The word engineering comes from the Latin word ingenium - skill, ingenuity. Thus, the art of engineering is an activity aimed at the process of inventing new technologies. At the same time, as you understand, engineering technologies supply many industries with their ideas, ranging from construction and mechanical engineering to chemistry, pharmacology and medicine.
But which engineers will be most in demand by humanity in the near future?
The other day, the American digital media resource Mashable asked this question and came up with a list of four engineering professions that will be most in demand in the future.
It is estimated that in five years, by 2020, the Millennial generation, that is, people born between 1980 and 1990, will occupy 50% of the jobs on the planet. This means that it is they who will determine our future.
So, it is assumed that the most popular engineering profession will be any activity related to computer technology. And this is not surprising, because today such processes are still in their infancy. This industry is controlled by monopolists such as Google, Apple and Microsoft, which, in fact, are the only ones producing computer products for mass use, imposing them on humanity, and also forcing them to play by the rules beneficial to mega-corporations.
Meanwhile, history has repeatedly demonstrated that any activity that allows only the existence of several monopolists is doomed to failure, which means, no matter how you look at it, humanity will strive to make these technologies publicly available. It is believed that in this area, a person’s career opportunities are limited only by his talents and abilities, which means, in fact, they are limitless. More and more companies are using computer developments and virtual reality in their activities in order to reduce production costs and attract the attention of a younger audience.
Mechanical engineering
The creation of various mechanisms that help people in production and everyday life has acquired particular relevance in the last 70-80 years. Every day we read about the release of super-smart cars, drones, spacecraft and underwater systems.
Man already wants to completely master not only his own planet, but also the nearest space. He needs completely new technology, convenient, ergonomic, cheap and environmentally friendly. This means that society’s demand for such engineers will only grow. Most likely, in the near future, humanity will begin to create fundamentally new mechanisms that can replace the outdated internal combustion engine and machines that use fossil fuels.
Medicine and healthcare
For a long time, medicine and healthcare have merged with engineering, using its developments in the production of implants, medications, therapeutic techniques and medical equipment.
And this means that engineers working in this area will be in great demand. After all, a person wants to live forever, and live healthy. Biomedicine will be the main healthcare sector of the future, developing bionics and nanomedicine technologies. In this area, engineers will occupy a special, perhaps even dominant position.
Construction and architecture
This area will never become obsolete, because people always need housing. Construction and architectural technologies are a constantly evolving art, which means any professions related to them will be in demand.
Current trends in this area are the use of clean energy, energy efficiency, space saving, “smartness” of buildings and their versatility. Today, architects and civil engineers need to work closely with computer engineers and bioengineers, chemists and physicists who are able to realize the needs of modern society. This is an interesting, dynamic and diverse job that will appeal to the Millennial generation.
Rail transport throughout the world and in the 21st century remains the most popular and profitable type of passenger and freight transportation. Of the total volume of freight turnover in Russia, more than 40% falls on passenger turnover in the railway transport system, and twice as much on freight turnover - 80%. Russian railway network serves almost 2% of the country's working population. Therefore, personnel to work in the railway transport system are in demand in our time and will be in demand for many more decades.
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Specialty 05.25.04 “Operation of Railways” and its profiles
A modern railway is an extensive network of production facilities, requiring specialists of various categories and qualifications. Most railway professions require higher or secondary specialized education, which is obtained at specialized institutes, technical schools and colleges. One of the main railway specialties is “Operation of Railways”.
This specialization is a higher education program and involves training personnel who provide maintenance and operation of railway transport systems. Future qualification, assigned to a graduate of the institute in this specialization: railway engineer.
The specialty has the following training profiles (in-depth study within one subject of a narrow field of activity):
The profile of training is indicated not in the diploma, but in the appendix, where, after the direction and listing of general disciplines, specialized disciplines are written in the “specialization” column.
Professions by specialty
As can be seen from the list of profiles for this specialty, in addition to acquiring knowledge in the field of basic railway disciplines, students master marketing and information technology. This professional knowledge and skills allow them to apply for the following positions in the Russian railway and metro system:
Specialists who have received education in this specialty and have some experience in simple positions are more often than others appointed to leadership positions in the system of maintenance and safety of railway transport.
In addition to the engineering and technological focus, this specialization after completing master's and postgraduate studies allows you to engage in teaching and scientific activities in this field.
Where can I get training in this specialty?
There are only nine main universities that train specialists to work on Russian railways.
GUPS (transport universities) are distributed throughout all districts of Russia and are located in the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Samara, Rostov, Yekaterinburg, Tomsk, Omsk, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk. An extensive network of branches and institutes that are part of the GUPS makes it possible for residents of many remote regions to receive a “railway” education near their place of primary residence.
The largest railway university, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), is located in Moscow. MIIT has existed since 1896 and is one of the oldest educational institutions in this field. The institute received university status in 1993, but the corporate abbreviation MIIT (Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers), used since 1924, was retained in the name of the educational institution.
MIIT is the main supplier of qualified personnel for the Moscow metro and the metro systems of other Russian cities.
Training at institutes and universities messages are carried out on a budgetary basis (quota, target places) and on a paid basis. Data on the number of budget, targeted and paid places are published on the official websites of educational institutions. The largest customer of specialists, paying for targeted places in railway universities and institutes, is the Russian Railways company. Every year, Russian Railways sends more than 10 thousand target students for training in Moscow and other regions of Russia. In order to stimulate quality education, the Russian Railways company implements scholarship programs and grant projects for students and universities of its profile.
Specialization "Technical operation of railway rolling stock"
Applicants, parents and users often confuse two specialties: “Operation of railways” and “Technical operation of railway rolling stock”. This happens due to the presence of three identical words in the name: “operation”, “railroads”, “roads”.
The first difference between them is that “Operation of Railways” is a specialty of higher education. The specialization “Technical operation of railway rolling stock” is studied in technical schools and colleges.
The second difference is the additional phrase “rolling stock,” which specifies that future technologists who have been trained in this specialization will work on carriages, steam locomotives, locomotives, that is, equipment that moves on rails. The scope of professional activity of the specialty “Operation of Railways” is completely different. What does the list of profiles indicate?(narrow specialization) and listing possible positions.
Salaries of railway transport specialists
When choosing a future profession, the amount of remuneration for future work plays an important role. Those planning to enroll in railway universities are, of course, interested in the question of how much a railway worker earns. According to data published in the industry newspaper Gudok, the average salary of railway workers in 2016 increased to 46.8 thousand rubles. Of course, based on this “average” figure, there is no difference between the pay for the work of a nurse in a railway sanatorium and the salary of the vice president of the Russian Railways company.
But if you look at the sites, where vacancies in the railway industry are published, then in general these salaries look like this:
- A position that requires higher education, experience in this profile and 2-3 years of work experience - 30-45 thousand rubles.
- The position of head of any industry sector - from 40 thousand rubles.
- Positions that require specialized secondary education (university graduates usually start their work in the industry from here) - 22–30 thousand rubles.
To these salaries are added various types allowances for special working conditions and bonuses.
In addition to the state transport company Russian Railways, there are other railway operators operating in the railway transport system. Payment rates at these commercial enterprises may differ significantly from those indicated in the article.
Changes are coming at the Faculty of Transportation Process Management: graduates of specialty 190401 "Operation of Railways", being general professionals, will stock up on an individual set of industry-specific knowledge.
From September 1, 2014, new specializations will appear in the specialty “Operation of Railways”: “Line-line transport”, “Industrial transport”, “Freight and commercial work”, “Passenger complex of railway transport”, “Transport business and logistics” . The first four will be characterized by full-time and part-time forms of study, while the last four will offer only full-time study. It should be noted that Roszheldor approved budget places in three specializations: “Long-Range Transport”, “Freight and Commercial Work”, “Passenger Railway Transport Complex”
The head of the Department of “Stations, Units and Freight Work” of the USGUPS, S. A. Plakhotic, spoke about the new specializations.
– Are there differences in training in different specializations?
– Applicants enter the specialty, and the division into specializations occurs after the 3rd year. Students study the general disciplines required by all railway engineers, and then determine for themselves the industry in which they would like to work. As for the target students, the organizations sending them should target the guys in advance for one or another specialization.
All graduates of the specialty "Operation of Railways" are awarded the qualification "Specialist in Operation of Railways". Specialization is reflected only in the annex to the diploma, which contains a list of certain disciplines.
– What will be included in the scope of activity of a graduate of each specialization?
– Curriculums for specializations consist of three blocks. The first two differ slightly. Thus, in each of them there is one highly specialized discipline: outsourcing (contractual involvement of third-party organizations) and information technology in the industry chosen by the student. The third block is professional, and therefore each specialization has its own list of disciplines.
Graduates of the "Long-Range Transport" specialization are in charge of organizing freight and passenger transportation, interaction with industrial transport, railway design. stations and hubs, organization of work of forwarding companies, transportation and tariffs in international communications.
Engineers specializing in "Industrial Transport" are responsible for organizing transportation on industrial transport, designing industrial railways. transport, operation and repair of technical equipment, resolving issues regarding the functioning of transport of industrial enterprises.
Specialists in the industry "Cargo and commercial work" are responsible for technical and technological support and design of multimodal transportation, commercial, legal and information support for freight transportation.
Graduates of the specialization "Passenger complex of railway transport" can be engaged in designing the infrastructure of the passenger complex, managing passenger companies; Their competence also includes the operation and repair of passenger cars, operating technology and operation of station complexes.
The scope of activity of logistics graduates includes project management in transport business and logistics, information support for transport business, business planning in transport, and supply chain management.
– Where will graduates of each specialization work?
– All graduates of the specialty “Operation of Railways” have equivalent diplomas, so there is no strict professional distribution.
Mainline transport specialists can work as dispatchers at different levels, station attendants, operators, etc.
Graduates of the "Industrial Transport" specialization can become managers of transport departments at industrial enterprises with railways. non-public routes, as well as by managers on industrial railways. transport.
Freight and commercial work specialists collaborate with shippers and consignees; they are the ones who “make money” for the rest of the railroad workers.
Graduates of the "Passenger Transport" specialization can work in the directorates for servicing passengers and stations, in suburban companies, and in the federal passenger company.
The most mobile graduates of the specialty are logisticians. They can be found in various forwarding and transport companies.
So, if you are attracted by the romance of the roads and want to find the right path not only for yourself, but also for others, welcome to the friendly family of railway workers!
Traveling by train is one of the most popular in the whole world and in our country in particular. Professions related to railway transport will be in demand for a long time. Some professions can be learned at a technical school. But higher education provides more opportunities for employment and earning a good income. Consider a specialty such as railway operation. What to do after graduating from university, where are workers of this profile in demand?
Operation of railways – activities of services for the preparation and implementation of the movement of railway transport.
This work includes all activities related to traffic movement:
- preparation and coordination of train movements;
- Passenger Transportation;
- work of stations and departments;
- cargo and technical activities;
- maintenance of trains and transport.
The operation of railways is divided into two types: commercial and technical. Technical operation of railways - preparation and control of train movement, organization of passenger transportation, development of stations and junctions.
Commercial – preparation and implementation of commercial and cargo work, branded services.
This specialty is available only in higher educational institutions. It includes several profiles:
- production staff;
- passenger train;
- main train;
- business and logistics in the field of railway transport;
- cargo and commercial work;
- traffic safety and use of railway transport;
- public speaking and forwarding in railway transport;
- transport service.
The qualification that will be awarded to a university graduate is a transport engineer.
Specialists in this field organize the movement of trains across the country, regulate the maintenance of tracks and communications, and ensure the safety of the movement of passengers and cargo.
To become a railway worker, you need to pass the Unified State Exam in the following subjects:
- Russian language;
- mathematics;
- physics;
- social science.
Important! Please note that the requirements of different universities may differ.
Who to work with
Graduates gain knowledge not only in the field of railway disciplines, but also in the field of marketing, management and information technology. This opens up access to an even wider range of professions.
Where can you work after studying in this specialty:
- head of railway transport maintenance;
- road inspector of railway transport;
- track safety engineer;
- logistician;
- transportation and transport management engineer;
- logistics;
- Head of Logistics;
- operator of automated transport lines;
- train dispatcher/specialist in dispatch regulation of railway transportation;
- transport service specialist;
- Intermodal Transportation Solutions Technician;
- transport planner.
After completing the necessary levels of education, you can teach.
Technical operation of rolling stock
Not many people know that the technical operation of railway rolling stock is a separate specialty. Unlike the previous one, it is also taught in secondary specialized educational institutions.
The professions that can be obtained after training are directly related to equipment moving on rails. This specialty is generalized, the previous one is narrow.
Where to work after training in this specialty? Since it is wider, the choice of professions is also greater.
The railway transport system has structural divisions. The choice should be made based on the department in which you want to work. For example, in the metro there are divisions into workshops: electrical depot, repair, operation. Each workshop includes several professions.
One of the most prestigious universities in this industry is MGUPS (MIIT). The educational institution prepares specialists to work in the field of railway transport. The institution’s program includes 64 areas and specialties of higher education and 32 areas and specialties of secondary specialized education.
The educational institution includes:
- branches - 24, they are located in 22 regions of the country;
- institutes – 9;
- academies – 4;
- faculties – 4;
- colleges – 3.
The university trains personnel for 134 professions. Training is carried out in the following forms of training: full-time, part-time, part-time. In the undergraduate program, the university provides about 2,500 budget and about 4,500 paid places. The cost of training per year is from 53,000 thousand rubles.
Russian Railways training
Training does not end with receiving a diploma of higher or secondary specialized education. As in any other profession, you need to constantly improve your skills. Moreover, railway systems are evolving. To be a sought-after specialist, you need to keep up with the times and know how the industry is developing.
For these purposes, JSC Russian Railways is creating training centers. The official website of the department provides up-to-date information about them. There are a total of 15 such training centers in the country.
Courses are conducted to train and retrain specialists and improve the skills of workers. In addition, there are courses for learning a second profession.
One of the important questions is who can undergo training at these training centers:
- employees of JSC Russian Railways;
- employees sent from other institutions under an agreement with JSC Russian Railways;
- persons who have entered into an agreement with the training center.
As for the latter, the training center can make decisions on the provision of paid services to individuals and legal entities on behalf of JSC Russian Railways.
Also within the structure of JSC Russian Railways there is a corporate university. It was created for managers of branches and divisions. Training is provided in 150 programs. Forms of training – full-time and distance learning.
The goals of the corporate university are to develop professional knowledge and experience, complement and develop the skills of management personnel. One of the areas of activity is internships abroad. The university cooperates with several international universities and schools.
Jobs and vacancies
In general, Russia has an extremely developed railway network. There is no railway only in five constituent entities of the Russian Federation:
- Kamchatka region;
- Altai Republic;
- Magadan region;
- Chukotka Autonomous Okrug;
- Republic of Tuva.
In other regions, the routes even pass through small towns and some villages. Therefore, railway workers are in demand everywhere.
The most popular vacancy is road foreman. Examples of some other vacancies in Moscow:
- logistics department manager (experience from 3 to 6 years);
- design engineer (experience from 1 to 3 years);
- visual communications specialist (experience from 1 to 3 years);
- train compiler (no experience);
- motorcar driver (no experience);
- locomotive driver (no experience).
In some places it is possible to work on the railway as a shift worker. How much these workers earn depends on the specific job location.
Salary depends on the region and locality. In large cities, a railway worker earns more. The prices there are approximately like this:
- the starting salary for positions hired without work experience is 20–30 thousand rubles;
- salary for positions requiring 1–3 years of experience is 30–45 thousand rubles;
- salary for the position of industry manager – from 40 thousand rubles.
This work is available everywhere in Russia, but in small cities the wages in this area are lower.
Interesting moment! It is impossible not to mention separately one profession - train conductor. To work as a guide, you do not need higher or secondary specialized education. To obtain a device, you need to contact the personnel department of the railway station. The candidate must be over 18 years of age. You will also have to undergo three months of training.
Useful video
Let's sum it up
Working in Russia in the specialty of railway operation is not easy, which is why many consider it prestigious. Moreover, if you obtain the necessary skills and work experience, you can count on a good income. College graduates often seek to continue their education and choose this particular specialty.
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0.1. The document comes into force from the moment of approval.
0.2. Document developer: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
0.3. The document has been approved: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
0.4. Periodic verification of this document is carried out at intervals not exceeding 3 years.
1. General Provisions
1.1. The position "Head of the cargo and commercial work service" belongs to the "Managers" category.
1.2. Qualification requirements - complete higher education in the relevant field of study (master, specialist). Work experience in the specialty - at least 5 years.
1.3. Knows and applies in practice:
- decrees, orders and other regulatory documents on cargo and commercial work;
- Charter of inland water transport;
- Railway Charter;
- Charter of motor transport;
- rules for transporting goods on river, sea, rail and road transport;
- rules for the transportation of goods in direct mixed rail and water transport;
- tariff guide;
- organization of cargo and commercial work in transport;
- advanced domestic and foreign experience in the field of cargo and commercial work;
- basics of computer science, capabilities of computer technology (PC);
- rules and regulations of labor protection, fire protection;
- basics of labor legislation.
1.4. The head of the cargo and commercial work service is appointed to the position and dismissed from the position by order of the organization (enterprise/institution).
1.5. The Head of Cargo and Commercial Operations reports directly to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
1.6. The head of cargo and commercial work supervises the work of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
1.7. During absence, the head of the cargo and commercial work service is replaced by a person appointed in accordance with the established procedure, who acquires the corresponding rights and is responsible for the proper performance of the duties assigned to him.
2. Characteristics of work, tasks and job responsibilities
2.1. Organizes cargo and commercial work in a shipping company (shipping line) to implement the transportation plan.
2.2. Takes the necessary measures to transfer cargo to river transport, including in lightly loaded areas, improve the organization of transportation in direct mixed rail-water communication and in combination between sea and river ports, develop transportation in universal and special containers and introduce other rational methods of transporting goods .
2.3. Provides work on concluding contracts and agreements with clients for the rental of warehouses, loading and unloading mechanisms, transportation of goods, towing ships and other work related to transportation, and monitors the implementation of these contracts and agreements.
2.4. Organizes the delivery of cargo to ports (piers) and shippers' berths during the non-navigation period, announces the deadlines for the acceptance of cargo by ports (piers) from the railway.
2.5. Based on planned requests from clients, taking into account the transport capacity of the fleet, develops quarterly transportation plans with a monthly breakdown by type of transportation and cargo.
2.6. Carries out operational accounting and analysis of the implementation of transportation and transshipment plans and makes proposals to the management of the shipping company (shipping company) regarding the necessary measures to increase the transportation of certain cargoes and shipments from transshipment points.
2.7. Through shippers and railway management, it ensures a uniform supply of cargo to transshipment points and free wagons to ports in accordance with planned standards.
2.8. Develops and implements measures to improve the quality of transportation and speed up the delivery of goods, keeps records and analyzes cases of cargo failure during transportation, monitors compliance with cargo delivery deadlines.
2.9. Analyzes current tariffs for cargo transportation, loading and handling operations and develops proposals for their improvement.
2.10. Together with the basin route departments and shipping canal departments, it establishes and submits for approval tariff distances between ports (piers) of the shipping company, publishes information on local tariffs after their approval and monitors the correct application of tariffs.
2.11. Develops, together with the Port Facilities and Mechanization Service, measures that help increase the profitability of the operation of ports (wharves), takes measures to secure personnel of cargo and commercial workers of ports (wharves) during the non-navigation period.
2.12. Studies and summarizes best practices in the field of cargo and commercial activities and organizes their implementation.
2.13. Organizes and manages departmental investigations into cases of non-preservation of cargo and their poor-quality transportation and, based on the results of the investigation, prepares proposals for preventing cases of non-preservation of cargo.
2.14. Fills out the redirection of cargo in accordance with the current procedure, gives instructions to ports (piers) on these issues, keeps records and sales of cargo that does not have documents and is unclaimed.
2.15. Knows, understands and applies current regulations relating to his activities.
2.16. Knows and complies with the requirements of regulations on labor protection and environmental protection, complies with the norms, methods and techniques for the safe performance of work.
3. Rights
3.1. The Cargo and Commercial Operations Manager has the authority to take action to prevent and correct any irregularities or non-compliances.
3.2. The head of the cargo and commercial work service has the right to receive all social guarantees provided for by law.
3.3. The head of the cargo and commercial work service has the right to demand assistance in the performance of his official duties and the exercise of rights.
3.4. The head of the cargo and commercial work service has the right to demand the creation of organizational and technical conditions necessary for the performance of official duties and the provision of the necessary equipment and inventory.
3.5. The head of the cargo and commercial work service has the right to familiarize himself with draft documents relating to his activities.
3.6. The head of the cargo and commercial work service has the right to request and receive documents, materials and information necessary to fulfill his job duties and management orders.
3.7. The head of the cargo and commercial work service has the right to improve his professional qualifications.
3.8. The head of the cargo and commercial work service has the right to report all violations and inconsistencies identified in the course of his activities and make proposals for their elimination.
3.9. The head of the cargo and commercial work service has the right to familiarize himself with documents defining the rights and responsibilities of the position held, and criteria for assessing the quality of performance of official duties.
4. Responsibility
4.1. The head of the cargo and commercial work service is responsible for non-fulfillment or untimely fulfillment of the duties assigned by this job description and (or) non-use of the granted rights.
4.2. The head of the cargo and commercial work service is responsible for non-compliance with internal labor regulations, labor protection, safety precautions, industrial sanitation and fire protection.
4.3. The head of the cargo and commercial work service is responsible for the disclosure of information about the organization (enterprise/institution) related to trade secrets.
4.4. The head of the cargo and commercial work service is responsible for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of the requirements of internal regulatory documents of the organization (enterprise/institution) and legal orders of management.
4.5. The head of the cargo and commercial work service is responsible for offenses committed in the course of his activities, within the limits established by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation.
4.6. The head of the cargo and commercial work service is responsible for causing material damage to the organization (enterprise/institution) within the limits established by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation.
4.7. The head of the cargo and commercial work service is responsible for the unlawful use of the granted official powers, as well as their use for personal purposes.
