LEWIS CARROLL
Lewis Carroll has inspired more musicians to create psychedelic rock than any other writer in literary history. Think, for example, the Jefferson Airplane's White Rabbit, the Beatles' song I Am the Walrus, or Donovan's entire Hurdy Gurdy Man album. (And no one says that it was all good psychedelic rock!) And all this thanks to a man who, most likely, has never tried drugs in his life, has never had serious relationships with women, and has lectured in math in college for most of his life. Christ Church, Oxford University.
Oh, yes, and, of course, he also created one of the world's most beloved heroines of children's books.
Long before Alice's arrival, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Carroll's real name) was a shy stutterer, the son of a vicar from the village of Darsbury, Cheshire. The third of eleven children in the family, he took his first steps in literature very early. Even after graduating from Christ Church College, Oxford and receiving a master's degree in mathematics, Charles continued to write humorous poetry and sometimes published them in the Comic Times. Deciding not to mix his math and literary career, Charles Lutwidge coined the pseudonym "Lewis Carroll" by swapping his names and translating them into Latin and then back into English. This intricate and witty pun soon became a trademark of his writing style.
Tall, thin and rather handsome Carroll lived as an ascetic scientist alien to all worldly benefits. Apart from science, his only hobbies were writing and photography. In 1861, Dodgson was ordained a junior deacon (a prerequisite to becoming a college member), which implied that he would become an Anglican priest, but something kept Charles Lutwidge from completely dissolving in the service of God. In his diaries, he wrote about the persecuting feeling of his own sinfulness and guilt, but it is not clear whether this feeling prevented him from finally moving to the priesthood or something else. For all that, he remained a respectable son of the church. It is known that, having visited the Cologne Cathedral, Charles could not help crying. Another noteworthy fact from Carroll's biography: he left the theater more than once during a performance if something on the stage offended his religious feeling.
In 1862, Carroll went on a boat trip with friends. Alice Liddell, a ten-year-old girl with whom the writer developed an unusually close friendship, was also there. For most of the trip, Carroll amused himself by telling a fairy tale in which Alice was the main character and which the girl demanded to write down. Originally the tale was called "Alice's Adventures Underground", but then Carroll renamed it "Alice in Wonderland". The book was published in 1865 and had a huge, downright stunning success, and in 1871 followed by a sequel - "Alice Through the Looking Glass". Filled with crazy characters like the Hatter, and such meaningless but hilarious poems like "The Jabberwock" or "The Walrus and the Carpenter," the story of Alice immediately won a huge following among readers of all ages. The shy bookworm Charles Dodgson instantly turned into the world famous children's writer Lewis Carroll (although he still found time to write mathematical treatises that were completely boring and dry, with the exception of the entertaining scientific pamphlet "The Dynamics of a Particle", which was published in 1865 ).
During the last two decades of his life, Carroll continued to compose, photograph, invent and reflect on topics of mathematics. The photographs he made, according to modern estimates, were clearly ahead of their time, but his models (mainly little girls) pose a number of still unresolved questions for biographers. Carroll was without a doubt a great original. His lifestyle is by no means standard.
Carroll never got married and, according to the reviews of his contemporaries, did not start long-term relationships with any adult woman at all. The writer died of bronchitis in 1898, leaving behind a string of colorful characters, amazing stories and puzzling word games that continue to inspire writers, musicians and kids around the globe to this day.
A MASTER FOR EVERY PIECE
Carroll was not only the author of one of the most popular works of children's literature, he was also a fan of technical progress, obsessed with invention. Among his inventions: the electric pen, a new form for money transfers, a tricycle, a new method of aligning the right margin on a typewriter, one of the first versions of a double-sided exhibition stand, and a mnemonic system for remembering names and dates.
Carroll was the first to come up with the idea of \u200b\u200bprinting the title of a book on the spine so that the edition you want was easier to find on the shelf. Words that Carroll invented by combining two other words are still actively used in the English language. And Carroll, a great lover of riddles and puzzles, invented many card and logic games, improved the rules of the backgammon game and created a prototype of the Scrabble game.
MEDICAL MIRACLE
Rumors that Carroll took psychoactive drugs are greatly exaggerated, but even if this were true, who, knowing the writer's medical history, would blame him? You would also want to get rid of pain if you were suffering from swamp fever, cystitis, lumbago, furunculosis, eczema, synovitis, arthritis, pleurisy, laryngitis, bronchitis, erythema, bladder catarrh, rheumatism, neuralgia, insomnia and toothaches - all these ailments were at various times found on Carroll. In addition, he was tormented by severe chronic migraines, accompanied by hallucinations - he saw, for example, moving fortresses. Add to this stuttering, possibly hyperactivity and partial deafness. Isn't it a miracle that Carroll was not a heavy opium smoker? Although who knows, maybe there was.
OH MY POOR HEAD!
It is possible that Alice's Adventures was a side effect of severe headaches. This conclusion was reached by scientists who published an article in the British medical journal "Lancet" in 1999, where they analyzed hallucinations during migraine attacks, described in Carroll's diaries. Duplicate images are found in his notes several years before the first edition of Alice in Wonderland, and this confirms the assumption that "at least some of Alice's adventures were based on Carroll's migraine visions."
SORRY, I DO NOT ANNOY YOU?
Among all his other health problems, Carroll appeared to suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder. He was terribly petty and meticulous. Before embarking on any journey, even a very short one, he studied the route on the map and calculated how long each stage would take, leaving nothing to chance. Then he would calculate how much money he would need and put the required amount in different pockets: to pay the fare, tip the porters, and buy food and drinks. When the tea was brewed, Carroll demanded that the tea leaves be infused for exactly ten minutes, not a second longer and not a second less.
His hypertrophied love for inventing and following all sorts of rules extended to those around him. When hosting a gala dinner, Carroll drew a seating chart for the guests, and then wrote in his diary what each of them ate, "so that people don't have to eat the same thing too often." One day, when he visited the library, he left a note in the suggestion box in which he outlined a better system for arranging books. Once he chided his own niece for leaving an open book on a chair. He even corrected other writers if he found minor mathematical errors in their works. However, like so many other originals, Carroll somehow managed to arrange things so that his flaws would seem like cute quirks to people. And his constant nagging did not seem to annoy anyone.
LEWIS CARROLL'S FAVORITE VEHICLE WAS A THREE WHEEL BIKE. THE WRITER DESIGNED ONE OF THE MODELS BY HIMSELF.
ASK ALICE
How many years have passed since the writer's death, and he is still suspected of pedophilia. Was he really a pedophile? There is a fierce debate on this score. That Carroll had a special affection for girls is obvious. He took hundreds of photographs of young ladies, sometimes in the nude (we are talking about the sight of young ladies, not Carroll himself). There is not a single picture that would capture any explicitly sexual scene, however, there is a case when the mother of one girl was seriously scared when she learned that the shooting of a minor would take place without the participation of a companion, and refused Carroll a photographic session. Carroll had a particularly close relationship with Alice Liddell, the prototype for the protagonist of Alice in Wonderland. However, in 1863, their friendship ended abruptly. No one can say with certainty why. The pages of Carroll's diary during this period were later torn out and destroyed by the writer's family, possibly to protect his reputation. Carroll's interest in photography also dried up suddenly, in 1880, add to this the entry in his diary, where the writer talks about the consciousness of his own sinfulness and guilt that tormented him all his life. What kind of fault, he does not specify. Did anything other than photographing happen on the set? Some of Carroll's biographers have recently argued that the writer was just a real incarnation of Willie Wonka - an innocent male child who was fascinated by children, but did not harm them or experienced sexual attraction to them. Indeed, there is no evidence left that Carroll even touched any of his models with obscene intentions. The White Rabbit alone knows the truth ...
CHARLES DODGSON? DOJACK RIPPER?
Or maybe the eccentric author of Alice was actually a misogynist and serial killer? In his 1996 book Jack the Ripper, the Careless Friend, a certain Richard Wallace suggests that the famous London prostitute killer was none other than Lewis Carroll. As evidence, Wallace cites excerpts from the works of Carroll, in which, in his opinion, detailed descriptions of the Ripper's crimes are hidden in the form of anagrams. For example, the beginning of the poem "Jabberwock":
Cooked.
Hlivye shorky
We dug around
And zepuky grunt,
Like muzyki in mov.
If you rearrange the letters (meaning, of course, the English original, not the translation), you can read the following:
I swear I'll spank balls
Until I destroy the malefic floor with my sword-hand.
Slippery business; borrow gloves
It's a little unclear what pig masturbation has in common with Jack the Ripper. In addition, Wallace ignores the fact that Carroll was not in London at all during the murders. And anagrams, as you know, were invented for this, so that from any written phrase it was possible to construct almost anything. In support of this, one writer, author of Carroll's biography, rearranged the letters in the phrase from "Winnie the Pooh" and "proved" that the true Bloody Jack was Christopher Robin. Otherwise, Wallace's theory is flawless.
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\u003e Biographies of writers and poets
Short biography of Lewis Carroll
Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) is a famous English writer, poet, philosopher, logician. Best known for the fairy tales "Alice in Wonderland" (1865) and "Alice Through the Looking Glass" (1871). He is also famous for his scientific works that anticipated some of the ideas of mathematical logic. Born January 27, 1832 in Darsbury (Cheshire), into a large family of an English priest. Lewis from childhood showed an outstanding intelligence and quick wit. He received his primary education at home, and at the age of 12 he entered a private secondary school. He was soon transferred to Rugby School, which he did not really like.
In 1851, the future writer entered one of the best colleges in Oxford - Christ Church. Studying was easy for him, and thanks to his brilliant mathematical abilities, he was awarded lectures at the college. These lectures brought him a good income, and he worked there for the next 26 years. In accordance with the charter of the college, he was to be ordained a deacon. He started writing while still a student. These were mainly short stories and poems. Gradually his work gained fame. He coined the pseudonym by changing his real name, Charles Lutwidge, and swapping the words. It was soon published by such serious English publications as The Comic Times and The Train.
Alice's prototype is 4-year-old Alice Liddell, one of the five children of the new college dean. The work "Alice in Wonderland" was written in 1864. This book has become so popular that it has been translated into many languages \u200b\u200bof the world and has been filmed more than once. In 1867, in the rank of deacon, the writer visited Russia. It was a kind of theological exchange between two churches: the Anglican and the Orthodox. He was warmly received in Moscow, Sergiev Posad, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod. Since this was the only foreign trip of the writer, he later described it in his notes - "Diary of a trip to Russia in 1867". This book was not intended to be published, but published posthumously. Under his real name, the writer published many scientific works on mathematics. It is his merit that is the calculation of the "Dodgson condensation". The outstanding writer died on January 14, 1898 in Surrey.
Lewis Carroll (UK, 27.1.1832 - 14.1.1898) - English children's writer, mathematician, logician.
Real name - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson).
Under the name Lewis Carroll, the English mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson became known worldwide as the creator of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, one of the most popular children's books.
Born on January 27, 1832. in Darsbury near Warrington, Cheshire, in the family of a parish priest. He was the third child and eldest son in a family where four boys and seven girls were born. As a boy, Dodgson invented games, composed stories and rhymes, and painted pictures for his younger brothers and sisters.
Dodgson was educated by his father until he was twelve years old.
1844-1846 - studies at the Richmond grammar school.
1846-1850 - Attends Rugby School, a privileged, gated school that Dodgson dislikes. However, here he shows outstanding ability in mathematics and classical languages.
1850 - Enrolled at Christ Church College, Oxford University and moved to Oxford.
1851 - wins the competition for the Boulter Fellowship.
1852 - Awarded first class distinction in mathematics and second class distinction in classical languages \u200b\u200band antique literature. Due to his achievements, he is admitted to scientific work.
1855 - Dodgson is offered a professorship at his college, the traditional condition of which in those years was the adoption of the clergy and the vow of celibacy. Dodgson fears that because of the dignity, he will have to give up his favorite activities - photography and theater.
1856 was, among other things, the year when Mr. Dodgson began his studies in photography. During his passion for this art form (he stopped taking pictures in 1880 for unknown reasons), he created about 3,000 photographs, of which less than 1,000 survived.
1858 - The Fifth Book of Euclid Treated Algebraically, 2nd ed. 1868.
1860 - "Notes on Algebraic Planimetry" (A Syllabus of Plane Algebraical Geometry).
1861 - Dodgson is ordained a deacon, the first intermediate step towards becoming a priest. However, changes in university status relieve him of the need for further steps in this direction.
July 1, 1862 - on a walk near Godstow, in the upper Thames, with the children of Liddell, Dean of Christ Church College, Lorina, Alice (Alice), Edith and Canon Duckworth Dodgson tells a story that Alice - a favorite who has become a heroine of improvisations - asks to write down. He does this over the next several months. Then, on the advice of Henry Kingsley and J. McDonald, he rewrites the book for a wider audience, adding a few more stories previously told to Liddell's children.
1865 - "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" is published under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll (first the English name Charles Lutwidge was Latinized - it turned out Carolus Ludovicus, and then both names were changed places and were again Anglicized).
1867 - scientific work "An Elementary Treatise on Determinants".
In the same year, Dodgson left England for the first and last time and made a very unusual trip to Russia at that time. He visits Calais, Brussels, Potsdam, Danzig, Koenigsberg on the way, spends a month in Russia, returns to England through Vilna, Warsaw, Ems, Paris. In Russia, Dodgson visits St. Petersburg and its environs, Moscow, Sergiev Posad, a fair in Nizhny Novgorod.
1871 - A sequel to Alice is published (also based on early stories and later stories told to the young Liddells in Charlton Kings, near Cheltenham, in April 1863), entitled Through the Looking-Looking- Glass and What Alice Found There, cited 1872). Both books are illustrated by D. Tenniel (1820-1914), following Dodgson's exact instructions.
1876 \u200b\u200b- poetic epic in the genre of nonsense "The Hunting of the Snark".
1879 - scientific work "Euclid and His Modern Rivals" (Euclid and His Modern Rivals).
1883 - collection of poems "Poems? Meaning?" (Rhyme? And Reason?).
1888 - scientific work "Mathematical Curiosities" (Curiosa Mathematica, 2nd ed. 1893).
1889 - the novel "Sylvie and Bruno" (Sylvie and Bruno).
1893 - the second volume of the novel "Sylvia and Bruno" - "Conclusion of Sylvie and Bruno" (Sylvie and Bruno Concluded). Both volumes are distinguished by the complexity of composition and the mixture of elements of realistic storytelling and fairy tale.
1896 - scientific work "Symbolic Logic".
1898 - a collection of poems "Three Sunsets" (Three Sunsets).
January 14, 1898 - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson died at his sister's house in Guildford, from pneumonia, two weeks before he was 66 years old. Buried in Guildford Cemetery.
Mathematician Dodgson
Dodgson's mathematical work did not leave any noticeable trace in the history of mathematics. His mathematical education was limited to knowledge of several books of the "Elements" of the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, the basics of linear algebra, mathematical analysis and the theory of probability; this was clearly not enough for work on the "cutting edge" of mathematical science in the 19th century, which was experiencing a period of rapid development (the theory of the French mathematician Galois, the non-Euclidean geometry of the Russian mathematician Niklai Ivanovich Lobachevsky and the Hungarian mathematician Janusz Boyai, mathematical physics, the qualitative theory of differential equations, etc.) ... The essentially complete isolation of Dodgson from the scientific world also affected: apart from short visits to London, Bath and to the sisters, Dodgson spent all the time in Oxford, and only in 1867 his usual way of life was disrupted by a trip to distant Russia (impressions of this trip Dodgson outlined in the famous "Russian Diary"). Recently, Dodgson's mathematical legacy has attracted more and more attention of researchers, who discover his unexpected mathematical findings, and remained unclaimed.
Dodgson's achievements in mathematical logic were well ahead of their time. He developed a graphical technique for solving logic problems, more convenient than the diagrams of the mathematician, mechanic, physicist and astronomer Leonard Euler or the English logician John Venn. Dodgson achieved a special skill in solving the so-called "sorites". Sorit is a logical problem, which is a chain of syllogisms, from which the withdrawn conclusion of one syllogism serves as a premise of another (besides, the remaining premises are mixed; “sorit” in Greek means “heap”). Charles L. Dodgson outlined his achievements in the field of mathematical logic in the two-volume "Symbolic Logic" (the second volume was recently found as galley proofs in the archives of scientific opponent Dodgson) and, in a light version for children, in the "Logic Game".
Writer Lewis Carroll
The unique originality of Carroll's style is due to the trinity of his literary gift of thinking as a mathematician and sophisticated logic. Contrary to the popular belief that Carroll, along with Edward Lear, can be considered the founder of “nonsense poetry”, Lewis Carroll actually created a different genre of “paradoxical literature”: his characters do not violate logic, but, on the contrary, follow it. bringing logic to the point of absurdity.
The most significant literary works of Carroll Lewis are rightfully considered two tales about Alice - "Alice in Wonderland" (1865) and "Through the Mirror and What Alice Saw There" (1871), usually called "Alice Through the Looking Glass" for short. Bold experiments with language, the multitude of subtle logical and philosophical questions raised in the tales about Alice, and the polysemantic nature of the statements of the characters and situations make Carroll's “children's” works a favorite reading of the “gray-haired sages”.
Features of the unique Carroll style are clearly felt in other works of Carroll: "Sylvie and Bruno", "Snark Hunt", "Midnight Tasks", "Stories with Knots", "What the Turtle Said to Achilles", "Allen Brown and Carr", " Euclide and his modern rivals ”, letters to children.
L. Carroll was one of the first British photographers. His works are natural and poetic, especially pictures of children. At the famous international photography exhibition "The Human Race" (1956), English photographers of the 19th century were presented with a single photograph by Lewis Carroll.
In Russia, Carroll has been widely known since the end of the last century. The tales of Alice have been repeatedly (and with varying degrees of success) translated and retold into Russian, in particular, by Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov. But one of the best translations was done by Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder. The stories invented by Carroll are loved not only by children, but also by adults.
Birth of the pseudonym "Carroll Lewis"
Magazine publisher and writer Edmund Yates advised Dodgson to come up with a pseudonym, and in Dodgson's Diaries, an entry of February 11, 1865 appears: “I wrote to Mr. Yates, offering him a choice of pseudonyms:
1) Edgar Cuthwellis [name Edgar Cuthwellis is obtained by rearranging letters from Charles Lutwidge].
2) Edgard W. Ch. Westhill [the method of obtaining a pseudonym is the same as in the previous case].
3) Louis Carroll [Luis from Lutwidge - Ludwik - Louis, Carroll from Charles].
4) Lewis Carroll [according to the same principle of “translation” of the names Charles Lutwidge into Latin and reverse “translation” from Latin into English] ”.
The choice fell on Lewis Carroll. Since then, Charles Lutwidge Dodgson signed all his "serious" mathematical and logical works with his real name, and all his literary works with a pseudonym, stubbornly refusing to recognize the identity of Dodgson and Carroll.
In the indissoluble union of the modest and somewhat prim Dodgson and the flamboyant Carroll, the former clearly lost to the latter: the writer Lewis Carroll was a better mathematician and logician than the Oxford "Don" Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
Lewis Carroll's work
A significant number of books and pamphlets on mathematics and logic indicate that Dodgson was a conscientious member of the learned community. Among them - Algebraic analysis of the fifth book of Euclid (The Fifth Book of Euclid Treated Algebraically, 1858 and 1868), Abstracts on algebraic planimetry (A Syllabus of Plane Algebraical Geometry, 1860), An elementary guide to the theory of determinants (Anmentary Elementary Treatise on Determinants, 1867) ) and Euclid and His Modern Rivals (1879), Mathematical Curiosities (Curiosa Mathematica, 1888 and 1893), Symbolic Logic (1896).
Children interested Dodgson from a young age; as a boy, he invented games, composed stories and rhymes, and painted pictures for his younger brothers and sisters. Dodgson's unusually strong attachment to children (and girls almost ousted boys from the circle of his friends) even puzzled his contemporaries, while the latest critics and biographers never cease to multiply the number of psychological investigations into the personality of the writer.
Of Dodgson's childhood friends, the most famous are those with whom he became friends before everyone else - the children of Liddell, the dean of his college: Harry, Lorina, Alice (Alice), Edith, Rhoda and Violet. A favorite was Alice, who soon became the heroine of improvisations with which Dodgson entertained his young friends on river walks or at home, in front of the camera. The most extraordinary story he told Loreena, Alice and Edith Liddell and Canon Duckworth on July 4, 1862, near Godstow, in the upper Thames. Alice begged Dodgson to write this story on paper, which he did over the next several months. Then, on the advice of Henry Kingsley and J. McDonald, he rewrote the book for a wider audience, adding a few more stories previously told to Liddell's children, and in July 1865 released Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. A sequel, also from early stories and later stories told to the young Liddells at Charlton Kings, near Cheltenham, in April 1863, came out on Christmas Day 1871 (cited 1872) called Through the-Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There). Both books were illustrated by D. Tenniel (1820–1914), following Dodgson's exact instructions.
Both Wonderland and Through the Mirror tell about events that happen as if in a dream. Dividing the narrative into episodes allows the writer to include stories that played up common sayings and sayings, such as "smile of the Cheshire Cat" or "mad hatter", or funny situations such as croquet or cards were played out. Through the mirror, in comparison with Wonderland, it is distinguished by a great unity of the plot. Here Alice finds herself in a mirrored world and becomes a participant in a chess game, where the White Queen's pawn (this is Alice) reaches the eighth cell and turns into a queen herself. This book also features popular characters in nursery rhymes, in particular Humpty Dumpty, who interprets the "invented" words in "Jabberwocky" with a comically professorial air.
Dodgson was good at humorous poems, and he published some poems from books about Alice in the Comic Times (a supplement to the Times newspaper) in 1855 and in Train magazine in 1856. He published many more poetic collections in these and other periodicals, such as Rimes College and Punch, anonymously or under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll (first the English name Charles Lutwidge was Latinized - it turned out to be Carolus Ludovicus, and then both names were changed places and were again Anglicized). This pseudonym was signed both books about Alice and collections of poems Phantasmagoria (Phantasmagoria, 1869), Poems? Meaning? (Rhyme? And Reason ?, 1883) and Three Sunsets (1898). The poetic epic in the genre of nonsense, The Hunting of the Snark (1876), also became famous. The novel Sylvie and Bruno (1889) and its second volume, The Conclusion of Sylvie and Bruno (1893), are distinguished by the complexity of composition and the mixture of elements of realistic storytelling and fairy tale
The wonderful world of Lewis Carroll has fascinated both adults and children for almost one hundred and fifty years. Books about Alice are read all over the world. And all the more amazing is their creator, a serious mathematician and pedant on the one hand, and a dreamer, the best friend of children, on the other.
Carroll's books are a fairy tale intertwined with reality, a world of fiction and grotesque. Alice's journey is a path along which the fantasy of a person free from the hardships of "adult" life glides freely, so the characters on the way and the adventures experienced by Alice are so close to children. Alice's universe, created in a momentary impulse, shocked the whole world. Probably not a single work of fiction in the world has as many readers, imitators and haters as the works of Lewis Carroll. Sending Alice down the rabbit hole, the author did not even imagine where his fantasy would lead the little heroine, and even more so he did not know how his fairy tale would respond in the hearts of millions of people.
Alice's journey to Wonderland and the mysterious Looking Glass takes place as if in a dream. The travels themselves can hardly be called a logically complete narrative. It is rather a series of bright, sometimes absurd, sometimes funny and touching events and memorable meetings with characters. A new literary device - splitting the narrative into episodes - made it possible to reflect the flavor of British life, take a fresh look at traditional English hobbies like croquet and card games, and beat popular sayings and sayings. Both books contain many nursery rhymes, the characters of which later gained great popularity.
According to critics, humorous poems were especially good for Lewis Carroll. He published his poetry separately, in popular periodicals such as The Times, Train, College Rimes. The luminary of mathematical science, the author of serious scientific works, he did not dare to publish his "frivolous" works under his own name. Then Charles Latuidge Dodgson turned into Lewis Carroll. This pseudonym was on both books about Alice's adventures, on numerous collections of poetry. Lewis Carroll is also the author of a poem in the heat of the absurd "The Hunt for the Snark" and the novels "Sylvia and Bruno" and "The conclusion of Sylvia and Bruno."
Carroll's creations are a mixture of parody and fairy tale. Traveling through the pages of his works, we find ourselves in an incredible world of fantasy, so close to our dreams and to the realities of our everyday life.
Which to this day leaves a lot of piquant questions, gives out a multifaceted and talented person. He is both a capable mathematician and a talented writer. More than 100 films in various genres have been shot based on the author's works.
Birthplace England
The 19th century is famous for many geniuses, everyone knows one of them - Lewis Carroll. His biography begins in the picturesque village of Darsbury, which was part of the county of Cheshire. There were 11 children in the priest Charles Dodgson's home. The future writer was named after his father, he was born on January 27, 1832, and until the age of 12 he was educated at home. Then he was sent to a private school, where he studied until 1845 inclusive. He spent the next 4 years at Rugby. In this institution, he was less happy, but showed brilliant success in the disciplines of mathematics and the word of God. In 1950 he entered Christ-devil, in 1851 he transferred to Oxford.
At home, the head of the family himself was engaged with all the children, and the classes were like fun games. To better explain the basics of counting and writing to young children, the father used subjects such as chess and abacus. The lessons of the rules of behavior were like fun feasts, where knowledge was put into children's heads by means of "drinking tea in reverse". When young Charles was in grammar school, science was easy, he was praised, and learning was a pleasure. But in the subsequent study of sciences, the pleasure was lost, and there was less success. By Oxford he was considered an average student with good but unused ability.
New name
He began writing his first stories and poems while still in college under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. The biography of the birth of a new name is simple. His friend and publisher Yates advised to simply change the first letters for better sound. There were several suggestions, but Charles settled on this short version, and most importantly, convenient for the pronunciation of children. He published his work in mathematics under his real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson.
Mathematician and Logicist
College was boring for a writer. But he got his bachelor's degree easily, and won the opportunity to teach a course in Christ-devil in a mathematical lecture competition. Charles Dodgson devoted 26 years to Euclidean geometry, algebra and mat. analysis, was seriously carried away by the theory of probability and mathematical puzzles. Almost by accident I developed a method for calculating determinants (Dodgson condensation).
There are two views on his scientific activities. Some believe that he did not bring an impressive contribution, but teaching brought a steady income and the opportunity to do what he loved. But there is an opinion that the achievements of Charles L. Dodgson in the field of logic simply outstripped the mathematical science of that time. The development of simpler solutions for sorites is described in the "Symbolic Logic", and the second volume was already adapted for children's perception and was called "Logic Game".
Dignity and travel to Russia
In college, Charles Dodgson was ordained a deacon. Thanks to this, he could read sermons, but not work in the parish. At this time, contacts between the English Church and Russian Orthodoxy were developing. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Metropolitan Filaret's stay in the Moscow cathedra, the writer and deacon Charles and the theologian Henry Liddon were invited to Russia. Dodgson really enjoyed the trip. After fulfilling his duties at official meetings and events, he visited museums, recorded impressions of cities and people. Some phrases in Russian were included in the Travel Diary. It was not a book for publication, but for personal use, which was published only after the death of the author.
The meetings between the Russians and the British, conversations through translators and unofficial walks around the city left a vivid impression on the young deacon. Before (and after) he never went anywhere, except for rare visits to London and Bath.
Lewis Carroll. Biography of the writer
In 1856, Charles meets the family of the new dean of the college, Henry Liddell (not to be confused with different people). Strong friendships develop between them. Frequent visits bring Dodgson closer to all family members, but especially to his youngest daughter Alice, who is only 4 years old. The girl's spontaneity, charm and cheerful disposition captivate the author. Lewis Carroll, whose works are already published in such serious magazines as "Comic Times" and "Train", finds a new Muse.
In 1864, the first work about the fabulous Alice was published. After a trip to Russia, Carroll created the second adventure story of the protagonist, published in 1871. The writer's style went down in history as "a kind of Carrellian". The fairy tale "Alice in Wonderland" was written for children, but it is a steady success among all fans of the fantasy genre. The author used philosophical and mathematical jokes in the plot. The work became a classic and the best example of absurdity, the structure of the story and the action had a strong influence on the development of art of that time. Lewis Carroll created a new direction in literature.
Two books
The tale "Alice in Wonderland" is the first part of the adventure. The plot tells about a girl who is trying to catch up with a funny Rabbit with a hat and a pocket watch. Through a hole, she enters a hall with many small doors. To enter the flower garden, Alice shrinks her height with a fan. In the wizarding world, she meets the leisurely Caterpillar, a funny wise and also mischievous Duchess who loves to chop off heads. Alice attends an insane tea party with the March Hare and the Hatter. In the garden, the Heroine meets the card guards who repaint white roses red. After playing croquet with the Queen, Alice goes to court, where she acts as a witness. But suddenly the girl begins to grow, all the characters turn into cards and the dream ends.
A few years later, the author publishes the second part under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. Alice Through the Looking Glass is a journey through a mirror to another world, which is a chessboard. Here the heroine meets the White King, talking flowers, the Black Queen, Humpty Dumpty and other fairy-tale characters, the prototypes of chess.
Brief analysis of books about Alice
Lewis Carroll, whose books can be categorized into mathematical and philosophical problems, tries to ask difficult questions in his works. Flying through in its slowness resembles the theory with diminishing acceleration towards the center of the Earth. When Alice remembers the multiplication table, which is used in which 4X5 is really equal to 12. And in the decrease and increase of the girl and in her fear (as if not to disappear altogether), one can learn E. Whittaker's research on changes in the Universe.
The smell of pepper in the Duchess's house - on the severity and rigidity of the hostess. And also a reminder of the habit of the poor to pepper food to hide the taste of cheap meat. The conflict between science and ethics is clearly traced in the Cheshire Cat's remark: "If you go for a long time, you will definitely come somewhere." In the process of drinking tea, Carroll gives the phrase about the need to cut Alice's long hair to the Hatter character. A contemporary of the writer claims that this is a personal hairpin for all those who were unhappy with Charles' hairstyle in life, as he wore his hair longer than the fashion of that time allowed.
And these are just well-known examples. In fact, any situation in Alice's adventures can be decomposed into a logical riddle or a philosophical task of the concept of the world.
Carroll Quotes
Lewis Carroll, whose quotes are used as often today as Shakespeare's, was the hidden rebel of his day. "Hidden" means that he expressed his disagreement with the rules of behavior in society with veiled barbs. For example, hair that is too long.
- That would be for a change to meet a reasonable person!
- Life, of course, is serious, but not very ...
- Time cannot be spent!
- It is correct to explain something to another - to do everything yourself.
- Moral is everywhere - you need to look!
- Everything is so different, that's okay.
- If you hurry, you will miss the miracle.
- Why does someone need morality so much ?!
- The entertainment of the intellect is necessary for the health of the spirit.
Spicy gossip of the 19th century
Lewis Carroll, whose books do not lose popularity from the Queen of England to the Russian schoolboy, was a lonely and unsociable member of society. The talented man was engaged in photography and (with the permission of the mothers) took pictures of young beauties naked for his collection. In life and in college, Charles Dodgson was withdrawn, stuttered and could not hear with one ear. The priesthood did not allow him to marry.
There are several refutations to rumors that were born during the writer's lifetime. Yes, he felt flawed and that is why he avoided women his own age. All the girls with whom he spoke were over 14 years old. For that time, these are already young ladies in search of a groom. In the girls' memories, there is no hint of sexual harassment. And many of them deliberately reduced their age so as not to be compromised. A child can freely communicate with a man, but a decent lady cannot.
Charles Lutwidge (Lutwich) Dodgson (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) - English children's writer, mathematician, logician and photographer. Known under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll.
Born January 27, 1832 in Daresbury near Warrington, Cheshire, the son of a priest. In the Dodgson family, men were, as a rule, either army officers or clergymen (one of his great-grandfathers, Charles, rose to the rank of bishop, grandfather, again Charles, was an army captain, and his eldest son, also Charles, was the writer's father ). Charles Lutwidge was the third child and eldest son of four boys and seven girls.
Until the age of twelve, young Dodgson was educated by his father, a brilliant mathematician, who was promised a remarkable academic career, but he chose to become a country pastor. Preserved, compiled with his father, "reading lists" Charles, told us about the solid intelligence of the boy. After the family moved in 1843 to the village of Croft-on-Tees, in the north of Yorkshire, the boy was sent to the Richmond grammar school. From childhood, he entertained seven magic tricks, puppet shows and poems, written by him for homemade home newspapers ("Useful and edifying poetry", 1845). A year and a half later, Charles entered Rugby School, where he studied for four years (from 1846 to 1850), showing an outstanding ability in mathematics and theology.
In May 1850, Charles Dodgson was enrolled at Christ Church College, Oxford University and moved to Oxford the following January. However, in Oxford, just two days later, he received unfavorable news from home - his mother died from brain inflammation (possibly meningitis or stroke).
Charles studied well. After winning the competition for the Boulter scholarship in 1851 and receiving the first class distinction in mathematics and the second in classical languages \u200b\u200band ancient literature in 1852, the young man was admitted to scientific work, and also received the right to lecture in the Christian church, which he subsequently used for 26 years ... In 1854 he graduated with a bachelor's degree from Oxford, where later, after receiving his master's degree (1857), he worked, including the position of professor of mathematics (1855-1881).
Dr. Dodgson lived in a small house with turrets and was one of the landmarks of Oxford. His appearance and manner of speech were remarkable: slight asymmetry of the face, poor hearing (he was deaf in one ear), severe stuttering. I gave my lectures in an abrupt, even, lifeless tone. He avoided acquaintances, wandered around the neighborhood for hours. He had several favorite activities to which he devoted all his free time. Dodgson worked very hard - getting up at dawn and sitting at his desk. In order not to interrupt his work, he ate almost nothing during the day. A glass of sherry, a few cookies - and again at the desk.
At a young age, Dodgson drew a lot, tried himself in poetry, wrote stories, sending his works to various magazines. Between 1854 and 1856 his work, mostly of a humorous and satirical nature, has appeared in national publications (Comic Times, The Train, Whitby Gazette and Oxford Critic). In 1856, a small romantic poem "Loneliness" appeared in "The Train" under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll.
He invented his pseudonym as follows: he "translated" the name Charles Lutwidge into Latin (it turned out to be Carolus Ludovicus), and then returned the "true English" form to the Latin version. All his literary ("frivolous") experiments Carroll signed with a pseudonym, but he put his real name only in the titles of mathematical works ("Notes on flat algebraic geometry", 1860, "Information from the theory of determinants", 1866). Among a number of mathematical works by Dodgson, the work "Euclid and his modern rivals" (the last author's edition - 1879) is distinguished.
In 1861, Carroll was ordained and became a deacon of the Church of England; this event, as well as the charter of the Oxford College of Christ Church, according to which professors had no right to marry, forced Carroll to abandon his vague matrimonial plans. At Oxford, he met Henry Liddell, dean of Christ Church College, and eventually became a friend of the Liddell family. The easiest way for him was to find a common language with the dean's daughters - Alice, Lorina and Edith; in general, Carroll got along with children much faster and easier than with adults - so it was with the children of George MacDonald, and with the offspring of Alfred Tennyson.
Young Charles Dodgson was about six feet tall, slender and handsome, with curly brown hair and blue eyes, but it is believed that due to stuttering it was difficult for him to communicate with adults, but with children he was liberated, became free and quick in speech.
It was the acquaintance and friendship with the Liddell sisters that led to the birth of the fairy tale "Alice in Wonderland" (1865), which instantly made Carroll famous. The first edition of Alice was illustrated by artist John Tenniel, whose illustrations are now considered classics.
The incredible commercial success of Alice's first book changed Dodgson's life. As Lewis Carroll became quite famous all over the world, his mailbox was flooded with letters from fans, he began to earn very significant sums of money. However, Dodgson did not abandon his modest life and church posts.
In 1867, Charles left England for the first and last time and made a very unusual trip to Russia at that time. He visited Calais, Brussels, Potsdam, Danzig, Koenigsberg on the way, spent a month in Russia, returned to England through Vilna, Warsaw, Ems, Paris. In Russia, Dodgson visited St. Petersburg and its environs, Moscow, Sergiev Posad, a fair in Nizhny Novgorod.
The first fairy tale was followed by a second book - "Alice Through the Looking Glass" (1871), - whose gloomy content reflected the death of Carroll's father (1868) and the long-term depression that followed.
What is so remarkable about Alice's adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, which have become the most famous children's books? On the one hand, this is a fascinating story for children with descriptions of journeys to fantastic worlds with bizarre heroes who have forever become the idols of children - who does not know the March Hare or the Red Queen, the Quasi Turtle or the Cheshire Cat, Humpty Dumpty? The combination of imagination and absurdity makes the author's style inimitable, the author's ingenious imagination and play on words brings us finds, in which common sayings and sayings were played out, surreal situations break the usual stereotypes. At the same time, famous physicists and mathematicians (including M. Gardner) were surprised to find a lot of scientific paradoxes in children's books, and quite often episodes of Alice's adventures were considered in scientific articles.
Five years later, The Hunt for the Snark (1876), a fantastic poem describing the adventures of a bizarre team of variously inadequate creatures and a single beaver, was published, and it was Carroll's last widely known work. Interestingly, the painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti was convinced that the poem was written about him.
Carroll's interests are multifaceted. The late 70s and 1880s are characterized by the fact that Carroll publishes collections of riddles and games ("Doublets", 1879; "Logic Game", 1886; "Mathematical Curiosities", 1888-1893), writes poetry (the collection "Poems? Meaning? ", 1883). Carroll went down in literary history as a writer of "nonsense", including rhymes for children, in which their name was "baked", acrostics.
In addition to mathematics and literature, Carroll devoted a lot of time to photography. Although he was an amateur photographer, a number of his photographs were included, so to speak, in the annals of world photo chronicles: these are photographs of Alfred Tennyson, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, actress Ellen Terry and many others. Carroll was especially good at photographing children. However, in the early 1980s, he abandoned photography, announcing that he was "tired of this hobby." Carroll is considered one of the most famous photographers of the second half of the 19th century.
Carroll continues to write - on December 12, 1889, the first part of the novel "Sylvie and Bruno" was published, and at the end of 1893, and the second, but literary critics reacted to the work with lukewarmness.
Lewis Carroll died in Guildford, Surry County, January 14, 1898, at the home of his seven sisters, from pneumonia that broke out after the flu. He was less than sixty-six years old. In January 1898, most of Carroll's handwritten legacy was burned by his brothers, Wilfred and Skeffington, who did not know what to do with the piles of papers that their "learned brother" left behind in the rooms at Christ Church College. In that fire, not only manuscripts disappeared, but also part of the negatives, drawings, manuscripts, pages of a multivolume diary, bags of letters written to the strange Dr. Dodgson by friends, acquaintances, ordinary people, children. The turn came to a library of three thousand books (literally, fantastic literature) - the books were sold at an auction and sold to private libraries, but the catalog of that library was preserved.
The book "Alice in Wonderland" by Carroll was included in the list of twelve "most English" objects and phenomena, compiled by the UK Department of Culture, Sports and Media. Films and cartoons are made based on this cult work, games and musical performances are held. The book has been translated into dozens of languages \u200b\u200b(over 130) and has had a great influence on many authors.
Based on materials from "Wikipedia", site jabberwocky.ru
