
Knowledge of French culture will be a big plus for a foreigner. If a partner in a conversation on an abstract topic can talk about Matisse, Hugo or Debussy, then the French colleague will be flattered, because the art of France is a matter of national pride.
Italy
Italian businessmen, contrary to popular belief about the nation, are extremely prim and formal.
When they meet, everyone addresses each other by their last names and shakes hands. They even exchange handshakes with women.
Like the French, Italians are very sensitive to their language, so even the first official letter with a proposal for partnership is better written in Italian.
Italy is the birthplace of fashion. Therefore, a good branded costume or dress, watch, jewelry and even an expensive fountain pen can attract an Italian colleague to a foreigner. At the same time, the dress code does not have strict restrictions in color, as in the same Great Britain: a suit for a meeting with Italian partners can be in light colors, and a dress can be in a bright shade.
A business meeting, which is usually held at dinner, begins with small talk. Topics that Italians love to discuss: art, architecture, football, family and travel. Punctuality does not really matter, so a meeting can be scheduled even a few hours in advance, and can continue until late at night. Italians are leisurely and often late.
Ireland
Despite its proximity to Great Britain, Ireland has its own business etiquette, opposite to its neighbors.
Too formal clothes are not welcome here, so you can dress more informally for a meeting: dark jeans, a shirt or a polo, but you must have a jacket.
Business meetings and negotiations are often scheduled in bars, so you shouldn't be surprised if an Irish business partner is waiting for his foreign counterpart with a beer at the bar.
The Irish are not too obligatory: they are often late and cancel appointments. But expressing dissatisfaction about this is bad form.
Finland, Norway, Sweden
The rules of business etiquette in the northern countries of Europe are almost the same.
Finns, Norwegians and Swedes are reserved and not overly emotional. They never talk about family and personal life. But at the same time, in communication they often refer to them by name and "you". Northerners love simplicity and value straightforwardness. They are reliable, their words never diverge from their actions. Scandinavians do not tolerate boasting and flattery.
Most business meetings are made in the sauna. This is a national Scandinavian tradition. After the sauna, the meeting moves to a restaurant or cafe.
If the partner invites a foreign colleague to a family dinner, it is imperative to present a bottle of wine and a bouquet of flowers for the owner's wife.
Spain
Spaniards are energetic, hardworking, proactive and determined. Business in Spain is carried out confidently and quickly. Spanish businessmen value the same qualities in their foreign partners.
Spanish colleagues show interest not only in work and position, but also in the personality of their partners. Therefore, at a business meeting, you need to be prepared for personal inquiries.
Spaniards are not punctual at all, they are often late and do not always keep their promises. When concluding transactions and contracts, you need to be as persistent as possible and negotiate all the details and obligations of the parties.
Do not forget about the traditional Spanish siesta, especially in relation to small towns: from 2 pm to 4 pm there are usually no meetings, this time is meant for rest. The Spaniards meet with partners only during dinner, which starts quite late, around 21.00.
In clothing, the Spaniards are democratic and do not impose strict requirements on foreign colleagues.
When in Rome do as the romans do
Each country and its culture is unique. When dealing with foreigners, you must at least be aware of cultural and linguistic barriers and differences and treat with respect any nation and country. Compliance with even the elementary rules of etiquette will allow you to maintain international partnerships and work around the world without restrictions.
As you know, the United Kingdom (The United Kingdom) consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. This is important not only in terms of geography; one must remember about the strongest sense of national pride inherent in each of these peoples.
English and British mean completely different things. A resident of Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland can be called a British (although many of them do not like it), but by no means an Englishman.
An Englishman is only a resident of England. The inhabitants of Scotland are called Scots, Wales are Welsh, and Northern Ireland is Irish. Do not under any circumstances call a Scotsman, Welshman or Irishman an Englishman.
In turn, although the United Kingdom is part of the European Union, the British don't like being called Europeans. This is important when discussing problems concerning the European Union.
It is also worth remembering that Northern Ireland borders the Republic of Ireland - these are different countries. Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, Ireland is not. It would be a mistake and almost an insult to call a resident of Ireland British.
What are they?
Each of the countries that make up the United Kingdom has its own history, culture and ancestral language. Separatist sentiments are strong enough in them, so be delicate when discussing these issues and do not bring this up first.
The British are quite reserved in their behavior, especially in comparison with the representatives of the USA or southern European countries. Correctly, they do without violent gestures and exaggerated emotions. They do not tolerate familiarity, so do not rush to put your hand on your shoulder or hug new acquaintances around the waist.
Have you ever participated in business meetings with the British? What do you remember, what surprised you? Let us know in the comments!
Foreign businessmen accustomed to doing business in Britain may find that there are more similarities in business behavior in Britain and Ireland than differences. However, these differences are significant and can be a hindrance if not known.
Relationship.Americans who are accustomed to faceless phone calls may be surprised that successful business in Ireland requires long-term relationships. Here are some practical tips for deal-minded people on how to establish effective relationships in this market:
Be prepared to communicate before, during, and after
thieves.
Important issues should always be discussed face to face,
and not by phone or by correspondence.
When preparing to establish new contacts, you need to organize
Submit to be represented by an influential third party.
If any of your employees have "connections in Irlan
diy ", close or distant relatives, this can help in
establishing trust.
Foreign businessmen should avoid any show.
Like Australians, the Irish welcome humble people.
Formality and social hierarchies.In general, the Irish place less emphasis on class than the British. Most in social situations call each other by name, but when meeting them you have to wait until they themselves offer this style of communication. If appropriate, you can contact a professional
Or academic titles like "professor" or "doctor", but surgeons, like in Britain, are referred to as "Mr."
Attitude to time.The pace of life in Ireland, even in Dublin, is a little slower than in Germany or the USA. There is no strict adherence to schedules and deadlines for the completion of work, your local colleagues may be late for meetings, but they expect punctuality from foreigners.
Communication behavior.Irish colleagues are initially perceived as reserved, albeit more friendly, outgoing and expressive than British ones. The Irish relax quickly after a few glasses of thick black Tiness "beer," which is another reason to spend time in pubs!
Irish people do not express their thoughts as directly as Scandinavians or Americans, in response to a question they rarely say directly "yes" or "no". Irish people, especially those who were not born and raised in the capital, regard straightforwardness as rude. Dubliners are more direct, both in speech and in writing.
Business protocol
Meeting and greetings.A firm handshake and good eye contact are considered normal. Handshakes are exchanged during acquaintance, when meeting and saying goodbye to unfamiliar people, and also if they have not seen their friend for a long time.
Touches.This is a low contact culture. Aside from shaking hands, people don't touch each other in public. The American habit of patting the back, grabbing the elbow, and hugging the shoulders would be inappropriate unless initiated by your Irish colleague.
Gestures.The Irish use little hand gestures. When showing the peace sign with two fingers, the palm should be facing outward. If it is turned inward, it will be an indecent sign.
Clothing. Business people dress less formally than in the UK or elsewhere on the continent. At the first meeting with a business partner, it is recommended to dress conservatively.
Business gifts.Although gifts are not accepted in this culture, small gifts such as pens, books, writing instruments and ties may be exchanged after successful negotiations.
Social etiquette
Queue behavior.As in Britain, you can never go out of line.
Gifts for the hostess.If invited into the house, bring a small gift, such as chocolates, liquor, champagne, or flowers.
CROSS-CULTURAL BUSINESS BEHAVIOR
You. An invitation to "tea" can only mean tea, but it can also mean a full meal. If in doubt, ask. Be sure to send a thank you card the next day.
Pub etiquette.Pub lunches are usually served for business entertainment. If you went to the pub with your business partner, take turns ordering drinks. Be sure to follow the order. When it’s your turn to pay, be sure to pay. People who pay more than others are perceived as braggart. Refusing to drink is considered a great insult. Traditionally, Irish people believe that a woman can order herself a glass (half a pint) rather than a pint of beer. It is customary to raise toasts at the table.
Behavior during negotiations
Organization of presentation.Irish businessmen do not like exaggeration and exaggerated demands. The presentation should be direct and factual. Humor is acceptable, but foreigners should understand that it is not always translated correctly. The safest thing in Ireland is self-directed humor.
Bargaining range.Don't leave too much wiggle room in your original proposal. This tactic can convince Irish people that you are not the right partner for them.
Overcoming obstacles encountered during negotiations.Be friendly and humble. The Irish have long remembered past humiliation and deceit. This can be overcome by: a) establishing a strong relationship of trust and b) arranging a new deal in such a way as to offer the Irish side WINNING terms.
Making decisions.Americans believe that the negotiation process with the Irish is protracted, but in relation to other business cultures, it is quite normal.
We have already talked enough about what should be done in order for negotiations to proceed effectively, and what mistakes should be avoided. We also talked about what must be taken into account both during the preparation and during the negotiations themselves. But the personal characteristics of opponents, their goals and motives, strategies and techniques, which they prefer, are not all that need to be guided by when planning and negotiating.
It is also of great importance what nationality your opponent is, because different nations have their own psychological and behavioral traits, different views on things, different cultural characteristics. And given the fact that in our time international negotiations are not uncommon, it is imperative to know about these features. It is for this reason that we devoted the final lesson of our course to the nationalities of negotiation.
There is a lot of material on this topic and, naturally, it is not possible to analyze absolutely all nations in the negotiations plan and take into account all the features within the framework of one lesson. However, we tried to include in the lesson the most relevant and valuable information from the point of view of practical application.
We will talk about their features purely for informational purposes, and only the most important thing. If you have a desire to understand this issue in more detail, you can find a lot of interesting information on the vastness of the ubiquitous Internet today.
USA
The peculiarity of American negotiation is, first of all, in high professionalism. When meeting with delegates from the United States, you will not find among them an incompetent person on the topic of negotiations.
In addition, American negotiators often have the authority to make decisions on their own, but decisions are made by them only after all the details of the issue at stake have been discussed.
In negotiations, Americans are open, energetic, sociable and friendly, react quickly to circumstances, and prefer a less formal environment. However, along with this, egocentrism is often traced in their behavior, because they may feel that their opponents should be guided by the same rules as themselves.
When negotiating with the Americans, it is recommended that you clearly state your thoughts and justify the benefits of your positions and points of view. It is not worth counting on the fact that the Americans themselves will spend their time to determine your positive aspects, and they will give preference to the company whose representative himself can clearly and intelligibly tell everything about it.
To get Americans interested, you also need to let them know what they can do with you. But remember, you must also be open, honest, and specific. The positions of American negotiators are often very strong, which is why they can be assertive and willing to bargain.
England
One of the peculiarities of the British is that they devote very little time to the process of preparing negotiations. They are very pragmatic and tend to believe that the best solution can be found during negotiations. The British are distinguished by an enviable flexibility of thinking, a willingness to accept counter offers, and a desire to avoid sharp corners.
It is not recommended to start negotiations with the British from the subject of the meeting - it is best to start a conversation with a discussion of some neutral topics, for example, sports, weather, fashion, etc. They value universal human values, a good attitude towards their nation, correctness and the opponent's sharing of their interests. In addition, they will value their partner more if in the future he will show attention to them, for example, sometimes call, be interested in business, etc.
The length of the period of cooperation and prospects play an important role in negotiations with the British. The longer the business relationship lasts, the more they will have a desire to conclude a contract or come to the necessary agreement, and even if the benefit for them will be small.
Keep in mind also that the English negotiators abide by the laws, adhere to the ideas of justice, play honestly and openly, never get personal, are always punctual, do not take verbosity very well, and consider the main dignity of a person.
France
It is characteristic of the French that they tend to avoid formal conversations on any topic, as they say, face to face. In the process of negotiations, they always hold independently, but changes in their strategy are no exception, which depends on who they are negotiating with.
The French highly value preliminary agreements and the opportunity to discuss the most controversial issues in advance. When making decisions, they prefer to act in concert with higher management.
Equally important, business matters are best discussed with French negotiators after coffee has been served, starting with a smooth transition from neutral to business.
Germany
In negotiations, the Germans are pedantic, calculating, unemotional. They enter into negotiations only after they are convinced that a solution can be found. They prepare very carefully for negotiations, state their thoughts sequentially, discussing each issue in detail.
If you have to negotiate with the Germans, know that they are extremely punctual, adhere to a regulated style of communication, they like it when everything is clear and clear, they value titles (even before negotiations, you should find out what title your opponent has).
The high level of organization of the Germans allows them to negotiate directly and competently, take an active position, be honest and immediately dot the i's. They will love it if you use graphs, charts, charts, numbers and statistics.
If the agreement is signed, you will have to do everything possible to ensure that all conditions on your part are met, but the Germans themselves will strictly follow them. If the terms of the agreement are violated, be prepared to “pay in full”.
Japan
The most notable thing about the Japanese negotiating style is that if the Japanese initially make concessions, in return they will respond with concessions no less than yours.
The Japanese negotiators try to avoid clashes of interests, but in some cases, especially when the opponent is weaker, they can use active pressure. If they initially chose a specific strategy, they will most likely stick to it until the very end.
Among the Japanese, it is customary to pay special attention to establishing personal contacts with their negotiating partners, which is why it is recommended to discuss the issues raised with them, if the matter has already started, in all colors, even if they do not relate to the topic of negotiations. You should be sincere, friendly, open and tactful with the Japanese.
Those negotiations in which it was possible to create a trusting atmosphere in which there is mutual respect and understanding are especially appreciated. All issues should be resolved succinctly, gradually; the main issues are discussed after the secondary ones.
Another distinctive point to be aware of is that Japanese people tend to involve many people to make a decision, from the main people in the company to ordinary employees. For this reason, decisions are made by them rather slowly, but such, and the goals are achievable.
Also, be aware that the Japanese value punctuality, commitment, diligence, accuracy, attentiveness, hard work, accuracy, politeness, discipline, and self-control.
South Korea
South Korean negotiators love to get down to business as soon as common ground has been found, avoiding speculation on distant topics. If you have a feasible and detailed proposal, you can safely proceed to discussing issues related to it.
In negotiations, Koreans are always consistent, logical, assertive, often aggressive, striving to find a relationship between all the components of the proposed scheme. They try to be as simple, concrete and clear as possible, avoid lengthy expressions.
If they don't understand something, they will never show it right away. They also don't like to say no. Taking their status very seriously, they always pretend that they understand all the details of the issue. For this reason, it is imperative to analyze the decisions made in all details and find out everything that may remain incomprehensible.
Koreans will never argue with you, prove you wrong or refuse. But you must behave in the same way. If the final decision is made, the Koreans will be immediately ready to start work. For this reason, by the way, you should not give the Koreans evasive answers, promise to think, etc. It is best to send people authorized to make independent decisions to negotiations with representatives of South Korea.
China
The Chinese prefer to divide the negotiation process into several stages: first, positions are specified, then these positions are discussed, and then a specific decision is made. Initially, they pay great attention to how the opponent looks and behaves, based on which, subsequently, conclusions will be drawn about his status. The Chinese negotiators will focus on the person whose status is higher. A sense of community and is also important for them.
Also, negotiations with the Chinese can consist of technical and commercial stages. To be successful in the first stage, you need to try to convince your Chinese opponents of the benefits they will get from working with you, which is why you should be as prepared as possible on technical issues.
As for the commercial stage, for success you need to have excellent knowledge of the world market situation, as well as back up your arguments with specific materials and analytical data.
In most cases, the Chinese themselves start negotiations, voice their ideas and make proposals, after which they listen to the interlocutor. They can make concessions only after assessing the opponent's capabilities. If the opponent made some mistakes in the negotiations, they will be skillfully used against him. Decisions are made by the Chinese not immediately, but after discussion with the higher management.
Arab countries
Representatives of Arab countries are almost always determined to establish trusting relations with their opponents. They conduct negotiations with dignity and respect for the interlocutor, towards whom they behave very correctly. Decisions are made together with colleagues and only after discussing all the nuances with them.
Anyone who negotiates with the Arabs will be in an advantageous position to respect their national customs. Based on their past experience, they also predict the development of events, because their main support is roots and traditions.
At the same time, Arab negotiators can bargain, ask many questions, and show independence. If the opponent in any way tries to interfere in their internal affairs, these inclinations will be nipped in the bud.
The Arabs always work out the details in advance, are very careful about unambiguous answers, strive to establish long-term contacts, especially if they fail to come to an agreement the first time. If the Arabs respond to the opponent's proposal with a refusal, then they do so so that he does not in any way feel offended or offended, but they expect the same attitude towards themselves.
Ireland
Irish negotiators have earned a reputation as the most difficult negotiator in all of Europe, as have one exceptional behavioral feature with regards to foreigners - they always strive to make the opponent understand that they are not interested in cooperation with foreigners.
In the negotiation process, the Irish can be somewhat secretive, distrustful, and optional. They can also keep silent about any information and even show a share of hostility towards foreigners. Many people perceive these features as flaws, but the Irish themselves are not only well aware of them, but even partly proud of them.
It can be difficult for inexperienced negotiators to negotiate with the Irish, because, among other things, they are direct in communication and openly express their opinions. However, if you know these national characteristics, negotiations can lead to a successful result.
Spain
The Spaniards can be called people who willingly meet halfway in negotiations. They show cordiality, openness, sincerity, desire and desire to work in a team. But when conducting a conversation with the Spaniards, do not rush. they like to discuss all issues, debate and understand everything. They are also not inclined to strict adherence to any regulations.
It is also important to bear in mind that the Spanish negotiators meet their interlocutors, as they say, by their clothes - they value style, image and impeccable appearance. The negotiations themselves are held, as a rule, in conference rooms or offices, and it is better not to count on a home atmosphere, despite their attitude to regulations.
It is important to always maintain a sense of tact, correct behavior, avoid impulsiveness and hasty statements. Disputes with the Spaniards are a serious matter, which is why you should not enter into confrontation and even more so to start conflicts.
Italy
The Italian negotiators are characterized by impetuosity, exceptional sociability, and expansiveness. Most of the negotiations with Italians are calm, but they often take a more active and energetic position.
Italians do not like to delay decisions, they calmly go to search for alternatives and establish strong business relationships, but only with those people who occupy a position equal to them in status in society, organization and the business world.
The representatives of Italy attach particular importance to informal contacts with colleagues and partners, and they appreciate it very much when the opponent does not neglect meetings outside working hours. According to them, the informal atmosphere is conducive to freer and more relaxed communication, during which one can express any ideas on the topic of the issue under discussion without the risk of offending or offending the opponent.
Sweden
The main characteristics of the Swedes, as negotiators, are such qualities as reliability, decency, punctuality, diligence, accuracy. Swedes are very educated people, which is why they pay special attention to the level of education of the opponent.
The Swedes love business and negotiations, so it is best to discuss with them the number and composition of participants, the time, place and duration of the meeting, the main issues that will be put on the agenda, etc.
Be sure that the negotiators from Sweden will thoroughly study your proposals and ideas and understand all the details. You can make a good impression if you possess not only the qualities that are inherent in Swedes, but also if you are well-versed in professional and informational terms.
Russia
For our compatriots, it is characteristic that they focus mainly on common goals, but they pay disproportionately less attention to ways of achieving them. This may run counter to the national characteristics of negotiators from other countries, which is why the achievement of mutually beneficial agreements is often delayed, slowed down or complicated.
Russian negotiators solve problems very carefully and carefully, avoiding risks. A wary attitude to risks becomes the reason for not very high initiative and, as a result, the greatest interest in the proposals of opponents.
In negotiations, Russians tend to take a confident position, often overestimate requirements, are reluctant to compromise, considering them a manifestation of weakness, and can also use methods in negotiations that are aimed at obtaining benefits.
Unfortunately, the majority of Russian negotiators are not interested in becoming as competent as possible, improving their negotiating culture and their professionalism. Many foreign researchers note that even in an environment of cooperation, Russians manage to see not how much their interests coincide with their opponents, but how much they diverge from each other.
Among other things, another characteristic feature of our compatriots in negotiations is that their attitude towards an opponent can change dramatically from one extreme to another, as well as the fact that many Russians do not behave very decently, working not only with Russian colleagues, but also with foreign partners.
These are the national characteristics of negotiators from around the world. We hope that you have formed a general picture, and now you will be in a position to prepare for both usual and tough and international negotiations. Remember to practice as much as possible and hone your skills when negotiating. We have tried to provide you with the most necessary theoretical and practical information that you can start applying in life today.
And, finally, one more thing: as a supplement to the course we have passed, we strongly recommend that you take into account information from other sources - books on the art of negotiation. You can find a list and a summary of these books if you refer to the additional section of this course.
We wish you the best in your development as a negotiating professional.
Develop, grow and - that's all you need on your way!
Test your knowledge
If you want to test your knowledge of the topic of this lesson, you can take a short test consisting of several questions. In each question, only 1 option can be correct. After you have chosen one of the options, the system automatically proceeds to the next question. The points you receive are influenced by the correctness of your answers and the time spent on passing. Please note that the questions are different each time, and the options are mixed.
