On the third of November, on the eve of the Day of National Unity, an educational action "Great Ethnographic Dictation" was held in our country. In our region, it took place at 13 sites, including the Kalachinsky district. The Kalachin people were the first of the municipalities to join the ethnographic dictation.

At the site in the Regional Center for Public Relations, members of the Public Chamber of the Omsk Region and regional ministers, as well as their deputies, answered the questions of the dictation.

The Minister of Education of the Omsk Region Tatyana Dernova believes that adults should be a positive example for children.

“Any such event motivates you to search for information. Our region is multinational. There are various educational institutions on the territory. Including the ethnic component. For example, this year, Kazakh centers have been opened. And I, as a minister, must know the culture and customs of peoples in order to lead the education system " - Tatyana Dernova stressed.

Also, the head of regional education authorities noted that the new educational standards make it possible to include an ethnographic component in the main subjects: history, social science.

“Our Institute for the Development of Education has prepared a unique manual -“ Little residents of the Omsk Priirtyshie ”. Many teachers are already actively working on it: they tell the children about their native land, the specifics and customs of the local population. In addition, classes are often held in local history museums. And almost every school has its own museum about the history of the settlement ”, - said Tatiana Dernova.

Also, the Minister of Education decided, after the dictation, to be sure to look in reference books and encyclopedias to check if she answered correctly.

According to the Minister of Sports of the region Dmitry Krikoryants, his family is multinational, so the topic of ethnography has always been interesting to the minister.

“We have Germans, Poles, Russians, and Armenians in our genealogy. And if you dig deeper, into the third, fourth or fifth knee, there will be even more nationalities. Therefore, the national question, in the good sense of these words, has always interested me. I am interested in the cultural layer in the history of this or that nation. In Soviet times, we all knew that we had 15 union republics, and all of us together were the Soviet people. And today we know that we have over 200 nationalities. And penetration into history, the life of every nation is interesting, because I am here today ”, - said Dmitry Krikoryants.

The Deputy Minister of Culture of the Omsk Region Anna Statva also came to the dictation. She admitted that once, as a geographer by education, she taught ethnogeography, and decided to test herself.

“On November 26, at the geographical dictation, I will act as a reader at my native pedagogical university, and today I came to test my knowledge, to what extent it has survived. The topic interests everyone, ” - Anna Statva emphasized.

At a quarter of an hour, the director of the Siberian branch of the Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage named after V.I. DS Likhacheva Irina Selezneva, who said that this year the ethnographic dictation had increased its status compared to last year, went to the international level. The number of sites has also increased. If last year the Russians wrote the dictation on 800 sites, then this year there are three times more of them - 2500.

“What did the results of last year show? The younger the participant of the action, the less correct answers he has,- noted Selezneva. - Therefore, it is necessary for all branches of government, educational, cultural institutions, public organizations to pay even more attention to the national issue. "

The specificity of the current dictation, according to the ethnographer, is the presence of a regional component. 20 questions of the ethnographic dictation concern the knowledge of the all-Russian scale, 10 - the Siberian one. Selezneva expressed the hope that the dictation would become an impetus for the study of national cultures and generally broaden the horizons of the action participants.

We add that the ethnographer talked about everything against the background of a video presentation of the project. And everyone who looked at it carefully saw tips for answering questions. And the questions, like last year, were not easy. For example: who is the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation? It turns out her multinational people. Or: for what purpose did Tatar women wear raisin cloth bibs? And how do you like the question of what kind of folk craft did Maria Sycheva (Uglovskaya), the first woman dedicated to the secret of drawing drawings from a special alloy on metal, work? What is the name of the Lezghin dance, similar to the Russian round dance? Or here's another question: how many Russian fairy tales were included in Afanasyev's collection? Answer options - from 6 to 60 thousand. It turns out 60.

For Minister Krikor'yants, the question of which dwelling representatives dug for themselves a dwelling on the hillside, making an entrance-corridor from the side of the river, turned out to be difficult. Such a building was called karamo, and often it was possible to swim into it only by boat. The Selkups lived in such dugouts, but, for example, I found out about this in the editorial office, having looked on the Internet.

So the Minister of Education Tatiana Dernova was right: at home, all the participants in the action will definitely check whether they answered the dictation questions correctly. And this is one of the tasks of the action - to awaken the interest of Russians in the national question.

But the Minister of Sports had another idea after the action: to come up with a sports dictation.

We add that Omsk journalists did not stay away from the international action. Many, including the editors of Omskaya Pravda and Omskiy Vestnik, came to the site at the House of Journalists.

1. The bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in Russia according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation is (select one correct option from the list below)
   1. Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
   2. President of Russian Federation
   3. State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
   4. multinational people of the Russian Federation
   show Answer: multinational people of the Russian Federation
2. Russia has historically developed as a multinational state. Determine the sequence of the voluntary entry of the territories listed below into the Russian state, if it is known that the Republic of Khakassia is celebrating its 290th anniversary this year as part of Russia, and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - 385th anniversary.
   1. The Republic of Ingushetia
   2. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
   3. The Republic of Khakassia
   4. Udmurtia
   show Answer: 4 - 2 - 3- 1
3. Wooden architecture has a long history in Russia and, thanks to skilled craftsmen, is known far beyond its borders. No wonder the oldest Russian monastery, founded in the 10th century on Mount Athos, is called "Xilurgu", which means "woodworm", "carpenter". Masterpieces of wooden architecture are preserved in open-air museums in many regions of our country: in the Irkutsk region - in Taltsy, not far from Veliky Novgorod - in Vitoslavlitsy, in the Arkhangelsk region - in Malye Korely.

   In which region is the world famous museum-reserve "Kizhi"
   (choose one correct option from the list below)?

   1. Republic of Karelia
   2. sevastopol
   3. Udmurtia
   4. moscow city
   show Answer: Republic of Karelia
4. Correlate the names of sacred scriptures or vaults of sacred texts, as well as the types of temples with the traditional religions of Russia
   (write the answer in the format A - 1; B - 2, etc.):

   A. Islam
   B. Buddhism
   B. Judaism
   D. Christianity

   1. Tripitaka, stupa
   2. Quran, mosque
   3. Tanakh, synagogue
   4. Bible, church
   show Answer: A - 2, B - 1, C - 3, D - 4.
5. 65 years ago Rasul Gamzatov wrote the poem "Soldiers of Russia" about the heroic crew of the T-34 tank, who performed a feat during the liberation of the Crimea from the Nazi occupation in April 1944. The tank's crew consisted of seven Russians and a representative of one of the peoples of the North Caucasus - Hero of the Soviet Union Magomed-Zagid Abdulmanapov. Below is an excerpt from this poem: Sleep in Simferopol in the grave
   Seven Russians and ___ ??? ___, my fellow countryman.
   Above them a tank, their monument to a soldier,
   Still keeps traces of past attacks,
   And gratefully led the country
   Their names are on the marble slab.

   Insert the missing word (choose one correct option from the list below):

   1. chechen
   2. avar
   3. dargin
   4. nogai
   show Answer: Avar
6. Many enlighteners of Russia, who showed concern for the development of national languages, at the same time sought to familiarize the peoples with the all-Russian culture and history, taught love for both small and large Motherland - Russia. Among them one can name the great enlightener of the Chuvash people Ivan Yakovlev, the Bashkir people - Miftakhetdin Akmulla. The name of Mikhail Chevalkov means a lot to Altai and Teleuts.

   Determine which nation's son was the enlightener Kayum Nasyri
   

   1. tatars
   2. mansi
   3. ingush
   4. udmurts
   show Answer: Tatars
7. In the city of Yakutsk in 2005, an unusual family monument was unveiled, embodying the friendship between Yakuts and Russians. The sculptural composition presents: the father is a Russian explorer and the Cossack chieftain, the mother is the Yakut beauty Abakayade Syuchu, their son Lyubim.
   What is the name of the father of the family - the great Russian explorer
   (choose one correct option from the list below).
   1. Nikolay Miklukho-Maclay
   2. Peter Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky
   3. Semyon Dezhnev
   4. Vitus Bering
   show Answer: Semyon Dezhnev
8. Appaz Iliev is the oldest person in Russia. On March 1, 2017, he turned 121. In his recent interview, answering the question of what is most important today for the residents of a multinational, multimillion-dollar Russia, the long-liver said: “Russians should always tell the truth, live in justice, then there will be benefits. If today you live in truth, then tomorrow there will be a normal life. (...) Today we have a just ruler in our country, take all the good from this situation. " 43 families live in the village of the oldest man, and all bear the same surname - the Ilievs.

   Name the region where this village is located
   (choose one correct option from the list below).

   1. Nizhny Novgorod Region
   2. Orenburg region
   3. The Republic of Ingushetia
   4. Altai region
   show Answer: The Republic of Ingushetia
9. It is known that the outstanding Russian poet A.S. Pushkin was greatly influenced by his nanny Arina Rodionovna, who, according to one version, was of Finno-Ugric origin and was from the village of Lampovo in Ingermanlandia. Currently, Ingrian people live mainly in Russia.
   Indicate in which regions (select two correct options from the list below).
   1. kaliningrad
   2. Udmurtia
   3. st. Petersburg, Leningrad region
   4. Republic of Karelia
   show Answer: 3, 4.
10. In the twentieth century in our country, among the masters of folk crafts, who were previously considered "male", there were outstanding masters - women. Manaba Omarovna Magomedova became the first woman in Dagestan to devote herself to jewelry processing of metal. The first woman engraver in Chukotka was Vera Aromke Emkul. The first artist to paint Palekh lacquer miniature was Sofia Mikhailovna Golikova (Vakurova).
    Name the famous folk craft in which Maria Alekseevna Sycheva (Uglovskaya) worked - the first woman dedicated to the secret of drawing drawings from a special alloy on metal
    (choose one correct option from the list below).
    1. soldered filigree
    2. artistic bone carving
    3. veliky Ustyug silver blackening
    4. dymkovo toy
    show Answer: Veliky Ustyug silver blackening
11. "Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern - a man and a ship" - the well-known words of the postman Pechkin from the favorite children's cartoon. Under the command of Admiral I.F. Kruzenshtern made the first Russian round the world trip. Ivan Fedorovich for the first time mapped most of the coast of Sakhalin and described the life and customs of the indigenous inhabitants of this island.
    List them among the peoples listed below
    (choose two correct options from the list below).
    1. udmurts
    2. nivkhs
    3. lezgins
    show Answer: nivkhs, ainu.
12. Tatar craftswomen made izu (iliizu) cloth bibs for women's clothing, skillfully decorating them with silk and gold-woven ribbons. Raisin was worn only by married women.
    For what purpose (choose one correct option from the list below)?
    1. just to show wealth
    2. for wind protection
    3. exclusively as decoration
    4. hide the chest slit of a woman's dress
    show Answer: hide the chest slit of a woman's dress
13. One of the most famous military pilots of the Great Patriotic War, a Lak on his father's side and a Crimean Tatar on his mother's, at the age of 25 he became twice Hero of the Soviet Union. In total, during the war, he made 603 sorties, conducted 150 air battles, in which he personally shot down 30 and as part of a group of 19 enemy aircraft.
    Give his name (choose one correct option from the list below).
    1. Amet-Khan Sultan
    2. Vladimir Kokkinaki
    3. Alexey Maresyev
    4. Alexander Pokryshkin
    show Answer: Amet-Khan Sultan
14. The dances of every nation of Russia have made a unique contribution to the culture of our country. At the same time, folk art has a lot in common, for example, circular dances: among the Buryats it is Yokhor, among the Ossetians - simd, among the Russians - a round dance.
    What is the name of a similar dance among Lezgins (choose one correct option from the list below)?
    1. yalli yar
    2. karagod
    3. lady
    show Answer: yalli yar
15. During the Patriotic War of 1812, the French army called the representatives of this people "cupids of the north" for their virtuoso archery. Who are you talking about (choose one correct option from the list below)?
    1. russians
    2. karelians
    3. bashkirs
    4. Kchechens
    show Answer: Bashkirs
16. One of the most famous collectors of Russian fairy tales was Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev. He has published more than 70 articles devoted to the study of the fairy-tale legends of the Russian people, including "The grandfather of the brownie", "Zoomorphic deities among the Slavs", "Poetic legends about the heavenly luminaries." In addition, A.N. Afanasyev published the collection "Russian folk tales".
    Indicate how many fairy tales were included in this collection (choose one correct option from the list below).
    1. 60000
    show Answer: 600
17. Altai folk storytellers, kaichs, accompany their narration with the accompaniment of an unusual instrument reminiscent of a dombra - topshura. This instrument is made from a single piece of cedar, sacred to the Altaians.
    What are the strings for this instrument made of (choose one correct option from the list below)?
    1. leather
    2. horsehair
    3. nettle
    4. from veins and intestines of animals
    show Answer: horsehair
18. In the traditional cuisine of many peoples of Russia there are drinks made from sour milk: Tatars, Bashkirs, Kalmyks, Altai and others - katyk, ayran, kumys; the Chechens and Ingush have a yeshura.
    What is the name of a fermented milk drink in traditional Russian cuisine (choose one correct option from the list below)?
    1. suorat
    2. varenets
    3. yogurt
    show Answer: varenets
19. The defense of this fortress - from the morning of June 22 to September 1941 - is an example of fearlessness, valor and heroism of the Soviet people. It has been established that soldiers of more than 30 nationalities stood to death here, demonstrating loyalty to the friendship of the peoples of our multinational homeland.
    What kind of fortress are you talking about (choose one correct option from the list below)?
    1. Brest Fortress
    2. Kronstadt fortress
    3. Peter-Pavel's Fortress
    4. fortress Oreshek
    show Answer: Brest Fortress
20. It is known that by the decree of Peter I, the holy book of Muslims, the Koran, and the biography of the Prophet Muhammad were translated into Russian for the first time.
    And by whose decree was the Qur'an first published in typography using public funds (select one correct option from the list below)?
    1. Catherine II the Great
    2. Ivan IV the Terrible
    3. Vladimir the Great
    4. Yaroslav the Wise
    show Answer: Catherine II the Great
21. Saint Innocent (Benjaminov), Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna, Archbishop of Kamchatka, Kuril and Aleutian, spent many years in the Far East of Russia, traveling on dogs and deer in the northern lands. With his meekness and friendliness, he earned the love of the Aleuts, Koryaks, Chukchi and Tungus, built schools for them, taught the children himself, for the first time studied the life and traditions of these indigenous peoples.
    Indicate the city, one of the founders of which was the saint and the name to which he gave (select one correct option from the list below).
    1. Blagoveshchensk
    2. Moscow
    3. Vladimir
    4. Vladivostok
    show Answer: Blagoveshchensk
22. “Samoyed”, “Dzhigit”, “Kalmyk”, “Yakut” are:
    1. historical names of the ships of the Russian Navy
    2. settlement names
    3. names of folk dances
    4. ways of tying marine rigging knots
    show Answer: historical names of the ships of the Russian Navy
23. Bely Island is located in the Kara Sea and is the northernmost territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. For the Nenets, it has long been sacred. It was forbidden to put chum and take women to the island: according to local beliefs, the owner of the island, Sir Irik, does not like this very much.
    Sir Irik is translated into Russian as (select one correct option from the list below):
    1. White Tsar
    2. White Old Man
    3. White Wind
    4. White Hunter
    show Answer: White Old Man
24. Orthodox saints Peter and Fevronia are the patrons of the family and marriage. What city was their life connected with (choose one correct option from the list below)?
    1. with Vladimir
    2. with Murom
    3. with Suzdal
    4. with Moscow
    show Answer: with Murom
25. Which of the ancient cities of Crimea began the spread of Christianity in Russia (select one correct option from the list below)?
    1. Korsun (Chersonesos settlement in Sevastopol)
    2. Cafe (Feodosia)
    3. Panticapaeum (Kerch)
    4. Kerkinitida (Evpatoria)
    show Answer: Korsun (Chersonesos settlement in Sevastopol)
26. Representatives of this people dug a dwelling for themselves on the slope of a hill or mountain, making an entrance-corridor from the side of the river. Such a building was called "karamo" and often it was possible to swim into it only by boat.
    For representatives of what people are such buildings typical (select one correct option from the list below)?
    1. ossetians
    2. yakuts
    3. selkups
    4. tatars
    show Answer: Selkups
27. Lake Svetloyar is located in the Nizhny Novgorod region, with which the legend of Kitezh-grad is associated.
    They have settled on the shores of the lake since the 17th century (choose one correct option from the list below):
    1. mari
    2. udmurts
    3. russians
    4. tatars
    show Answer: Russians
28. This religious building was erected in 1823 in Moscow on the territory of the Tatar settlement in memory of the heroism of the Muslim soldiers, shown by them in the Patriotic War of 1812. It was closed in 1939 and reopened in 1993.
    Name it (choose one correct option from the list below).
    1. Complex of mosques Inam and Yardyam in Otradnoye
    2. Cathedral of Christ the Savior
    3. Pokrovsky stavropegic convent
    4. Moscow Historical Mosque
    show Answer: Moscow Historical Mosque
29. Military topographer Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev and a hunter, a native of the Ussuri region, Dersu Uzala, walked together for many kilometers of taiga and became good friends. VC. Arseniev wrote two books about his guide: "Across the Ussuri region" and "Dersu Uzala".
    What nationality did Dersu Uzala consider himself to be (choose one correct option from the list below)?
    1. russian
    2. greek
    3. chechen
    4. gold
    show Answer: gold
30. Who is the author of the lines:
    “Forgetting my native language - I will be numb. Having lost Russian, I will become deaf ”show Answer: Tanzilya Zumakulova

Attention! If you have not passed the dictation yet, but want to do it, first take the test on the website miretno.ru (it is available until 23:59 on November 5), and only then read how the residents of Belgorod coped with it.

Kristina Kravtsova, student of BSIIK:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“The most difficult question for me was about folk crafts that were considered masculine. At a certain point, women began to master such crafts.

It was necessary to name the folk craft in which she became famous Maria Sycheva... Variants of answers were given: Dymkovo toy, artistic bone carving, blackening and soldered filigree. I thought for a long time between the second and third options, chose the second (in fact, Maria Alekseevna led the artel for the Velokoustyug silver blackening - ed.).

Easy questions were at the beginning about the Constitution. She also immediately answered the question of which fortress was defended from June to September 1941. This, of course, is the Brest Fortress. "

Vladimir Merenkov, worker of Belenergomash:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“The questions about the modern history of our state seemed easy. Difficult for me were those associated with the peoples of our country. While I do not know much about all peoples.

You should always engage in self-development, and participation in educational events contributes to this. It is difficult to prepare for an ethnographic dictation: you can never guess what the questions will be about. Intuition and ingenuity are the main helpers.

Last year I got 80 points. Let's see how it goes this time. "

Viktoria Selikhova, student of BSIIK:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“It was difficult for me to answer questions about the northern peoples, because I know practically nothing about them. The tasks about our region seemed easy, because at the institute we study the traditions of the Belgorod region (a girl is studying to be a director - ed.).

It is very interesting to learn the history of not only your region, but also other places. It seems to me that every person should be educated in this area as well. It is a shame not to know the history of our country.

To be honest, I did not prepare in any way: all I answered was my knowledge. Today I learned a lot about other nations. So it's a rewarding experience. "

Tatyana Yakunina, folk singing teacher at the Belarusian State Institute of Culture and Arts:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“Unfortunately, I didn’t have enough application form, but I came to support my students. After the dictation, they shared what questions caused the difficulty.

For example, the question about Semyon Dezhneve... Few people know that in Yakutsk there is a monument to his family, which is a symbol of friendship between Yakuts and Russians. The question says that the head of the family is a Russian trailblazer and a Cossack, and the participants must give his name.

Another difficult question was about folk dances: we mainly study local choreography, get acquainted with the traditions of neighboring regions. We go through the dances of other regions in general terms. Therefore, not everyone was able to answer the question of what kind of circular dance the Lezghins had ”.

Ilya Romanov, student of BelSU:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“I really like these promotions: I always participate and test my knowledge. I study at the Faculty of Geography, so I'm especially interested.

Fairy-tale questions seemed easy to me: for example, it was necessary to determine the homeland of the Snow Maiden. I think many people know that this is Kostroma.

There were questions related to the Udmurts and Karelians, about which not many people know anything. But it seems to me that the purpose of the dictation is to introduce people to such peoples. It would be great if the organizers later released a book that would tell in detail about the topics covered.

It was interesting to work with the tasks: many had hints right in the text of the question. So even someone new to the topic had a chance to respond. Of course, 45 minutes is not enough for 30 tasks, I wanted to think a little more. But I hope I did well. "

Alexey Degtyar, student of BSIIK:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“Nowadays young people are not very interested in the history of the country: students know little, for example, about the peoples who live on Sakhalin.

It was easy for me to answer questions about the Great Patriotic War. There were interesting questions about folk costumes: it was necessary to compare how different peoples dress. I also liked the question about our mythology about Baba Yaga and Kikimora. It was difficult for me to determine which people the poetic lines were written about.

I sat for a long time over the tasks of the dictation. I didn't want to make a lot of mistakes, but I think there are some and the result will be average. All results are anonymous, so this is a test of knowledge for yourself. "

Recorded by Natalia Malykhina

Ethnographic dictation: what questions turned out to be the most difficult for Kazan residents

Do you know the culture of your home country well? And the region? This knowledge could be tested by writing the Great Ethnographic Dictation. This year, residents of 85 regions of Russia and 11 countries of the near abroad are taking it out. We asked why people on a working day are ready to sit at their desks and answer questions about the peoples of the country

This year one could check one's ethnographic literacy in Kazan at two sites: at the House of Friendship of the Peoples of the Republic of Tatarstan and at the Kazan Federal University. In the regions of the republic, 20 sites were organized for those wishing to join the cultural and educational action.

At the entrance to the dictation, everyone was given identification numbers by which you can find out your results. At 10 o'clock, the volunteers handed out question forms. It doesn't look like dictation, but rather like the Unified State Exam, only without ringing frames, controllers, and selected phones. But the organizers did not recommend using "cheat sheets" and googling answers on the Internet, because dictation is a test of knowledge, otherwise what's the point?

Maybe because the action took place on a working day, there were not many people willing to write a dictation. The area of \u200b\u200bthe House of Friendship of Peoples was only half full.

We came to write an ordinary dictation on the knowledge of the Russian language, came and found that we were writing an ethnographic test, - says before the dictation Fania Gabitova... - Now we are forced to collect all our knowledge, concentrate and remember everything we know about the peoples of our country. But we always hope for good results. Probably there will be questions about traditions, ethnicity of the people, perhaps, about language culture, dances, cuisine, we are ready for them.

The participant was not mistaken in her assumptions. The dictation consisted of 30 test questions. 20 questions are the same for all of Russia and neighboring countries, and 10 are compiled taking into account regional specifics. In Tatarstan, these were questions about Tatar culture, history, customs and outstanding people. For example, the question about the Tatar poet, hero of the USSR, who was born in the Orenburg region. Last year, all issues were federal.

Residents of Russia and foreign countries who speak Russian, regardless of education, social affiliation, religion and citizenship, could become participants in the dictation. The main thing is to be over 15 years old.

Numeral

30 is the maximum amount of points that can be earned for the correct completion of all tasks this year (one point for each correct answer).

45 minutes are given to write the Great Ethnographic Dictation.

No ratings are given - one can know perfectly the history and geography, but not imagine why Tatar women need a raisin bib or what the name of the Kryashen holiday, celebrated on the day of memory of the apostles Peter and Paul, is called.

The texts of the questions contained useful information and history about other similar peoples. For example, in the question about women craftsmen, you can find out that the first woman in Dagestan to process metal jewelry was Manaba Magomedova, and the woman engraver in Chukotka was Vera Emkul. But the craft in which Maria Sycheva became famous had to be named himself.

Retired English teacher Aliya Nurgalieva says that she came to the dictation for fun:

Dictation of medium difficulty. The most difficult were the questions about the diversity of peoples, their customs and traditions ... Dagestanis, Udmurts, Karelians. This dictation makes it possible to understand that we live in a large multinational state and must live in peace and harmony. I think I will have average results, closer to 30. For schoolchildren, the test is still difficult, if only for the 11th grade, and even then for advanced students who are well versed in geography and history, ”she says.

For those who were unable to test their knowledge on regional platforms, an online test is organized on the website of the Great Ethnographic Dictation miretno.ru, which can be passed on November 3 from 10.00 to 5 November until 23.59.

By the way, an hour after the start, 3,425 people wrote online testing.

All-Russian results of the action will be summed up by the Constitution Day of the Russian Federation on December 12. Residents of Tatarstan will be able to find out their results on November 8 on the website of the House of Friendship of the Peoples of the Republic of Tatarstan.

By the way

For the first time, the action "Great Ethnographic Dictation" started in 2016. The dictation was written by almost 90 thousand people: 35 thousand in person and more than 50 thousand - online.

The youngest participant in the dictation was a 12-year-old girl from the Ulyanovsk region, the oldest - an 80-year-old man from Mordovia. The average score for dictation across the country was 54 points out of 100 possible. Tatarstan showed the best result in Russia - the highest average score was 81.3.

There is little information about the remarkable Russian craftsmen who made gold and silver items decorated with niello for many centuries.

This dictionary contains all the data that could be found in the literature and documentary sources

about the life, everyday life, working conditions of masters from the 17th century to the present day. They are very uneven - there is much more information about the masters of the Golden and Silver Chambers of the Moscow Kremlin, less about the silversmiths of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Wherever it turned out to be possible, the names of the masters are associated with their works, the surviving niello items and their storage location are indicated.

The dictionary of masters was compiled on the basis of materials available in the literature and archival funds of Moscow and Leningrad.

17th century

Ageev Matvey, Moscow Silver Chamber of Nielloing Crafts, Honored Master. Known in 1681-1700.

In the documents of the Patriarchal Treasury Order, in the census book of the Sadovnicheskaya Sloboda for 1687, the place where M. Ageev lived is indicated: hounds ... and from that settlement and from the church square, go to Presnya to the right ... the courtyard of the Silver Chamber of the master Matvey Ageev, the length is 21 sazh. in front and in the back 16 sazhens. "

M. Ageev performed numerous works with niello for the palace life, about which information has been preserved:

On December 3, 1684, he was given 15 altyns for the mob for three spoons, which he made in the mansion of Princess Ekaterina Alekseevna. On October 27, 1685, he received 5 altyns "for the composition of the rabble" for the rim of the "faceted" sword to the Armory. On July 25, 1687 M. Ageev received 16 altyn 4 money for the mob for silver vessels for the palace church of St. Catherine. He "directed" mob together with Ivan Yakovlev.

On April 24, 1690, he "drove the mob" into three silver spoons in the mansion of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna and received 45 altyns per spoon.

In August of the same year, he made two nielloed silver spoons for the mansion of Tsarina Praskovya Feodorovna, a nielloed spoon and three buckles for the royal clothes.

On March 11, it was ordered that M. Ageev be given 23 altyns 2 money for gold and black for a silver spoon in the mansion of Princess Natalia Alekseevna.

In 1691, M. Ageev received a salary of 10 rubles a year, fodder for 6 money a day and bread - rye and oats for 7 cheti - one and a half fours. (A four or a quarter is a measure of bulk solids. In the 17th century, in different years, it was equal to about 6-8 poods, that is, 96-128 kilograms. A four is equal to 1/8 of a quarter.) On April 17, 1691, 2 rubles were released 16 altyn 4 money for the mob of the Silver Chamber to the masters of niello Matvey Ageev and his comrades for the manufacture of various small silver items with niello and a mirror machine in the mansion of Tsarina Evdokia Fedorovna.

22 altyns for two niello silver spoons for Tsarina Praskovya Fyodorovna and for trouser buckles to the Workshop Chamber.

On October 4, 1696, according to the tsar's decree, M. Ageev was given 3 altyns 2 money to the mob for a silver spoon in the mansion of Princess Sofia Alekseevna.

In February 1700, after the abolition of the Silver Chamber, he was dismissed from the salaried masters.

His works in the GOP collection: salaries of the Gospels (two) for the palace churches, made together with D. Kuzmin and others in 1681, and a large silver water-blessing bowl with a lid, with nielloed patterns, 1695. The inscription on the bowl: "And the sovereign's Silver Chambers were made by the master Matvey Ageev from naked efimki."

Besekirsky Philip, Moscow Silver Chamber niello master.

In January 1681 he was summoned from Smolensk. I received a salary of 10 rubles a year and fodder - 12 quarters of rye and oat bread.

Bulgakov Ivan Known in 1622-1624. In April 1622, together with V. Malosolts, he made silver carved buttons with niello. In May of the same year, he made a gold carving with niello for the tsar's damask helmet (musatik *).

On September 14, 1624, he was ordered, together with V. Malosolts and I. Gorodchenin, to make "a gold wedge-shaped cap for the cross, the beads are carved with niello."

Varfolomeev Semyon, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in the years 1680-1687. In 1680 he was an apprentice of the Silver Chamber, a goldsmith. In 1682 he became a master. He made nielloed silver frames for twelve walrus bone shafts, for which he received 94 spool of "efimo" silver (ie, silver of 82 tests). In 1687, among 19 craftsmen, he was sent to Sevsk "for the sovereign affairs". This year I received a salary of 10 rubles and daily food for 6 money a day.

Vlasov Pavel, Moscow Silver Chamber master.

On February 28, 1622, he was given 20 gold spool and ordered to make "two gold carved bells with niello" for sending to Constantinople.

Ganka, Moscow master of carving and nielloing.

On May 15, 1622, he was ordered to make fifteen silver buttons for the royal clothes, carved with niello.

Grigoriev Semyon (Senka), Moscow Silver Chamber stern master. On July 17, 1623, he was given the opportunity to make silver buttons, carved with niello, for the royal clothes.

Ivanov Zakhar, Moscow Silver Chamber master.

Ivanov Peter, Moscow Silver Chamber of Nielloes, Honored Master. Known in 1686-1709. In the documents of the Patriarchal Treasury Order, in the census book of the Sadovnicheskaya Sloboda for 1687, the place where Pyotr Ivanov lived is indicated: "from the Presnya River to the Clay Pits of the Slobodka ... the courtyard of the Silver Chamber of master Pyotr Ivanov, length 9 ½ fathoms, crosswise at the front end 6 sazhen, in the back identity "In 1687, he was sent among 19 craftsmen to Sevsk - for the sovereign's silver business. I received a salary of 10 rubles a year, without food. He performed many works for the palace life.

In 1686, he made nielloed silver frames for four amber crosses, silver, "with the Turks niello" a set and a glass in the mansion of Princess Feodosia Alekseevna and a garter for Tsarevich Peter Alekseevich. In 1687 he made a silver and niello frame for a cleaver in the Armory, received 6 altyn 4 money for the mob. In 1690 he made a silver spoon with niello in the mansion of Princess Natalya Alekseevna.

In 1696, together with Vasily Kononov, he made an estimate for the work of a silver scabbard with niello for two marching cleavers. On February 2, 1697, P. Ivanov was ordered to make nielloed silver frames for 24 cuttings for table knives and forks. From March 27, 1691, P. Ivanov received a salary of 10 rubles a year, fodder for 6 money per day, bread - rye and oats - "7 chetas for half a four". After the reduction of the staff of the Silver Chamber craftsmen in February 1700, Pyotr Ivanov was dismissed and worked in the Silver Row.

His works: in the collection of the GOP - a ladle of 1689 (signed by the master), glasses of 1704 and 1708; in the collection of the State Historical Museum - glasses of 1702, 1703 and no date; hanging inkwell with peppercorns; in the collection of the Gorky Art Museum - a glass of 1709.

Kononov Vasily, Moscow Silver Chamber niello master, student of Osip Astrakhants.

Known from 1678-1700. From 1678-1686 he worked as a student. In 1686 he received 5 rubles for instruments and began to work separately from his teacher. During his apprenticeship, he received 6 money per day of daily food. He had a courtyard in Bronnaya Sloboda, on a draft land: "a double on blind basements, a canopy, a fence with a gate, everything is dilapidated."

In 1686 he made a nielloed silver border for a large silver lamp in the Cathedral of the New Devichy Monastery. He was given 10 altyns for the mobile.

In 1687 he made chernev.evangelists "for the salary of the Gospel in the palace church of St. Catherine. He received 10 altyns for the mob.

In 1689-1691 he received a salary of 35 rubles a year

31 altyn 4 money. In 1690 he made a nielloed silver head in the mansion of Tsarina Martha Matveyevna.

In December 1691 V. Kononov, T. Kostrikin and other craftsmen were given 2 rubles 16 altyn 4 money for various silver and niello works in the mansion of Tsarina Natalia Kirillovna for the mob.

In 1692, together with P. Ivanov, he made an estimate for the work of silver and niello frames for the scabbards of two traveling cleavers.

In 1700, due to the abolition of the Silver Chamber, he was dismissed. His works are large silver lamps in the Museum of the New Devichy Monastery, made in 1686-1687 together with I. Yakovlev.

Kostrikin Timofey, Moscow Silver Chamber niello master. Known in 1683-1700.

In 1683, he was given 5 rubles to buy 134 silver tools. On May 20, T. Kostrikin "and his comrades" made an estimate for the mob, which had to be "brought" to three bags ("hamaleyks") in the mansion of Tsarevich Pyotr Alekseevich and demanded 30 altyns. Kostrikin was supposed to "appoint different herbs and cut and draw in niello" three bags ("hamaleyks".)

In the years 1687-1690, he received a salary of 10 rubles a year and 6 money per day for feed. From March 27, 1691, he received only 10 rubles 31 altyn 4 money a year, and did not receive a salary.

In 1700 he was dismissed from the Silver Chamber.

Kutnev Maxim Semenov, Moscow Silver Chamber of Ship and Nielloing Craftsmaster. Known in 1676-1700.

In 1676-1677 he was admitted to the Silver Chamber as a stern master. According to the testimony of the masters Fyodor Mikulaev "with the comrades" Kutnev "skillfully against the master Mikhail Mikhailov", therefore he was assigned a salary of 10 rubles a year and "bread - rye and oats for 12 cheti".

In 1687, among 10 craftsmen, he was sent to Sevsk "for the sovereign's silversmithing". He worked in the Silver Chamber until 1700.

Malosolets Vasily, Moscow Silver Chamber master, known in the years 1622-1624.

On April 2, 1622, he was ordered to make, together with Ivan Bulgakov, silver buttons with niello and carving.

On June 20 of the same year he made "a gold carved flask with niello and a stone for the sovereign's battle watch", for which he received 2 hryvnia gold.

On April 16, 1624, Vasily Malosolts was given gold for the gilding of thirty-four silver nails "carved with niello" made by him. He began to make these nails on October 30, 1623. On September 14, 1624, "it was ordered to make a gold wedge-shaped cap, bodily to the cross, carved with niello," were made by V. Malosolets, I. Bulgakov and I. Gorodikin. Chain weight ½ hryvnia.

Mikulaev Fedor, Moscow Silver Chamber chased and niello master. Known in 1663-1680. A student of the Greek masters I. Yuriev and L. Konstantinov. He lived in the courtyard on Pankratyevskaya Street behind the Sretensky Gate. Admitted to the Silver Chamber in 1663 as a stern master.

In 1664 he received a salary of 10 rubles a year, bread - rye and oats - 24 cheti.

On March 24, 1665, he was awarded 5 rubles for the fact that he "was a student of the Tsaregorod residents with Ivan Yuriev and Leonty Konstantinov and learned the niello business and made a nielloed octagonal plate for the great emperor in a tray." His students in 1676 - Semyon Panteleev Masalitin, in 1677 - Mikula Andreev, in 1679 - Ivan Yakovlev.

Mikhailov Mikhail, Moscow Silver Chamber niello master. Known in 1664-1685.

In October 1664 he was sent, together with A. Pavlov, to study gold and silver art from the Greek masters I. Yuriev and L. Konstantinov. His salary was 10 money per day.

On October 13 he was given a fur coat, a hat and boots. On July 3, 1665, he was granted 4 arshins of cloth from the state order for the fact that he "learned the silver niello business from the citizens of Tsarevgorod and made ... to Tsarevich Simeon Alekseevich a stavchik with a black tire and gilded",

From December 31, 1655, he was assigned a salary of 10 rubles a year and bread - "rye and oats - 24 cheti".

On March 14, 1670 M. Mikhailov was instructed "to make ... to the Armory Chamber to the mirrors with new floodlights, gilded silver with niello carved - 6 buckles, the same number of tips, 12 sewing stitches, 700 nails (500 large articles and 200 smaller ones)". He had to make a "voruda" ps model. On July 17, 1676, M. Mikhailov and A. Pavlov made silver and niello frames for four stone cuttings of forks in the mansion of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich. In April 1677 M. Mikhailov made silver gilded with niello eight parts of the frame for "German wood machines for pistol flood barrels" by Philip Timofeev and for them "four pipes, two mufflers and two heels" weighing 9 spools. The frames were made "in a tray" to the emperor for the Easter holiday. On May 30 of the same year, he received 4 1/3 arshins of cloth karmazin "for a lot of work that he did with his comrades - silver frames with niello for the saddles of the great sovereign."

In January 1680, together with the masters S. Chekalin and

A. Pavlov made from 1 pound of silver church vessels "with Turks niello", a bowl of water and a setting for the Gospel - to the monastery of Nil Stolbensky.

In 1682 he received a salary of 15 rubles a year and bread - "rye and oats - 15 cheti each."

On February 4, 1682, he was ordered to make "hastily" in the stable order "a silver bridle frame and bring the rabble". April 8 of the same year, together with A. Pavlov and Yves. Yakovlev received 4 rubles 20 altyn for the mob for three silver saddle frames, one for bridle and two for sabers, which were made "on a tray" to the sovereign for the Easter holiday.

On April 13, 1682, M. Mikhailov made four circles with "nakoneshniki", "tie with the Turks niello" weighing 22 ½ of the spool, in the royal mansion.

His work in the GOP collection is a silver stake with niello, which he made together with A. Pavlov in 1685 for Tsarevna Sophia Alekseevna. 4

Boris Nekrasov, Moscow Silver Chamber master of carving and nielloing. Known in 1622-1624.

On June 2, 1622, he was ordered to make a silver brother "spoon", a chased spoon, another carved with niello.

Pavlov Andrey, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in 1663-1685. Disciple of the master P. Fedorov and the Greek masters I. Yuriev and L. Konstantinov. In 1680 he lived in Pankratyevskaya Sloboda behind the Sretensky Gate, in the courtyard of the master Fyodor Mikulaev for debts. Later this courtyard was given to Prince D. Kuchumov, and Andrei Pavlov and two comrades were forced to "wander between the courtyard."

On December 1, 1663, A. Pavlov was admitted to the Silver Chamber, as a disciple to Polykarp Fyodorov. The salary received 4 money per day. In October 1664, he was sent, together with M. Mikhailov, to study with the Constantinople masters who were working at that time in the Silver Chamber. Received a salary of 10 money a day. On August 9, 1666, from the state order, he was issued 4 arshins of cloth karmazin for the fact that he learned nielloing from the Greek masters. As a craftsman, A. Pavlov received a salary of 8 rubles a year, 6 rubles a day for fodder, and 12 rubles for rye and oats bread. On July 7, 1676, together with M. Mikhailov, he made silver and niello frames for stone cuttings of forks in the mansion of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich.

In 1677, also with M. Mikhailov, he made nielloed silver frames for the royal saddles. On February 5, 1677, he received two hryvnias "for the sovereign's saddle frame for the composition of the rabble, for the purchase of lead, hot sulfur, and a pound of red copper."

In 1682, A. Pavlov received a salary of 15 rubles a year and bread - "rye and oats - 15 cheti each."

On April 8, 1682, together with M. Mikhailov and I. Yakovlev, he received 4 rubles 20 altyn for the rabble for three silver saddle frames, one for bridle and two for sabers, which were made "on a tray" to the emperor for the Easter holiday.

His work in the GOP collection is a silver with niello, which he made in 1685 together with M. Mikhailov for Princess Sophia Alekseevna.

Pestrikov Tretyak, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in the years 1617-1624. Sometimes he worked with his son.

In 1622, Pestrikov made, according to the tsar's decree, the figure of a "fallen ox" with gold wrought-iron legs, a head and racks. "Signatures and clips and descents carved with niello". In 1624, for the christening of Prince Yakov Cherkassky, he made a golden cross-vest "with niello and with a stone" weighing 5 spools. In July of the same year, Tretyak Pestrikov and his son were instructed to make for the tsar a golden ladle with precious stones, pearls and overhead “cloaks” carved with niello and with “cutting”.

On 17 August, together with Ivan Popov, he made gold with carvings and niello for the diadem. He made eight "icon cases" and four round ones (the rest were done by Popov).

His work in the collection of the GOP is a golden ladle of 1624 with niello, pearls and precious stones, which he did together with his son.

Popov Dmitry, Moscow Silver Chamber master, known in the years 1624-1645.

In 1624 he made two carved gold clips with niello for two damask helmets ("musatkas").

In 1645 he is mentioned among the masters brought to the "kiss of the cross".

Popov Ivan, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in 1619-1637.

On September 11, 1622, he was ordered to make a golden cross-vest with niello and with a "worm-like yacht" (ie, a ruby) into the head, weighing "eight spools without four money." On December 4 of the same year he was ordered to remove the old frame from the "carnelian wine glass" and make a new gold frame with carving and niello. On July 5, 1624, Ivan Popov was ordered to make with Afanasy Stepanov a golden ladle with stones, pearls and overhead "cloaks" with niello and carving.

On August 17 of the same year, Ivan Popov received an order to make five gold ones with carvings and niello for the diadem (the remaining 12 were made by T. Pestrikov).

On March 24, 1635, Popov was given 4 efimkas weighing 25 1/3 spool buttons for the tsar's opashnya, which he had to make "from a sample, with niello."

His work in the GOP collection is a golden ladle of 1624 with niello, pearls and precious stones, which he did together with Afanasy Stepanov.

Semenov (Simeonov) Afanasy (Ofonka) Ivanov, Moscow Silver Chamber master, Astrakhan equestrian archer. Known in 1662-1664.

In June 1662, a decree was sent to the Astrakhan governor to "find and send to Moscow" for eternal life "with the wife and children of the silver and gold business master Ofonku Ivanov, about whom information was received in Moscow that he was" doing all sorts of silver and gold niello deeds. " It was instructed to announce to A. Semenov "the great emperor's salary", to give him on the road "not poorly for carts, for him with a wife and with children" and "for his master tackle" and urgently send him to Moscow.

In the Silver Chamber A. Semyonov made a silver setting for the saber with niello, stating that "I am not able to do other things, carved and chased."

On May 20, 1664, B. M. Khitrovo listened to A. Semyonov's petition, who asked to let him go back, as he was "weak with falling sickness." A. Semyonov was released to Astrakhan for his former service as a horse archer. He was given 10 rubles for the trip.

Semyonov Stepan, Moscow Silver Chamber niello master. He studied nielloing craft from Greek craftsmen. On November 5, 1666, he received a caftan, a fur coat and boots for poverty.

Timofeev Ivan, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in 1623-1624.

On September 18, 1623 he was given the opportunity to make a "volumetric" buckle and three rings and fasteners, gold carved with niello to a damask helmet ("musatik") ".

Timofeev Trofim, Moscow Silver Chamber of nielloing and carving, a master, son of the Silver Chamber of Timofei Petrov, a grated master of carving and chasing from Nizhny Novgorod. Known in the years 1680-1700.

In 1680 he was admitted to the Silver Chamber "for the work of his father" and he was entitled to a salary of 11 rubles a year and bread - rye and oats - 13 cheti each.

On February 5, 1682, he was instructed to "lead the Russian rabble" of the Evangelists to the silver frame of the Gospel, made in the Silver Chamber "into the wilderness of the Monk Father Nil Stolbensky". T. Timofeev demanded 6 altyn 4 money for the composition of the "Russian" rabble.

In 1685 T. Timofeev received 10 altyns for the mob "for the church silver vessels", which he made for the palace church of Peter and Paul.

In 1687, on January 29, he was given 10 altyns to decorate with niello a silver case for a golden cross in the mansion of Princess Ekaterina Alekseevna.

Since 1691, he received a salary and fodder money a year 20 rubles 31 altyn 4 money and bread - rye and oats - "7 couples for half two fours".

He worked in the Silver Chamber until its abolition in February 1700.

Fedorov Anton, a Moscow silver nielloing master, a Turk. Mentioned in 1659.

Fedoseev Ivan, Moscow Silver Chamber niello master. Known in 1684-1691.

In 1684-1686 - student of the Silver Chamber. In 1684, on November 18, he received 6 altyn 4 money for the mob for the silver setting of two scabbards, which he made in the mansion of Tsarevich Peter Alekseevich. On October 2, 1686, I. Fedoseev received 10 altyns for the rabble to a silver stake in the mansion of Princess Sophia Alekseevna.

In 1687 he was sent to Sevsk among the 19 masters "for the sovereign's silversmithing".

I received a salary of 10 rubles a year and 6 money a day in feed.

In 1691, while reducing the staff, I. Fedoseev was dismissed from the Silver Chamber 136.

Chekalo Bartholomew Kuzmin, Moscow Silver Chamber niello master. Known in 1669-1687.

He received a salary of 10 rubles a year, bread - rye and oats - "15 cheti" each.

In 1677, together with M. Mikhailov, he was awarded with crimson cloth (4 ½ arshins) for "a lot of work" on saddles with niello.

In 1680, V. Chekalo and A. Pavlov made nielloed frames for scabbards for 20 damask sabers, of which 10 frames with "grasses" and 10 smooth frames. Buckles, harnesses and sheath tips were made for these sabers.

In 1681, together with D. Kuzmin, he received 23 altyns

2 money "for the composition of the mob for a tip" on the salary boards of the three Gospels in the palace churches of the "Image not made by hands" and "Resurrection".

In 1684 V. Chekalo received 6 altyn 4 money for the rabble "to a silver worker ... who makes in the mansion ... of Princess Natalia Alekseevna".

In 1686, he received 16 altyn 4 money for the mob "for the case of a stavchik in the mansion ... of the princess Feodosia Alekseevna and for two knives of silver frames."

On March 21, 1687, he received 5 altyns for the mob for the work of a silver discos in the palace church of St. Catherine.

On March 25 of the same year, V. Chekalo received 2 rubles for the purchase of an instrument ("he drank German riltsov *) and for the composition of the mob -" 4 altyns for a pound of red copper, 2 altyns for two pounds of hot sulfur; for two pounds of lead 2 altyns. "He was instructed to make for the sovereign" saddle rims with niello. "

Yakovlev Vasily, Moscow Silver Chamber niello master. Known in 1663-1687. From 1677 he received a salary of 10 rubles a year and bread - rye and oats - "12 cheti each." In 1687 - 15 rubles a year and daily food for 6 money per day.

Yakovlev Ivan, Moscow Silver Chamber niello master. Known in 1679-1687. Pupil of Fedor Mikulaev.

December 14, 1679\u003e the master was admitted to the Silver Chamber. In 1680 he was given a salary of 10 rubles a year, rye and oats "12 cheti" each and 5 rubles for tools.

In December 1681, together with D. Kuzmin and "with comrades," he "directed the rabble on the silver boards for the evangelists", on the salary of the Gospel in the palace church of St. Evdokia and the Cathedral of the Savior Image Not Made by Hands.

On March 30, 1682, I. Yakovlev received a pound of "efimo" silver "for the business of two silver cups with the Turks niello". On April 8 of the same year, he was given 5 altyns "for the composition of the rabble ... for bringing two silver cups" to the royal mansions. At the same time, together with M. Mikhailov and A. Pavlov, he received 4 rubles 20 altyn for the mob "for guidance" on three saddle frames, one bridle frame and two saber frames "on a tray" to the emperor for the Easter holiday.

On October 4, 1684, master I. Yakovlev was given 1 ruble of money for the rabble "for the business of a silver mug for Princess Sofia Alekseevna."

On March 21, 1685, he received 16 altyn 4 money for the composition of the rabble "for directing to a nielloed plate in the mansion of Tsar Peter Alekseevich."

On July 25 of the same year I. Yakovlev, together with M. Ageev, received 1 ruble 16 altyn 4 money for the mob, for the church vessels in the palace church of St. Catherine ".

His works in the Museum of the former Novo-Devichy Monastery are two large silver lamps with niello from 1686-1687, made by him together with V. Kononov.

XVIII century

Andreev Petr Grigoriev

Arefiev Andrey, Vologda master of silver and niello. In 1798, he made a silver setting with nielloed bead grinders and carved ornaments for the house gospel of the landowner Semyon Bryanchaninov. The Gospel is kept in the Vologda Regional Museum of Local Lore. On the first sheet there is an ink inscription with the name of the master.

Belkov Alexey Prokopiev, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. Was born in 1783.

Belkov Vasily Prokopiev, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. Was born in 1755. He died in 1810.

Belkov Prokopiy Timofeev, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. He died in 1805.

Buravkin Nikita Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug merchant, master of silver and nielloing of the first half of the 18th century. In 1774 he lived in the town of Soli Vychegodskaya.

Bushkovsky Fyodor Klimov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver, carving and nielloing. Was born in 1778. He died between 1834 and 1836. Known as a master from 1795-1834. In 1823-1825 he was a handicraftsman. He had many students, and also used hired labor. One of the best masters of his time.

His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - needle cases, spoons, mug, snuffbox; in the collection of the CM - snuff boxes.

Grigoriev Ivan, Moscow silversmith, was born in 1721. Known for his works of 1748-1785, in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a silver chalice with niello of 1759.

Grigoriev Yakov, a Moscow silversmith, a priest in the Basmanny settlement. Known in 1703-1706. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are charka; in the GOKM - a cup.

Gushchin Semyon Andreev, Veliky Ustyug merchant and master of silver and niello business. Mentioned in 1760.

Zhilin Ivan Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Was born in 1750. He died around 1810. In 1804-1805 he was elected the head of the craft. The founder of a number of nielloing masters. His son Alexander was one of the best craftsmen of the first half of the 19th century. In addition to his son, Ivan Zhilin had another student - Ivanov Ivan from 1795 to 1800. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - needle cases, boxes, snuff boxes, a cup and saucer; GOP - snuff boxes; KM and MGARKh - altar crosses.

Zhilin Mikhail Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Was born in 1749. Mentioned before 1805. His student was Peter Rusanov from 1790 to 1796. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are snuff boxes.

Zhilin Petr Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Was born in 1755. Known from 1787 to 1821. One of his students was Peter Rusanov, who received the title of master in 1798 and worked until 1840. He also taught silver and niello business to his son Peter (died in 1821).

Zhilin Petr Yakovlev, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Born in 1713, he was the ancestor of many generations of nielloing craftsmen. In 1763 he had three sons: Mikhail - 14 years old, Ivan - 13 years old and Peter - 8 years old.

Ilyin Timofey, a Moscow silversmith from the Luzhnetskaya Sloboda. Known in 1704-1721. His works in the State Historical Museum collection - a glass from 1704.

Kayavkin Vasily Maksimov, Solvychegodsk master of silversmithing. makes with niello and under gold. ”Mentioned in 1722-1723.

Klimshin Andrey Matveev, Veliky Ustyug merchant and master of silver and niello, brother of master Mikhail Klimshin. Mentioned in 1744.

Klimshin Ivan Mikhailov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Known in 1792-1805.

Klimshin Mikhail Matveev, Veliky Ustyug merchant and the best master of silver and niello. Was born in 1711. He died in 1764. In 1745 he was summoned to Moscow to resume the niello art in Moscow, which he taught to the Moscow merchant V. Kunkin.

Kozomanov Semyon Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. From 1796 he studied nielloing skills with Aleksey Prokopyev Belkov.

Konstantin, Solvychegodsky silver and niello master, sexton of the Resurrection Church. It is mentioned in 1722 and 1723: "... the sexton and his father-in-law have a silver business, they do every little thing with black and gilding against samples ... And he, a sexton, studied silver with that father-in-law ..."

Body Semyon Petrov, Moscow silversmith. Mostly a chaser. Known in 1780-1789. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a silver plate with niello stripes and rosettes; in KOKM - the salary of the Gospel.

Kunkin Vasily Matveev, Moscow silversmith, niello master and enamel, merchant of the 1st guild, since 1751 - "manufacturer of gold and silver business" (1726-1762).

V. M. Kunkin was born in Kashin in 1726. Arriving in Moscow, he first organized a workshop, and later, in 1751, a "factory" where hired craftsmen worked.

In 1745, VM Kunkin learned nielloing skills from the Veliky Ustyug master Mikhail Matveyev Klimshin, who was summoned to Moscow to raise nielloing production. In 1751, V. M. Kunkin filed a petition for a monopoly on the production of cult items made of gold and silver in Moscow. At the meeting of the Governing Senate, he presented the things he had made - the image of St. Elizabeth's, executed in niello on gold, and the silver "Evangelists", which were recognized by the members of the Senate as "very skillful work." For comparison, he brought silver items of other masters, "simple and unskilful work". ?

On January 24, 1751, V.M. Kunkin was given a monopoly on the manufacture of church things, which, under the threat of collection, were strictly forbidden to make by other Moscow craftsmen. Since that time, VM Kunkin's workshop was called a "factory" and consisted of numerous craftsmen. In 1752 he wrote: "... And according to that ... permission given to me, I, named, in the production of those holy things before the church, entered and began to distribute, and to that I used my own capital a noble sum and hired artisans and workers people up to seventy people ... And I was named above those masters, as if the manufacturer of that factory, I have only one thing in skill, so that according to my testimony and according to the drawings given to those masters, the noun image would occur without any omission ... "

In 1752, VM Kunkin took over the assay fees and had to support the assay master, smelter, watchman and clerk at his own expense.

Until 1751, V. M. Kunkin branded his products with the name "V. K. On May 27, 1752, a decree was issued, according to which all products produced by the" factory "of Kunkin should have the marks of the master who made the thing and the" manufacturer "V. Kunkina (" P.V.K. *) "And without such marks, things made at the Kunkin's factory cannot be brought to the Trial Chamber. And although they will be brought, they will not be accepted or branded ..."

V.M.Kunkin died in 1762. The monopoly was denied to his heirs.

Maslennikov Yakov Semyonov, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1756-1796. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum are a plaque from a lyadanka.

Mikhailov Ivan, Moscow silversmith, was born in 1705. Known until 1774. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are charka.

Moiseev (Moseev) Yakov Gerasimov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Was born in 1773. Mentioned before 1811. From 1789 to 1794 he studied niello art under Ivan Popov. His students: Koshkov Ivan (1798-1801), Kladovnikov Procopius (1807-1811), Kozulin Aleksey Fedorov (1809-1811). His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - needle holder, spoons, snuff boxes.

Molokov Osip Vasiliev, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. In 1744 he lived in Arkhangelsk.

Milk Prokopiy Osipov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Mentioned in 1787. From 1792 to 1795 he taught Fyodor Klimov Bushkovsky's nielloing skills. He died in 1805.

Molokov Stepan Stepanov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. In 1786 he was a petty officer. He died in 1821.

Moshnin Alexey Ignatiev, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Born in 1721, the son of a silversmith Ignatiy Ivanov Moshnin, who "lived in his own yard." In 1751, Alexei Moshnin and Grigory Shurvin made 4 lamps weighing 1 pood 30.5 pounds from government silver for the Assumption Cathedral in Veliky Ustyug, which was damaged by a fire. Alexey Moshnin was one of the best masters of the Great Ustyug of the 18th century. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - chest, tray.

Ostrovskikh Ivan Alexandrov, Veliky Ustyug master of 138 silver and niello business and carver of seals. Was born in 1759. From 1807 to 1809 he taught the nielloing business of Aleksey Fedorov Kazulin. He died in 1828. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - diskos, snuff boxes, clasp.

Pestovsky Ivan Fedorov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. It has been mentioned since 1787. He died in 1821. His work in the collection of the State Historical Museum is a snuffbox.

Pestorzhevsky Ivan Fedorov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Was born in 1746. In 1806 he was still in the shop.

Petrov Efim, Yakut niello master, tradesman of Yakutsk. In 1798 he made a silver icon with a nielloed image of the Archangel Michael on a horse for a gift to Emperor Paul (in the collection of the State Russian Museum).

Petrov Fedor, Moscow silversmith, later "Alderman of Silver Art". Known in 1760-1789. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are charka.

Plotov Grigory Andreev, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1753-1775. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a silver and niello frame of a coconut goblet.

Popov Ivan Fedorov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Known in 1792 and 1799. From 1789 to 1795 he taught Yakov Gerasimovich Moiseyev in niello. He died in 1805.

Ratkov Alexey Ivanov, Moscow workshop silversmith. Known since 1777. He died in 1821. One of the best masters of his time. His chased and nielloed works are in the collections of the State Historical Museum, GOP and other museums.

Ratkov Grigory Stepanov, Kostroma silversmith, a peasant in the estate of Count V.G. Orlov, the village of Sidorovsky. Known in 1783-1788.

In 1788 he lived in Kostroma on Nikolskaya Street in his own house. Until November 1788 he worked as a non-registered worker. He put the stamp "GR" on his works in a heart-shaped shield.

From his silver works with niello, large oval fractional grinders with nielloed images of "miracles" from the legend of Iksna "The Fyodorovskaya Mother of God", made by him in 1783, have been preserved in the collection of the State Historical Museum and the Kostroma Museum.

Rusanov Petr Prokopiev, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Born in 1776 or 1777, he was a student of Peter Zhilin the Younger from 1790 to 1796. In 1798 he received the title of master, in 1826 - a foreman's comrade, in 1831 - foreman. Mentioned before 1840.

Serebrenikov Pyotr Fedorov, Kostroma silversmith, merchant. Known since 1781, died in 1817. He was admitted to the workshop in 1789. In 1807, a handicraft head. From 1798 to 1817 he was listed as a tradesman. Some of his works in silver with niello are preserved in the State Historical Museum's collection - a foot made by him in the early years of the 19th century, with three oval medallions, in which, against a shot-cut background, there are images in niello of two doves and a cupid on a dolphin.

Fyodor Petrov Studentsov, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1776-1780. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are chalice of 1778.

Shevyakov Vasily Ekimov (Akimov), Kostroma silversmith, tradesman. Known since 1794, died in 1817. In 1794-1795 he worked with brothers Ivan and Fyodor. He was admitted to the workshop in 1801. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum are a fractional mill of 1806.

Shevyakov Ivan Kuzmin, Kostroma silversmith, merchant. Known in 1785-1806. In 1794 he worked with his son Andrey.

His works in the State Historical Museum collection are a silver cap with nielloed images and ornaments.

19th century and early 20th century

Agafonov Vasily Semenovich, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1893-1916. He had a workshop in which he made dishes and various small items.

His works in the State Historical Museum collection are a lemon fork with a nielloed image of the Sukharev Tower.

Bach, St. Petersburg silversmith, master of the second half of the 19th century. At the World's Fair in Philadelphia in 1876, he exhibited silver items with niello (bracelets and a vase).

Buravkin Grigory Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. Born in 1775, died in 1837. In 1817-1831 he was an apprentice with Fyodor Bushkovsky.

Bushkovsky Mikhail Fedorov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business since 1835. Mentioned in 1828-1868.

Vasiliev A. Moscow silversmith, famous in 1860. He had a workshop with 6 workers and 4 students. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a glass.

Vekeva Stefan, St. Petersburg silversmith. Was born in 1833 in Finland. At the age of ten he arrived in St. Petersburg. From 1847 he was an apprentice, from 1856 - a silversmith. He worked in St. Petersburg for the Faberge firm until 1889. Known nielloes of his work. After his death, the business was continued by his son Alexander.

Gorokhovsky, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and nielloging of the first quarter of the 19th century. He was Zilin's best apprentice. After independent work in Ustyug in 1828 he moved to St. Petersburg.

Grechushnikov Matvey, Moscow silversmith. In 1823 he was listed as "eternal guild", later the owner of a workshop of silver products, which later passed to Ivan Grechushnikov. Known in 1818-1840. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are a cup and a cigarette case.

Grikurov, St. Petersburg silversmith, master of the second half of the 19th century. He made silver items of the Caucasian type. Participated in the International Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876.

Gubkin Ivan Semenovich, silversmith, merchant, founder of the silverware factory in 1841. The business was continued by his sons - Sergey and Dmitry. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are niello mugs from 1842 and a glass.

Gubkin Sergey Ivanovich, owner of a silverware factory in Moscow, founded in 1841 by his father Ivan Semenovich Gubkin. Known from 1852 to 1865. His works are in the State Historical Museum collection - a ladle of 1856.

Dalman Alexander Karlovich, owner of a silverware factory in St. Petersburg, founded in 1880. At the World Exhibition in Stockholm in 1897 he received a silver medal for products with niello, such as Caucasian.

Dmitriev M., Moscow silver chasing and nielloing master of the third quarter of the 19th century. Had six workers and ten students. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a spoon in 1861.

Egorov Fedor, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and nielloging of the first quarter of the 19th century, studied with P.P. Zhilin from 1798 to 1803. He was a serf of the nobleman Kozhin.

Zhilin Alexander Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug master of gold, silver and niello business since 1817. Was born in 1800. In 1821 he was a petty officer's comrade. One of the most prominent masters of his time. He died around 1842. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - comb, spoons, eyeglass case, record, glasses, snuff boxes, cup; in the IWU-lamp.

Zhilin Andrey Alexandrov, Veliky Ustyug master of gold, silver and niello, son of master Alexander Zhilin. Was born in 1824. After the death of his father, he remained a thirteen-year-old orphan and studied with an unknown master. In the documents of the Assay Tent for 1842 about Andrei Zhilin it is said: "the gold and silver craftsman Andrei Zhilin, who lives in the city of Veliky Ustyug, in the first part of the first quarter, in a house inherited from his parents along with others under No. 193, having his own workshop in the same house ... "In the salary statements for 1846-1868 A. Zhilin was recorded alone, and in the statement of 1857 - with his brother Ivan and his son.

Zhilin Ivan Alexandrov, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business, was born in 1832, worked together with his brother Andrey Zhilin.

Zalesov Vasily Fedorovich, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and nielloing of the first half of the 19th century.

In the 1920s, he temporarily traveled to St. Petersburg, from where he returned to his homeland, where he was known in 1832-1840. At the 1839 exhibition he exhibited niello products. His work in the State Historical Museum collection is a snuffbox made in St. Petersburg in 1829.

Zuev Alexander Ivanov, Vologda master of silver and nielloing, tradesman (son of master Ivan Zuev). Mentioned in 1854. He died in 1865.

Zuev Ivan Matveev, a famous Vologda silver and nielloing master, was born in 1786, died in 1860.

In 1806-1824 he is referred to as a tradesman, since 1825 - as a merchant. In 1837 his silver works with niello were presented at the Vologda provincial exhibition. Had a son, Alexander Zuev. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a fork, spoons, snuff box, tray; in GOP - snuffbox; in VOKM - salaries for icons and the Gospel. 139?

Igumnov Ivan Matveev, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. Recorded in the payroll of 1846-1880.

Kaltykov Ivan, Moscow silversmith and jeweler. Known in 1820-1834. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - niello snuffboxes of 1828 and a glass.

Kladovikov (Kladovnikov) Andrey Vasiliev, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. Mentioned in 1840 - 1862.

Kladovikov (Kladovnikov) Vasily Lvov, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. Was born in 1786. In 1800 he was a student of the master Vasily Romanov.

Kladovikov Procopius, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business of the first half of the 19th century, from 1807 he studied under the master Ya.G. Moiseev.

Koshkov Ivan Alekseev, the son of a Veliky Ustyug merchant, was born in 1782. In 1798 he became an apprentice to Yakov Moiseev. In 1812-1815 he worked as an apprentice with Fyodor Bushkovsky. He died in 1821.

Koshkov Mikhail Ivanov (1816-1896), Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. Received the title of master in 1838. In 1847 he had his own workshop with seven apprentices and several apprentices. In 1850-1858 - a handicraft head. In 1882 he received an award at the All-Russian Art Exhibition in Moscow. His works are in the State Historical Museum collection: a needle case, teaspoons, thimbles, a ring, a salt shaker, a glass.

Lavrov Martin Nikitin (Mikitin), Moscow silversmith. Known in 1821-1845. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are chalice of 1838.

Mineev Ilya Stepanov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and nielloing, successor to Alexander Zhilin. From 1820 he studied nielloing under F.K.Bushkovsky for six years. Then he worked as an apprentice for Alexander Zhilin, and from 1835 he became a master. In 1838, he had two employees. In 1846 Ilya Mineev was elected the foreman of the silver shop. In 1857 he worked with his son. The name of Ilya Mineev in the salary lists is found for the last time in 1868. He made nielloed silver snuff boxes, panagias, spoons, etc. His works in the State Historical Museum collection - a comb, a clasp, spoons, knife shafts, a glass, snuff boxes.

Mineev Nikolay Ilyin, Veliky Ustyug master of gold, silver and niello. Mentioned in 1877.

Mineev Stepan Sergeev, Veliky Ustyug workshop master of silver and nielloing business. Was born in 1774. He died in 1836.

Motokhov Nikolay Grigoriev, Veliky Ustyug master of "silver carved niello and white works" of the second quarter of the 19th century. The son of the Veliky Ustyug bourgeoisie. Studied nielloing skills with Alexander Zhilin from 1822 to 1829. In 1935 he received the title of master. He mainly made snuff boxes, spoons and other household items. In 1853, Nikolai Motokhov was still on the lists of nielloing masters. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - teaspoons, glass.

Ovchinnikov Pavel Akimov - Founder of a factory of gold and silver products in Moscow in 1853. Known until 1916. From 1873 he had a branch in St. Petersburg, from 1882 - a court supplier, the factory produced various silver items, including niello. At the International Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, products with niello from the Ovchinnikov firm were exhibited. In the collection of the State Historical Museum there is a niello tray, sugar bowl and salt shakers made by the company.

Podyakov Alexey Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business. From 1823 to 1827 he was a student of the master Fyodor K. Bushkovsky.

Potapov Vasily Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business, was born in 1783. In 1795 he became an apprentice to the master Vasily Romanov. In 1821 he was a foreman and worked with his brother.

Popov Vasily Ivanov, Moscow silversmith shop master, tradesman. Known in 1816-1840. He made scanned and nielloed products. In 1821 he made a silver pitcher with niello.

Andrey M. Postnikov, founder of a factory of gold, silver and bronze products in 1868 in Moscow. Known until 1908. For high quality silver items he received a gold medal at the All-Russian Exhibition in 1882. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are a tablespoon with a nielloed depiction of the Kremlin cathedrals.

Romanov Vasily Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business, was born in 1772. Known until 1831. He worked with his brother Ilya. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are the "Holidays" icon.

Rudakov Andrey Grigoriev, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business, was born in 1788. In 1825 he was a petty officer's comrade. Mentioned before 1868.

Sazikov Pavel Fedorovich, a Moscow silversmith, a merchant of the 3rd guild, founder of a workshop known from 1793 to 1810, and in 1810 - a silverware factory in Moscow. In 1842 a branch was opened in St. Petersburg. The factory was known until 1882. After the death of P.F.Sazikov, the business was continued by his son Ignatius and later by his grandsons Sergei, Valentin and Pavel. Nielloes from Sazikov's company were exhibited at the World Exhibition in 1862 and the All-Russian Exhibition in 1870. With his stamp in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a tablespoon of the 1830s; in the State Hermitage - a tea service from 1834.

Alexey Sazonov, Yakut silversmith. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a shell snuffbox made in Yakutsk in a silver frame with nielloed images and inscriptions from 1829.

Vasily Semyonov, owner of a silverware factory in Moscow, founded in 1852. Produced mainly small items with niello. According to the information of 1873, the annual production is 75 thousand rubles, the workers are 40 people. He exhibited silver niello items at world and all-Russian exhibitions from 1867 to 1882. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are cups and saucers.

Skripitsyn (Skripitsin) Sakerdon Ivanov, an outstanding Vologda silver and niellogen craftsman, tradesman. Known in 1837-1844. He had a workshop in Vologda. In 1837, Skripitsyn's works with niello were at the Vologda Provincial Exhibition, and in 1839 - at an exhibition of Russian manufactured goods in St. Petersburg. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a spoon, a glass, a children's horn, a glass and a portrait of Alexander II; in GOP - two pans and two glasses; in ERO - plates.

Sokolov Alexey Isaev, Moscow silversmith and goldsmith. Known in 1821-1831. In 1823 he was listed as an ever-workshop master. In 1821, in the Assay tent, things of his work that were not of a proper sample were detained. Black snuff boxes by A. Sokolov were presented at the Moscow exhibition in 1831. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are a snuffbox of 1825.

Sokolov M.F., Moscow silver and niello master. He had a workshop in 1860-1890, one worker and one apprentice. His works are a niello tea set in the State Hermitage and a niello spoon in the Kaluga Museum.

Sorokin Vasily Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and niello business since 1835. He studied nielloing skills with Fyodor Bushkovsky since 1825. Mentioned before 1846.

Studentsov Prokopy Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business since 1831. In 1832, only "various little things" worked: crosses, rings, etc. Mentioned until 1862.

Totmakov Matvey Grigoriev, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. Recorded in payroll from 1805 to 1834.

Ustinov Gabriel, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1806-1851. He made small items with niello: crosses, icons, powder flasks, feeding horns for babies. In 1820, things made of silver below the specified standard were detained in his Assay tent. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are a small icon, a reliquary cross, a powder flask, a children's horn.

Fuld Alexander Iosifovich., owner of a Moscow factory of silver products (1862-1918). In the collection of the State Historical Museum there are works of his factory: a tray of 1862 with a nielloed image of a raeshnik.

Khlebnikov Ivan Petrovich, founder of a factory of gold and silver products in Moscow in 1871. Known until 1918. At the All-Russian Exhibition of 1882, silver items with niello from the work of this factory were presented. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are spoons, a cigarette case, a glass.

Khojoyan (or Khodzhaev) Karapet Stepanovich, St. Petersburg silversmith. Known from 1876 to 1897. Made products with Caucasian type mobile. Exhibited products at an exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. At an exhibition in Stockholm in 1897 he received a silver medal.

Chirkov Mikhail Pavlovich, Veliky Ustyug master of the late XIX - XX centuries, a student of Koshkov. Was born in 1866. The oldest master of the mob, the last representative of the old generation, who passed on the secret of the composition of the northern Ustyug mob to the Soviet state. He was repeatedly awarded with diplomas and cash prizes for his work. He died in 1938. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a ring, a brooch; in the museum of Veliky Ustyug - cufflinks, ruler, plate; in VOKM - bracelets and a plaque; in SM - spoon and snuffbox.

Chichelev Ivan Dmitrievich, Moscow 2nd guild merchant, master-silversmith, workshop owner since 1815. According to the information in 1876, he supported workers - 30, students - 20. Participated in all-Russian and international exhibitions. At the exhibition in 1870 he received a gold medal. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a box for cigarettes from 1860-1870.

Chulkov Mikhail Ivanov, Vologda master of silver and niello, a tradesman. Was born in 1801. He died in 1864. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are teaspoons, an Easter egg.

Yakovlev Mikhail, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1821-1823. In 1821, inappropriate things were taken from him in the Assay tent. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - the altar cross of 1823; in the Novgorod Museum - the altar cross of 1822.

With the division of labor existing in modern jewelry factories, the main creative work belongs to the artist who gives the drawing and the engraver who performs it (sometimes the engraver is also the author of the drawing). Therefore, in the dictionary of the masters of the Soviet period, we list only the main artists and engravers and do not give the names of the numerous assemblers, appliers of the mob and others, although their participation in the process of making nielloed items is undoubtedly of no small importance. This explains the fact that even such outstanding masters as M.P. Chirkova's student Maria Dmitrievna Kuznetsova, a master in the composition and overlay of the factory rabble "Northern rabble" since 1936, an assembler of the same factory, Alexander Evgrafovich Titov, who works since 1938 and participant of the 1960 exhibition-review, Alexander Sergeevich Samoilov, assembler of the Moscow Jewelry Factory since 1950.

Artamonova (Ivanova) Nina Vasilievna, engraver of the factory. Severnaya niello "since 1940. Born in 1923. Takes part in the engraving of complex works. Author of a number of ornamental nielloing patterns on mass production items. Has a number of awards.

Babaevskaya Tamara Yakovlevna, engraver of the factory. Severnaya rabbit "since 1943. Born in 1929. Author of the decoration of a number of new products.

Dvoryatkina Olga Alexandrovna, artistic director of the Moscow Jewelry Factory. She was born in 1913. Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts with the title of artist. Author of most of the works produced by the plant.

Ibragimov Zhafar Khafisovich, engraver of the Moscow jewelry factory since 1951. Was born in 1923. In 1962 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Technology. He is the author of the following works: casket "Moscow", casket "40 years of the October Revolution", box "Maple Leaves", etc. Participant of the exhibition-review in 1960.

Lukin Vladimir Zakharovich, engraver of the Moscow Jewelry Factory since 1954. Was born in 1927.

Mokievskaya (Moskalenko) Alexandra Semyonovna, engraver of the "Severnaya Chern" factory since 1939. She was born in 1922. Takes part in the execution of the most difficult works. Author of decoration for a number of products. Has awards.

Novikova Tamara Ivanovna, engraver artist of the Moscow Jewelry Factory since 1950. Born in 1928, graduated from the Moscow Polygraphic College. He is the author of a number of creative works: the "Knight in the Panther's Skin" cigarette case, "Tchaikovsky" cup holder, "Football player" cup holder, "Tchaikovsky" boxes.

Podsekina Maria Alekseevna, engraver of the "Severnaya Chern" factory since 1932. She was born in 1917. Takes part in the execution of the most difficult works. She engraved exhibits at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris. Author of decoration for several niello items. Has awards.

Popova (Nasonovskaya) Pavel Alekseevna, engraver of the "Severnaya Chern" factory since 1932. She was born in 1917. Executor of the most complex works. Author of decoration for a number of nielloed items. She engraved exhibits for the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris. Has awards.

Sverkunova Alexandra Ivanovna, engraver of the "Severnaya Chern" factory since 1942. She was born in 1927. Takes part in performing complex engraving works. Has a number of awards.

Sycheva (Uglovskaya) Maria Alekseevna, engraver. She was born in 1913. Pupil M. P. Chirkov, who gave her the secret of the rabble. In 1931 she joined the artel "Northern Chern" and since 1942 was the chairman of this artel. She presented niello products at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris and at the 1939 exhibition in New York. Has a number of awards and prizes. Since 1949 he has been working in Moscow at the Moscow Jewelry Factory.

Tone Maria Alexandrovna, Moscow artist. She was born in 1922. Since 1946 he has been working at NIIHP. Graduated from the Faculty of Ceramics of the Moscow Institute of Decorative and Applied Arts in 1946. A lot of niello items were made according to her sketches at the Moscow Jewelry Factory and at the Severnaya Chern factory.

Tropina Elizaveta Fedorovna, artist of the "Northern Mobile" factory. She was born in 1930.

Tropina Nina Ivanovna, engraver of the "Severnaya Chern" factory since 1937. She was born in 1921. Takes part in the execution of the most complex products. Has a number of awards.

Uglovskaya (Yakusheva) Valentina Alexandrovna, engraver of the "Severnaya Chern" factory since 1943. She was born in 1928. Takes part in the engraving of the most complex items. Author of decoration for a number of works.

Chernov Alexander, artist of the "Northern Mobile" factory.

Chirkov Mikhail Pavlovich, Veliky Ustyug master of nielloing business. Was born in 1866. He died in 1938. Koshkov's student. He was the organizer of a workshop in Veliky Ustyug in 1929, on the basis of which the artel "Severnaya rabbit" (now a factory) was formed in 1933. He was an excellent engraver, a teacher of many of the first masters of the artel.

Shilnikovsky Evstafy Pavlovich, artistic director of the artel and then the factory "Severnaya Chern" from 1935 to 1962. Was born in 1890. In 1917 he graduated from the Academy of Arts, graphics class. In 1956 Shilnikovsky was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR. According to the sketches of Shilnikovsky, a significant number of nielloes from the Severnaya Chern factory are produced.