Russian dramaturgy spawned a huge number of masterpieces not only Russian, but also world literature, and allowed him to realize themselves to many wonderful Russian writers. Alexander Griboedov was one of these figures. His play "Mountain from Mind" was immortalized by the name of this diplomat, firmly entered the Golden Fund of Russian Literature and now known to almost every resident of Russia. Multi-lighted Literekon invites you to evaluate the analysis of the work.

The creative story of the "grief from the mind" began outside of Russia. The writer began to create his work in Tiflis after a diplomatic mission in Persia. The first material for the comedy was Griboedov conversations with their familiar Evgenia sin about the life of Moscow nobles. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe comedy did not give peace for a long time, whose career was already developed. The work continued in Moscow, where the playwright could write a play, based on the personal experience of communicating with the noble estate.

Interesting facts about creating the play "Mount from Wit" will complement her story:

• When creating the play, Griboedov was inspired by the works of French Moliere playwright, whose plays were told and ridiculed the flavors of French society.
• The meaning of the play "Woe from Wit" for Russian literature is so great that many writers after the death of Griboedov made references to his work. For example, L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" introduced a character from the comedy - Volnodumz Prince Fedor, who so condemned the Famus society. In the novel, it is Pierre Duhov, which shares the views of the Decembrists.
• During the life of the author, the play did not put any theater, as censorship did not miss her in print.
• After the comedy began to put on stage, many actresses refused to play the role of Sophia, as they considered it indecent. The nightly date with their silent confused them.
• The first listener of the play was Ivan Krylov. He said that in his time the author would have expected an imminent link.

But the most interesting thing is that you can remember the comedy, it happened to the author himself. At one of Moscow evening, Griboedov listened to the outrageous speeches of the invited and boils - he spoke a lot of unpleasant invited in the long speech of chill. One of those present exclaimed: "Yes, this clever came crazy!". This news instantly spread throughout Moscow, and the next day many friends arrived to the diplomat to learn about his position. He focused on indignation:

"I will prove them that I am in my mind," Griboyedov continued, graduating his story. - I will put a comedy in them, I will take it entirely this evening: they will not last. I already have a whole plan in my head, and I feel that it will be good.

Such was the attitude of Griboedov to the play "Mount from the mind."

Prototypes of heroes

Multi-lighted Litrecon found the prototypes of the heroes "grief from the mind" and introduced them to the table for your convenience.

hero	prototype	justification
chatsky	progressive philosopher p. Chaadaev	1) Samelights 2) Fate: the king recognized the philosopher crazy for his free-industrial treatise "Philosophical letters." 3) glances and principles are very similar, especially about the question of serfdom
famuses	uncle Griboyedova, Alexey Fedorovich	the author himself drove the work of the "character of my uncle" and outlined all those principles and features that are characteristic of his hero.
molchanin	someone Poludensky	he served as secretary of the guardian and very much loved to walk on the guests behind the protection. This was spoken by contemporaries Griboedov - A.N. Veselovsky, V.V. Callash.
sophia	sister Griboyedov, sophia Alekseevna	this was written by the contemporaries of Griboedov, who knew the girl's temper.
scalozub	colonel	the main features of this historical personality are very suitable for the description of the scalose. This is a rude and ignorable soldip, which, thanks to the protection, received under the control of the seed regiment and organized a tough system of corporal punishment.
gorichiev	i.I. Ogarev, Blessed Griboedov	according to legends, the writer himself visited a friend and admitted to him that he wrote about him in the book.

Direction, genre and size

The genre of the originality of "grief from the mind" is that in this comedy, elements of at once three literary directions are combined: classicism, romanticism and realism.

• From classicism The play received the unity of action, time and place. There are talking surnames.
• From romanticism The play is a lonely protagonist, which surrounds the people around him in moral terms, but has a much smaller influence. It comes into a deliberately losing conflict with society and, suffering a crushing defeat, leaves people to find a new place in this world.
• Elements realism In the work is presented with more, compared with the classic tradition, characters. The author sought to display in detail the real world, created by them the images are quite organic and typical. The images of the characters are deepened, and they cannot be divided into strictly positive and strictly negative.

Genre affiliation of the book is also ambiguous. Therefore, the multi-sided literegon will list signs of a comedy in the play "Mount from the mind" and artistic methods of the author:

1. Comic inconsistencies. For example, Magazov, who "monastic known behavior", is dragging behind the servant, until no one sees. He also talks about his service in a state-owned house: "Signed and with the shoulders of a share." The position of the heroes does not correspond to their actions and words, which they themselves seem to notice.
2. Comedy language "Woe from the mind" is characteristic of this genre: it is lightweight, folk, conversational and filled with covered expressions.
3. Reception "Talk of Deaf". For example, grandmother-graphate conversation with prince Toguhovsky.
4. Comic amplua Heroes, traditional for theater of the time: Sunmanship, Hero-lover, his unfortunate opponent, Deceived father, etc.

The comedy of morals "Mount from the mind" was written by a yamb.

Meaning of the name

The main character is of mind, but receives only suffering from this universally recognized good. Favorite woman prefers stupid and submissive silence, society and recognizes him at all. The same mind does not give the Chatsky to find his place in society and in the service, which makes him lonely. This is the meaning of the title "Woe from Wit".

The name is crowned by the dual standards of the Moscow nobility. Externally, people seek to create the impression of the mind, but internally they oppose the mind and consider it a hostile force.

Composition

The structure of the plays "grief from the mind" is peculiar to the direction of classicism. The plot is divided into four actions.

1. The first action is assigned to the exhibition, presentation and disclosure of the main actors.
2. In the second action there is a tie, when the contradictions are beginning to develop a conscious confrontation between the characters: a love conflict, the dispute of fathers and children and the public conflict of conservatives and reformers. There is also a conflict development.
3. In the third action, culmination occurs when the conflicts marked earlier reach their highest point and are allowed in one direction or another.
4. The fourth action is the final, summing up the outcome of what happened. Determining the further fate of the main characters.

The classic love triangle underlying conflict received from the classicism "Woe from Wense".

In total, there are two main conflicts in the play - love and social. They are interconnected with each other, develop and intertwined with each other as the plot develop. The main conflict is the opposition of the century of the current and century last. Building a comedy "grief from the mind" allows the reader to fully enter the position of each of the parties.

Essence: What is the play?

The young nobleman Alexander Chatsky after a long stay in Western Europe returns to Russia. The hero attend Moscow and the home of the rich Moscow Nobleman Famusov, where he spent his childhood.

Almost immediately, progressive Chatsky enters the conflict as with the head of the family - Pavel Afanasyevich, and with his daughter - Sofia, on which the hero intended to marry. However, Magazov wants to give daughter for an ignorant, but rich scalose officer, and Sophia herself is passionated by an intriguing official with silent.

The contradictions between the main character and the surrounding lead to the fact that during the ball in the House of Famous Chatsky with the filing of Sophia they mumbled crazy.

Already after the ball, Sofya exposes Molchalin, who intended to use her attachment to him to make his career, and Alexander and Pavel Afanasyevich learned about their novel. The insult and rejected Chatsky leaves Moscow in upset feelings.

Main characters and their characteristics

The system of images in the play "Mountain from Wit" consists of 4 types of heroes:

1. main characters: Chatsky, Sophia, Magineuses, Molchanin. Their relationship is the basis of the plot.
2. Secondary heroes: Lisa, Korichi, Scalozub, Herse. They complement the action and serve as catalysts for the development of the plot.
3. Heroes masks Form socio-political scenery for the play to explain the subject and the essence of the heroes confrontation and the realities of their existence. For example, Princess - they are all on one person and are needed only to demonstrate the universal type of Moscow Laminsky. The same function of the curve mirror has, Zaretsky and Toguhukhovsky.
4. Incoming character. They mention casual about them, but they do not appear on the scene. Almost every of them has a real prototype. It is necessary to immerse the viewer into the atmosphere of time and place.

Images of the main characters in the "Mount of Mind" play. Multi-lighted litecon described briefly in the table:

heroes	speaking surnames	characteristic
alexander andreevich	1) From the word "Chad" (suffocating smoke). From the words of Chazki guests it is bad, they choke in his speeches and strive to dispel them. 2) by the name of the prototype - Chaadayev.	young and pretty nobleman. Sincerely formed, but somewhat naive. Progressive ideas about building an ideal society. Patriot, but because of his straight nature does not want to go to the public service. Trying to fight the vicious noble society, but hears.
sophia pavlovna famusov	from lat. Words "Fama" -mall. It was the heroine that dismissed the rumor about Chazkom.	young coat. A friend of childhood Alexander. Educated and beautiful. It is genuine and naive, because of what is easy to succumb to the inrigan of urine. When Chatsky is trying to achieve her hands, the branding of her beloved is cruelly, angry at him and herself hearing about his madness. In the final learns about the insincerity of Molchalin and rejects it.
pavel afanasyevich	same	pavel Afanasyevich Famusov - an old respected nobleman. It has enormous influence and extensive connections. Known throughout Moscow as a noble and discreet man. In fact, it turns out to be a vulgar hypocritical old man. Cruelly tyranny and oppress those who are weaker than it and in every way fresh before those who are stronger. Engaged in bribery and coumen.
alexei stepanovich molchanin	from the word "silence". the hero does not express his opinion to be able to succumb to others	secretary of Famusov. Young, not well, languages. Covarian careerist and intrigan. Seduced Sophia, intending to influence Famousov with its help, but was exposed and rejected.
sergey sergeevich scalozub	from the expression "Rock your teeth" - laugh. The hero is cheerful and careless, because stupid.	colonel of the Russian Imperial Army, who quickly made his career, but only due to the fact that many officers were killed in battle. An ignorant soldier, which still suffer in society. He was one of the candidates for sophia.
lisa	—	fortress peasant, maid in the house of Famós. It is the object of the lust of Molchalin and Famousov. It is reasonable and careful, and therefore in every way avoiding courtesy.
famusovskoe Society	—	the generalized name of the Moscow secular society. It consists of ignorant old people-reactionaries, inconsolable lets, intrigues and podcabelniki.

The remaining speaking surnames are associated with the motive of misunderstanding and the difficulties of communication between people: Toguhovsky (deafness), Hlesov (Global expression), reheetles (from Lat. Repeat), Molchanin (silence). All heroes do not speak, but create visibility of the conversation, because they are not able to understand each other.

Topics and problems

Themes and the problem of the comedy "Mount from the mind" are multifaceted and relevant to this day:

Griboedov clearly displaced the conflict between the old Russia of Famusov, chokingly from the Samodogo, ignorance, vulgarity, rudeness, egoism and hypocrisy, and the new Russia, which is valued, mind, nobility, honesty and openness. The meaning of the play is "grief from the mind" - to expose the vices that have become the norm in the Russian society, and specify the path of change.

The writer stressed the difficulty of this struggle, but at the same time showed that the "Chatsky" still has hope for victory, and the death of the old world is inevitable. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe author is the need for progress and the importance of its upset.

What does it take?

She teaches us that a noble person is obliged to fight for his ideals and never give up, despite misunderstanding and difficulties. Moral Plays "Woe from Wit" is obvious: it is necessary to firmly stand on its position if it meets the demand of morality and justice.

Criticism

The play was enthusiastic in Russian society, especially in the Decembrist environment, whose ideals she expressed. However, many famous writers expressed their claims to comedy.

A. S. Pushkin responded very positively about this comedy, saying, first of all, about the images of the Famusov society. However, the poet remained dissatisfied with the way Chatsky, considering it too flat. Pushkin saw in the Chaccom not a separate character, but only the continuation of Griboedov himself in the play.

Already Vissarion Belinsky and considered the image of the Chatsky frankly unsuccessful and harmful. First of all, the criticism annoyed infantility and naivety of Chatsky, behind which he had not seen real knowledge and action. Hero Griboedov in his eyes is the same near-aluminum nobleman, like those who surround it.

Character defended the writer I.A. Goncharov:

"Chatsky role is the role of the suffering ... Chatsky is broken by the number of old force, applying to her, in turn, the fatal blow to the quality of strength of fresh. He is an eternal accuser lies, poured into the proverb: "One in the field is not a warrior." No, warrior, if he is Chatsky, and moreover the winner, but the advanced warrior, a shotger and is always a victim ... "I. A. Goncharov.

Portraits and only portraits are part of the comedy and tragedy, in them, however, there are features peculiar to many other persons, and other people have so much as everyone likes on all his two-legs. I hate cartoon, you will not find anyone in my picture. "

In addition to the image of the chief hero, the reviewers noted the composition and the language of the play: someone praised them, but someone did not like them very much:

I'm not talking about the language of this passage, hard, uneven and wrong! In many places, the syllable is not at all conversational, but book; There between Russian verses there are two whole verse French; Here by the word Histoire Rhyme Fire<…> It is better to ask the author not to publish it [approx. - Comedy] until I change the main nature and will not fix the syllable. (M. A. Dmitriev in the journal "Journal of Europe", 1825)

It is impartially judging, would need to wish more harmony and purity in verses Mr. Griboedov. Expressions: I am not nice to the eye with a moment - who is rejoiced by Edak - black and the house - the house is painted - there is no business - they were walked for fools - an overphanicate - to prizerahu, etc. Deer ears. " (N. A. Field in the magazine "Moscow Telegraph", 1825)

A man with a heart will not read her without drinking, without moving to tears. People<…> It is said that there are no strings that the author does not like the rules; But let them say that they are pleased: prejudices dispel, and the future will appreciate this comedy and put it in the number of the first creations of people ... "(A. A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky in the journal" Polar Star ", 1825)

As for the comedy itself, the condemning plan, a syllable and lack of goal should give justice to some successfully shown characters, funny scenes, the effect of many epigram and in general the art of drawing miniatures. The crowd of readers finds pleasure when reading this comedy because all sorts of quiet wants to apply to the persons to her famous. Other, without knowing how to tell the epigram himself, rejoices, finding in Mr. Griboyedov a lot of ready for all cases. "The grief from the mind" is unworthy of excessive praise of one half of the writers and excessive attacks of the other half. However, the first are more to blame: the unnecessary praises they were forced to be strictly disassembled; And true, Mr. Griboedov himself admits that his comedy will not stand the strict dislection ... "(A. I. Pisarev, article" A few words about the thoughts of one critic about the comedy "Mount from the mind", "Journal" Journal of Europe ", 1825 G.)

Now "grief from the mind" is recognized as a sample of comedy. Even today, it is exposed to a constant rethinking, almost everyone who reads this play, has a chance to make their own opinion, unlike anyone.

Analysis of the comedy A.S. Griboedov "Woe from Wit"

Comedy written by Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov. Unfortunately, there are no accurate data on the time of the occurrence of the comedy. According to some reports, it was conceived in 1816, but there are assumptions that the first thoughts about the comedy appeared in Griboedov even earlier. Having finished the work in 1824, the author attached a lot of effort to print it, but he did not succeed. It was not possible to obtain permission to produce "burning from the mind", but this did not prevent the wide fame of the comedy. She diverged in the lists, read it, discussed, admired her.

"Woe from the mind" stands at the origin of the origin of national Russian literature, opening a new era in its history - the era of realism. The author gives tribute to the traditions of classicism (the unity of action, places and time, "meaningful" names, love intrigue), but the play fully reflects the then reality, the characters of its characters are multifaceted (it is enough to recall the Famousov flirting with Lisa, wheezing in front of the cliffs, reading inserting Sofa) . The comedy is written by a living Russian language, a sharp, the polemical dialogue is fond of it, makes you feel the tension of the action. I.A. Balone wrote in the critical article "Millon Torzaniya", which in the play is a long period of Russian life, that "in the group of twenty persons it has reflected like a ray of light in a drop of water, the whole former Moscow, its drawing, then its spirit, historical Moment and morals. "

Griboedovskaya comedy is based on conflicts: love and public. One with another turns out to be closely related, personal issues follows from the public. Griboedov wrote in a letter to one of his friends: "... The girl herself is not stupid, prefers a fool to a smart person (not because the mind of our sinners was ordinary, no! And in my comedy 25 fools on one sensible person); And this man, of course, in contradiction with society, his surrounding, his no one understands, no one wants to forgive, why he is a little higher than others ... "

The main character of the play, Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, after a three-year lack of returned to Moscow and immediately, without going home, appeared to the house of Famusov. One of many reasons who prompted Chatsky to leave the capital, was one that the most worried and tormented his heart - love for Sofye. Sophia - clever, in this Chatsky was confident. Another fourteen-year-old girl, she laughed with him and over the young aunt, and over the devotion of the Batyushki english club. If there were no this sympathy in the past, if it were then - three years ago - did not share, albeit the semi-in-law, without a fairly deep understanding, his opinions and thoughts, he probably would not be laughed in questioning and memories. Trying to renew the conversations, chopped three years ago, Chatsky wanted to know if she was still laughing at what was funny and him, that is, he wanted to understand the current image of her thoughts. If she is now his like-mindedness, then hopes were not in vain.

But Sophia unequivocally condemned even the easiest of his mockery over Moscow. Naturally, suspicion arose:

... is there really the bride groom?

And the most important thing in the painful search of Chatsky was that the criterion of the mind was the only one for him. Scalozub because he did not cause big suspicion that smart Sophia could not love such a fool. For the same reasons, he did not believe in her love for a silence. Even for a minute he did not want to assume that smart Sophia could sincerely praise his beloved for the Lacaic humility and waters.

Griboedov-Realist excellently understood that the character of a person was developing under the influence of living conditions - in the broad sense of the word - and above all under the influence of the immediate environment: related links, upbringing, household customs, traditional views, opinions, prejudice, etc. You can understand a person only when you know its environment. Therefore, the author knows us enough in detail with the medium in which Sophia has formed as a person in the absence of Chatsky.

Most of all characterizes this Society of Famuses, Father Sofia. Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov - Typical Moscow Barin of the beginning of the beginning of the century with a characteristic mixture of Samonor and Patriarchalness. He was accustomed to Barin, he is very confident in himself and loves himself. He takes a large service post, but the service also applies in a barishment, does not aggravate himself. His political ideals reduce the glorification of the whole old, established: he lives well, and he does not want any changes. The ideal of a person for Famousov, who made a profitable career, no matter what means. Ralespace and meanness for him is also a good way if it leads to the desired result. Famuses - evil is not distracted, but concrete, alive. In his reality you believe - and therefore it is especially frightened.

Famusov likes Colonel Scalozub Sergey Sergeevich. He is relatively young, but tomorrow will certainly become a general; He is a reliable protector of the antiquity. Rockozub - noisy, tightened in a uniform, concerned with military exercises and dances Typical Arakcheevsky officer, stupid and thoughtless, opponent every free thought and enlightenment.

Alexey Stepanovich Solvelin also belongs to the Famusov society, moreover, he is directly generated. From the first appearance, it seems perfect insignificance: it is afraid to pronounce the word, willingly hesitate to everyone, does not dare to have his opinion, "moderation and accuracy" considers his main talent. These properties provide its present and future successes in the Famówov world.

Famusovskoe society is represented not only by the main characters of the play, but also episodic.

The Old Man Heshova is an important Moscow lady, a rude, powerful, accustomed to not restrain in words. She, even with regard to Famousov, cannot but show its authority. And at the same time, it is very similar to Famousov: and by the constant desire to command people, and the devotion to the old, who have learned polls and orders.

Anton Antonovich Zagoretsky is the necessary satellite of the Famus and Khlestovy. He is always ready to offer his services, while his dubious moral qualities do not confuse the owners of the Company. Khlestova talks about him:

Lygunushka he, gambler, thief ...

I had a door to constipation from him;

Yes Master to serve ...

Speaking about Zagoretsky, His characterizes itself, shows the moral level and its own, and its circle. Of that circle to which Chatsky is opposed.

Chatsky - wolving, his ideals are ideals of enlightenment, he sees his duty and life vocation in serving his homeland. The orders of existing in Russia are outraged by him, he with anger denies the "closer worst" - serfs who seek all the new, depressing their own parel. He is a true patriot, he is incomprehensible to the worship existing in the highest light in front of all foreign. Chatsky embodied the best features of progressive youth of the beginning of the XIX century, it is distinguished by a sharp, living mind. Showing the conflicts of the hero and the surrounding society, the author reveals the content of the main conflict of the era: the collision of the "century of the current and century of the past", who does not want to take their positions. The positions of the "century past" are still strong: his representatives form a public opinion, the view of the world, which is of great importance in the life of anyone. They should not declare a man crazy, thereby making it safe for themselves: madness explains the bold speeches of Chatsky, his "strange" behavior. But Chatsky holds in the house of Famusova Sofya, her fate, her attitude towards him.

It was necessary to see a night date, to hear their own ears that the gossip about madness was invented and put it in turnover, it was Sophia to understand, finally, that she had long made his choice - a choice between him and silent, between the high ideals of humanity and morality of the Mostmovskaya Moscow. Maybe she does not want to make up with silent, but the Chatsky is lost for her forever. Now she stayed with the father to wait with fear, "that the princess of Marya Alekseevna will say."

In the comedy "Century past" wins, but is Chatsky defeated? "Chatsky broken numberold power, "writes I.A. Balov in the article" Millon Torzania ". According to the expression of Goncharov, Chatsky - "Prosvestor", the "Singingman" of the new and therefore - "Always the victim." "Chatsky is inevitable when changing one century to others," the writer comes to the conclusion.

In these words, the eternal, universal meaning of the play Griboyedov. The struggle of the old and the new will always continue. The author with an unsurpassed force of persuasion showed that the power of old flawed, blind.

A huge amount of quotes from "grief from the mind" became the sayings, cruise phrases, firmly taking place in Russian, thereby providing the comedy immortality, as well as its author, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov. "Mount from the mind" - still undelivered and, maybe the greatest creation of our entire literature ... "(A. Block).

Griboedov wrote a plays for two years (1822-1824). Since Alexander Sergeevich served as a diplomat and was considered an influential person, he expected that his creation would easily pass censorship soon would be a full-fledged performance. However, soon he understood: the comedies "no pass". I managed to publish only fragments (in 1825 in the Almana "Russian Waist"). The entire text of the play was published a lot later, in 1862. The first theatrical statement took place in 1831. However, in handwritten lists (samizdat of that time), the book spread rapidly and became very popular among the reading public.

Feature comedy

The theater is the most conservative type of art, so at the time how romanticism and realism developed in the literature, classicism still dominated on the scene. Piez Griboedova combines the features of all three directions: "grief from the mind" in the form of a classic work, but realistic dialogues and issues related to the realities of the 19th century Russia bring it closer with realism, and the romantic hero (Chatsky) and the conflict of this hero with society - Characteristic opposition for romanticism. How are classic canon, romantic motifs and a common realistic installation for vitality are combined in "grief from the mind"? The author was able to harmoniously so much contradictory components together due to the fact that he was brilliantly formed by the standards of his time, he often traveled around the world and read in other languages, so I absorbed new literary trends before other playwrights. He did not rotate among the writers, served in a diplomatic mission, and therefore his consciousness was free from many stereotypes that prevented the authors to experiment.

The drama genre "Mount from Wit". Comedy or drama?

Griboedov believed that "grief from the mind" is a comedy, but since it is very developed by tragic and dramatic elements, the play can not be attributed exclusively to the comedy genre. First of all, you need to pay attention to the finals of the work: it is tragic. Today it is customary to determine the "grief from the mind", as a drama, but in the 19th century there was no such separation, therefore it was called a "high comedy" by analogy with a high and lowest Lomonosov's castle. In this formulation, a contradiction is concluded: only a tragedy can be "high", and the default "low" shtail comedy. The play was not unambiguous and typical, it broke out of the existing theater and literary cliches, so it was as high as contemporaries and the current generation of readers.

Conflict. Composition. Problems

The play traditionally allocate two types of conflict: Private (love drama) and public (opposition of old and new time, "Famovsky society" and Chatsky). Since this work partially refers to romanticism, we can argue that the play has a romantic personality conflict (Chatsky) and society (Famovovsky society) in the play.

One of the strict canons of classicism is the unity of action, which involves the causal relationship between events and episodes. In the "grief from the mind" this connection is already substantially weakened, the viewer and reader seems that nothing significant happens: the heroes go there here, talk, that is, the external effect is quite monotonous. However, the dynamics and drama are laid in the dialogues of the heroes, the play must first of all listen to to catch the tension of what is happening and the meaning of the production.

The peculiarity of the composition is that it is built on the canons of classicism, the number of acts does not coincide with it.

If the comedies of writers of the late 18th - early 19th century were given separate defects, then Satira Griboyedov fell into the entire conservative way of life, soaked with these vices. Ignorance, careerism, soldier, cruelty and bureaucratic cosiness - all these are the realities of the Russian Empire. Moskovskaya Barzness with his ostentatious Puritan morality and unprincipledness in affairs represents Magazov, a stupid military careerism and a stortable consciousness - the rocks, the waters and the hypocrisy of the officials - Molchanin. Thanks to episodic characters, the viewer and reader get acquainted with all the types of "Famovsky society" and see that their cohesion is the result of solidarity of vicious people. The many-sided and print clics absorbed all vulgarity, lies and stupidity, which society got used to worship and infer. Characters not only on stage, but also for the scene mentioned in the replicas of the actors (the legislator of the Knigns of Marya Alekskna, the writer of the "nonsense of exemplary" Thomas Fomich, the influential and almighty Tatyana Yurevna and others).

Meaning and innovation of the play "Woe from Wit"

In the play, which the author himself considered a comedy, oddly enough, the most actual problems of the period were covered: the injustice of the serfdom, an imperpose state office, ignorance, the problem of education, etc. Also, Griboedov turned on, it would seem, at entertainment work, pressing disputes about guest houses, jury, censorship and institutes.

Moral aspects that are no less important for playwright, give rise to humanistic pathos of the work. The author shows how the best qualities in man die under the press of "Famós society". For example, Molchalin is not deprived of positive qualities, but forced to live according to the laws of Famousov and the like, otherwise he never succeeds. That is why "grief from the mind" occupies a special place in Russian drama: it reflects real conflicts and non-immune life circumstances.

The composition of the drama is designed in classic style: adherence to three unity, the presence of large monologues, speaking the names of the acting persons, etc. The content is realistic, so the performance is still with alloculating in many theaters of Russia. Heroes do not personify one vice or one virtue, as was customary in classicism, they are versatilely developed by the author, their characters are not deprived of both negative and positive qualities. For example, critics are often called a chanty fool or too impulsive hero. Sophia is not to blame for the fact that during his long absence, loved the one who was near, and the Chatsky immediately offended, jealous and hysterically refuses everything around just because his loved one forgot. Hot-tempered and narrow character does not paint the main character.

It is worth noting the conversational language of the play, where every hero has speech turnover characteristic. This idea was complicated by the fact that the work is written in verses (by a different way of jack), but Griboedov managed to recreate the effect of a relaxed conversation. Already in 1825, Writer V.F. ODOevsky claimed: "" Almost all verses of Comedy Griboyedov became proverbs, and it often happened to hear in society, whose entire conversations were verses from "grief from the mind". "

It is worth noting speaking surnames in the "Mount of Mind": For example, "Molchanin" means a hidden and hypocritical nature of the hero, "Scalosub" - an inverted word "deordares", meaning the Ham's behavior in society.

Why is the comedy of Griboedov "Woe from Wit" now readable?

Currently, people often use Griboedov quotes, without knowing it. Phraseologisms "Fresh legend, and hard with difficulty", "Happy hours do not observe", "and the smoke of the Fatherland to us sweets and pleasants" - all these winged phrases are familiar to everyone. The play is still relevant due to the light aphoristic copyright style of Griboyedov. He was one of the first to write a drama in the present Russian, which people say and think so far. Heavy and pompous lexicon of his time was not remembered to contemporary, but the innovative syllable of Griboedov found his place in the language memory of the Russian people. Is it possible to call the play "grief from the mind" relevant in the 21st century? Yes, if only because we speak his quotes in everyday life.

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Pen's figures are one of the most unique people on the planet, they know how to create a multifaceted masterpiece on the basis of a short situation. Almost the same fate suffered a comedy Griboyedov "Mount from the mind."

The history of the creation of the work of "Woe from Wit"

One day, Griboedov had a chance to visit one of the dinners in aristocratic circles. There he witnessed an unusual picture: one of the guests was a foreign citizen. The aristocrats were very valued all foreign, they wanted to like them as much as possible, so any contact with overseas guests, especially noble origin was estimated for representatives of the highest society. Therefore, all the time the lunch was devoted to a reverent attitude to the foreign guest - Griboedov, who perceived the hostile attempts to Russian aristocracy to get all the foreign, including behavior, language and fectures of life, could not miss the moment and not speak out about this.

We offer to familiarize yourself with the comedy "A. Griboedov "grief from the mind."

Naturally, his speech was not heard - the aristocrats considered Griboedov who survived the mind and immediately let the rumor about his mental unhealthy. Restricted Alexander Sergeevich after that decided to write a comedy, in which all the vices of the aristocratic society would fit. It happened in 1816.

History of Comedy Publication

However, it began to create the work of Griboedov after a while. In 1823, the first comedy fragments were ready. Griboedov from time to time presented them to society first in Moscow, then in Tiflis.

With the publication, there were also difficulties for a long time - the text was repeatedly amenable to censorship and as a result - refinement and processing. Only in 1825 fragments of the work were published.

During the life of Griboedov, his work was never fully published - in the hope that his friend Bulgarin will help in this, Alexander Sergeevich gives him a manuscript of his comedy, which at that time was called "Madness Mountain", but the publication did not follow.

Four years after the death of Griboedov (in 1833), the "Mount" still saw the light. However, the comedy text was distorted by the Commission on the editorial board and censorship - the text was too much invalid to publish the moments. Only in 1875 the work was published without censorship.

Comedy heroes

All the heroes of the play can be divided into three categories - the main, miner and third-haired.

The Central Images of Comedy includes Maginemov, Chatsky, Molchanin and Sophia Pavlovna

• Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov - Aristocrat by origin, managing in a state institution. He is a dishonest and corrupt official, as a representative of society, he is also far from the ideal.
• Sophia Pavlovna Famusov - The young daughter of Famusov, despite his young age, it already actively uses the tricks adopted in aristocratic circles - the girl loves to play with the feelings of other people. She likes to be the center of attention.
• Alexander Chatsky - the hereditary aristocrat, orphan. He is taken to the education of the Famusov, after the death of his parents. For some time, Alexander consisted of military service, but was disappointed in this type of activity.
• Alexey Stepanovich Molchanin - Secretary of Famusov, a man of ungivory origin, which thanks to the actions of Famusov acquires the noble rank. Molchanin is a sneody and hypocritical person who drives the desire to break into the aristocratic circles at any cost.

The secondary characters include images of scalosis, Lisa and reheetlov.

• Sergey Sergeevich Skalozub - Nobleman, a young officer who is only interested in the service.
• Reheetles - old friend Pavel Afanasyevich, an offacarious nobleman.
• Lisa - The maid in the House of Famusov, in which Molchanin is in love.

The practices of Anton Antonovich Zagoretsky, Anfisa Nilon Kulgovsky, Plato Mikhailovich Korich, Natalia Dmitrievna Korich, Prince Peter Ilyich Togukhovsky, Jamin Herniki and Petrushki, are all briefly acting in a play, but thanks to their social positions, they help to describe accurate and unsightly Picture of reality.

The young landowner Chatsky after a three-year absence in Russia returns home. He visits the house of his educator of Famusov in order to wipe on his daughter, in which he has long been in love, sophia.

In the house of Famusov, Chatsky notes that during his absence of vices of aristocracy only aggravated. A young man is surprised by the carriage and calculation of representatives of the highest society. Aristocrats Instead of submitting an example of humanism and honesty, an example of bribery and public games are applied - this discourages Chatsky. The ideal behavior in the highest circles was a selection - for aristocrats it became unimportant to serve - now to serve in fashion. The impact of the opposite position of the Chatsky in relation to the Famovsky society becomes the main reason why he cannot claim to Sony's hand.

We offer to familiarize yourself with the comedy "Mount Mind" A. Griboyedov.

Alexander still does not lose hope. He thinks that the favor of the girl will be able to change the situation, but here Chapsky expects disappointment - Sonya really loves him, but the secretary of his father.

However, a Sonya is not in a hurry to answer the refusal to Chatsky, she hides the true state of affairs from Chatsky and pretends that Alexander's sympathy is pleasant. In addition, the girl dissolves rumors that

Chatsky has disasters in mental health. When Alexander finds out the truth, it is aware that such a girl cannot be his wife. The only thing that remains Alexander is to leave Moscow.

Poem Size and Features of Piece Pieces

Piez Griboedov "Woe from Wit" was written by a yamb. The number of stops in poetry is unequal (unlike the traditional Alexandrian verse, which provided for the use of a six-end Yamba) - Periodically, Alexander Sergeevich changes the number of stops. Their number varies from one to six.

The rhyme system is also not stable. In the play, you can see actually all options - steam room, cross, gloomy. In addition, Griboedov uses an internal rhyme.

Topics and Plays Problems

The main conflict of the plays is determined by the framework of the confrontation of the "century of the current" and the "century of the past". Such a concept is not limited solely by the relationship to the service and the supply of man - under these phrases they hide a large array of problems.

First of all, the problem of the type of human activity and the distribution of them for noble classes (civil service in government agencies and military service) and shameful (writing, scientific activity).

The second problem of the play was the glorification of the subliz - the authority and respect in society are deserved by a non-valiant service or approximately performed work, but the ability to please the upstream guidance.

The next problem is a bribery and a circular order. All problems in society can be solved by money or connections.

The problem of sincerity and honesty is also rising Griboedov - People say what is profitable. They are ready to smear and deceive for the sake of gaining some of the goods. Rarely, who is ready to express a true opinion, especially if it does not coincide with the opinion of the majority.

Most people become addicted to the opinions of others, they are ready to build their lives, guided by not the convenience, but by tradition, even if it makes their lives much.

The problem of egoism was the reason for the appearance of duplicity on the love front - to be a monochombus was not fashionable.

Genre of the work "Mount from Wit"

The peculiarities of the problems of the play were the reason for the appearance of a discussion in literary circles about the genre of the "Mount of Mind". The opinions of researchers were divided in this matter.

Some believe that it is properly consolidated by a comedy genre, others are confident that such problems is characteristic of a dramatic work.

The main reason that allows you to determine the play as a drama, is the globality of the raised problem. The conflict of the play is built on a deep feeling of frustration, which is not characteristic of comedy. The elements of comic, which are present in the description of character characters, minimal and, according to researchers, are used to enhance the dramatic function in the text.

Based on such a position, along with suggestions, to determine the genre as a comedy or drama began to appear during the discussion and proposals for mixing genres. So, for example, N.I.Nadejdin identified it as a satirical picture.

N.K. Piskanov, analyzing the features of the play, came to the conclusion that it was impossible to determine exactly its genre - the literary crowns have every reason to designate it as a social drama, a realistic household play, a psychological drama, and even a musical drama (based on the features of the poeze verse).

Despite all the discussions, the play of Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" continues to be called a comedy. First of all, this is due to the fact that Alexander Sergeevich himself identified the genre of his work. Although comic elements are not widely used in the play, and its structure and features of the plot are far from the traditional comic, still the influence of satire and humor has had a noticeable place in the play.

Thus, Piese A.S. Griboedov "Woe from Wit" is a multifaceted and extensive work.

The variety of subjects and problems of the play, as well as ways of image the essence of the conflict have caused a discussion in the genre of the play.

Problems and topics raised by Griboedov, can be attributed to the category of "eternal" those who never lose their relevance.

History of the creation of a comedy

Comedy "Woe from Wit" - the main and most valuable result of the creativity of A.S. Griboedov. When studying the comedy "grief from the mind", the analysis should be subjected to primarily the conditions in which the play was written. It affects the question of the brewing opposition of the progressive and conservative nobility. Griboedov rises the morals of the secular society of early 19th century. In this regard, the creation of such a work was a rather bold step at that period of development of Russian history.

The case is known when Griboedov, returning from abroad, was on one of the aristocratic techniques in St. Petersburg. There, it was outraged by the ultimate attitude of society to one foreign guest. The progressive glances of Griboedov pushed him to the statement of his sharply negative opinion on this matter. Guests found the young man crazy, and the news about it quickly spread in society. It was this case that pushed the writer to the creation of a comedy.

Topic and problematic plays

Analysis of the comedy "grief from the mind" is advisable to start with the appeal to its name. It reflects the idea of \u200b\u200bplay. Mountain from his sanity is experiencing the main character of the comedy - Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, who rejected by society only because he is smarter than the people around him. From here it follows and the other problem: if society rejects a person of an extraordinary mind, how does this characterize the society itself? Chatsky feels uncomfortable among people who consider it insane. It gives rise to numerous speech clashes of the main character with representatives of the society hated by him. In these conversations, each party considers himself smarter than the interlocutor. Only the mind of the conservative nobility lies in the ability to adapt under the existing circumstances to obtain maximum material benefits. The one who is not chasing the ranks and money for them is madman.

The adoption of Chatsky's views for a conservative nobility means start changing your life in accordance with the requirements of time. It does not seem comfortable anyone. It is easier to declare Chatsky crazy, because then on his accusatory speech you can simply not pay attention.

In the collision of Chatsky with representatives of the aristocratic society, the author raises a number of philosophical, moral, national and cultural and domestic issues. Within the framework of these topics, the problems of serfdom, serving the state, education, family mistake are discussed. All these problems are disclosed in comedy through the prism of understanding the mind.

Conflict of dramatic work and its originality

The peculiarity of the conflict of the play "Woe from Wit" is that there are two of them: love and social. The social contradiction lies in the collision of the interests and views of the representatives of the "century of the present" in the face of the Chatsky and the "century of the past" in the face of Famusov and his supporters. Both conflicts are closely connected with each other.

Love experiences make Chatsky come to the house of Famusov, where he was not for three years. He cares his beloved sophia in confusion, she takes him very coldly. Chatsky does not recognize that arrived not in time. Sophia is busy with the experiences of a love story with a silent, secretary of his father, living in their home. Endless reflections on the causes of cooling of Sofia feelings forcing Chatsky to ask questions to the beloved, her father, silence. During the dialogues, it turns out that the Chatsky diverges views with each of the interlocutors. They argue about the service, about ideals, about the nrules of secular society, on education, about the family. The views of Chatsky frighten the representatives of the "century past" because they threaten the usual estimates of the life of the Famow Society. Conservative nobles are not ready for change, therefore, the Society is instantly dealt with a hearing about the madness of the Chatsky, the unstable fastened sofa. The beloved of the main character is a source of unpleasant gossip because he prevents her personal happiness. And this again sees the interweaving of love and social conflicts.

System of existing comedy

In the image of the characters, Griboedov does not hold the clear separation of them on positive and negative, which was mandatory for classicism. All heroes have both positive and negative features. For example, Chatsky smart, honest, bold, independent, but he also quick-tempered, unceremonen. Pharmuses son of his century, but at the same time he is a beautiful father. Sofya, ruthless towards the Chatskom, intelligent, dare and decisive.

But the use of "speaking" surnames in the play is a direct heritage of classicism. The surname of the Hero of Griboedov tries to put the lead line of his personality. For example, the name of Famuses is produced from Latin Fama, which means "Solve". Consequently, Famuses - a person who is most worried about public opinion. It is enough to remember his final replica to make sure that: "... What will say the princess of Marya Alekskna!". Chatsky was originally Chadsky. This surname hints at the fact that the hero is in the chad of its struggle with the nruhs of the aristocratic society. Interest in this respect and the hero of the reheetles. His surname is connected with the French word Repeto - I repeat. This character is the cartoon twin of Chatsky. He has no own opinion, but only repeats other people's words, including the words of Chatsky.

It is important to pay attention to the alignment of characters. Social conflict takes place mainly between Chatsky and Famusov. The love confrontation is built up between Chatsky, Sofia and silent. These are the main actors. Combines the love and public conflict the figure of Chatsky.

The most difficult in the comedy "grief from the mind" is considered the image of Sofia. It is difficult to attribute to persons who adhere to the views of the "century past". In relations with silent, she despises the opinion of society. Sophia reads a lot, loves art. She is contracted by a stupid scalosis. But the supporter of Chatsky will not call it, because in conversations with him, it is a cake of him for ulcerativeness, mercilessness in words. It was her word about the madness of Chatsky that became decisive in the fate of the main character.

Important in the play and secondary and episodic characters. For example, Lisa, cliffs are directly involved in the development of a love conflict, complicating and deepening it. Episodic characters that appear visiting Famusov (Toguhovskiy, Hryumina, Zagoretsky), fully reveal the morals of the Famusov society.

Development of dramatic action

The analysis of the actions of "burning from the mind" will allow to identify the compositional features of the work and features of the development of dramatic action.

The exposition of the comedy can be considered all the phenomena of the first action before the arrival of Chatsky. Here the reader gets acquainted with the place of action and learn not only about the love of Sofia and Molchalin, but also that before Sofya had a gentle feeling towards the Chatkom, who had to go through the light. The appearance of the Chatsky in the seventh phenomenon of the first action is the tie. Next follows the parallel development of social and love conflicts. The conflict of Chatsky with the Famovsky society reaches its peak on the ball is the culmination of action. The fourth action, 14 of the comedy phenomenon (Chatsky's final monologue) is a union of both a public and love line.

In the junction, Chatsky is forced to retreat before the Famovsky society, because he is in the minority. But it can hardly be considered defeated. Just the time of Chatsky has not yet come, the split in the noble medium only outlined.

The peculiar feature of the play

Research and analysis of the work of the "Mount of Mind" will detect its bright originality. Traditionally, "grief from the mind" is considered to be the first Russian realistic play. Despite this, it survived the features inherent in classicism: "talking" names, the unity of time (the events of the comedy occur within one day), the unity of the place (the play of the play unfolds in the Famusov House). However, Griboedov refuses unity: in the comedy, two conflicts are developing in parallel, which contradicts the traditions of classicism. The formula of romanticism is also clearly seen in the formula: an exceptional hero (Chatsky) in unusual circumstances.

Thus, the relevance of the problems of the play, its unconditional innovation, the aphoricity of the comedy language is not only of great importance in the history of Russian literature and dramaturgy, but also contribute to the popularity of comedy from modern readers.

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