Born December 5, 1803 in the village of Ovstug, Oryol province. Father - Ivan Nikolaevich Tyutchev (1768-1846). Mother - Ekaterina Lvovna (1776-1866). In 1821 he graduated from Moscow University. In the same year, he entered the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs and went abroad. In 1826 he married Eleanor Peterson, who died in 1838. In 1839 he married Ernestine Dörnberg and retired from the service. Had more than 10 children from two wives and lovers. In 1844 he returned to Russia and again entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee, where he served until his death. He died on July 27, 1873 in Tsarskoe Selo at the age of 69. He was buried at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent in St. Petersburg. Main works: “Winter is not without reason angry”, “Spring thunderstorm”, “The earth still looks sad ...”, “Look how the grove is turning green”, “These poor villages ...”, “Spring waters” and others.
Brief biography (detailed)
Fyodor Tyutchev is a Russian poet of the 19th century, who came from an old noble family. Fedor Ivanovich was also a diplomat, a conservative publicist and a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. The poet was born on December 5, 1803 in the Ovstug family estate in the Oryol province. He received his primary education at home. By the age of 13 he was well versed in ancient Roman poetry, knew Latin and translated Horace. Rather, he began to attend lectures on literature at Moscow University. At the age of 15 he was enrolled as a student, and a year later he was elected to the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
Having brilliantly graduated from the university, he entered the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. In 1821 Tyutchev's first trip abroad took place. As a freelance attache, he was sent to Munich. There he not only met Heine and Schelling, but also met his future wife, Eleanor Peterson, from whom he later had three daughters. Tyutchev's lyrical masterpieces appeared precisely at the turn of the 1820-1830s. These include "Summer Evening", "Autumn Evening", "Spring Waters", "Insomnia" and many other poems. The poet spent more than 20 years in foreign lands, but at the same time he did not lose touch with Russia and often visited her.
The writer's diplomatic career ended in 1839, and he soon returned to his homeland. Here he entered the service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In parallel, he actively participated in the activities of the Belinsky circle. From 1858 until the end of his life, the poet headed the Foreign Censorship Committee. As an outstanding poet, Tyutchev took place back in 1836, when Pushkin, admired by his work, published it in his journal Sovremennik. However, public recognition came to Tyutchev in 1854, when a separate collection of his poems was released. Fedor Ivanovich died in July 1873 in Tsarskoye Selo and was buried in St. Petersburg.
Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev. Born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in Ovstug, Bryansk district, Oryol province - died on July 15 (27), 1873 in Tsarskoe Selo. Russian poet, diplomat, conservative publicist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1857.
Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on December 5, 1803 in the family estate of Ovstug, Oryol province. Tyutchev was educated at home. Under the guidance of the teacher, poet and translator S. E. Raich, who supported the student's interest in versification and classical languages, Tyutchev studied Latin and ancient Roman poetry, and at the age of twelve he translated Horace's odes.
Since 1817, as a volunteer, he began to attend lectures at the Verbal Department at Moscow University, where his teachers were Alexei Merzlyakov and Mikhail Kachenovsky. Even before enrollment, he was admitted to the number of students in November 1818, in 1819 he was elected a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
Having received a certificate of graduation from the university in 1821, Tyutchev enters the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs and goes to Munich as a freelance attaché of the Russian diplomatic mission. Here he met Schelling and Heine and in 1826 married Eleanor Peterson, nee Countess Bothmer, from whom he had three daughters. The eldest of them, Anna, later marries Ivan Aksakov.
The steamer "Nikolai I", on which the Tyutchev family sails from St. Petersburg to Turin, is in distress in the Baltic Sea. When saving Eleanor and the children, Ivan Turgenev, who was sailing on the same ship, helps. This disaster seriously crippled the health of Eleonora Tyutcheva. She dies in 1838. Tyutchev is so saddened that, after spending the night at the coffin of his late wife, he is said to have turned gray in a few hours. However, already in 1839, Tyutchev married Ernestine Dernberg (nee Pfeffel), with whom, apparently, he had a connection while still married to Eleanor. Ernestine's memories of a ball in February 1833, at which her first husband felt unwell, have been preserved. Not wanting to interfere with his wife's fun, Mr. Dernberg decided to go home alone. Turning to the young Russian with whom the baroness was talking, he said: "I entrust my wife to you." This Russian was Tyutchev. A few days later, Baron Dörnberg died of typhus, the epidemic of which engulfed Munich at that time.
In 1835, Tyutchev received the rank of chamberlain. In 1839, Tyutchev's diplomatic activity was suddenly interrupted, but until 1844 he continued to live abroad. In 1843, he met with the all-powerful head of the III Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, A. Kh. Benckendorff. The result of this meeting was the support by Emperor Nicholas I of all Tyutchev's initiatives in the work to create a positive image of Russia in the West. Tyutchev was given the go-ahead for an independent speech in the press on the political problems of relations between Europe and Russia.
Of great interest to Nicholas I was the anonymously published article by Tyutchev "Letter to Mr. Doctor Kolb" ("Russia and Germany"; 1844). This work was given to the emperor, who, as Tyutchev told his parents, "found all his thoughts in it and seemed to ask who its author was."
Returning to Russia in 1844, Tyutchev again entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1845), where from 1848 he held the position of senior censor. Being him, he did not allow the distribution of the manifesto of the Communist Party in Russian in Russia, stating that "who needs it, they will read it in German."
Almost immediately upon his return, F. I. Tyutchev actively participates in Belinsky's circle.
Not printing poems at all during these years, Tyutchev appeared with journalistic articles in French: “Letter to Mr. Doctor Kolb” (1844), “Note to the Tsar” (1845), “Russia and the Revolution” (1849), “Papacy and The Roman Question” (1850), and also later, already in Russia, an article written “On Censorship in Russia” (1857). The last two are one of the chapters of the unfinished treatise "Russia and the West", conceived by him under the influence of the revolutionary events of 1848-1849.
In this treatise, Tyutchev creates a kind of image of the thousand-year-old power of Russia. Outlining his "teaching about the empire" and the nature of the empire in Russia, the poet noted its "Orthodox character." In the article “Russia and Revolution”, Tyutchev carried the idea that in the “modern world” there are only two forces: revolutionary Europe and conservative Russia. The idea of creating a union of Slavic-Orthodox states under the auspices of Russia was immediately outlined.
During this period, Tyutchev's poetry itself was subordinated to state interests, as he understood them. He creates many "rhyming slogans" or "journalistic articles in verse": "Gus at the stake", "To the Slavs", "Modern", "Vatican anniversary".
On April 7, 1857, Tyutchev received the rank of real state councilor, and on April 17, 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee. In this post, despite numerous troubles and clashes with the government, Tyutchev stayed for 15 years, until his death. On August 30, 1865, Tyutchev was promoted to secret adviser, thereby reaching the third, and in fact even the second step in the state hierarchy of officials.
During his service, he received 1,800 chervonets in gold and 2,183 rubles in silver as awards (prizes).
Until the very end, Tyutchev was interested in the political situation in Europe. On December 4, 1872, the poet lost his freedom of movement with his left hand and felt a sharp deterioration in vision; he began to suffer excruciating headaches. On the morning of January 1, 1873, despite the warnings of others, the poet went for a walk, intending to visit friends. On the street, he had a stroke that paralyzed the entire left half of his body.
On July 15, 1873, Tyutchev died in Tsarskoye Selo. On July 18, 1873, the coffin with the body of the poet was transported from Tsarskoye Selo to St. Petersburg and buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.
The report on Fyodor Tyutchev, set out in this article, will tell you about the great Russian poet, a representative of the "golden" age.
Message about Tyutchev
Childhood and youthful years of the future poet
He was born on November 23, 1803 in the village of Ovstug, in the Oryol province. His parents were noble and educated people. Therefore, they also wanted to give their son an appropriate education: at home, the teacher Semyon Raich studied with him, who instilled in him a love of poetry. Already at the age of 12, Fedor translated the works of Horace and tried to compose poems. The boy's talent was amazing. At the age of 14, he was accepted into the staff of the Society of Lovers of Literature. And in 1816, Tyutchev became a volunteer at Moscow University. In 1819 he entered the Faculty of Philology, from which he graduated in just 2 years.
Life abroad
After receiving a doctorate in literature, but got a job at the College of Foreign Affairs. In 1822, Tyutchev went to serve in Munich. For a while, Fedor Ivanovich was forced to abandon his literary activity and devote himself to the diplomatic service. Nevertheless, he continued to write poetry, albeit for himself, without advertising it. He came to his homeland only in 1825. Returning to Munich, he marries Eleanor Peterson, taking over the guardianship of her 3 children from her first marriage. The couple also had their own children - 3 beautiful daughters. The city also gave him friendship with the philosopher Schelling and the poet Heine.
In the spring of 1836, Fedor Ivanovich transferred his lyrical works to St. Petersburg, which were published in Pushkin's journal Sovremennik. In general, his German service lasted 15 years. In the spring of 1837, the poet and diplomat gets a vacation and goes to St. Petersburg for 3 months.
At the end of his vacation, he was redirected to Turin as the first secretary and chargé d'affaires of the Russian mission. In Italy, his wife dies and a year later he remarries Mrs. Ernestine Dernberg. This was the beginning of the end of his diplomatic career, as he arbitrarily went to Switzerland for the wedding.
Fedor Ivanovich tried for 2 whole years to return to the service, but in vain. He was permanently excluded from the list of officials of the Ministry. Tyutchev, after being fired, lived for another 4 years in Munich, Germany.
The poet returned to his fatherland in 1843. At first he lived in Moscow, then moved to St. Petersburg. In the spring of 1845 he was hired by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His career began to improve. And here are the poet's wonderful poems and journalistic articles, although they were published, but no one read them.
After himself, Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev left 24 lyric works, the article “Russian Minor Poets ».
- The poet was very amorous. At first he was fond of Countess Amalia, then he married Eleanor Peterson. After her death, Tyutchev again combined the knot with Ernestine Dernberg. But Fedor Ivanovich cheated on her for 14 years with Elena Denisyeva, who became his third wife.
- Him had 9 children from three marriages.
- He dedicated poems to his beloved women.
- The constant activity of a statesman did not allow him to develop as a professional writer.
- He dedicated two of his poems
Report on Fyodor Tyutchev, an eminent Russian poet of the nineteenth "golden" century of Russian poetry, can be long, because his fate is rich in events, feelings, reflections, creativity.
Childhood and youth of the future poet
Tyutchev was born into a noble family typical of that time, combining strict observance of Russian traditions with fashionable communication in French. It happened on the twenty-third of November 1803 in the estate of the village of Ovstug, located in the Oryol province. The parents of the future poet Ekaterina Tolstaya and Ivan Tyutchev were noble, intelligent and educated people. They wanted to see their children the same way.
In Moscow, where Fyodor spent his childhood and youth, Semyon Raich became his home teacher from the age of nine. The young talented philologist was an aspiring critic and poet, therefore he encouraged the poetic experiments of his pupil. At the age of twelve, Fyodor Tyutchev was already translating the works of Horace and composing poems. At fourteen he was elected a member of the Society of Lovers of Literature. A gifted boy from 1816 was a volunteer at Moscow University, in the fall of 1819 he was a student at the Faculty of Philology, and in 1821 he already graduated from it, having studied instead of three for two years.
Service in Munich
Having received his degree, after a few months he began to serve in the then prestigious College of Foreign Affairs, and in June 1822 he went to the German city of Munich. Fedor Ivanovich broke off contact with literature and devoted himself entirely to the diplomatic service. True, he did not stop writing poetry, but he did it for himself, without advertising them. He went on leave to his homeland only in 1825. Upon his return to duty in February 1826, he married Eleanor Peterson, becoming the guardian of her three children from a previous marriage. The Tyutchev family grew. 3 more daughters were born.
In Munich, fate brought him together with the poet Heine and the philosopher Schelling. Later, having made friends with a German romantic poet, Tyutchev was the first to translate his poetic works into his native language. He also continued to write his lyrical works. And in the spring of 1836 he handed them over to St. Petersburg, where they were published in Sovremennik, a published magazine. By the way, the great poet was delighted with the richness of poetic colors, the depth of thought, the strength and freshness of Tyutchev's language.
Service in Germany lasted almost fifteen years. In the late spring of 1837, the diplomat and poet received leave and went to St. Petersburg for three months.
Life in Turin
But after the vacation, Tyutchev was destined to go to Turin. There he was appointed chargé d'affaires of the Russian mission and first secretary. In this Italian city, a life tragedy awaited him, the death of his wife Eleanor. A year later, his marriage to Mrs. Dernberg was the end of his career as a diplomat. Tyutchev was not forgiven for his unauthorized departure to Switzerland to perform a wedding ceremony with Ernestina.
The announcement of the release of the poet from his post was not long in coming. For two years he tried to return to the service, but to no avail. Tyutchev was finally expelled from the number of officials of the Ministry. Without an official position, being retired, the poet lived in Munich for five years.
Back home
In 1843 the poet returned to his father's land. He lived first in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg with his parents. Reunited with his family in 1844. In the spring of the following year, he again began to serve in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A year later, he received the position of an official for special assignments, later - a senior censor. There was career growth, social life was getting better. These and subsequent years were marked by the writing of journalistic articles, which were published, and magnificent poems, which no one read.
Poetic popularity
Twenty-four lyrical works and an article entitled "Russian Minor Poets", written, were published in the Sovremennik magazine in early 1850. They made the general public remember Tyutchev the poet. Four years later, the first collection of lyrical works was enthusiastically received by readers.
farewell feeling
The love of the young Elena Denisyeva and the elderly poet Fyodor Tyutchev lasted fourteen years. The fatal feeling gave birth to the beautiful lyrics of the so-called "Denisiev cycle". Their relationship was doomed to tragedy, because the poet had a family. Tyutchev wrote about this in the poem “Oh, how deadly we love”, talking about a painful, sinful feeling condemned by people.
bereavement
The last decade of the poet's life is filled with heavy irreparable losses. Elena Denisyeva died of consumption in 1964, followed by her son and daughter the following year, then her mother dies, and in 1870 her brother. The poet's life, fading away, loses its meaning. Since 1873, he begins to be seriously ill, and on the fifteenth of July of the same year, his life ends.
His ashes were buried in the city of Petra at the Novodevichy cemetery. And Tyutchev himself remained a favorite poet of many generations.
If this message was useful to you, I would be glad to see you
Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873) was born on December 5, 1803 in an old noble family, in the Ovstug estate of the Bryansk district of the Oryol province.
Fedor Tyutchev spent his early years in Moscow. He received his initial education at home under the guidance of the poet-translator S.E. Raicha. In 1821 he brilliantly graduated from the verbal department of Moscow University. Soon he entered the service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in 1822 he went abroad, having been appointed to a modest position in the Russian embassy in Munich, the capital of the then Bavarian kingdom. He also served in Turin (Sardinia).
Tyutchev began to write poetry as a teenager, but he rarely appeared in print and was not noticed by either critics or readers. The real debut of Fyodor Tyutchev took place in 1836: a notebook of Tyutchev's poems, forwarded from Germany, falls into the hands of Alexander Pushkin, and he, having accepted Tyutchev's poems with amazement and delight, published them in his journal Sovremennik. However, recognition and fame come to Tyutchev much later, after his return to his homeland, in the 50s, when Nekrasov, Turgenev, Fet, Nikolai Chernyshevsky spoke admiringly about the poet and when a separate collection of his poems was published (1854).
And yet, Fedor Tyutchev does not become a professional writer, remaining in the public service until the end of his life. In 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee, a post he held until his death. He died on July 15, 1873 in Tsarskoye Selo, and was buried in St. Petersburg.
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spring waters
Snow is still whitening in the fields,
And the waters are already rustling in the spring -
They run and wake up the sleepy shore,
They run and shine, and they say ...
They say all over the place:
"Spring is coming, spring is coming!
We are messengers of young spring,
She sent us ahead!"
Spring is coming, spring is coming!
And quiet, warm May days
Ruddy, bright round dance
Crowds merrily after her.
Winter is getting angry...
Winter is getting angry
Her time has passed
Spring is knocking on the window
And drives from the yard.
And everything fussed
Everything forces Winter out -
And larks in the sky
The alarm has already been raised.
Winter is still busy
And grumbles at Spring.
She laughs in her eyes
And it only makes more noise...
Wicked witch pissed off
And, capturing the snow,
Let go, run away
To a beautiful child.
Spring and grief is not enough:
Washed in the snow
And only became blush,
Against the enemy.
spring thunderstorm
I love the storm in early May,
When spring, the first thunder,
as if frolicking and playing,
Rumbles in the blue sky.
The young peals are thundering,
Here the rain splashed, the dust flies,
Rain pearls hung,
And the sun gilds the threads.
An agile stream runs from the mountain,
In the forest, the din of birds does not stop,
And the uproar of the forest and the noise of the mountains -
Everything echoes cheerfully to the thunders.
You say: windy Hebe,
Feeding Zeus' eagle
A thundering cup from the sky
Laughing, she spilled it on the ground.
There is in the autumn of the original ...
Is in the autumn of the original
A short but marvelous time -
The whole day stands as if crystal,
And radiant evenings ...
Where a peppy sickle walked and an ear fell,
Now everything is empty - space is everywhere, -
Only cobwebs of thin hair
Shines on an idle furrow.
The air is empty, the birds are no longer heard,
But far from the first winter storms -
And pure and warm azure pours
On the resting field…
How good are you, O night sea ...
How good you are, O night sea, -
Here it is radiant, there it is gray-dark ...
In the moonlight, as if alive,
It walks and breathes and it shines...
In the endless, in the free space
Shine and movement, roar and thunder ...
The sea drenched in a dull radiance,
How good you are in the emptiness of the night!
You are a great swell, you are a sea swell,
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
Waves are rushing, thundering and sparkling,
Sensitive stars look from above.
In this excitement, in this radiance,
All, as in a dream, I'm lost standing -
Oh, how willingly in their charm
I would drown my whole soul ...
Sand flowing to the knees ...
Sand flowing to the knees ...
We are going - late - the day is fading,
And pines, along the way, shadows
The shadows have already merged into one.
Blacker and more often deep forest -
What sad places!
The night is gloomy, like a stout-eyed beast,
Looks from every bush!
Cicero
Roman orator spoke
Amid civil storms and anxiety:
"I got up late - and on the road
Was caught in the night of Rome!"
So! but, saying goodbye to Roman glory,
From the Capitol Heights
You saw greatness in everything
The sunset of her bloody star!..
Blessed is he who has visited this world
In his fatal moments -
He was called by the All-good,
As an interlocutor at a feast;
He is a spectator of their high spectacles,
He was admitted to their council,
And alive, like a celestial,
He drank immortality from their cup.
You can't understand Russia with your mind...
Russia cannot be understood with the mind,
Do not measure with a common yardstick:
She has a special become -
One can only believe in Russia.
Evening
How quietly blows over the valley
Distant bell ringing
Like noise from a flock of cranes, -
And in the sonorous leaves he froze.
Like the spring sea in flood,
Brighter, the day does not sway, -
And hurry, be silent
A shadow falls across the valley.
Late autumn...
Late autumn
I love the Tsarskoye Selo garden
When he is in a quiet half-darkness
As if embraced by drowsiness,
And white-winged visions
On the dim lake glass,
In some bliss of numbness
They stagnate in this semi-darkness ...
And on the porphyry steps
Catherine's palaces
Dark shadows fall
October early evenings
And the garden darkens like an oak tree,
And under the stars from the darkness of the night,
Like a reflection of a glorious past
The golden dome comes out ...
